broadband broadband ACROSS AMERICA

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JDSU can help you save time andmoney with your broadband deployment—end to end, across the network, and throughout the network life cycle

Tools to Help You Put Broadband to the Test

™

Broadband@Work Across America

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The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act provides much neededfunding to expand broadband access to rural and underserved communitiesacross America.

For these communities, access to high-speed data, voice, and video servicesoffers job creation and economic development benefits. Individuals cangrow web-based businesses, take advantage of telemedicine and distance-learning applications, and enjoy more home entertainment options. Asservice providers, you will play the critical role in accelerating broadbanddeployment for more American communities.

This is a historic opportunity to bring the benefits of broadband to theone-third of Americans who currently do not have broadband access.Whether you are deploying fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), digital subscriberline (DSL), wireless, hybrid fiber-coaxial systems, or broadband overpower lines you need the tools and expertise to install, test, and verifyinfrastructure and services efficiently and cost-effectively.

This is where we can help you. As a leader in broadband network test andmeasurement solutions and optical components, JDSU has decades ofexperience working with large and small telecom service providers,cable operators, utilities, municipalities, and network equipmentmanufacturers. With JDSU, you have a partner who can help you get itright the first time—saving time and money. Our broadband@work tipslocated throughout this document reflect years of experience workingwith next-generation broadband networks and equipment.

Will Your Network Pass the Test?

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As millions of Americans watch video over the web, download music andvideo, and send increasingly large files, today’s broadband networks haveto meet increasingly stringent tests. For service providers, you have todeliver high-quality service at an affordable price.You need the knowledge,tools, and solutions to:

– Build new broadband access networks

– Understand what can go wrong

– Detect common problems

– Fix network and installation problems

– Ensure reliable service

Here are solutions to some of the more common issues and problems service providers face when deploying FTTxnetworks and providing broadband services:

Application Potential Problem Test Solution

Installing Fiber Dirt contaminates the line and can damage An all-in-one test instrument that serves as athe equipment power meter for turning up fiber and also inspects

the fiber for dirt contamination

Deploying Ethernet Equipment Configuration errors in Ethernet switches Ethernet testers that enable technicians to verifyand routers lead to frame loss and delay the Ethernet link and configuration in the

central office and video serving and hub offices

Identifying and Solving Wideband and impulse noise impairments Application aware test solutions that can testDSL Service Problems impede service quality multiple layers at the same location and time

to identify and solve the service problem

Processing Video Signal delays can cause synchronization Video analyzers that measure timing accuracy,issues for video and its audio timing jitter, and drift to ensure nanosecond resolution

Installing CM service with margin Leaving the home without conducting DOCSIS®-capable triple-play instrument thatproper tests can cause data service measures all key digital parameters includingproblems later resulting in customer two-way DOCSIS communication tests to ensuredissatisfaction and repeat truck rolls there is some margin before services can be affected

Metro

Access

Premises

Regional/Long Haul

Splitter Node

WirelessBase

Station

FTTH Coax TwistedPair

FTTB

FTTN

RemoteDSLAM

OLT

CODSLAM

To DSL ModemTo ONT To Cable Modem To Business

Home Network

Enterprise Network

ServingFacility

Router

Router

ROADM

Optical Amp

Optical Amp

DWDMOptical

Network

VideoHeadend

EthernetSwitch

CMTS

CWDM/DWDMOptical

Network

Switch

InternetVideo

Phone

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Inside the New Broadband Network

Today’s broadband networkrepresents four key components:

Regional/Long Haul andMetro Networksthe fiber optic and networkswitching core network as wellas the network connecting twoor more local area networks,using multiple access methods tocarry voice, video, image, andmultimedia data

Access Networkthe broadband accesstechnologies connecting acustomer location to thenetwork switch or points ofpresence

Premisesthe broadband devices andservices used by a customer inthe home, office, and mobilesettings

As a provider, whether you aredirectly responsible for all or just aportion of these networkcomponents, you need a strategythat guarantees quality of service(QoS) end to end and throughoutthe network life cycle—from designto operation—to give yourcustomers the broadband servicethey require.

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Lighting theWay with Fiber in the“Last Mile”Ensuring End-to-End Performance

Inspect Before You Connect

When time is money, it makes sense to inspectbefore you connect. An OTDR test tool isessential for verifying proper continuity afterfusion splicing for feeder or distributionnetworks. A uni- or bidirectional OTDRmeasurement from the CO at 1310/1550 nmcan be used to qualify the fiber and splices.Actual laying of the fiber may be outsourced insome deployments so that the technicianperforming the install may need only to testthe power level and connectors. In other cases,one person might be responsible for the entirejob and need only an OTDR, power meter, andconnector inspection scope.

Use a PowerMeter toTest PassiveOptical Network Installations andInspect BeforeYou ConnectOptical line terminal (OLT)installation at the headend or CO tocustomer premises are key in buildingthe PON. Upon completion and turn-up, the technician may opt to performpower level checks at the OLT or FDHand the other unit to the fiber to theONT. A power meter is used tomeasure and verify adequate powerflows in both directions. If a problemis detected, the technician can thenuse an OTDR to troubleshoot thenetwork segment.Various OTDRconfigurations may be utilizeddepending upon network topologyand test point access.

Pushing optical fiber much deeper into the access network, in some casesall the way to the customer premises, is an important part of the strategyof nearly every service provider. Passive optical networks (PONs), point-to-point, and other types of fiber optic infrastructure offer the potentialfor practically unlimited bandwidth and also facilitate greater control overthe operation, administration, and provisioning of the access network.

Testing PONFrame Installation and ConnectionAt the fiber distribution hub (FDH), all fibers coming from the centraloffice (CO) are connected to splitters. An optical time domainreflectometry (OTDR) measurement from the CO is recommended toverify splice quality out to the hub, ensuring all fibers are connected to thenetwork. A measurement at 1310/1550 nm is then performed from thehub downstream to check fiber and splice quality.

Testing at the Curb and/or Customer PremisesAt the curb or junction box, prior to connecting the drop cable and at the sideof the house, prior to connecting the drop to the optical termination unit(ONT), the technician should check optical power levels and inspect theconnectors for dirt or contaminants prior to connecting. These quick andeasy-to-perform steps are essential—if problems arise later during theinstallation, any issues with the fiber plant have already been ruled out and theroot issue is either inside the home or upstream in the network.

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Making the DSL Triple Play

Sectionalize and IsolateDSL ProblemsApplication-aware test solutions thatcan test multiple layers at the samelocation at the same time can aidgreatly in isolating problems insmaller networks where there is lessrigid separation of work respon-sibility and no large networkoperations center to monitor everycorner of the network. For example,if you have a customer who isexperiencing video degradation onIPTV service delivered over DSL,you can test the service to make sureit is running clean to the house andupstream to the network.

As DSL technology has evolved from asymmetric DSL (ADSL) to ADSL2+to very high-speed DSL (VDSL2), it has demonstrated the ability to deliverever increasing data rates—enough to deliver triple-play voice, video, anddata services. The high data rates used to deliver broadband services such asInternet Protocol TV (IPTV) place far more demands on the existing copperplant than plain old telephone service (POTS) or even first-generationADSL-based Internet. Pushing the rate and reach curve to offer video andhigh-speed data over the copper plant increases the sophistication of thetesting required to ensure quality of experience (QoE) and QoS.

Addressing Bridged Tap,Wet Sections, and Metallic FaultsBecause an earlier generation of Internet data service was less than 1.5Mbps,common faults and impairments such as bridged taps, wet sections, andmetallic faults often did not prevent achievement of the minimum requiredADSL sync speed. But these previously marginal conditions usually have amuch larger impact on high-speed and video performance.A comprehensiveautomated pair-check test takes the guesswork out of prequalification andtroubleshooting by proactively identifying, locating, and removing theseproblems.

DetectingWideband and Impulse NoiseWideband and impulse noise conditions that were marginal when therewere only a few working DSL pairs in the cable can become sources oftrouble as the number of subscribers increases over time. Additionally,these problems can be intermittent in nature, making them harder todiagnose. The ability to measure wideband and impulse noise in snapshotmode and over time as well as the ability to analyze the noise spectrumover time are essential troubleshooting tools.

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Engineers and technicians struggling with assignments as diverse astracking down and fixing ingress, aligning optical nodes, and providingproof of performance need easy, cost-effective methods for efficientinstallation, qualification, maintenance, and troubleshooting of HybridFiber Coaxial (HFC) networks.

Troubleshooting Return Path Ingress and Noise ProblemsThe number one challenge for cable operators in maintaining high-qualitytwo-way communication services is detecting and resolving return pathingress and noise problems quickly before they negatively impact thecustomer. Because return path noise aggregates from each house when itreturns to the headend, high ingress from one house can degrade the datareliability and quality of the entire node. In order to solve these problems,operators need a return path monitoring and maintenance systempowerful enough to simultaneously monitor performance of the HFCreturn path while supporting field and network operations center (NOC)troubleshooting. It increases network availability for two-way services andhelps to retain the most profitable customers by easily detecting impulsenoise, ingress, and critical path delay (CPD) on all nodes before servicequality is affected. The system also accelerates troubleshooting withoutimpairing monitoring functions or headend personnel by broadcasting livespectrum to the field technicians.

Measurements for DOCSIS Data Carrier HealthHigh packet loss as well as low throughput speeds many times are causedby low downstream carrier quality and poor transmit level at the customerpremises. Digital quality measurements can typically reveal downstreamcarrier quality problems which causes download speed and VoIP call issues.The modulation error ratio (MER) is a measure of the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) in a digitally modulated signal and is good for showing consistentissues such as a constant ingress spike. Bit error rate (BER) measurement isgood for detecting intermittent ingress issues. The cable modem range testcan measure the return transmit level, which will communicate with theheadend cable modem termination system (CMTS) to show how muchmargin remains before communications become disabled. When thetransmit level is at its maximum, data link loss can result when the loss fromthe customer premises to the headend becomes slightly larger. If thetransmit level is too low, ingress from the customer premises will have anincreased effect on data link reliability due to low MER.

Ensuring Performance of HFC Access Networks

Use Sweep to MaintainPeak Performance of YourHFC NetworkOne core requirement of any HFCnetwork with two-way services isensuring sound HFC frequencyresponse in both the forward andreturn paths. Service qualitydepends upon signals with the bestSNR and the lowest intermodulationdistortion. The majority of alltransmission errors, including digitalcarriers, can be detected bymeasuring the frequency response ofthe transmitted signals. Becausesweep results are independent oftransmission methods and formats,they provide the most effective andefficient method for technicians toset up amplifiers with the right gainversus frequency.

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A wide range of technologies—Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA),HomePNA, Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS),HomePlug, WiFi, Ethernet, and traditional quadrature amplitudemodulation (QAM) RF video signals—can be employed in the home.Depending upon the technology, a range of different physical media—coax; category 3, 5, and 6 cable; wireless; home power lines—are used toget content to the physical user.

SpottingWiFi ProblemsWiFi is the dominant method of in-home broadband Internet datadistribution. Typically, non-hardware-failure-related WiFi problems suchas weak signal, same channel interference, or encryption problems accountfor as much as 20 percent of in-home “can’t connect” or “slowconnectivity” problems. The ability to systematically and efficientlyidentify and resolve these problems is critical to controlling service costs.

Mapping In-home InfrastructureSome in-house coaxial and twisted pair networks have undergone severalgenerations of change and expansion as residents switch between cable andsatellite providers and add their own runs. Trying to make sense of theinfrastructure under these circumstances can be a time-consuming, trial-and-error process. Tools that allow the installer to quickly map the in-homeinfrastructure and locate splitters, faults, un-terminated runs and otherissues such as satellite boxes still connected to runs, and saves time andreduces the potential for problems later.

Ensuring Performance of the In-home Network

Homework for the Home

As much as 80 percent or more of post-installation problems with triple-playservice results from issues in the in-home environment. A systematic method ofdiagnosing these problems is essential to avoid wasted time, effort, and money.

Proactively Test Coaxial Cable toPrevent Video over Data (VOD)DegradationCoaxial cable faults and splitters thatcreate excessive loss or noise ingressconditions can reduce the SNR,leading to video packet loss anddegradation of the video service.One common scenario exists wherebroadcast video is delivered usingtraditional QAM RF technology andvideo on demand (VoD) service isdelivered as a separate IPTV stream.The broadcast QAM RF videogenerally has more robust forwarderror correction than typical IP-based VoD, so fault conditions onthe cable can then lead to thedifficult to diagnosis situation wherethe broadcast video works fine butthe VoD service is degraded—on thesame TV. Proactive testing of coaxialcable runs within the home canprevent this scenario from turninginto a trouble call later. Whentroubleshooting, the ability toquickly isolate the problem to thephysical coaxial cable media andreliably locate the affected leg orfault saves time.

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Carrying Broadband Services through Metro Regional Networks

Use an Ethernet Tester forVerificationConfiguration errors in Ethernetswitches and routers can lead toframe loss, delay, and variation withsignificant impact on video quality.Ethernet testers enable technicians toverify the Ethernet link andtransport layer configuration in theCO, video serving offices, and videohub offices.

Whether you are building out your own metro regional networks or usinga partner network to carry broadband services from providers to your edgenetworks, ensuring transport quality will be key for successful broadbandservice deployment. Metro core networks increasingly use IP/Ethernet as apreferred transport technology.

Testing Ethernet to the EdgeMetro IP networks are prone to packet loss so verification of packet andtransport networks is critical to detect any quality degradation that willaffect the customers’ QoE and QoS. Ethernet is the preferred solution formetro/edge/hub transport networks. Operators require the capability oftesting Ethernet networks for appropriate delivery of agreed QoS features.

Validating Link and Transport QualityConfiguration errors in Ethernet switches and routers link and transportlayer parameters can lead to frame loss, frame delay, and frame delayvariation with significant impact on video quality. Ethernet testers enabletechnicians to verify the Ethernet link and transport layer configuration inthe CO, video serving offices, and video hub offices.

Verifying Video Transport Stream QualityIntermittent frame loss and delay variation can also impact the videotransport stream quality. IP video testing at Ethernet switches verifiesquality of Motion Piture Experts Group (MPEG) transport streams.

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Resolving Headend and Core Issues for High-Quality Video

Each stage of broadband service delivery introduces a different set of criteria to validate and different potential issuesto address. The service provider must validate both the physical plant’s ability to carry the bandwidth and the contentleaving the producer and entering the operator’s headend to detect fault conditions. This is true especially for fast-growing video applications.

Validating SourceVideoQualityVideo streams need to be analyzed as they enter the headend prior to encoding to detect problems such as macroblocking, blur, and jerkiness.A digital broadcast test platform can provide real-time analysis to ensure the source videois error-free before it is encoded, multiplexed, or modulated for distribution.

Ensuring Proper Network Element ConfigurationWhen multiplexing and mapping programs, it is vital to ensure that programs are where they are supposed to be andproperly reflected in the program association table and program map table. An analyzer compares the input of themultiplexer with its output to continuously ensure that the configuration is correct and content is properly mapped.

MonitoringDigital Program InsertionBecause network operators increasingly are utilizingDigital Program Insertion (DPI) tomaximize advertising revenue,problems can quickly affect the bottom line. Test equipment should enable you to efficiently test DPI broadcastequipment and monitor and troubleshoot associated MPEG streams with DPI data. This approach rapidly testsmessage formats and identifies errors in splice points or DPI tables, protecting an important revenue source.

ValidateVideoTiming andLip-syncAny time video is processed, there aredelays in the signal. Ensuring thehealth of the reference timing involvesmore than simple jitter measure-ments. The MPEG analyzer measurestiming accuracy, jitter, and drift withnanosecond resolution. The ability tocompare video and audio timing iscritical to diagnose lip-sync issues.Intermittent frame loss and delayvariation can also impact the videotransport stream quality. IP video testsat Ethernet switches verify quality ofMPEG transport streams.

An Elementary Stream Analyzer can be used to test the compressed video frame by frame toidentify violations of encoding specifications and provide detailed information about theframes,macro blocks,motion vectors, and other compression parameters.

TEST

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Assessing Your Network and Enhancing Service Performance

Broadband deployment poses many challenges to service providers.

JDSU has extensive experience working with service providers to create andoptimize operational procedures that enable reliable delivery of advancedservices. JDSU emphasizes deployment methodologies that help you easilydeploy and get services to market quickly and ensure high service quality allwith cost-effective support.

Phase 1—Network and Infrastructure AuditThe JDSU Professional Services team conducts an audit of your networkand operational infrastructure to identify potential issues and their rootcauses to ensure achievement of your business objectives. These issuesrange from network and system architectural flaws to lack of propersurveillance systems and operational procedures.

Phase 2—Field Testing and VerificationJDSU performs a set of targeted field tests to isolate root causes of faultsand to determine specific actions for isolating issues identified during theaudit phase. The actions include preparing test plans, conducting tests,and performing post-test analysis.

Phase 3—Analysis,Modeling, and RecommendationIn the final phase, JDSU provides recommendations with specific actionitems to ensure your network, service architecture, and operationalprocess and practices are maximized for efficient operation.

In addition, we offer various consulting services to address the specificchallenges of deploying and maintaining broadband technologies with aphased program to enable operators to cost-effectively deliver high-qualityservices.

Qualify andValidateYourFiber PlantThe new generation of broadbandnetworks makes it essential to gobeyond basic testing to qualify andvalidate the fiber plant operation athigher speeds to support densewavelength division multiplexing(DWDM) and reconfigurable opticaladd-drop multiplexer (ROADM)upgrades. Characterizing your fiberlinks allows you to determine whichlinks can support which speeds toeasily evaluate older fiber plants, makeevaluations when acquiring plants,and make upgrade plans. In manyrural area build-outs, coarse wave-length division multiplexing (CWDM)provides more moderate bandwidthupgrades at a lower cost with relativeease of deployment.

NORTH AMERICATOLL FREE: 1 866 228 3762FAX: +1 301 353 9216

Test &Measurement Regional Sales

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EMEATEL: +49 7121 86 2222FAX: +49 7121 86 1222

www.jdsu.com/test

Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice. © 2009 JDS Uniphase Corporation 30162877 000 0809 BROADBANDBR.TFS.TM.AE August 2009

A Trusted and Tested Broadband Partner

As you build and operate your broadband network, you can counton JDSU as a valued partner.With more than 175 patents, an installed baseof more than 400,000 test instruments, and an extensive test andmeasurement portfolio, JDSU offers you the expertise and experience tomeet all of your broadband needs.

From testing 100G optical network technology in our labs to providingservice providers with an array of test instruments for a range of broadbandtechnologies, our goal is to help you save time and money while deliveringthe highest quality services.

broadband broadband ACROSS AMERICA

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