Date post: | 26-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ross-arnold |
View: | 219 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Fauziah Hanim Ahmad ShaariB13, 2nd Floor, Sanggar Bahasa,
Faculty of Modern Languages and [email protected] / 019 9329753
Irda HidayahFaculty of Modern Languages and Communication
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Sentence Structure
Clauses: dependent & independent
Types of sentences: simple, compound, complexSentence errors: fragment, run on, comma splice & parallel structure
Conjunctions: coordinating & subordinating
Grammar: subject-verb/noun-pronoun agreement
Mechanics: punctuations
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Paragraphs
Format of a paragraphTypes of paragraphsParagraph outline
- Topic sentence- Controlling idea- Supporting details- Conclusion
UnityCoherence
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Essays
Format of an essayThesis statementsSupporting detailsConcluding paragraphUnity CoherenceCitation formatReferences
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Mid semester examination 25 marks
Final examination 30 marks
Coursework 45 marks
Coursework
Writing Assignments 1 (A1) 15 marks
Self Directed Learning Portfolio (SDL) 10 marks
Writing Assignments 2 (A2) 20 marks
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Assignment 1
Writing Assignment 1 (A1) - Letter to the Editor Content: Selected newspaper article used Paragraph Outline Draft 1 Peer editing form Draft 2 Self editing form Final Draft (clean copy to be marked)
• Arial 11 or Times New Roman 12, 1.5 spacing, Cover page (Please refer to Tugasan@ppl)
Due Date: 12 August 2011
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Self Directed learning (SDL)
Content: Weekly online assignment (to be done throughout the 1st half of the course) - Please refer to Tugasan@ppl
* ensure a proper cover page* please print the exercises that you have done. Photocopied
exercises are not accepted.* ensure the exercises are correctly arranged (Week 1, etc.)* each week SDL work should be clearly separated using a
divider.* to be submitted together with A1 (bind together)
Due Date: 12 August 2011
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Writing Assignment 2 – Academic Essay
Content:
Please refer to Lecture 2 (Perjumpaan 2)
* ensure a proper cover page• Arial 11 or Times New Roman 12, 1.5 spacing
Due Date: 23 September 2011
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Sentence Structure: Phrases & Clauses
A Phrase?
A group of words without a SUBJECT and a
VERB
In the morning
A long time ago
Several hours later / At the far end of the room
Ten minutes ago / around the corner
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Clause?
A group of words containing a SUBJECT
and a VERB
She is here.
When we visited the farm.
The students are listening.
Until I get my salary.
Linda jots down notes during the lecture.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Class practice
Tommy is here.
Several hundreds years ago in Malacca.
When I come home.
Because the nurses care.
Behind my back.
They went scuba-diving.
A beautiful morning.
Rahim and Suzie are planning to attend the party.
Although we managed to escape the fire.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Answer Key
Tommy is here. (C)
Several hundreds years ago in Malacca. (P)
When I come home. (C)
Because the nurses care. (C)
Behind my back. (P)
They went scuba-diving. (C)
A beautiful morning. (P)
Rahim and Suzie are planning to attend the party. (C)
Although we managed to escape the fire. (C)
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Types of Clauses
Independent Clause (IC)
a complete sentence
- the sentence contains a S + V + Complete thought / idea
Tommy is here.
They went scuba-diving.
Rahim and Suzie are planning to attend the
party.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Dependent Clause
Dependent Clause (DC)
An incomplete sentence
- The sentence contains a S + V but the thought/ idea
is incomplete
When I come home. (DC)
so what? incomplete idea
Because the nurses care. (DC)
so…? incomplete idea
Although we managed to escape the fire. (DC)
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
A dependent or Independent Clause?
Tina cries.
Tina and Sam cry.
Tina kissed and hugged me.
Tina and Sam kissed and hugged me.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Answer Key
Tina cries. (IC – a complete sentence)
Tina and Sam cry. (IC- a complete sentence)
Tina kissed and hugged me. (IC – a complete sentence)
Tina and Sam kissed and hugged me.
(IC- a complete sentence)
An Independent clause = A complete sentence
Sentence: A group of words containing a subject, a verb,
and a complete thought / idea
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Type of Sentences
Simple Sentence
S = S + V
Tina cries.
S = S + S + V
Tina and Sam cry.
S = S + V + V
Tina kissed and hugged me.
S = S + S + V + V
Tina and Sam kissed and hugged me.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Compound Sentence
IC + IC
Anna bought several flowers. S + V (IC) Simple
Anna sent them to her mother. S + V (IC) Simple
Anna bought several flowers and sent them to her mother.
S + V + V (simple sentence)
Anna bought several flowers, and she sent them to her mother.
S + V, S + V (compound sentence)
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
We cannot wait any longer in this dangerous place.
S + V (IC) simple
We and the rest of the team have to move now.
S + S + V (IC) simple
We cannot wait any longer in this dangerous place, so we and the rest of the team have to move now.
IC + IC (compound)
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Using conjunctions to form a
compound sentence
Anna bought several flowers, and she sent them to her mother.
We cannot wait any longer in this dangerous place, so we and the rest of the team have to move now.
so, and
Coordinating conjunctions
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Coordinating Conjunctions (CC)
, for
, and
, nor
, but
, or
, yet
, so
FANBOYS (Short Words)*check out your textbook (pg 189) for more examples
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Coordinating Conjunctions (Long words)
Conjunctive Adverbs
;therefore,
;however,
;whereas,
;consequently,
;moreover,
;furthermore,
*check out your textbook (pg 189) for more examples
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
More Examples
I ran very fast. I missed the train.
I ran very fast; however, I missed the train.
I ran very fast, but I missed the train.
They should go. They should never return.
They should go, and they should never return.
My children admire me. I feel proud of myself.
My children admire me; therefore, I feel proud of myself.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Complex Sentence
IC + DC
Anna brought several flowers. (IC)
When she visited her mother. (DC)
Anna brought several flowers when she visited her
mother. (IC DC)
When Anna visited her mother, she brought
several flowers. (DC, IC)
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Many of the victims died because they did not receive medical attention early.
Because the victims did not receive medical attention early, many of them died.
I will return the books when you return my cds.
Since Rob moved to Canada, Christina has become very temperamental.
We bumped into Ning as we were leaving the café.
When, since, as Subordinating Conjunctions
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Subordinating Conjunctions (SC)
As, When, While, Since, Although, Though
Even though, Because, Until
Till, Where, As if, Before, Unless
Whether, Whenever
*check out your textbook (pg 189) for more examples
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Sentence Errors
Fragment
When was riding home last night, he saw a strange object.
(missing subject)
People in KL always in a hurry.
(missing verb)
Until I am cured. (incomplete thought / idea)
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Repairing Fragments
Add a subjectWhen Rony / He / The man was riding home last night, he saw a strange object.
Add a verbPeople in KL are always in a hurry.
Complete the sentence. Add IC.I will not lose hope until I am cured.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Sentence Errors
Comma-splice
I drove fast, I missed my flight.
I drove fast, I missed my flight.
(Two complete sentences (IC) combined using merely a comma)
Sonia feels hungry, she eats several slices of bread.I have won a car from BSN, I am excited.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Repairing a comma-splice error
Add CC to form a compound sentence.I drove fast, but I missed my flight. I drove fast; however, I missed my flight.
Add SC to form a complex sentence.I missed my flight though I drove fast.Though I drove fast, I missed my flight.
Place a full-stop or a semicolon.I drove fast. I missed my flight.I drove fast; I missed my flight.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Sentence Errors
Run-Ons
I drove fast I miss my flight.
(Two complete sentences (IC) joined as one sentence without a conjunction or proper punctuation) Rita feels thirsty she buys two cans of orange juice.We were lost we were not worried.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Repairing a Run-Ons
We were lost we were not worried.
Add CC to form a compound sentence.We were lost, yet we were not worried.We were lost; however, we were not worried.
Add SC to form a complex sentence.Although we were lost, we were not worried.We were not worried although we were lost.
Place a full-stop or a semicolon.We were lost. We were not worried.We were lost; we were not worried.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Sentence Structure
Parallelism
I enjoy reading and to plant flowers.I enjoy reading and planting flowers.
She is friendly, nice and loves to help others.She is friendly, nice, and helpful.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Paragraph Writing
A collection of 5-12 sentencesFocuses on ONE topic Contains a topic sentence (ts) *a good ts contains a clear controlling ideaContains 2-3 points to support the topic sentence Several sentences to support (explain, elaborate) the pointsUsually ends with a concluding sentence (cs)
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
How do we a paragraph?
Select An Interesting Topic Create a Focus
Write the Topic SentenceDraw an Outline
Write the ParagraphEdit & Revise the Paragraph
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Create a Focus
Dr Mahathir life/ success/ personality/ contributions/ influence/ beliefs
Computer gamesdisadvantages/ types/ software/ cost/ addictions
Exercisingdanger/ reasons/ benefits/ equipment/ types
Campingreasons/ benefits/ difference/ cost/ equipment/ location
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Write a clear topic sentence. Include a controlling idea.
Dr Mahathir - influence Dr Mahathir is a very influential man.
Computer games - addictivePlaying computer games can be addictive.There are four causes of addiction to computer games among teenagers.
Jogging – benefitsMany people enjoy jogging to gain these benefits.
Camping - best holidayCamping is the best form of holiday for these reasons.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Draw an outline
Camping is the best form of holiday for these reasons.
P1 P2 P3 Get in touch poor telephone Cheap with nature reception- direct access to -enjoy a truly relaxing -doesn’t cost natural surrounding holiday much to rent-bath in cold river, -no one can call. a camp site breathpure mountain forget work problems - RM100-200 air and listen to for a hotel birds chirping tent =RM10
CS: In short, these are why everyone should go camping.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Draw an outline
Camping is the best form of holiday for these reasons.
P1: Get in touch with naturesd: direct access to natural surroundingsd:. bath in cold river, breathpure mountain air and listen to birds chirpingP2: poor telephone reception Sd: enjoy a truly relaxing holidaySd: No one can call, forget work problemsP3: Cheap Sd: doesn’t cost much to rent a tent and a camping siteSd: RM100 to RM200 for hotel, RM10 or less for a tent
CS: In short, these are why everyone should go camping.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]
Camping is the best form of holiday for these reasons. Firstly, it allows you to get in touch with nature. Unlike other typical holidays, camping gives you a direct access to the natural surrounding. You can actually bath in the cold river, breath pure mountain air, and listen to birds chirping as you relax in your tent. Next, as telephone reception is poor in many camping grounds, you can enjoy a truly relaxing holiday. No one from the office can call you, so you can forget your work problems for a while. Lastly, it is also cheap. It doesn’t cost much to rent a tent and a camping site. If you normally pay RM100 to RM200 per night for a hotel room, you only need to pay RM10 or less to rent a tent a night. In short, these are why I believe everyone should opt for a a camping trip.
BBI2421/PJJ/[email protected]