BCAbatementMethods+Ratings
AnupdatetoBLG17- INF7
Investigationofappropriatecontrolmeasures(abatementtechnologies)toreduceBlackCarbon
emissionsfrominternationalshipping.
DrDanielLack
2012IMOCommissionedReport
• BCAbatementtechnology–Whichtechnologies–WhatBCabatementpotential
• Shortlistoftechnologies• Assessmentofcostforimplementation
2017Update• JustBCabatementtechnologiesandpotential.• Samemethodologyas2012report.• Literaturereviewedà peerreviewedresearch,industryreporting,onlinematerials.
• Focusonstudieswithmarineengines.– Someguidancetakenfromothersectors.
• InclusiveofallavailablemethodsofBCmeasurement.– DirectBC,fuelconsumption,particlesize/mass
• Alldataincludedunlesssomeobviousbiasorerror.• AdditionalfocusonBClinktofuelqualityparameters.• RecommendationsforBCmeasurement.
2012Findings
***Importanttorealise thesenumbersaretheresultofanaverageofallstudies.***
***Formostabatementoptionstherewasnomorethan5studiestodrawfrom.***
2017Findings
Significantchangesto:1) DPF– Lowandhighsulfurfuel2) Scrubbers3) FuelSwitching
DieselParticulateFilters85%à 99%(lowSfuel)
• MoststudiesonDPFwithlowsulfurfuelshowremovalrates>=99%.
• StudiesonDPFwithhighsulfurfuelshowremovalratesfrom80– 90%.
• 2studiesadvancinghighsulfurDPFtechnology.• Numerouscommercialsuppliersandin-servicedemonstrations.
Scrubbers60%à 45%
• LimitedprogressduetominimaluseofexplicitBCmeasurement.
• TwostudiesshowedBCremovalof~30%àcombinedwith2012dataà downgradeto45%midrangeabatement.
• Rangeisaslargeas20– 90%dependingontechnology.
• Post2020implicationsof0.5%fuelScap.
HFO– Distillate45%à 33%
• 16studies,57datapoints(all2012datare-analysed).
• 2017assessmentcompares“residual”to“distillate”fuels.
• 85%ofdatashowedBCê.• Other15%,majorityweretestbedengineswithsomeshowinginconsistencieswithinserviceoperation.
FuelParametersandBCEmissions
• BCemissionsfrombiodieselshowalinktoO2contentoffuel.– e.g 20%biodieselblendsà 10-30%BCreduction
• ResearchfromothersectorsshowBCemissionsincreaseaspoly-aromaticcontentincreases.
• RecentstudiesshowBCreductionsarelinkedtoachangefromresidualtodistillatefuels(ratherthanashifttolowsulphur residuals).
• AnanalysisofBClinktoaromaticcontentwaslimitedbylackofdata.
Conclusions– BCReductions
• LNG: 93.5%• DPF: 85%à 99% lowSfuel• DPF: 85%à 85% highSfuel• WiFE: 70%• Scrubbers: 65%à 45% highSfuel• Scrubbers: 37.5% lowSfuel• HFO– Distillate:45%à 33%• SlowSteaming: 15%
Conclusions- Post2020Implications
• DPFà technologyneededfor<0.5%sulphurfuel.
• Scrubbersà goodremovalratesforallfuels,betterforhighsulphur fuel.
• Mixingofhighsulphur residualsw/lowsulphur residualstoachieve<0.5%fuel
Conclusions– OtherFindings• Stillverylimiteddatasetsformosttechnologies.• TestonscrubbersrequireexplicitBCmeasurement.
– BCreductionforhighSfuelislikelylargerbutneedBCmeasurement.• NeedreportingoffuelparametersforanyBCmeasurement
campaigns.• EncourageuseandrefinementofBCmeasurementprotocols.• HFO– Distillatefindingsaremorerobustduetoanincreaseindata
points.– Thisissignificantduetothecomplexityandvariabilityofthesystem.
• LinkofBCemissionstoaromaticcontentinothersectorsisrobust.Recommendexperimentsonresidualanddistillateshipfuels.
