BBC - Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Body - Senses Challenge
Two Major Divisions:
1.Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Structure Function
*Brain
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain Stem
*receives and processes messages-to think, remember, and reason
Spinal Cord *cylinder of nerve tissue that connects the brain to all peripheral nerves
Structure Function
Nerves *Sends and relays messages from brain and spinal cord to all appendages (arms and legs)
Girls Turn…
Structure Function
Pituitary Gland Regulates and controls the activities of all other endocrine gland. “Master gland”
Parathyroids Regulates calcium and phosphorus balance.
Adrenal Glands
“fight or flight” hormone- adrenaline, maintains blood volume & blood pressure
Structure Function
Pineal Body Creates the hormone melatonin (skin tone)
Hypothalamus Provides body with homeostasis (body’s status quo-balance)
Thyroid Regulates metabolism, body heat production, and bone growth.
Thymus Processing and maturation of T-cells (special lymphocytes)
Pancreas Regulates glucose levels in the blood (blood sugar)
Testes Release reproductive hormones
Ovaries Release reproductive hormones
Are they
Mental Health
What is Mental Health? Positive Mental health is generally having:
– Positive outlook– Being comfortable with yourself and others– Being able to meet life’s demands – Good coping skills– Being able to handle a variety of situations– Being able to meet their needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physical needs —safe, secure, food, water, sleep
Emotional needs -belonging, loved, achievement, recognition
Aesthetic- know, explore, understand
Self fulfilling- self actualization
3 Factors that impact your personality
Environment– Surroundings: family,
friends, neighborhood, school etc.
Behavior– Most control – Power of choice
Heredity– Your DNA from
parents
– Impacts personality, temperament, emotional tendencies
Emotions!!!!!Signals that tell your mind
and body how to react Some emotions we all experience are:
– Love -jealousy – Empathy -happiness– Fear -sadness– Anger -sympathy– Guilt -hate****you can feel more than one emotion at a timeThe emotion is not right or wrong but how we respond to
it can be.
Stress
Health
POP QUIZ TODAY
TEST
HOMEWORK
DATING
PEER PRESSURE
SPIDERS
What is stress? That is what these kids want to know.
What is Stress?
Stress is the body and mind‘s reaction to everyday demands.
2 Kinds of Stress1. Distress—negative stress
2. Eustress-positive stress
Distress and Eustress are relative to each person (can depend on amount of sleep, physical fitness, diet, previous experience etc.)
Distress or Eustress?
What is a stressor? Stressor—any stimulus that produces
a stress response.– ie: – people (teachers, parents, friends, etc), – objects (cars, spiders, microphones etc.)– Places (stage, home, school etc.)– Events (test, public speaking, game,
contest etc.)
Kinds of Stressors Biological stressors -chemical imbalances in
brain, mental or physical illness or injuries Environmental stressors -poverty, pollution,
noise, natural disasters Cognitive stressors -the way you perceive a
situation or what you expect from it Personal behavior stressors -negative reactions
in body and mind causes by using drugs or not exercising or not eating healthy
Life situations -relative dies, parents divorce, trouble with peer relationships
Look familiar???
Body’s Response to Stressors
Body tries to maintain homeostasis (steady state, balance)
Nervous system and endocrine system produce adrenaline that is secreted.
“Fight or Flight” response in which the body reacts by an increased heart rate, breathing is faster, saliva and mucus dry up, throat muscles contract, perspiration increases,muscles tighten, other body functions such as digestion are suspended.
3 stages of stress 3 stages…
– 1. ALARM-– Body and mind on high alert– Adrenaline is secreted (adrenaline is the
emergency hormone)– 2. Resistance
Body tries to repair its damage from stress and return to normal
Incredible feats of strength happen in this stage
3rd stage of stress response
3. Fatigue– Tired feeling that lowers a person’s activity
level– Types of fatigue
Physical—example—after a hard day, after exercise,
Pathological-overworking the body’s defenses in fighting disease
Psychological-results from constant worry, overwork, depression, etc.
The Effect of Stress on Health
Physically, Mentally, Socially– Strain is the negative effects of stress. Strain
may appear as fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, medical problems, insomnia, depression, anxiety, over eating, drug and alcohol abuse, risk taking, poor relationships.
– After time, the body becomes exhausted and is more susceptible to illness and accidents.
75% of all visits to the primary care physician are due to problems caused by stress
Signs of Stress
Signs of stress Physical signs- headaches, trembling,
upset stomach, migraines, sweating, rash, constipation, diarrhea, pounding heart, trouble sleeping, muscle aches and tightness, back pain, nervous twitches
Emotional signs –frustration, nervousness, boredom, edginess, feeling powerless, being quick to anger, impatience, mood swings, worrying, confusion,
Signs of stress Mental signs— trouble reading or
thinking clearly, constant worry, obsessive thoughts, inability to make decisions, forgetting, etc.
Behavioral signs- not eating or overeating, verbal or physical outburst, fidgeting, drug/alcohol use, overuse of caffeine, smoking, gambling etc.
How to cope with Stress Identify sources of stress Make choices to control the amount of stress
you experience Stay physically fit—exercise, eat healthy etc. Use relaxation techniques
– Deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation Learn time management skills
– Plan your work and work your plan Know your personality-your traits and
characteristics—recognize overuse of defense mechanisms.
Defense Mechanisms Denial-refusal to accept realty Escape-running away or avoiding a problem Rationalization-an attempt to justify one’s
action with an excuse rather than admitting one’s failure or mistake
Projection- an attempt to protect one’s self esteem by blaming unpleasant feelings or inappropriate actions on others
Repression-blocking out thoughts about unpleasant things (forgetting on purpose)
*Identification- acting like of modeling one’s behavior after a person one likes*Displacement-expressing feelings toward someone or something not associated with the source of the feelings*Regression-relating to an earlier time that seems less threatening and requires less responsibility*Compensation-an attempt to make up for something one did not have*Sublimation-transforming unacceptable behaviors into acceptable one
Coping with
Reflection paper In a 3 paragraph paper, identify the
defense mechanisms that you utilize in your life. Give examples of how you use them in your life and describe the ways that you use them that are healthy as well as unhealthy.
Watch the following video clip and think about how this person copes!!!!
Defense Mechanisms Assessment
On the back of your handout, write an example of the defense mechanism that is highlighted.
When instructed, find the others in the class with the same defense mechanism and share your examples
Mental Disorders
FOCUS--- list as many mental disorders as you can think of (like depression, bi polar, etc)
About.com: http://www.abeautifulmind.com
Mental Disorders
What is mental illness? An illness of the mind that can affect
the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person.
Mental disorders prevent people from leading a happy, healthful, and productive lives.
Is this dog mentally ill?
ABNORMAL BEHAVIORThree ways to distinguish normal from abnormal:
1. deviance2. adjustment
3. psychological health
Abnormal Behavior
Deviation-Abnormal behavior is any
deviance for the average or from the majority.
Examples: taking 10 shower in a day, laughing at the funeral
of a loved one
Adjustment-Abnormal behavior is determining how normal people get along in the world (physically, emotionally, and socially). An abnormal person cannot adjust in various situations.
Psychological Health -Most psychologist believe that a person in good psychological health is one who is functioning ideally or who is at least striving toward ideal functioning. A person not in this category is considered “mentally ill”.
Causes of Mental Disorders
ORGANIC– Caused by physical
illness or injury to brain
FUNCTIONAL– Occur as a result of
psychological causes in which no clear brain damage is involved.
4 Categories of Disorders Anxiety Disorders - real,
imagined, or persistent fears prevent someone from living a normal life. ie: phobia, OCD, panic disorders, post traumatic stress disorder.
Somatoform Disorders-
Persons complain of disease symptoms but no physical symptoms can be found. ie: Hypochondria- fear of presumed diseases that do not exist. Hypochondriacs feel aches and pains and worry about contracting serious diseases
4 Categories of Disorders Affective Disorders –
illness with an organic cause that relates to emotions, and may involve mood swings
or mood extremes that interfere with normal activities
ie: clinical depression, bipolar disorders
(manic depression)
Personality DisordersInclude a variety of
psychological conditions that affect a persons ability to get
along with othersie: antisocial
personality, passive aggressive personality,
schizophrenia
Affective Disorders
Depression: Extreme sadness and
hopelessness that lasts for more than a
few weeks
Affective Disorders
Bipolar Disorder: Also called Manic.
Extreme mood swings between happy and sad
Anxiety Disorders
Phobias: going to extreme measures to avoid something
Anxiety Disorders
OCD: Trapped in a pattern of repeated behaviors (washing
hands)
Anxiety Disorders
PTSS: Veterans, nightmares, extreme
reactions to pictures or events
Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder: Panic attacks, trembling, increase heart rate,
short of breath, dizziness
Somatoform Disorders
Hypochondria: Preoccupation with
body and fear of illnesses that are not
there
Personality Disorders
Anti-social Disorder: Constant conflict with society, cruel
personality
Personality DisordersPassive Aggressive: Uncooperative,
control issues, indirectly shows dissatisfaction
“Forgetting” to do something on purpose Making a habit of putting off or being late
Failing to do one’s share of the work or doing sub-standard work on purpose
Criticizing authority figures, not openly, but in subtle ways
Personality Disorders
Schizophrenia: Split mind, “A
Beautiful Mind” (the movie)
Suicide Risk factors Warning signs Prevention Coping with loss
Suicide Prevention Risk Factors for suicide
– Substance abuse– Violence/abuse (emotional, sexual,
physical)– Depression– Isolation– Anger– Prior suicide attempts– Family history of mental illness
Warning Signs Depression Lack of energy/no
zest for life Withdrawal from
family, school, activities etc
Drop in grades Giving away
possessions
Increased risk taking
Personality changes
A sudden upbeat mood
Drugs and alcohol usage
Violent actions
Preventing Suicide Show that you care Get them professional help Take all talk of suicide seriously Show empathy Cluster suicides
– Pact of people agree to kill themselves – Do not keep it secret! Get help.
Coping with loss Stages of grief
1. denial-can’t believe it happened2. Anger-why me? 3. Emotional release 4. Bargaining-person agrees to change in
exchange for getting person back5. Depression-withdrawal, quiet sadness6. Remorse7. Acceptance 8. Hope
Suicide Story (true story)
Does this person remind you of anyone here?
What would you do differently to handle this situation?
Would you do an intervention in this case?
What did you learn that you could apply in your life?
Positive Self-
Esteem
Good Decision-Making
Goal Setting
and Action Planning
Recognize and Cope
*Recognize who you are (personality, defense mechanisms, stressors, ways to cope with stress)
*Cope with your stressors (therapy, relaxation techniques, etc.)
Kinds of
Professionalhelp
PsychiatristTherapyAnalysis
medication
NeurologistSpecializes in
organic Disorders of the
Brain and nervous system
Clinical psychologist
Treatmentw/o meds
CounselorsSchool, religious,
addictions
PsychiatricSocial workerDFS, mental
Hospitals,Clinics etc