Bca Project.doc111

Enrolment no.: 084627482

CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVE

1.1 Introduction

This is the Project Report On School Management System. It provides us

the information about student record, school faculty, school timetable, school fee,

school examination result and library management. The system provide the

flexibility of generating the required documents on screen as well as on printer as

and when required.

No organisation can function properly without a supply of data to give the

essential information for decision-making. It is essential that the data and

information should reach the people who need them quickly and in correct format.

SMS capabilities include the basics such as transcripts, report cards,

attendance, and discipline as well as many other specialized capabilities, including

parental access to real time student grades on the Internet. This means that not

only administrators but also parents, teachers, and students have access to real-

time data. With traditional reporting methods parents may not find out how their

student is performing in school until the end of the quarter or semester -- usually

too late to correct a problem situation. SMS allows parents to know how their

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student is doing on a continual basis by using the internet. SMS can even send

electronic progress reports to parents via email on a weekly, monthly, or even

daily basis. The School Management System (SMS) will replace the paper-based

data collection and information exchange system among the various departments

of a particular school.

Rather than use lots of different systems to manage this information,

many schools use a School Management System (sometimes called a School

Information System, or SIS). This is a system that manages all of a school's data

in a single, integrated application.

Having all of the information in a single system allows schools to more

easily connect data together.

School Management System (SMS) consists of tasks such as registering

students, attendance record keeping to control absentees, producing report cards,

producing official transcript, preparing timetable and producing different reports

for teachers, parents and other stakeholders.

The school management system automates most of day to day task

and hence increases the productivity and performance of the administrative staff

which leads to better valued image of the school before the parent sand society

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1.2 Objectives

The objectives of the proposed system would be to overcome the

problems faced in the manual system. Updating records would not be a problem

and also cross checking of records in the proposed system would not be required.

General Objective

The general objective of the project is to automate the SMS. The

objective of developing such a computerization system is to reduce the paper work

and safe of time in school management. There by increasing the efficiency and

decreasing the workload.

Specific Objectives

In order to attain the general objective, the following list of specific

objectives is set:

To develop an offline registration system.

To facilitate attendance record keeping.

To facilitate various report generation.

To allow teachers, parents, school community and Education bureau

officials to view reports on students.

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To produce a timetable.

Purpose Of Sms

The main purpose of School Management Systems (SMS) is to help

schools manage various operations including student data, administrative, and

fundraising operations. School management systems make the information flow

quicker and more accessible. They provide teachers with useful tools to decrease

the daily routine of simple tasks which could be automated. Parent interest usually

is to have a better and quicker way to communicate with teachers of their children

or the school administration. They get more involved as they can get up-to-date

information about the school events, grades, children school attendance,

homeworks etc. Teachers get automated reports and average grades in the end of a

semester. Children have a list of the home tasks, digital learning materials. It saves

a lot of time for the people involved in analyzing of the school performance as all

statistics are presented automatically.

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CHAPTER – 2

TOOLS/ENVIRONMENTS & CATEGORY USED

2.1 Tools and Platform

This project is developed using the tools, which are most suited for

development of the Application Package.

These tools are as follows :

Tools : C++

System Requirements: Windows Platform

Platform: Windows 2000, Windows XP , Windows Vista

Internet Technologies : UML (Unified Modeling Language)

2.2 Hardware and Software Requirement Specification

HARDWARE

Processor : Intel P4 CPU 1.6 GHz and above

Memory : 256 MB RAM or more

Hard Disk : 40 GB

Moniter : preferably colour

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Printer

SOFTWARE

Operating System : Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP

Language : C++

2.3 Project Category

This project as title “School management system” is comes under the

Object Oriented Programming (OOPS). It uses object oriented technology to

develop the system. This application can also be run on the network environment

so it can be said as network application.

This category include C++ language with Window XP operating system.

CHAPTER - 3

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OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING PARADIGM

3.1 Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

A major challenge for software engineering today is to improve the

software programming process as modern software life cycle has been changing

very dramatically wherein the code re-usability, reliability and maintainability are

the key features. The very aim of using an object oriented programming

language is to handle a complex software design in a very easy, simple and

efficient manner. Redesigning and maintaining the source code costs much more

than the reusability of the source code. The turnover time and software cost are

drastically brought down. The main aim of designing the C++ language is to

support both a procedure oriented style and an object oriented programming

paradigm. In that sense, C++ is a hybrid language which support both the

procedural as well as object oriented programming styles.

Softwares designed using object oriented technology can meet up the

challenges of large real systems by enhancing the ability to produce reliable and

maintainable code. Through object oriented programming and design, such

software can naturally evolve to meet changing needs.

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Object Oriented programming, or OOP, is a software development

philosophy based on the following central ideas :

Encapsulation

Inheritance

Information hiding

Data abstraction and

Polymorphism

Object is the basic unit of object oriented programming. Designing an

object-oriented model involves defining a set of classes. A class is a template from

which objects are created. The template, provided by the class specifies a set of

data and methods that all objects created according to its specification will contain.

Hence, the object oriented programming approach has the advantage

of producing more reliable softwares for complex and large-scale systems.

3.2 Features Of OOP

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Some striking features of object oriented programming are :

Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.

Programs are divided into objects.

Data Structures are designed, such that they characterize the objects.

Functions that operate in the data of object are tied together in the data

structure .

Data is hidden and cannot accessed by external functions.

Objects may communicate with each other through functions.

New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.

Follows bottom up approach in program design.

Object Oriented Programming provides major advantages

in the creation and maintenance of software. These include shorter development

time and a high degree of code sharing and flexibility. These advantages make

object oriented programming an important technology for building complex

software system now and in the future.

3.3 Introduction to C++

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C++ is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language that is viewed

by many as the best language for creating large-scale applications. C++ is not only

derived from C but also a superset of the C language. C++ is the multi paradigm,

compile, free form , general purpose, statistically typed programming language.

This is known as middle level language as it comprises of low level and high level

language features.

OOP and design is all about objects. An object has both state (data)

and behaviour (operation of data). Object are the fundamental building blocks for

designing a software. Object is the basic unit of OOP. Designing an object-

oriented model involves defining a set of classes. A class is a template from which

objects are created. Once a class is defined , any number of objects of that class

are easily created. A class is thus a collection of objects of similar type.

Features Of C++

The main features of the C++ are :

Classes

Inheritance

Data abstraction and encapsulation

Polymorphism

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Dynamic Binding

Message Passing

Classes: By using classes we can create user defined data types. In other words the

class is the collection of set of data and code. The class allows us to do some

things which are polymorphism, inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation which are

our next features. The objects are the instances of classes.

The syntax for class is :

Class <class-name>

{

//Body of class;

};

Inheritance: Inheritance allows one data type to acquire properties of other data

types. Inheritance from a base class may be declared as public, protected, or

private. If the access specifier is omitted, a “class” inherits privately, while a

“struct” inherits publicly. This provides the idea of reusability that means we can

add the new features to an existing class without modifying it.

Data Abstraction and Encapsulation: Encapsulation means hiding of data from

the data structures or in other words wrapping up of data in single entity is known

as Encapsulation. In this the data is not accessible to outside world and only the

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functions are allowed to access it. When we want to write the class in which we

don’t have the knowledge about the arguments used to instantiate it then we can

use templates in C++. Abstraction can be defined as the act of representing

essential features without including background details.

Polymorphism: it means that the one interface can be used for many

implementation so that object can behave differently for each implementation. The

different types of polymorphism are static (Compile time) and dynamic (Run

time).

Dynamic Binding: It means that the linking of a procedure call to code to be

executed in response to the call. A function call associated with a polymorphic

reference depends on the dynamic type that reference. And at run-time the code

matching the object under current reference will be called.

Message Passing: An object oriented program consists of the set of objects that

communicate with each other. objects communicate with one another by sending

and receiving information much the same way as people pass messages to one

another. The concept of message passing makes it easier to direct model or

simulate their real world counterparts.

3.4 Unified Modeling Language

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Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized general-purpose

modeling language in the field of Object-Oriented software engineering.

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a language for specifying,

visualizing, constructing and documenting the artifacts of software systems, as

well as for business modeling and other non-software systems. The UML

represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven successful in

the modeling of large and complex systems.

The UML defines various types of Diagrams. They are Class diagram,

Object diagram, Use Case diagram, Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram,

Statechart diagram, Activity diagram, Component diagram and Deployment

diagrams.

CHAPTER -4

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FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEM

4.1 Features of School Management System 5.1 Features of School

Management System

Automation of School Office Administration.

Connects all Education Stakeholders Administrator, Teachers, Students and

Parents.

Student information management system with SMS integration for sending

various SMS alerts.

Fully fledged Library Management System.

Fees Management – Printing fee receipts, generating reports, sms parents for

fees dues.

Time Table Management.

Student feedback system (Feedback of the students about the subject,

teaching, etc).

Attendance Management.

Student Attendance. Staff Attendance.

Customized Report Generation .

Staff / Student ID card Management System.

Preparation of Annual Confidential Report.

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Exam result, student performance, fees due dates to parents.

4.2 Advantages of the System

1. Manual effort is reduced and speedy and accurate reports are generated.

2. Data security is maintained on a departmental level.

3. High degree of security and safety according to international standards.

4. High degree of transparency of the institution through the Web.

5. Better co-ordination between departments.

6. Student conveniences extended beyond the classroom.

7. Overall reduction of operating costs; and savings on time and efforts.

8. Easy to learn, use and implement.

9. A good marketing tool.

10. Highly streamlined and effective workflow of administration and

academia.

11. Workload on entire staff, administration, clerical and teaching is heavily

reduced.

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12. Over time a knowledge base will be built-up which will be extremely

useful for the management in future.

13. Does a total re-engineering of the administrative mechanism.

14. Ensures greater efficiency.

15. Integration of administrative functions.

16. Better quality of service.

17. User level access rights are implemented so that users without sufficient

rights will not be able to access the system, thereby increasing the security.

18. Single Point School Management Software.

19. Zero redundancy in managing the entire institutions records.

20. Complete online and offline functionality leaving nothing unturned to

bring it as an effective management system.

21. Achieve global outlook and exposure for the institute and its constituents.

22. Save man hrs and money in lots of communication aspects.

23. Save man hrs in managing information with automation.

24. Get connected to parents and alumni in an effective manner.

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25. Single software handing everything saves a lots of investment in different

software and management issues.

26. Things like HTML enhanced e-mail system on institutes web site act as an

effective brand building tool.

27. Better informed decision making for management.

28. Total Cost-Control (expenditure and income).

29. All departments are linked through the central database.

30. Inter-departmental paper based transactions become a thing of the past.

31. Parents have access to all academic information about their wards through

the internet.

4.2.1 Advantage for Students

1. Students can view all there results through internet as soon as it is

announced.

2. They can get the intimation about special events like sports, Holiday,

cultural events & excursion as soon as it is announced.

3. All the queries regarding certificates, Marks Card can be given through

mail and a copy will be sent to him instantly through internet.

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4.2.2 Advantage for Parents

1. The parent will get to know about there child's absence to the class with in

10 minutes from the time of commencement of the class.

2. Parents will regularly get the details about Parents Meeting, Results,

Cultural function, fee, excursion & special events as soon as it is

announced.

3. An SMS will be sent to the parents when the results are announced.

4. If parents require any detailed information about there child, they can place

a request through mobile or mail and will be sent to them within 12 hours.

5. Every parent is given a login id so that they can view there child's result

and overall performance.

CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

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System Analysis

The goal of system analysis is to determine where the problem is in an

attempt to fix the system. This step involves breaking down the system in different

pieces to analyze the situation, analyzing project goals, breaking down what needs

to be created and attempting to engage users so that definite requirements can be

defined.

5.1 Functional Requirements

The functional requirements of the system are:

• register a student,

• record attendance of students,

• generate various reports,

• generate timetable.

5.2 Non Functional Requirements

Security requirements are important factors in this system as classified data

will be stored in the database. User validation will be done during login to insure

that the user is valid and that the user only has access to his or her permission data.

General users will only have access through the user interface.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_breakdown_structure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_analysis


The system will be easily maintained by the developer or other authorized trained

person and it shall respond as fast as possible in generating report and producing

the timetable.

5.3 Software Requirement Specification (SRS)

Proper planning and complete understanding of software requirement is

essential for the success of a software development effort. No matter how well

designed or well coded, a poorly analysed and specified program well disappoint

the user and bring grief to the developer. Thus , analysis of the program is the first

in the software development.

The analysis task is the process of discovery, refinement , modeling and

specification. It enables the system engineer to specify function and performance,

indicate software’s interface with other system elements and establish constraints

that the software must meet. It allow the analyst to refine the software allocation

and build models of data, functions and behavioral domains that will be treated by

the software. This phase provides the software designer with models that can be

translated in to data, architectural, interface and procedural design.

Finally, it provides the developer and the customer with the means to access

quality of the software once it is built. In analysis phase we “IDENTIFY THE

NEEDS” of the School by enquiring and meeting staff and management

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personnel this helps us to know how the existing system is functioning and what

difficulties they are facing with the present system. The overall performance is

gathered by conducting the interviews, filling the questionnaires and by review of

manuals.

1. Introduction

1.1) Purpose :

The purpose of this section of report is to describe the system requirements

imposed on School Management System. Developer will use it for the software

Design and Construction and testing for verification of the product during the

Software Testing Phase shall use it.

The parents of students are very busy now days, so they can’t monitoring

their children and their activities properly and regularly.This school management

system helps the parents monitor their children from anywhere. They can check

their children's academic performance from a remote location.

1.2 Scope :

On the basis of the initial investigation the solution approach was adopted

and the working strategy in the form of SRS ( software requirement specification )

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was submitted to the training in –charge. After thoroughly studying our solution

appproach the SRS was approved. The working strategy followed is

Linear/Waterfall model which is based on linear approach wheare the design

processes is dividing into three stsges, starting from analysis where feasibility is

studied to designing of the process then to its implementation and finally the

testing stage where the software is tested to find and remove bugs in any. The

scope of this section of report shall remain thoughout the life cycle of the software.

Any change in the requirement leads to change in the subsequent phases of the life

cycle. School Management System is comprehensive web-based School

Management Software. It will design for better interaction between students,

teachers, parents & management.

2. General Description :

2.1 Product Function Summary :

The Characteristics of “School Management System” are as follows :

• This application is intended to only Parents of the student.

• Every parent of student gets the Login Id & password at the time of addmission

of the student in the school.

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• Parents can Check their childs performance, also they can check attendence of

their child in the school.

• Parents are able to see progress and Result of their child.

• Parents can see fee structure, Syllabus & homework or assignments & tutorials

given to student.

2.2 User Characteristics :

Students : They are the people who studying in the school.

Parent : They are the guardians of the student.

Teacher : They are persons who teach a different subject.

Admin/Principal :They are the person who handle all over management of the

school.

2.3 General Constraints :

2.3.1 Interface Constraints :

Since, this is a Web based application so it should work on major browsers like

Internet explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera etc.

2.3.2 Safety and Security Constraints :

Since, application is intended for the authenticated users only, so anonymous

person should not be able to access and operate over the user data.

3. External Interface Requirements :

3.1 User Interface :

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Since this is a Web based application so it should provide a very User friendly

interface. It should be easy to navigate without any learn curve involved. A decent

and pleasant appearance with ease of navigation should helps to users.

3.2 Software Interface :

The communication between client and server is asynchronous. This will help to

handle a large amount of users simultaneously. The portal should support all major

web browsers that will make it convenient for the user to access our system with

ease.

3.3 Hardware Interface:

The hardware requirement at the user end is really simple and the Portal will be

available on the hardware that can run a basic simple browser, provided the

hardware should be competent enough during peak times for the web servers.

4. Non Functional Requirements

4.1 Performance Requirements :

The portal should be able to operate on all major web-browsers with all of its

fundamental functions . It should not slow-down the system

even at peak hours without affecting the quality of service of the system.

4.2 Security Requirements :

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The system should provide a secure login to the users by using advanced secure

login algorithms and provide access only to the authorized users as security is

the key requirement of this system.

4.3 Software Quality Attributes :

System should be-

Consistent in performance

Safe and Secure

Robust

Scalable

Flexible

User friendly

Efficient

Inter-operable

Upgradable

Available all the time.

5.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD’S)

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Figure 5.1 : DFD of School Registration System

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Figure 5.2 : DFD Of School Management

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Figure 5.3: Student Information System is as follows.

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5.5 Analysis Model

To produce a model of the system which is correct, complete and

consistent we need to construct the analysis model which focuses on structuring

and formalizing the requirements of the system.

Analysis model contains three models: functional, object and dynamic

models. The functional model can be described by use case diagrams. Class

diagrams describe the object model. Dynamic model can also be described in

terms of sequence, state chart and activity diagrams.

For the purpose of this project we have described the analysis model in

terms of the functional model and dynamic models using use case and sequence

diagrams.

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Figure 5.4 : Use Case Diagram of School Administration and management

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5.4.1 Use case Diagram

Actors

There are six types of actors in the system namely administrator, teacher,

assistant, chairman, secretary/student affair, chairman, and student. The actors have

access via the online interface of the system which requires authorization.

Use Cases

The Use Case diagram for the system is shown in Figure 5.5. As can be seen

from the diagram each actor has access to different Use Case, but some of them

overlap.

The administrator is able to manage such resources as faculty, department,

room, hour, authorities, calendar, semester, and person. It means that Administrator

can add modify and delete information related to those resources.

The teacher able to view information about course, attendance, exam, grade,

and schedule of course he is giving. Also he is able to update attendance, grade, and

syllabus of the course he is giving and, create new exams.

The student is able to view information about course, attendance, exam,

grade, and schedule of course he is taking..

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Chairman is able to view information about course, attendance, exam results,

grades, student details, teacher evaluation results, and curriculum of his department.

Also he is able to update course, schedule and curriculum of his department. In

addition he can open new course and approve students add/drop and add courses to

list of courses student selected.

.

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Use cases of the system are identified to be ,“RecordAttendance”,

“GenerateTranscript”, “GenerateReportCard”, “ViewReport” and

“ProduceTimetable”.

Figure 5.6 : Use Case Diagram of the SMS

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Figure 6.9 : Analysis Of SMS

Figure 5.7 : Analysis Of SMS

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Teacher

Director

Secretary

Student

SchoolStructure

SubjectRegistration

School Staff

TeachingProcess

SubjectOrganization

StudentRegistration

TeachingSession

<<

exte

nd

s>>


5.3.2 Class Diagram

The class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an

application. Class diagram is not only used for visualizing, describing and

documenting different aspects of a system but also for constructing executable

code of the software application.

The class diagram shows a collection of classes, interfaces, associations,

collaborations and constraints. It is also known as a structural diagram.

The purpose of the class diagram is to model the static view of an

application. The class diagrams are the only diagrams which can be directly

mapped with object oriented languages and thus widely used at the time of

construction.

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Figure 5.8 : Class diagram of SMS

5.3.4 Sequence Diagram

Sequence diagrams show the interaction between participating objects in

a given use case. They are helpful to identify the missing objects that are not

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identified in the analysis object model. To see the interaction between objects, the

following describe the sequence diagram of each identified use cases.

In Figure 5.9 below, once the user has activated the registration module

by interacting with the boundary object “NewRegisterationButton” button, the

control object named “RegistrationControl” manages the activities involved in

“registerStudent” use case. First the ”RegistrationControl” creates registration

form which will be filled by the secretary and submitted. The registration control

sends the record to a persistent storage.

The sequence diagrams for “RecordAttendance”, “GenerateTranscript”,

“ViewReport“ and “GenerateTimetable” use cases are shown in figures 5.10, 5.11,

5.12 and 5.13 respectively.

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Figure 5 .9 : Sequence diagram for Student Registration

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Figure 5.10 : Sequence diagram for Recording Attendance

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Figure 5.11 : Sequence Diagram for Transcript Generation

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Figure 5.12 : Sequence Diagram for viewing student status by the parents

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Figure 5.13 : Sequence Diagram for generating Timetable

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CHAPTER 6

SYSTEM DESIGN

System Design

Based on the user requirements and the detailed analysis of the existing

system, the new system must be designed. This is the phase of system designing. It

is the most crucial phase in the developments of a system. The logical system

design arrived at as a result of systems analysis is converted into physical system

design. Normally, the design proceeds in two stages:

1. Preliminary or General Design

2. Structured or Detailed Design

1. Preliminary or General Design:

In the preliminary or general design, the features of the new system are specified.

The costs of implementing these features and the benefits to be derived are

estimated. If the project is still considered to be feasible, we move to the detailed

design stage.

2. Structured or Detailed Design:

In the detailed design stage, computer oriented work begins in earnest. At this

stage, the design of the system becomes more structured. Structure design is a blue

print of a computer system solution to a given problem having the same

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components and inter-relationships among the same components as the original

problem. Input, output, databases, forms, codification schemes and processing

specifications are drawn up in detail. In the design stage, the programming

language and the hardware and software platform in which the new system will

run are also decided.

6.1 Design Goals

Design goals describe the qualities of the system that developers should optimize.

Such goals are normally derived from the non-functional requirements of the

system.

Design goals are grouped into five categories. These are :

• Performance

• Dependability

• Maintenance

• End User Criteria

3. Performance Criteria

The part of the system to be used for the record office should have a fast response

time (real time) with maximum throughput. Furthermore, the system should not be

taking up too much space in memory. The record officer has chosen fast response

time over throughput and hence the system should try to be more interactive. In

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the case of the timetabling subsystem, the system should be more reliable in order

to satisfy the constraints than fast response time.

4. Dependability

The school needs the system to be highly dependable as it is expected to be used

by non-IT professionals. The system should be robust and fault tolerant.

Furthermore, as the system is handling sensitive data of the school, high emphasis

should be given with regards to security, as there are subsystems to be accessed

through web.

5. Maintenance

The system should be easily extensible to add new functionalities at a later stage.

It should also be easily modifiable to make changes to the features and

functionalities.

6. End User Criteria

Usability: Usability is the extent to which a product can be used by specified users

to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a

specified context of use. From the end users’ perspective the system should be

designed in such a way that it is easy to learn and use, efficient and having few

errors if any.

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Trade-off is inevitable in trying to achieve a particular design goal. One

best case is the issue of security versus response time. Checking User-Id and

Password before a member can enter to the SMS creates response time

problem/overhead. The other case is the issue of response time versus quality.

There is some amount of time taken by the system to generate the timetable. So

the user has to wait a little after telling the system to generate the timetable and

getting the result to get a quality timetable.

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6. 2 DATABASE DESIGN ( TABLES USED )

1. STUDENT

SNO. FIELD NAME DESCRIPTION

1 S_ID Student ID

2 S_NAME Student Name

3 F_NAME Student Father Name

4 REG_NO Student Registration Number

5 ROLL_NO Student Roll Number

6 DOB Student Date Of Birth

7 PHONE Student Phone Number

8 ADDRESS Student Address

2. ATTENDANCE

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S.NO FIELD NAME DESCRIPTION

1 STUDENT_ID Student Id

2 STATUS Status Of Student

3 REMARKS Remarks Of Student

4 ATTEN_DATE Date Of Attendance


3.

STAFF

4. LIBRARY

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1 EMP_ID Employee ID

2 EMP_NAME Employee Name

3 ADDRESS Employee Address

4 MOBILE Employee Mobile Number

5 EMAIL Employee Email ID

6 M_STATUS Employee Martial Status

7 DOB Employee Date Of Birth

8 DEPT Employee Department Name

9 NATURE _OF_JOB Employee Job

10 BASIC_PAY Employee Basic Pay


1 BOOK_ID C ode Of Book

2 BOOK_TITLE Title Of Book

3 BOOK_AUTHOR Author Of Book

4 ISSUE_TO Book Is Issued To Student


5. FEE

6.

EXAM


1 S_ID Student ID

2 S_NAME Student Name

3 S_CLASS Student Class

4 H_T_ISSUE Hall Ticket Issued To Student

5 CENTRE_CODE Exam Centre Code

6 E_CENTRE Exam Centre Code

7. RESULT

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2 ROLLNO Student Roll Number

3 S_CLASS Student Class

4 FEE_DEP Fee Deposit By Student

5 DEP_DATE Date Of Deposition

6 FINE Fine Paid By Student


CHAPTER - 7

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

System Development Life Cycle

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by a systems

analyst to develop an information system, including requirements, validation,

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SNO FIELD NAME DESCRIPTION


2 SUBJECT_NAME Subject Name Of Student

3 MAX_MARKS Maximum Marks Obtained

4 PASS_MARKS Maximum Pass Marks

5 MARKS_OBT Marks Obtained By Student

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification_and_validation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirements

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analyst

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analyst


training, and user (stakeholder) ownership. Any SDLC should result in a high

quality system that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion

within time and cost estimates, works effectively and efficiently in the current and

planned Information Technology infrastructure, and is inexpensive to maintain and

cost-effective to enhance.

The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used

in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system

development project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the

completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to

guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC

method), rapid application development (RAD), joint application development

(JAD), the fountain model and the spiral model. Mostly, several models are

combined into some sort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial

regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is

usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better

for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor

for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed.

System life cycle is an organizational process of developing and

maintaining systems. It helps in establishing a system project plan, because it

53

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Technology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training


gives overall list of processes and sub-processes required for developing a system.

System development life cycle means combination of various activities. In other

words we can say that various activities put together are referred as system

development life cycle. In the System Analysis and Design terminology, the

system development life cycle also means software development life cycle.

54


Figure 7.1 : System Development Life Cycle

Following are the different phases of system development life cycle:

1. Preliminary study

2. Feasibility study

3. Detailed system study

55


4. System analysis

5. System design

6. Coding

7. Testing

8. Implementation

9. Maintenance

The image below is the classic Waterfall model methodology,

which is the first SDLC method and it describes the various phases involved in

development.

56


Different Phases of Software Development Life Cycle are:

7.1 Preliminary System Study

Preliminary system study is the first stage of system development life cycle. This

is a brief investigation of the system under consideration and gives a clear picture

of what actually the physical system is? In practice, the initial system study

involves the preparation of a ‘System Proposal’ which lists the Problem

Definition, Objectives of the Study, Terms of reference for Study, Constraints,

Expected benefits of the new system, etc. in the light of the user requirements. The

system proposal is prepared by the System Analyst (who studies the system) and

places it before the user management. The management may accept the proposal

and the cycle proceeds to the next stage. The management may also reject the

proposal or request some modifications in the proposal. In summary, we would

say that system study phase passes through the following steps:

problem identification and project initiation

background analysis

inference or findings (system proposal)

57


7.2 Feasibility

In case the system proposal is acceptable to the management, the next phase is to

examine the feasibility of the system. The feasibility study is used to determine if

the project should get the go-ahead. If the project is to proceed, the feasibility

study will produce a project plan and budget estimates for the future stages of

development.

7.3 Requirement Analysis and Design

Analysis gathers the requirements for the system. This stage includes a detailed

study of the business needs of the organization. Options for changing the business

process may be considered. Design focuses on high level design like, what

programs are needed and how are they going to interact, low-level design (how the

individual programs are going to work), interface design (what are the interfaces

going to look like) and data design (what data will be required). During these

phases, the software's overall structure is defined. Analysis and Design are very

crucial in the whole development cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be

very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software development. Much care

is taken during this phase. The logical system of the product is developed in this

phase.

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7.4 Implementation

In this phase the designs are translated into code. Computer programs are written

using a conventional programming language or an application generator.

Programming tools like Compilers, Interpreters, Debuggers are used to generate

the code. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language

is chosen.

7.5 Coding

The system design needs to be implemented to make it a workable system. This

demands the coding of design into computer understandable language, i.e.,

programming language. This is also called the programming phase in which the

programmer converts the program specifications into computer instructions, which

we refer to as programs. It is an important stage where the defined procedures are

transformed into control specifications by the help of a computer language. The

programs coordinate the data movements and control the entire process in a

system.

It is generally felt that the programs must be modular in nature. This helps

in fast development, maintenance and future changes, ifrequired.

59


7.6 Testing

In this phase the system is tested. Normally programs are written as a series of

individual modules, these subject to separate and detailed test. The system is then

tested as a whole. The separate modules are brought together and tested as a

complete system. The system is tested to ensure that interfaces between modules

work (integration testing), the system works on the intended platform and with the

expected volume of data (volume testing) and that the system does what the user

requires (acceptance/beta testing).

7.7 Maintenance

Inevitably the system will need maintenance. Software will definitely undergo

change once it is delivered to the customer. There are many reasons for the

change. Change could happen because of some some unexpected input values into

the system. In addition, the changes in the system could directly affect the

software operations. The software should be developed to accommodate changes

that could happen during the post implementation period.

60


CHAPTER – 8

MODULES AND REPORTS

8.1 MODULES

The School Management System consists of many modules.

Each module can be accessed by a restricted group of users.

Modules of School Management System are :

ADMISSION

The module manages the registration and admission process of both new and

the old students. Fully integrated with the accounts section, this module allows

admission and registration manageable and removes complications arising

from human errors.

Old and new students are automatically treated differently based on the pre

provided information.

STUDENT RECORDS

The Student Records Management module enables effective management of

comprehensive records on each student such as student personal particulars

along with Photograph, attendance, co-curriculum activities, achievement,

61


discipline, previous school information, school leaving information and

parent/guardian. The system will eliminate duplicate effort on numerous

manual processes and paperwork.

ATTENDENCE

Attendance section plays different roles for Students and Employees. Student’s

attendance details act as a tool to identify irregularities in the academic

interests of the students. The same can be used to assess the student and give

individual attention to the causes of repetitive or long absences.

The Attendance module is responsible for storing and representing

of information related with students attendance for each course. This module can

be accessed by all users accept administrators. Student can view own attendance,

whether other users can view and modify the information stored by module

FEE MANAGEMENT

The Fee Module of is the one of the most automated fee calculation module

available in the market. Apart from being automated it is, at the same time,

flexible enough to accommodate the varying nature of fee payments that most

of the institutions come across. Fee calculation is done on the basis of Category

62


selected for the student.

The module automatically calculates the pending fees, previous fee payment

details, deductions and concessions if any applicable to the selected student. In

addition to the above, the user is also provided the option to allow payment of

more than one month/fee-cycle fee whichever applicable.

The module enables effective management of Fee records of each student.

User-defined fee structure and category can be maintained. Automated bill

generation option enhances the system dependability. Fee Receipt can be

accepted by the system with few mouse clicks. At any point of time user can

check collections made and outstanding with single click.

REPORT CARD / AUTOMATED EXAMINATION REPORT CARD

GENERATION

The Grade module is responsible for representing and storing of

records related with students grades taken from exams. The module can be

accessed by teachers and students. The permissions for this module are the

same as for Exam module.

LIBRARY

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The Library module enables effective management of School Library. With a

single click books can be allotted and you can keep check on limits like No of

books to be issued, Value of books that can be issued to Students/Staff. It

allows various features like reservation of books, books searching, obsolete /

spoil books, Library members report, fine collection report, Daily issue

register, Accession Register with various conditions

STAFF RECORDS

The Staff Records Management module allows user to store academic and non-

academic staff info such as personal details, pay band details, grade pay details,

USER ACCESS

With robust and flexible security features, user access to each of the modules is

based on the user role (s) as defined in the system. In addition, functions that

could be performed by each user role can be easily defined. An appointed

System Administrator maintains an audit log that shows records of all access to

your database in the system for viewing.

64


SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

This module will enable the System Administrator to perform system and

database backup/restore functions. The System Administrator may view the

Audit Log, which records all users’ access to the database. An event log that

captures unsuccessful or unauthorized logon to the system is also available.

STUDENT & STAF ID CARD

The system allows you to print students and staff ID cards. Information such as

student name, student number and class that are automatically extracted from

the student records will be printed on the student ID card. Whereas for staff,

the staff name, staff number and job title/grade can be printed on staff ID card.

REPORTS

The Report Module is the vital module of School Management System which

generates numerous reports that includes fee details, administration, library,

student details, employee’s details and many more. Data navigates through all

modules and the desired reports can be generated by a button click.

65


8.2 Reports

The Report Module includes the following reports :

Student Details:

The student report displays the report regarding students. This section has

the following reports:

o Admission Wise

o Age Wise

o Gender Wise

o Class Wise

o Complete Student Details

o Roll Number Wise

66


Class Details:

The class details reports displays the report regarding class details. This

section includes the following reports:

o Class Charges

o Class Subject

o Examination Scheduling

Administration Report:

The administration report displays the reports regarding institution

administration. This section has the following reports:

o Donation

o Occurrence

Library Details:

The library report displays the reports regarding institution's library. This

section has the following reports:

o Books in Library

o Issued Books

67


o Overdue Books

o Fine Details

o Stock Details

Fee Details Report:

The fee details report displays the reports regarding fee. This section of

report includes the following reports.

o Admission Fee Receipt

o Monthly Fee Receipt

o Fee Due

o Fee Collection Report

o Fee Report

Employee Details:

The transportation report displays the institution's transportation details.

This section includes the following reports:

o Personal Details

o Department/ Designation wise Details

68


o Teacher Subject

Time Table Report

The time table report displays the reports regarding time table. This section

includes the following reports:

o Class Time Table

o Teacher Time Table

Mark Sheet Report:

The mark sheet report displays the report regarding class wise mark sheet.

This section includes the following reports:

o Single Student

o Class Wise

o Consolidated Sheet Class Wise

o Subject Topper

o Student Card

69


Attendance Report:

The attendance report displays the attendance report for students as well

employees. This section includes the following reports:

o Student Attendance Details

o Employee Attendance Details

70


CHAPTER - 9

CODING

/* SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM */

#include<iostream.h>#include<graphics.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include<process.h>#include<iomanip.h>#include<fstream.h>#include<string.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<conio.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<ctype.h>#include<math.h>#include<bios.h>#include<dos.h>#include<dir.h>

struct marks_criteria{

int sc_min,com_min,arts_min, seat_sc, seat_com, seat_arts;}crit;

class School_Management_System{ public:

void Admission_Management();void Student_Management();void Staff_Management();void Library_Management();void Fees_Management();

void Examination_Management();

71


void Report_Card_Management();void menu();

};

class student1{

private:char name[20];int regno,m_eng,m_math,m_sc,m_sst,m_lang;int pref_code, stream;

public:void new_file();void input_data();void allot_stream();int get_stream();void display();int show_per(){

return((m_eng+m_math+m_sc+m_sst+m_lang)/5);}

};

void clear();void input_criteria();void read_criteria();void read_student1();void create_eligible_sc();void create_eligible_com();void create_eligible_arts();void read_eligible_sc();void read_eligible_com();void read_eligible_arts();char * stream_name(int strm);void select_list( char *in_file, char *out_file);student1 s;void School_Management_System::Admission_Management(){

72


clrscr();fstream fin, fout;fstream fsc, fcom, farts;int opt=1, ch;while(opt!=8){

clrscr();clear();cout<<"\n\t=========== MENU OF ADMISSION MANAGEMENT ==========\n";cout<<"\n\t[1] CREATE ADMISSION CRITERIA";cout<<"\n\n\t[2] ENTER STUDENT'S DATA ";cout<<"\n\n\t[3] ALLOTMENT OF STREAM";cout<<"\n\n\t[4] DISPLAY CRITERIA FOR SELECTION";cout<<"\n\n\t[5] DISPLAY ALLOTMENT OF STUDENT'S STREAM";cout<<"\n\n\t[6] DISPLAY ALL STUDENT'S REGISTERED";cout<<"\n\n\t[7] CREATE / DISPLAY MERIT LIST";cout<<"\n\n\t[8] BACK TO MAIN MENU";cout<<"\n\t====================================================\n";cout<<"\n\n\t\tEnter your choice : ";cin>>opt;switch(opt){case 1:

input_criteria();break;

case 2: int option; clrscr(); cout<<"\n What do u want --\n\n\n\n\n\tCreate a new student information file or

Append to the existing file?\n\n\t(press 1 for new creation and 2 for appending)\n \n \n" ; cin>>option; if(option==1) {

s.new_file(); } else {s.input_data();

73


}break;

case 3:clrscr();read_student1();fin.open("student1" ,ios::in|ios::out);fsc.open("elig_sc",ios::out);fcom.open("eligcom",ios::out);farts.open("eligart",ios::out);while(fin.read((char*)& s,sizeof(s))){

s.allot_stream();s.get_stream();if(s.get_stream()==1)fsc.write((char*)& s,sizeof(s));if(s.get_stream()==2)

fcom.write((char*)& s,sizeof(s));if(s.get_stream()==3)

farts.write((char*)& s,sizeof(s));}fin.close();fsc.close();fcom.close();farts.close();cout<<"\n\n\tSTREAM ALLOCATION DONE.";break;

case 4:read_criteria();clear();cout<<"\n Sc : "<<crit.sc_min;cout<<"\n Com : "<<crit.com_min;cout<<"\n Sc : "<<crit.arts_min;break;

case 5:cout<<"\n Enter 1 for Sc, 2 for Com, 3 for Arts : ";cin>>ch;if (ch==1)

read_eligible_sc();

74


if (ch==2)read_eligible_com();

if (ch==3)read_eligible_arts();

break;case 6:

clrscr() ;read_student1();break;

case 7:char c;int k=1;cout<<"\n****************************************";cout<<"\n M E R I T L I S T";cout<<"\n ==================";cout<<"\n\tEnter 1 for MERIT LIST SCIENCE ";cout<<"\n\tEnter 2 for MERIT LIST COMMERCE ";cout<<"\n\tEnter 3 for MERIT LIST ARTS \t";cout<<"\n****************************************";cin>>k;if (k==1){

select_list("elig_sc","sell_sc");fin.open("sell_sc",ios::in);

}if (k==2){

select_list("eligcom","sellcom");fin.open("sellcom",ios::in);

}if (k==3){

select_list("eligart","sellart");fin.open("sellart",ios::in);

}if(k>=1 && k<=3){

while(fin.read((char*)& s,sizeof(s)))

75


{s.display();cout<<"\n\t Continue (y/n)?";cin>>c;if(c=='n')break;}

}fin.close();fin.close();fin.close();break;

case 8:break;

} } }// END OF WHILEvoid student1::allot_stream(){

int per=(m_eng+m_math+m_sc+m_sst+m_lang)/5;read_criteria();switch(pref_code){ case 1: if(per>=crit.sc_min) stream=pref_code; else stream=0; break;case 2: if(per>=crit.com_min) stream=pref_code; else stream=0; break;case 3: if(per>=crit.arts_min)

76


stream=pref_code; else stream=0; break;}

}int student1::get_stream(){ return(stream);}void input_criteria(){ fstream fout; fout.open("criteria" ,ios::in|ios::out); cout<<"\n Enter the required marks for SCIENCE stream(in percentage) : "; cin>>crit.sc_min; cout<<"\n Enter No. of Seats for SCIENCE stream : "; cin>>crit.seat_sc; cout<<"\n Enter the required marks for COMMERCE stream(in percentage) : "; cin>>crit.com_min; cout<<"\n Enter No. of Seats for COMMERCE stream : "; cin>>crit.seat_com; cout<<"\n Enter the required marks for ARTS stream(in percentage) : "; cin>>crit.arts_min; cout<<"\n Enter No. of Seats for ARTS stream : "; cin>>crit.seat_arts; fout.write((char*)& crit,sizeof(crit)); fout.close();}void read_criteria(){ fstream fin; fin.open("criteria" ,ios::in); fin.read((char*)& crit,sizeof(crit)); fin.close();}

void student1::input_data()

77


{ clrscr(); fstream fin; fin.open("student1",ios::app|ios::out); char t[2], ans; while(1) { cout<<"\n Enter the name of the student : "; gets(name); cout<<"\n\n Enter the roll of the student : "; cin>>regno; cout<<"\n\n Enter marks in eng : "; cin>>m_eng; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in math : "; cin>>m_math; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in science : "; cin>>m_sc; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in sst : "; cin>>m_sst; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in language : "; cin>>m_lang; cout<<"\n\n=========STREAM PREFERED ?=========== \n"; cout<<"\t"<<"[1] for SCIENCE\n"; cout<<"\t"<<"[2] for COMMERCE\n"; cout<<"\t"<<"[3] for ARTS "; cout<<"\n\n\t ENTER PREFERENCE CODE : \n "; cin>>pref_code; stream=-1; fin.write((char*)&s,sizeof(s)); cin.getline(t,2); cout<<"\n\tEnter More Student ? (y/n)"; cin>>ans; if(ans=='n') break;}fin.close();}

78


void student1::new_file(){ clrscr(); fstream fin; fin.open("student1",ios::out); char t[2], ans; while(1) { cout<<"\nEnter the name of the student : "; gets(name); cout<<"\n\nEnter the roll of the student : "; cin>>regno; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in eng : "; cin>>m_eng; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in math : "; cin>>m_math; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in science : "; cin>>m_sc; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in sst : "; cin>>m_sst; cout<<"\n\nEnter marks in language : "; cin>>m_lang; cout<<"\n\n"; cout<<"=========STREAM PREFERED?========= \n"; cout<<"\t"<<"[1] for SCIENCE\n"; cout<<"\t"<<"[2] for COMMERCE\n"; cout<<"\t"<<"[3] for ARTS "; cout<<"\n\n\t ENTER PREFERENCE CODE : \n"; cin>>pref_code; stream=-1; fin.write((char*)&s,sizeof(s)); cin.getline(t,2); cout<<"\n\t Enter More Student ? (y/n) : "; cin>>ans; if (ans=='n') break; }fin.close();

79


}void student1::display(){ cout<<"\n============================================\n"; cout<<"\n\tNAME : "<<name; cout<<"\n\tREGISTRATION NO. : "<<regno; cout<<"\n\tPERCENTAGE OF MARKS : "<<( (m_eng+m_math+m_sc+m_sst+m_lang)/5)<<"%"; cout<<"\n\tSTREAM APPLIED FOR : "<<stream_name(pref_code); cout<<"\n============================================\n";}void read_student1(){ fstream fin; char c; fin.open("student1" ,ios::in); while(fin.read((char*)& s,sizeof(s))) { s.display(); cout<<"\n\tPress any no. to continue "; cin>>c; cout<<"\n"; }fin.close();}void read_eligible_sc(){ char ans; fstream fout; fout.open("elig_sc",ios::in); fout.seekg(0); while(fout.read((char*)& s,sizeof(s))) { s.display(); cout<<"\n\t Continue (y/n)? "; cin>>ans; if(ans=='n') break; }

80


fout.close();}void read_eligible_com(){ char ans; fstream fout; fout.open("eligcom",ios::in); while(fout.read((char*)& s,sizeof(s))) { s.display(); cout<<"\n\t Continue (y/n)? "; cin>>ans; if(ans=='n') break; }fout.close();}void read_eligible_arts(){ char ans; fstream fout; fout.open("eligart",ios::in); while(fout.read((char*)& s,sizeof(s))) { s.display(); cout<<"\n\t Continue (y/n)? "; cin>>ans; if(ans=='n') break; }fout.close();}void clear(){ for(int i=1;i<=24;i++) cout<<"\n";}

81


char * stream_name(int strm){ switch(strm) { case 1:

return("Science"); case 2:

return("Commerce"); case 3:

return("Arts"); default:

return("None"); }}void select_list( char *in_file, char *out_file){ fstream sel, fin; int n=0, i,j; student1 sl[100], t; sel.open(out_file, ios::out); fin.open(in_file,ios::in); while(fin.read((char*)& sl[n],sizeof(s))) { n++; } cout<<"\nNo of Eligible Students = "<<n<<"\n"; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++) { if ( sl[i].show_per()<sl[j].show_per()) {

t=sl[j];sl[j]=sl[i];sl[i]=t;

} } }

82


for(i=0;i<n;i++) { sel.write((char*)& sl[i],sizeof(s)); } sel.close(); fin.close();}getch();

/*******************************************// STUDENT MANAGEMENT*******************************************/

int menu(int,int,int,char a[25],char b[25],char c[25],char d[25],char e[25],char sl1[2],char sl2[2],char title[40],char under[2]);void menu1();void student_menu();void man();void mark_menu();int records=0;

void message(int x,int y,int lines,char a[50],char b[50],char c[50], char d[50],char e[50],char f[10],int back)

{int l,i,j;char f1[10];l=strlen(a);if(l<strlen(b)) l=strlen(b);if(l<strlen(c)) l=strlen(c);if(l<strlen(d)) l=strlen(d);if(l<strlen(e)) l=strlen(e);if(l<strlen(f)) l=strlen(f);l+=4;

83


textbackground(back);for(i=1;i<l+2;i++)for(j=1;j<lines+4;j++) { gotoxy(i+x,j+y); cputs(" "); }gotoxy(x,y);cputs("É");for(i=x+1;i<l+x+1;i++) { gotoxy(i,y); cputs("Í"); gotoxy(i,y+lines+3); cputs("Í"); }gotoxy(x+1+l,y);cputs("»");for(i=y+1;i<lines+4+y;i++) { gotoxy(x,i); cputs("º"); gotoxy(x+l+1,i); cputs("º"); }gotoxy(x,y+lines+3);cputs("È");gotoxy(x+l+1,y+lines+3);cputs("¼");j=l-strlen(a);j=j/2;gotoxy(j+x+1,++y);cputs(a);j=l-strlen(b);j=j/2;gotoxy(x+j+1,y+1);cputs(b);j=l-strlen(c);

84


j=j/2;gotoxy(x+j+1,2+y);cputs(c);j=l-strlen(d);j=j/2;gotoxy(x+j+1,3+y);cputs(d);j=l-strlen(e);j=j/2;gotoxy(x+j+1,4+y);cputs(e);j=l-strlen(f)-3;j=j/2;gotoxy(x+j+1,y+lines+1);strcat(f1," ");strcat(f1,f);strcat(f1," ");textbackground(BLACK);cputs(f1);textcolor(BLACK);for(i=0;i<lines+3;i++) { gotoxy(x+l+2,i+y); cputs("Û"); }for(i=1;i<l+3;i++) { gotoxy(x+i,y+lines+3); cputs("ß"); }}struct s_date{int dd,mm,yyyy;};//DEFINING OF Stuctures

struct student2

85


{char address[30];char fname[30];int redgno;s_date dob;char clas[5];char name[20];int sub1,sub2,sub3,sub4,sub5,total;float avg,pre;char div[10];char st_code[10];}s2[10];/****************************Function To Add Data***************************/void add() { textbackground(16); textcolor(7); int i=0; char ch='y'; char fn[20]; fstream file; do { records++; ss: clrscr(); int st; int t_redg,mark; gotoxy(20,2); cout<<"Students Data Collector"; gotoxy(20,3); cout<<"======================="; gotoxy(19,7); cout<<"Enter The Following"; gotoxy(19,8); cout<<"Registaration No:"; gotoxy(36,8); cin>>t_redg;

86


s2[i].redgno=t_redg; gotoxy(20,10); cout<<"Name :"; gotoxy(35,10); gets(s2[i].name); gotoxy(20,12); cout<<"Address :"; gotoxy(35,12); gets(s2[i].address); gotoxy(20,14); cout<<"Father's Name :"; gotoxy(35,14); gets(s2[i].fname); gotoxy(20,16); cout<<"Class :"; gotoxy(35,16); gets(s2[i].clas); gotoxy(20,18); cout<<"Date Of Birth :DD MM YYYY"; gotoxy(35,18); cin>>s2[i].dob.dd>>s2[i].dob.mm>>s2[i].dob.yyyy; sa: clrscr(); gotoxy(20,2); cout<<"Student Data Entry Form"; gotoxy(20,3); cout<<"======================="; gotoxy(10,7); cout<<"Enter The Stream Code:\n1.Science Stream\n2.Commerce Streame"; gotoxy(32,7); cin>>st; switch(st) { case 1:strcpy(s2[i].st_code,"Science"); break; case 2:strcpy(s2[i].st_code,"Commerce"); break; default:cout<<"\n\t\t\tInvalid Type.\n\nDo you want to continue?(Y/N)...";

87


cin>>ch; if (ch=='y'||ch=='Y') { clrscr(); goto sa; } else add();

} clrscr(); gotoxy(20,2); cout<<"Student Data Entry Form"; gotoxy(20,3); cout<<"======================="; gotoxy(10,5); cout<<"Enter The Following Marks"; gotoxy(10,10); cout<<"Sub1(Eng/Eng):"; //Sub 1 gotoxy(30,10); cin>>s2[i].sub1; gotoxy(10,12); cout<<"Sub2(Math/A/C):"; //Sub 2 gotoxy(30,12); cin>>s2[i].sub2; gotoxy(10,14); cout<<"Sub3(Phy/Eco):"; //Sub 3 gotoxy(30,14); cin>>s2[i].sub3; gotoxy(10,16); cout<<"Sub4(Chem/B.st):"; //Sub 4 gotoxy(30,16); cin>>s2[i].sub4; gotoxy(10,18); //Sub 5 cout<<"Sub5(Bio/Comp):"; gotoxy(30,18); cin>>s2[i].sub5; s2[i].total=s2[i].sub1+s2[i].sub2+s2[i].sub3+s2[i].sub4+s2[i].sub5; if((s2[i].sub1<33)||(s2[i].sub2<33)||(s2[i].sub3<33)||(s2[i].sub4<33)||(s2[i].sub5<33)) strcpy(s2[i].div,"Fail");

88


else if(s2[i].total>=375) strcpy(s2[i].div,"Distintion"); else if((s2[i].total>=300)&&(s2[i].total<375)) strcpy(s2[i].div,"First Class"); else if((s2[i].total>=250)&&(s2[i].total<300)) strcpy(s2[i].div,"Second Class"); else if(s2[i].total<165) strcpy(s2[i].div,"Fail"); strcat(fn,s2[i].name); strcat(fn,".txt"); file.open(fn,ios::out); if(!file) { gotoxy(25,79); cout<<"."; } file<<" Report Card Of "<<s2[i].name <<"\nRegistration Number:"<<s2[i].redgno<<"\nClass:"<<s2[i].clas <<"\nAddress:"<<s2[i].address<<"\nFather's Name:"<<s2[i].fname <<"\nDate Of Birth:"<<s2[i].dob.dd<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.mm<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.yyyy <<"\nStream:"<<s2[i].st_code<<"\n\n\-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

\nSubject Marks\n-------------\nSubject 1 :" <<s2[i].sub1<<"\nSubject 2 :"<<s2[i].sub2<<"\nSubject 3 :"<<s2[i].sub3 <<"\nSubject 4 :"<<s2[i].sub4<<"\nSubject 5 :"<<s2[i].sub5 <<"\nTotal :"<<s2[i].total<<"\nGrade :"<<s2[i].div; file.close(); i++; gotoxy(10,22); cout<<"Want More Record To Be Written?(Y/N)......"; cin>>ch; }while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y'); if(ch=='n'||ch=='N') student_menu(); }/******************************Function To Modify Marks**********************/void mod() { int regno,flag=0,i;

89


char ch; student2 te; clrscr(); cout<<"\n\nEnter The Reg No to be modified:"; cin>>regno; for(i=0;i<10;i++) { if(s2[i].redgno==regno) { flag=1; cout<<"\nSubject 1 :"<<s2[i].sub1; cout<<"\nDo you want to change this?[y/n]"; ch=getch(); if(ch=='y') { cout<<"\nEnter New Value:"; cin>>te.sub1; s2[i].sub1=te.sub1; } cout<<"\nSubject 2 :"<<s2[i].sub2; cout<<"\nDo you want to change this?[y/n]"; ch=getch(); if(ch=='y') { cout<<"\nEnter New Value:"; cin>>te.sub2; s2[i].sub2=te.sub2; } cout<<"\nSubject 3 :"<<s2[i].sub3; cout<<"\nDo you want to change this?[y/n]"; ch=getch(); if(ch=='y') { cout<<"\nEnter New Value:"; cin>>te.sub3; s2[i].sub3=te.sub3; } cout<<"\nSubject 4 :"<<s2[i].sub4;

90


cout<<"\nDo you want to change this?[y/n]"; ch=getch(); if(ch=='y') { cout<<"\nEnter New Value:"; cin>>te.sub4; s2[i].sub4=te.sub4; } cout<<"\nSubject 5 :"<<s2[i].sub5; cout<<"\nDo you want to change this?[y/n]"; ch=getch(); if(ch=='y') { cout<<"\nEnter New Value:"; cin>>te.sub5; s2[i].sub5=te.sub5; } } } if(flag==0) cout<<"Invalid Reg No!"; }/***********************Function To Initialize Graphics**********************/void graph() { int graphdriver = DETECT, graphmode; initgraph(&graphdriver, &graphmode, ""); }/****************************Function To Make Menus**************************/int menu(int xi,int y,int num,char a[25],char b[25],char c[25],char d[25],char e[25],char sl1[2],char sl2[2],char title[40],char under[2]){char ch;int key,x=4,sl=1,l,i;clrscr();l=strlen(title);gotoxy(xi,y-2);cout<<title;cout<<"\n";

91


gotoxy(xi,y-1);for(i=0;i<l;i++)cout<<under; gotoxy(xi,y); cout<<sl1<<a<<sl2; gotoxy(xi,y+1); cout<<" "<<b; gotoxy(xi,y+2); cout<<" "<<c; gotoxy(xi,y+3); cout<<" "<<d; gotoxy(xi,y+4); cout<<" "<<e; gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:1"; key=bioskey(0);while (key!=7181) { switch(key) { case 18432: clrscr(); //UP l=strlen(title); gotoxy(xi,y-2); cout<<title; cout<<"\n"; gotoxy(xi,y-1); for(i=0;i<l;i++) cout<<under;

switch(x){case 4: if (num==4) goto up4;else if (num==3) goto up3;else if (num==2) goto up2;gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<" "<<a;gotoxy(xi,y+1);cout<<" "<<b;gotoxy(xi,y+2);

92


cout<<" "<<c;gotoxy(xi,y+3);cout<<" "<<d;gotoxy(xi,y+4);cout<<sl1<<e<<sl2;gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:5";sl=5;if (num==5) x=2;else x=1;break;case 2: up4:gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<" "<<a;gotoxy(xi,y+1);cout<<" "<<b;gotoxy(xi,y+2);cout<<" "<<c;gotoxy(xi,y+3);cout<<sl1<<d<<sl2;gotoxy(xi,y+4);cout<<" "<<e;gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:4";sl=4;if (num==5) x=3;else if (num==4) x=3;else x=1;break;case 3: up3:gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<" "<<a;gotoxy(xi,y+1);cout<<" "<<b;gotoxy(xi,y+2);cout<<sl1<<c<<sl2;gotoxy(xi,y+3);cout<<" "<<d;gotoxy(xi,y+4);cout<<" "<<e<<" ";

93


gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:3";sl=3;x=1;break;case 1: up2:gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<" "<<a;gotoxy(xi,y+1);cout<<sl1<<b<<sl2;gotoxy(xi,y+2);cout<<" "<<c;gotoxy(xi,y+3);cout<<" "<<d;gotoxy(xi,y+4);cout<<" "<<e;gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:2";sl=2;if (num==5) x=5;else if (num==2) x=5;else x=5;break;case 5: gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<sl1<<a<<sl2;gotoxy(xi,y+1);cout<<" "<<b;gotoxy(xi,y+2);cout<<" "<<c;gotoxy(xi,y+3);cout<<" "<<d;gotoxy(xi,y+4);cout<<" "<<e;gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:1";sl=1;if (num==5) x=4;else if (num==2) x=1;else if (num==3) x=3;else if (num==4) x=2;break;

94


default:cout<<"Wrong!!2"<<x;getch();exit(0);}

break; case 20480: clrscr(); //DOWN l=strlen(title); gotoxy(xi,y-2); cout<<title; cout<<"\n"; gotoxy(xi,y-1); for(i=0;i<l;i++) cout<<under;

switch(x){case 1: gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<" "<<a<<"\n"<<" "<<b<<"\n"<<" "<<c<<" \n"<<" "<<d<<" \n"<<sl1<<e<<sl2;gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:5";sl=5;x=5;break;case 2: gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<" "<<a<<"\n"<<" "<<b<<"\n"<<" "<<c<<" \n"<<sl1<<d<<sl2<<"\n "<<e<<" \n";gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:4";sl=4;if (num==4) x=5;else x=1;break;case 3: gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<" "<<a<<"\n"<<" "<<b<<"\n"<<sl1<<c<<sl2<<"\n "<<d<<" \n"<<" "<<e<<" ";gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:3";sl=3;if (num==5) x=2;else if (num==3) x=5;else x=2;break;case 4: gotoxy(xi,y);

95


cout<<" "<<a<<"\n"<<sl1<<b<<sl2<<"\n "<<c<<" \n"<<" "<<d<<" \n"<<" "<<e<<" \n";gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:2";sl=2;if (num==5) x=3;else if (num==2) x=5;else x=3;break;case 5: gotoxy(xi,y);cout<<sl1<<a<<sl2<<"\n "<<b<<"\n"<<" "<<c<<" \n"<<" "<<d<<" \n"<<" "<<e<<" \n";gotoxy(xi,y+num+1);cout<<"Enter Your Choice:1";sl=1;if (num==5) x=4;else if (num==2) x=4;else x=4;break;default:cout<<"Wrong!!2"<<x;getch();exit(0);}

break;case 283:sl=6; goto end;case 561:sl=1;goto end;case 818:sl=2;goto end;case 1075:sl=3;goto end;case 1332:sl=4;goto end;case 1589:sl=5;goto end;case 1846:sl=6;goto end;case 7181:goto end;default:break; } key=bioskey(0); }end:return sl;}/***********************************Final Screen*****************************/void man(){

96


int d=DETECT,m,i;initgraph(&d,&m," ");settextstyle(7,0,7);randomize();for(i=0;i<5800;i++)putpixel(random(800),random(600),random(15)+1);outtextxy(10,150," See you again!");getch();closegraph();}********************************Menu To View Marks**************************/void view() { int opt,i,reg,flag=0; char n[20],ch; view: opt=menu(1,5,5,"1.View All","2.Search Reg No","3.Show Failers","4.Read From File"

,"5.Back","[","]", "Dispay Menu","="); switch(opt) { case 1: //Show All Marks for(i=0;i<10;i++) { clrscr(); if(s2[i].redgno!=NULL) { cout<<" Report Card Of "<<s2[i].name <<"\nRegistration Number:"<<s2[i].redgno<<"\nClass:"<<s2[i].clas <<"\nAddress:"<<s2[i].address<<"\nFather's Name:"<<s2[i].fname <<"\nDate Of Birth:"<<s2[i].dob.dd<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.mm<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.yyyy <<"\nStream:"<<s2[i].st_code<<"\n\n\-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

\nSubject Marks\n-------------\nSubject 1 :" <<s2[i].sub1<<"\nSubject 2 :"<<s2[i].sub2<<"\nSubject 3 :"<<s2[i].sub3 <<"\nSubject 4 :"<<s2[i].sub4<<"\nSubject 5 :"<<s2[i].sub5 <<"\nTotal :"<<s2[i].total<<"\nGrade :"<<s2[i].div; cout<<"\n\nPress Any Key To Continue.."; getch();

97


} else break; } break; case 3:clrscr(); //Show Failers for(i=0;i<records;i++) { if((s2[i].sub1<33)||(s2[i].sub2<33)||(s2[i].sub3<33)||(s2[i].sub4<33)||(s2[i].sub5<33)) { cout<<" Report Card Of "<<s2[i].name <<"\nRegistration Number:"<<s2[i].redgno<<"\nClass:"<<s2[i].clas <<"\nAddress:"<<s2[i].address<<"\nFather's Name:"<<s2[i].fname <<"\nDate Of Birth:"<<s2[i].dob.dd<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.mm<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.yyyy <<"\nStream:"<<s2[i].st_code<<"\n\n\-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

\nSubject Marks\n-------------\nSubject 1 :" <<s2[i].sub1<<"\nSubject 2 :"<<s2[i].sub2<<"\nSubject 3 :"<<s2[i].sub3 <<"\nSubject 4 :"<<s2[i].sub4<<"\nSubject 5 :"<<s2[i].sub5 <<"\nTotal :"<<s2[i].total<<"\nGrade :"<<s2[i].div; cout<<"\n\nPress Any Key To Continue..."; flag=1; getch(); } } if(flag==0) { cout<<"No Failers Found"; getch(); view(); } break; case 2:clrscr(); //Search By Reg No cout<<"\n\n\tEnter Number To Be Searched:";cin>>reg; for(i=0;i<10;i++) { if(s2[i].redgno==reg) { cout<<" Report Card Of "<<s2[i].name

98


<<"\nRegistration Number:"<<s2[i].redgno<<"\nClass:"<<s2[i].clas <<"\nAddress:"<<s2[i].address<<"\nFather's Name:"<<s2[i].fname <<"\nDate Of Birth:"<<s2[i].dob.dd<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.mm<<"-"<<s2[i].dob.yyyy <<"\nStream:"<<s2[i].st_code<<"\n\n\-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

\nSubject Marks\n-------------\nSubject 1 :" <<s2[i].sub1<<"\nSubject 2 :"<<s2[i].sub2<<"\nSubject 3 :"<<s2[i].sub3 <<"\nSubject 4 :"<<s2[i].sub4<<"\nSubject 5 :"<<s2[i].sub5 <<"\nTotal :"<<s2[i].total<<"\nGrade :"<<s2[i].div; flag=1; getch(); } } if(flag==0) { cout<<"Record Not Found"; getch(); view(); } break; case 4: //Read File clrscr(); cout<<"\n\n\tEnter Name Of Student:"; gets(n); ifstream fil; strcat(n,".txt"); fil.open(n); while(!fil.eof()) { fil.get(ch); cout<<ch; } cout<<"\n\nPress Any Key To Continue..."; getch(); break; case 5:student_menu(); //Exit default:student_menu(); }

99


goto view; }/******************************Student Menu*********************************/void student_menu() { textbackground(16); textcolor(15); unsigned int tredg; char ch='y',ch1; do { clrscr(); ch1=menu(1,5,3,"1.Add Students","2.Display Student","3.Back","","","[","] "

,"Student Menu","="); switch(ch1) { case 1:clrscr(); //Marks

add(); break;

case 2:clrscr(); //View Marks view(); break;

case 3:menu1(); //Main Menu getch(); break;

case 6:menu1(); //Main Menu getch(); break;

default:cout<<"\n\nWorng Choice!!"; } cout<<"\n\nDo You Want to Continue?(Y/N)"; cin>>ch; } while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y'); menu1(); }

/*********************************Main Menu**********************************/

100


void menu1(){textbackground(16);textcolor(LIGHTGRAY);char ch1;do{clrscr();ch1=menu(1,5,4,"1. Students Details","2. Modify Students","3. Help","4. Exit"

,""," [","]","Student Information System","=");switch(ch1){case 1:clrscr(); //Student Menu student_menu(); break;case 2:clrscr(); //Marks Menu mark_menu(); break;//case 3:help();// break;case 4:clrscr(); //Exit // updown(); man(); exit(0); break;case 6:clrscr(); //Exit// updown();// man();// exit(0); break;default:cout<<"\n\nWorng Choice!!";}}while(ch1==4);}/**********************************Marks Menu********************************/void mark_menu(){textbackground(BLACK);textcolor(WHITE);

101


int t_redg,i,opt,flag=0;char ch='y',na[20];do{clrscr();gotoxy(1,25);cout<<"Press Esc to Quit";opt=menu(1,5,3,"1.Modify Student","2.Remove Student","3.Back",

"",""," [","] "," Menu","=");switch(opt){case 1: clrscr(); //Modify Student

mod();getch();mark_menu();break;

case 2: clrscr(); //Delete Studentcout<<"Which Student Do you want to Delete\nEnter Reg No:";cin>>t_redg;for(i=0;i<10;i++) { if(s2[i].redgno==t_redg) { strcat(na,s2[i].name); strcat(na,".txt"); remove(na); cout<<"The Record of "<<s2[i].name<<" is removed."; flag=1; break; } }if(flag==0) cout<<"Record not found";mark_menu();break;

default:menu1();}gotoxy(30,25);

102


cout<<"Do you want to Continue?(Y/N)...";cin>>ch;}while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y');if(ch=='n'||ch=='N')menu1();}/******************************Main Function*********************************/void School_Management_System::Student_Management(){clrscr();clrscr();menu1();getch();}

/********************************************// STAFF MANAGEMENT********************************************/

class staff{ protected: int code; char name[20]; public: void getstaff(void) {

cout<<"\n\nEnter code : ";cin>>code;cout<<"Enter name : ";cin>>name;

} void dispstaff(void) {

cout<<"\nNAME : "<<name;cout<<"\nCODE : "<<code;

}};

103


class teacher : public staff{ char sub[20]; char pub[20]; public: void create(void) {

getstaff();cout<<"Enter Subject : ";cin>>sub;cout<<"Enter Publication : ";cin>>pub;

} void display(void) {

dispstaff();cout<<"\nSUBJECT : "<<sub;cout<<"\nPUBLICATION: "<<pub;

}};class officer : public staff{ char grade; public: void create(void) {

getstaff(); cout<<"Enter Grade : "; cin>>grade;


dispstaff(); cout<<"\nGRADE : "<<grade;

}};lass typist : public staff{

104


float speed; public: void gettypist(void) {

getstaff();cout<<"Enter speed (wpm): ";cin>>speed;

} void disptypist(void) {

dispstaff();cout<<"\nSPEED : "<<speed;

}};class casual : public typist{ float dailywages; public: void create(void) {

gettypist();cout<<"Enter Daily Wages : ";cin>>dailywages;


disptypist();cout<<"\nDAILY WAGES: "<<dailywages;

}};void School_Management_System::Staff_Management(){ clrscr(); teacher o1t[10]; casual o1c[10]; officer o1o[10]; int choice,i; char test;

105


while(1) { int count; start: clrscr(); cout<<"\n=====MENU OF STAFF MANAGEMENT=====\n\n\n"; cout<<"\n Choose Category of Information\n"; cout<<"\n\n 1) Teachers\n"; cout<<"\n\n 2) Officer\n"; cout<<"\n\n 3) Typist\n"; cout<<"\n\n 4) BACK TO MAIN MENU\n"; cout<<"\n=======================================\n"; cout<<"\n\n Enter your choice : "; cin>>choice; switch(choice) { case 1 : while(1)

{ clrscr(); cout<<"\n=====TEACHERS INFORMATION=====\n\n"; cout<<"\nChoose your choice\n"; cout<<"\n 1) Create\n"; cout<<"\n 2) Display\n"; cout<<"\n 3) Jump Back\n"; cout<<"\n Enter your choice:-"; cin>>choice; switch(choice) { case 1 :

for(count=0,i=0;i<10;i++) { cout<<endl; o1t[i].create(); count++; cout<<endl; cout<<"\n\nAre you Interested in entering data\n"; cout<<"Enter y or n:-";

106


cin>>test; if(test=='y' || test=='Y')continue; else goto out1; } out1: break;

case 2 : for(i=0;i<count;i++)

{cout<<endl; o1t[i].display(); cout<<endl;

} getch(); break; case 3 :

goto start; } }

case 2 : while(1) { clrscr();cout<<"\n=====OFFICERS INFORMATION=====\n\n";cout<<"\nChoose your choice\n";cout<<"1) Create\n";cout<<"2) Display\n";cout<<"3) Jump Back\n";cout<<"Enter your choice:-";cin>>choice;switch(choice){ case 1 :

for(count=0,i=0;i<10;i++){cout<<endl;o1o[i].create();

107


count++; cout<<endl; cout<<"\n\nAre you Interested in entering data\n"; cout<<"Enter y or n:-"; cin>>test; if(test=='y' || test=='Y')continue; else goto out2; } out2: break;

case 2 : for(i=0;i<count;i++) { cout<<endl; o1o[i].display(); cout<<endl; }

getch(); break; case 3 :

goto start; } }

case 3 :while(1){clrscr();cout<<"\n=====TYPIST INFORMATION=====\n\n";cout<<"\nChoose your choice\n";cout<<"1) Create\n";cout<<"2) Display\n";cout<<"3) Jump BACK\n";cout<<"Enter your choice:-";cin>>choice;switch(choice){ case 1 :

108


for(count=0,i=0;i<10;i++) {

cout<<endl; o1c[i].create(); count++; cout<<endl; cout<<"\n\nAre you Interested in entering data\n"; cout<<"Enter y or n:-"; cin>>test; if(test=='y' || test=='Y')continue; else goto out3; } out3: break;

case 2 : for(i=0;i<count;i++)

{ cout<<endl; o1c[i].display(); cout<<endl;

} getch(); break; case 3 :

goto start; }

} case 4 :

goto start; } } end: }/********************************************// LIBRARY MANAGEMENT********************************************/// CLASS USED IN PROJECT

109


class book{

char bno[6]; char bname[50]; char aname[20];public:void create_book(){

cout<<"\nNEW BOOK ENTRY...\n"; cout<<"\nEnter The book no."; cin>>bno; cout<<"\n\nEnter The Name of The Book "; gets(bname); cout<<"\n\nEnter The Author's Name "; gets(aname); cout<<"\n\n\nBook Created..";

}void show_book(){

cout<<"\n Book no. : "<<bno;cout<<"\n Book Name : ";puts(bname);cout<<"Author Name : ";puts(aname);

}void modify_book(){

cout<<"\nBook no. : "<<bno;cout<<"\nModify Book Name : ";gets(bname);cout<<"\nModify Author's Name of Book : ";gets(aname);

}char* retbno(){

return bno;}void report()

110


{cout<<bno<<setw(30)<<bname<<setw(30)<<aname<<endl;

}}; //class ends hereclass student{

char admno[6];char name[20];char stbno[6];int token;public:void create_student(){

clrscr();cout<<"\nNEW STUDENT ENTRY...\n";cout<<"\nEnter The admission no. ";cin>>admno;cout<<"\n\nEnter The Name of The Student ";gets(name);token=0;stbno[0]='/0';cout<<"\n\nStudent Record Created..";

}void show_student(){

cout<<"\nAdmission no. : "<<admno;cout<<"\nStudent Name : ";puts(name);cout<<"\nNo of Book issued : "<<token;if(token==1)cout<<"\nBook No "<<stbno;

}void modify_student(){

cout<<"\nAdmission no. : "<<admno;cout<<"\nModify Student Name : ";gets(name);

}

111


char* retadmno(){

return admno;}char* retstbno(){

return stbno;}int rettoken(){

return token;}void addtoken(){

token=1;}void resettoken(){

token=0;}void getstbno(char t[]){

strcpy(stbno,t);}void report(){

cout<<"\t"<<admno<<setw(20)<<name<<setw(10)<<token<<endl;}

}; //class ends here// global declaration for stream object, objectfstream fp,fp1;book bk;student st;// function to write in filevoid write_book(){

char ch; fp.open("book.dat",ios::out|ios::app);

112


do{ clrscr(); bk.create_book(); fp.write((char*)&bk,sizeof(book)); cout<<"\n\nDo you want to add more record..(y/n?)"; cin>>ch; }while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y'); fp.close();

}void write_student(){

char ch; fp.open("student.dat",ios::out|ios::app); do{ st.create_student(); fp.write((char*)&st,sizeof(student)); cout<<"\n\ndo you want to add more record..(y/n?)"; cin>>ch; }while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y'); fp.close();

}// function to read specific record from filevoid display_spb(char n[]){

cout<<"\n BOOK DETAILS\n";int flag=0;fp.open("book.dat",ios::in);while(fp.read((char*)&bk,sizeof(book))){if(strcmpi(bk.retbno(),n)==0){

bk.show_book();flag=1;

}}fp.close();if(flag==0)cout<<"\n\n Book does not exist";

113


getch();}void display_sps(char n[]){

cout<<"\n STUDENT DETAILS\n";int flag=0;fp.open("student.dat",ios::in);while(fp.read((char*)&st,sizeof(student))){if((strcmpi(st.retadmno(),n)==0)){st.show_student();flag=1;}}fp.close();if(flag==0)cout<<"\n\n Student does not exist";

getch();}// function to modify record of filevoid modify_book(){

char n[6];int found=0;clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\t MODIFY BOOK REOCORD.... ";cout<<"\n\n\t Enter The book no. of The book";cin>>n;fp.open("book.dat",ios::in|ios::out);while(fp.read((char*)&bk,sizeof(book)) && found==0){if(strcmpi(bk.retbno(),n)==0){bk.show_book();cout<<"\nEnter The New Details of book"<<endl;bk.modify_book();int pos=-1*sizeof(bk);

114


fp.seekp(pos,ios::cur);fp.write((char*)&bk,sizeof(book));cout<<"\n\n\t Record Updated";found=1;}}fp.close();if(found==0)cout<<"\n\n Record Not Found ";

getch();}void modify_student(){

char n[6];int found=0;clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\tMODIFY STUDENT RECORD... ";cout<<"\n\n\tEnter The admission no. of The student";cin>>n;fp.open("student.dat",ios::in|ios::out);while(fp.read((char*)&st,sizeof(student)) && found==0){if(strcmpi(st.retadmno(),n)==0){st.show_student();cout<<"\nEnter The New Details of student"<<endl;st.modify_student();int pos=-1*sizeof(st);fp.seekp(pos,ios::cur);fp.write((char*)&st,sizeof(student));cout<<"\n\n\t Record Updated";found=1;}}fp.close();if(found==0)cout<<"\n\n Record Not Found ";

getch();

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}// function to delete record of filevoid delete_student(){

char n[6];int flag=0;clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\n\tDELETE STUDENT...";cout<<"\n\nEnter The admission no. of the Student You Want To Delete : ";cin>>n;fp.open("student.dat",ios::in|ios::out);fstream fp2;fp2.open("Temp.dat",ios::out);fp.seekg(0,ios::beg);while(fp.read((char*)&st,sizeof(student))){if(strcmpi(st.retadmno(),n)!=0)fp2.write((char*)&st,sizeof(student));elseflag=1;}fp2.close();fp.close();remove("student.dat");rename("Temp.dat","student.dat");if(flag==1)cout<<"\n\n\tRecord Deleted ..";elsecout<<"\n\nRecord not found";getch();

}void delete_book(){

char n[6];clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\n\tDELETE BOOK ...";cout<<"\n\nEnter The Book no. of the Book You Want To Delete : ";cin>>n;

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fp.open("book.dat",ios::in|ios::out);fstream fp2;fp2.open("Temp.dat",ios::out);fp.seekg(0,ios::beg);while(fp.read((char*)&bk,sizeof(book))){if(strcmpi(bk.retbno(),n)!=0) //change later{fp2.write((char*)&bk,sizeof(book));}}fp2.close();fp.close();remove("book.dat");rename("Temp.dat","book.dat");cout<<"\n\n\tRecord Deleted ..";

getch();}// function to display all students listvoid display_alls(){

clrscr();fp.open("student.dat",ios::in);if(!fp){cout<<"ERROR!!! FILE COULD NOT BE OPEN ";

getch();return;}cout<<"\n\n\t\tSTUDENT LIST\n\n";cout<<"==================================================================\n";cout<<"\tAdmission No."<<setw(10)<<"Name"<<setw(20)<<"Book Issued\n";cout<<"==================================================================\n";while(fp.read((char*)&st,sizeof(student))){st.report();}fp.close();

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getch();}// function to display Books listvoid display_allb(){

clrscr();fp.open("book.dat",ios::in);if(!fp){cout<<"ERROR!!! FILE COULD NOT BE OPEN ";

getch();return;}cout<<"\n\n\t\tBook LIST\n\n";cout<<"====================================================================\n";cout<<"Book Number"<<setw(20)<<"Book Name"<<setw(25)<<"Author\n";cout<<"=====================================================================\n";while(fp.read((char*)&bk,sizeof(book))){bk.report();}fp.close();getch();}// function to issue bookvoid book_issue(){

char sn[6],bn[6];int found=0,flag=0;clrscr();cout<<"\n\nBOOK ISSUE ...";cout<<"\n\n\tEnter The student's admission no.";cin>>sn;fp.open("student.dat",ios::in|ios::out);fp1.open("book.dat",ios::in|ios::out);while(fp.read((char*)&st,sizeof(student)) && found==0){if(strcmpi(st.retadmno(),sn)==0)

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{found=1;if(st.rettoken()==0){cout<<"\n\n\tEnter the book no. ";cin>>bn;while(fp1.read((char*)&bk,sizeof(book))&& flag==0){if(strcmpi(bk.retbno(),bn)==0){bk.show_book();flag=1;st.addtoken();st.getstbno(bk.retbno());int pos=-1*sizeof(st);fp.seekp(pos,ios::cur);fp.write((char*)&st,sizeof(student));cout<<"\n\n\t Book issued successfully\n\nPlease Note: Write the current date in

backside of your book and submit within 15 days fine Rs. 1 for each day after 15 days period";}}if(flag==0)cout<<"Book no does not exist";}elsecout<<"You have not returned the last book ";}}if(found==0)cout<<"Student record not exist...";

getch();fp.close();fp1.close();}// function to deposit bookvoid book_deposit(){

char sn[6],bn[6];

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int found=0,flag=0,day,fine;clrscr();cout<<"\n\nBOOK DEPOSIT ...";cout<<"\n\n\tEnter The student’s admission no.";cin>>sn;fp.open("student.dat",ios::in|ios::out);fp1.open("book.dat",ios::in|ios::out);while(fp.read((char*)&st,sizeof(student)) && found==0){if(strcmpi(st.retadmno(),sn)==0){found=1;if(st.rettoken()==1){while(fp1.read((char*)&bk,sizeof(book))&& flag==0){if(strcmpi(bk.retbno(),st.retstbno())==0){bk.show_book();flag=1;cout<<"\n\nBook deposited in no. of days";cin>>day;if(day>15){fine=(day-15)*1;cout<<"\n\nFine has to deposited Rs. "<<fine;}st.resettoken();int pos=-1*sizeof(st);fp.seekp(pos,ios::cur);fp.write((char*)&st,sizeof(student));cout<<"\n\n\t Book deposited successfully";}}if(flag==0)cout<<"Book no does not exist";}else

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cout<<"No book is issued..please check!!";}}if(found==0)cout<<"Student record not exist...";

getch();fp.close();fp1.close();}// ADMINISTRATOR MENU FUNCTIONvoid admin_menu(){clrscr();int ch2;cout<<"\n\n\n\tADMINISTRATOR MENU";cout<<"\n\n\t1.CREATE STUDENT RECORD";cout<<"\n\n\t2.DISPLAY ALL STUDENTS RECORD";cout<<"\n\n\t3.DISPLAY SPECIFIC STUDENT RECORD ";cout<<"\n\n\t4.MODIFY STUDENT RECORD";cout<<"\n\n\t5.DELETE STUDENT RECORD";cout<<"\n\n\t6.CREATE BOOK ";cout<<"\n\n\t7.DISPLAY ALL BOOKS ";cout<<"\n\n\t8.DISPLAY SPECIFIC BOOK ";cout<<"\n\n\t9.MODIFY BOOK ";cout<<"\n\n\t10.DELETE BOOK ";cout<<"\n\n\t11.BACK ";cout<<"\n\n\tPlease Enter Your Choice (1-11) ";cin>>ch2;switch(ch2){

case 1: clrscr(); write_student(); break;

case 2: display_alls(); break;

case 3:

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char num[6];clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\tPlease Enter The Admission No. ";cin>>num;display_sps(num);break;

case 4:modify_student();break;

case 5:delete_student();break;

case 6:clrscr();write_book();break;

case 7:display_allb();break;

case 8:{char num[6];clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\tPlease Enter The book No. ";cin>>num;display_spb(num);break;}

case 9: modify_book(); break;

case 10: delete_book(); break;

case 11: break;

default: cout<<"\a";

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}admin_menu();}// FUNCTION OF LIBRARY MANAGEMENTvoid School_Management_System::Library_Management(){char ch;do{clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\t***** MENU OF LIBRARY MANAGEMENT****";cout<<"\n\n\t 1. BOOK ISSUE";cout<<"\n\n\t 2. BOOK DEPOSIT";cout<<"\n\n\t 3. ADMINISTRATOR MENU";cout<<"\n\n\t 4. EXIT";cout<<"\n***************************************\n";cout<<"\n\n\tPlease Select Your Option (1-4) ";ch=getche();switch(ch){case '1':

clrscr();book_issue();break;

case '2':book_deposit();break;

case '3':admin_menu();break;

case '4': break;

default :cout<<"\a";

}}while(ch!='4');

}

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/********************************************// FEES MANAGEMENT********************************************/int i,j,li,lp,rec,valid;void help();// GLOBAL VARIABLE DECLARATIONS//int i,j,li,lp;char ch,choice;// THIS CLASS DRAWS LINES, BOXES, ETC.class DRAW{ public : void LINE_HOR(int, int, int, char) ; void LINE_VER(int, int, int, char) ; void BOX(int,int,int,int,char) ;} ;// THIS CLASS CONTROLS ALL THE FUNCTIONS RELATED TO FEESclass FEE{ private : int Class ; float tuition, ac, science, computer, activity ; void DISPLAY(int) ; void MODIFY_RECORD(int, float, float, float, float, float) ; public : void ADDITION(void) ; void MODIFICATION(void) ; void FEE_SLIP(void) ; void LIST(void) ; void HELP(void);}fee ;void mainmenu(){ clrscr(); textcolor(WHITE); for(li=30;li<=50;li++) {

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textcolor(WHITE); gotoxy(li,14); delay(30); printf("*"); } for(li=50;li>=30;li--) { textcolor(WHITE); gotoxy(li,30); delay(30); printf("*"); } for(lp=15;lp<30;lp++) { gotoxy(30,lp); delay(100); printf("|"); } for(lp=29;lp>=15;lp--) { gotoxy(50,lp); delay(100); printf("|"); } gotoxy(15,10); textcolor(LIGHTGRAY); cprintf("Press the corresponding Keys for the desired action"); gotoxy(35,16); textcolor(BROWN); cprintf("F: FEE SLIP"); gotoxy(35,19); textcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA); cprintf("M: MODIFY"); gotoxy(35,22); textcolor(LIGHTBLUE); cprintf("L: LIST"); gotoxy(35,25); textcolor(LIGHTRED);

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cprintf("H: HELP"); gotoxy(35,28); textcolor(GREEN); cprintf("Q: QUIT"); choice=getch(); ch=toupper(choice); switch(ch) { case'F':

fee.FEE_SLIP();break;

case'M':fee.MODIFICATION();break;

case'L':fee.LIST();break;

case'H':fee.HELP();break;

case'Q':break;

}} //Main Menu Function End// FUNCTION TO DRAW HORIZONTAL LINEvoid DRAW :: LINE_HOR(int column1, int column2, int row, char c){ for ( column1; column1<=column2; column1++ ) { gotoxy(column1,row) ; cout <<c ; }}// FUNCTION TO DRAW VERTICAL LINEvoid DRAW :: LINE_VER(int row1, int row2, int column, char c){ for ( row1; row1<=row2; row1++ ) {

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gotoxy(column,row1) ; cout <<c ; }}// FUNCTION TO DRAW BOX LINEvoid DRAW :: BOX(int column1, int row1, int column2, int row2, char c){ char ch=218 ; char c1, c2, c3, c4 ; char l1=196, l2=179 ; if (c == ch) { c1=218 ; c2=191 ; c3=192 ; c4=217 ; l1 = 196 ; l2 = 179 ; } else { c1=c ; c2=c ; c3=c ; c4=c ; l1 = c ; l2 = c ; } gotoxy(column1,row1) ; cout <<c1 ; gotoxy(column2,row1) ; cout <<c2 ; gotoxy(column1,row2) ; cout <<c3 ; gotoxy(column2,row2) ; cout <<c4 ; column1++ ; column2-- ;

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LINE_HOR(column1,column2,row1,l1) ; LINE_HOR(column1,column2,row2,l1) ; column1-- ; column2++ ; row1++ ; row2-- ; LINE_VER(row1,row2,column1,l2) ; LINE_VER(row1,row2,column2,l2) ;}// FUNCTION TO ADD FEE STRUCTURE IN FEE FILEvoid FEE :: ADDITION(void){ fstream file ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::in) ; if (!file.fail()) return ; file.close() ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::app) ; for (int i=1; i<=12; i++) { Class = i ; tuition = 0.0 ; ac = 0.0 ; science = 0.0 ; computer= 0.0 ; activity= 0.0 ; file.write((char *) this, sizeof(FEE)) ; } file.close() ; MODIFY_RECORD(12,450,50,60,60,50) ; MODIFY_RECORD(11,450,50,60,60,50) ; MODIFY_RECORD(10,350,50,30,60,50) ; MODIFY_RECORD(9,350,50,20,60,50) ; MODIFY_RECORD(8,300,50,20,40,50) ; MODIFY_RECORD(7,300,50,20,40,50) ; MODIFY_RECORD(6,300,50,20,40,50) ; MODIFY_RECORD(5,250,50,0,40,40) ; MODIFY_RECORD(4,250,50,0,40,40) ;

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MODIFY_RECORD(3,250,50,0,40,40) ; MODIFY_RECORD(2,250,50,0,40,40) ; MODIFY_RECORD(1,250,50,0,40,40) ;}// FUNCTION TO DISPLAY TOTAL FEE AS LISTvoid FEE::LIST(){ clrscr() ; DRAW d ; textcolor(MAGENTA); d.BOX(1,2,80,24,218) ; gotoxy(27,3) ; cout <<"TOTAL FEES FOR THE CLASSES" ; d.LINE_HOR(2,79,4,196) ; gotoxy(5,5) ; cout <<"CLASS TOTAL FEES" ; d.LINE_HOR(2,79,6,196) ; d.LINE_HOR(2,79,22,196) ; float total ; int row=8 ; fstream file ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::in) ; while (file.read((char *) this, sizeof(FEE))) { total = tuition + ac + science + computer + activity ; gotoxy(6,row) ; cout <<Class ; gotoxy(23,row) ; cout <<total ; row++ ; } file.close() ; gotoxy(5,23) ; cout <<"Press any key to continue............." ; getch() ;mainmenu();}

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// FUNCTION TO DISPLAY THE RECORD FOR THE GIVEN CLASSvoid FEE :: DISPLAY(int tclass){ fstream file ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::in) ; while (file.read((char *) this, sizeof(FEE))) { if (Class == tclass) { gotoxy(5,5) ; cout <<"Class : " <<Class ; gotoxy(5,7) ; cout <<"~~~~~~~~~~~~" ; gotoxy(5,8) ; cout <<"Tution Fee : " <<tuition ; gotoxy(5,9) ; cout <<"Annual charges Fee : " <<ac ; gotoxy(5,10) ; cout <<"Science Fee : " <<science ; gotoxy(5,11) ; cout <<"Computer Fee: " <<computer ; gotoxy(5,12) ; cout <<"Activity Fee : " <<activity ; break ; } } file.close() ;}// FUNCTION TO MODIFY THE FEE RECORD FOR THE GIVEN DATAvoid FEE :: MODIFY_RECORD(int tclass, float ttution, float tac, floattscience, float tcomputer, float tactivity){ fstream file ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::in) ; fstream temp ; temp.open("temp.dat", ios::out) ; file.seekg(0,ios::beg) ; while (!file.eof())

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{ file.read((char *) this, sizeof(FEE)) ; if (file.eof()) break ; if (tclass == Class) { Class = tclass ; tuition = ttution ; ac = tac ; science = tscience ; computer= tcomputer ; activity= tactivity ; temp.write((char *) this, sizeof(FEE)) ; } else temp.write((char *) this, sizeof(FEE)) ; } file.close() ; temp.close() ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::out) ; temp.open("temp.dat", ios::in) ; temp.seekg(0,ios::beg) ; while (!temp.eof()) { temp.read((char *) this, sizeof(FEE)) ; if (temp.eof()) break ; file.write((char *) this, sizeof(FEE)) ; } file.close() ; temp.close() ;}// FUNCTION TO GIVE DATA TO MODIFY THE FEE RECORDvoid FEE :: MODIFICATION(void){ clrscr() ; textcolor(WHITE); char ch, t1[10] ;

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int valid=0, t=0, tclass=0 ; float t2=0 ; do { valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Press <ENTER> for EXIT" ; gotoxy(5,5) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Enter Class for the Modification of the Fee Structure : " ; gets(t1) ; t = atoi(t1) ; tclass = t ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) return ; if (tclass < 1 || tclass > 12) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; cout <<"7Enter correctly" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ; clrscr() ; gotoxy(71,1) ; cout <<"<0>=Exit" ; DISPLAY(tclass) ; gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; do { gotoxy(5,15) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Do you want to modify the fee structure (y/n) : " ; ch = getche() ; if (ch == '0') return ; ch = toupper(ch) ; } while (ch != 'N' && ch != 'Y') ; if (ch == 'N') mainmenu();

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float ttution=0.0, tac=0.0, tscience=0.0, tcomputer=0.0, tactivity=0.0; gotoxy(5,13) ; clreol() ; gotoxy(5,17) ; cout <<"Tuition Fee : " ; gotoxy(5,18) ; cout <<"Annual Charges Fee : " ; gotoxy(5,19) ; cout <<"Science Fee : " ; gotoxy(5,20) ; cout <<"Computer Fee : " ; gotoxy(5,21) ; cout <<"Activity Fee : " ; int modified = 5 ; fstream file ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::in) ; while (file.read((char *) this, sizeof(FEE))) if (Class == tclass) break ; file.close() ; do { valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Enter TUITION FEE or Press <ENTER> for no change" ; gotoxy(19,17) ; clreol() ; gets(t1) ; t2 = atof(t1) ; ttution = t2 ; if (t1[0] == '0') return; if (strlen(t1) == 0) break ; if (ttution > 1000) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,27) ;

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clreol() ; cout <<"7Enter correctly" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) { modified-- ; ttution = tuition ; gotoxy(20,17) ; cout <<ttution ; } do { valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Enter ANNUAL CHARGES fee or Press <ENTER> for no change" ; gotoxy(26,18) ; clreol() ; gets(t1) ; t2 = atof(t1) ; tac = t2 ; if (t1[0] == '0') return ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) break ; if (tac > 1000) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"7Enter correctly" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) {

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modified-- ; tac = ac ; gotoxy(26,18) ; cout <<tac ; } do { valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Enter SCIENCE FEES or Press <ENTER> for no change" ; gotoxy(19,19) ; clreol() ; gets(t1) ; t2 = atof(t1) ; tscience = t2 ; if (t1[0] == '0') return ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) break ; if (tscience > 1000) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"7Enter correctly" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) { modified-- ; tscience = science ; gotoxy(19,19) ; cout <<tscience ; } do {

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valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Enter COMPUTER FEES or Press <ENTER> for no change" ; gotoxy(19,20) ; clreol() ; gets(t1) ; t2 = atof(t1) ; tcomputer = t2 ; if (t1[0] == '0') return ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) break ; if (tcomputer > 1000) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"7Enter correctly" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) { modified-- ; tcomputer = computer ; gotoxy(19,20) ; cout <<tcomputer ; } do { valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Enter ACTIVITY FEES or Press <ENTER> for no change" ; gotoxy(19,21) ; clreol() ; gets(t1) ;

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t2 = atof(t1) ; tactivity = t2 ; if (t1[0] == '0') return; if (strlen(t1) == 0) break; if (tactivity > 1000) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; cout <<"7Enter correctly" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) { modified-- ; tactivity = activity ; gotoxy(19,21) ; cout <<tactivity ; } if (!modified) mainmenu(); gotoxy(5,27) ; clreol() ; do { gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Do you want to save (y/n) : " ; ch = getche() ; if (ch == '0') return ; ch = toupper(ch) ; } while (ch != 'N' && ch != 'Y') ; if (ch == 'N') return ;

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MODIFY_RECORD(tclass,ttution,tac,tscience,tcomputer,tactivity); gotoxy(5,27) ; cout <<"7Record Modified" ; gotoxy(5,29) ; cout <<"Press any key to continue..........." ; getch() ; mainmenu();}// FUNCTION TO DISPLAY THE FEE SLIP FOR THE CLASSvoid FEE :: FEE_SLIP(void){ clrscr() ; textcolor(RED); char ch, t1[10] ; int valid=0, t=0, tclass=0 ; do { valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Press <ENTER> for EXIT" ; gotoxy(5,5) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Enter Class to see the Fee Structure : " ; gets(t1) ; t = atoi(t1) ; tclass = t ; if (strlen(t1) == 0) return ; if (tclass < 1 || tclass > 12) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; cout <<"7Enter correctly" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ;

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char name[26] ; do { gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; cout <<"ENTER NAME OF THE STUDENT" ; valid = 1 ; gotoxy(5,7) ; clreol() ; cout <<"Name : " ; gets(name) ; if (strlen(name) < 1 || strlen(name) > 25) { valid = 0 ; gotoxy(5,25) ; clreol() ; cout <<"NAME SHOULD NOT BE GREATER THAN 25" ; getch() ; } } while (!valid) ; clrscr() ; DRAW d ; d.BOX(20,2,61,24,987) ; gotoxy(24,3) ; cout <<" YOUR SCHOOL " ; int d1, m1, y1 ; struct date dt; getdate(&dt); d1 = dt.da_day ; m1 = dt.da_mon ; y1 = dt.da_year ; gotoxy(45,4) ; cout <<"Date: " <<d1 <<"/" <<m1 <<"/" <<y1 ; d.LINE_HOR(21,60,5,196) ; gotoxy(22,6) ; cout <<"NAME : " <<name ; gotoxy(22,7) ; cout <<"CLASS : " <<tclass ;

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d.LINE_HOR(21,60,8,196) ; gotoxy(21,9) ; cout <<" PARTICULARS AMOUNT" ; d.LINE_HOR(21,60,10,196) ; d.LINE_HOR(21,60,22,196) ; d.LINE_HOR(46,60,20,196) ; gotoxy(25,21) ; cout <<"TOTAL" ; gotoxy(54,23) ; cout <<"CASHIER" ; fstream file ; file.open("FEE.DAT", ios::in) ; while (file.read((char *) this, sizeof(FEE))) if (Class == tclass) break ; file.close() ; float total=0.0 ; gotoxy(23,12) ; cout <<"Tuition fees " <<setprecision(2) <<tuition ; total = total+tuition ; gotoxy(23,13) ; cout <<"Annual charges fees " <<setprecision(2) <<ac ; total = total+ac ; gotoxy(23,14) ; cout <<"Science fees " <<setprecision(2) <<science ; total = total+science ; gotoxy(23,15) ; cout <<"Computer fees " <<setprecision(2) <<computer ; total = total+computer ; gotoxy(23,16) ; cout <<"Activity fees " <<setprecision(2) <<activity ; total = total+activity ; d.LINE_VER(9,21,46,179) ; char tt[15] ; sprintf(tt,"%f",total) ; gotoxy(49,21) ; cout <<tt ; gotoxy(33,40);

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cout<<"Press any key to return to the main menu........"; getch() ; mainmenu();}void FEE::HELP(){ clrscr(); textcolor(WHITE); cout<<"This is a fee structure program \n"; cout<<"It can be used to : \n "; cout<<"1. View the fee slip of a student of a class \n"; cout<<"2. Modify the fee structure of the school \n"; cout<<"3. View the fee structure of the school in the form of alist \n"; cout<<"The menu functions are described as follows \n"; cout<<"1. Fee_Management SLIP: This function displays the fee slip for a givenstudent \n"; cout<<" from the class entered by the user. "; cout<<"2. MODIFY: This function modifies the fee structure for a give class."; cout<<" The user can change the fees for various fields"; cout<<"3. LIST: This function displays the list of total fees for all the"; cout<<"classes in the school "; cout<<"If you encounter any problems, just press ctrl+break. You will get out "; cout<<"of the program."; getch(); cout<<"Press any key to continue..........."; getch();mainmenu();}void School_Management_System::Fees_Management(){

FEE fee;fee.ADDITION();clrscr();getch();mainmenu();

}

/************************************************

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// EXAMINATION MANAGEMENT ************************************************/int s_menu1();int ss_menu1(int u);struct pass

{char username[15];char password[8];}str;

class student5{struct data{char name[30];int roll;int class1;int marks[5];float total;float percent;char branch[5];}d1;

public:void mark_entry();void plist1();void plist2();void plist3();void plist4();void plist5();void plist6();void moddata1();void moddata2();void moddata3();void moddata4();void moddata5();void moddata6();void displaydata();void deldata1();void deldata2();

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void deldata3();void deldata4();void deldata5();void deldata6();void yourdata1();void yourdata2();void yourdata3();void yourdata4();void yourdata5();void yourdata6();void showdata1();void showdata2();void showdata3();void showdata4();void showdata5();void showdata6();

}s1;int s_menu();int ss_menu(int u);int s_menu1(){int ch1;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,20,"1. UNIT TEST.\n");outtextxy(10,40,"2. HALF YEARLY.\n");outtextxy(10,60,"3. ANNUALS.\n");outtextxy(10,80," ENTER YOUR CHOICE:");gotoxy(30,6);cin>>ch1;return(ch1);}int ss_menu1(int u){cleardevice();int ch2,san;switch(u)

{case 1:

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outtextxy(10,10," 011--> 1st UNIT TEST.\n");outtextxy(10,30," 022--> 2nd UNIT TEST.\n");outtextxy(10,50," 033--> 3rd UNIT TEST.\n");outtextxy(10,70," 044--> 4th UNIT TEST.\n");outtextxy(10,90," ENTER YOUR CHOICE: ");gotoxy(30,7);cin>>ch2;san=ch2;break;

case 2: san=u;break;

case 3: san=u;break;};

return(san);}void student5::mark_entry(){

cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"Enter your Roll number:");gotoxy(35,2);cin>>d1.roll;outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your Name:");gotoxy(35,3);gets(d1.name);outtextxy(10,60,"Enter your Class:");gotoxy(35,5);cin>>d1.class1;if (d1.class1<11){cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter marks in English:");gotoxy(35,3);cin>>d1.marks[0];outtextxy(10,60,"Enter marks in Hindi:");gotoxy(35,5);cin>>d1.marks[1];outtextxy(10,90,"Enter marks in Maths:");

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gotoxy(35,7);cin>>d1.marks[2];outtextxy(10,120,"Enter marks in Science:");gotoxy(35,9);cin>>d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,150,"Enter marks in Social:");gotoxy(35,11);cin>>d1.marks[4];if(d1.class1<9){outtextxy(10,180,"Enter marks in Sanskrit:");gotoxy(35,13);cin>>d1.marks[5];}}

else{cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30," Enter your branch(PCMC.PCMP,PCMB,PCBI,PCBP)");gotoxy(60,3);gets(d1.branch);outtextxy(10,60," Enter marks in Physics:");gotoxy(35,5);cin>>d1.marks[0];outtextxy(10,90," Enter marks in Chemistry:");gotoxy(35,7);cin>>d1.marks[1];outtextxy(10,120," Enter marks in English:");gotoxy(35,9);cin>>d1.marks[2];if(strcmp(d1.branch,"PCMC")==0){outtextxy(10,150," Enter marks in Computer:");gotoxy(35,11);cin>>d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180," Enter marks in Maths:");gotoxy(35,13);cin>>d1.marks[4];

145


}else if(strcmp(d1.branch,"PCBI")==0){outtextxy(10,150," Enter marks in Biology:");gotoxy(35,11);cin>>d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180,"Enter marks in I.P:");gotoxy(35,13);cin>>d1.marks[4];}else if(strcmp(d1.branch,"PCMP")==0){outtextxy(10,150," Enter marks in Physical Education:");gotoxy(35,11);cin>>d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180," Enter marks in Maths:");gotoxy(35,13);cin>>d1.marks[4];}else if(strcmp(d1.branch,"PCBP")==0){outtextxy(10,150," Enter marks in Physical Education:");gotoxy(35,11);cin>>d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180,"Enter marks in Biology:");gotoxy(35,13);cin>>d1.marks[4];}else if(strcmp(d1.branch,"PCMB")==0){outtextxy(10,150," Enter marks in Maths:");gotoxy(35,11);cin>>d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180,"Enter marks in Biology:");gotoxy(35,13);cin>>d1.marks[4];}

}

146


float sum=0;if(d1.class1<9)

{for(int i=0;i<5;i++)

sum=d1.marks[i]+sum;d1.total=sum;d1.percent=sum/6;}

else{for(int i=0;i<5;i++)sum=d1.marks[i]+sum;d1.total=sum;d1.percent=sum/5;}

}void student5::yourdata1(){int size;char ch3='Y',ch4;ofstream unitfile1;unitfile1.open("TEST1.TXT",ios::app);size=sizeof(d1);while((ch3=='y')||(ch3=='Y')){s1.mark_entry();outtextxy(10,210," Do you want to add more:");gotoxy(40,15);cin>>ch4;ch3=ch4;unitfile1.write((char *)&s1,size);cleardevice();} unitfile1.close();}void student5::yourdata2(){int size;

147


char ch5='Y',ch6;ofstream unitfile2;unitfile2.open("TEST2.TXT",ios::app);size=sizeof(d1);while((ch5=='y')||(ch5=='Y')){s1.mark_entry();outtextxy(10,210," Do you want to add more:");gotoxy(40,15);cin>>ch6;ch5=ch6;unitfile2.write((char *)&s1,size);cleardevice();} unitfile2.close();}void student5::yourdata3(){int size;char ch5='Y',ch6;ofstream unitfile3;unitfile3.open("TEST3.TXT",ios::app);size=sizeof(d1);while((ch5=='y')||(ch5=='Y')){s1.mark_entry();outtextxy(10,210," Do you want to add more:");gotoxy(40,15);cin>>ch6;ch5=ch6; unitfile3.write((char *)&s1,size);cleardevice();} unitfile3.close();}void student5::yourdata4(){int size;

148


char ch5='Y',ch6;ofstream unitfile4;unitfile4.open("TEST4.TXT",ios::app);size=sizeof(d1);while((ch5=='y')||(ch5=='Y')){s1.mark_entry();outtextxy(10,210," Do you want to add more:");gotoxy(40,15);cin>>ch6;ch5=ch6; unitfile4.write((char *)&s1,size);cleardevice();} unitfile4.close();}void student5::yourdata5(){int size;char ch5='Y',ch6;ofstream unitfile5;unitfile5.open("TEST5.TXT",ios::app);size=sizeof(d1);while((ch5=='y')||(ch5=='Y')){s1.mark_entry();outtextxy(10,210," Do you want to add more:");gotoxy(40,15);cin>>ch6;ch5=ch6; unitfile5.write((char *)&s1,size);cleardevice();} unitfile5.close();}void student5::yourdata6(){int size;

149


char ch5='Y',ch6;ofstream unitfile6;unitfile6.open("TEST6.TXT",ios::app);size=sizeof(d1);while((ch5=='y')||(ch5=='Y')){s1.mark_entry();outtextxy(10,210," Do you want to add more:");gotoxy(40,15);cin>>ch6;ch5=ch6; unitfile6.write((char *)&s1,size);cleardevice();} unitfile6.close();}void School_Management_System::Examination_Management(){int gdrivers=DETECT,gmode,errorcode;initgraph(&gdrivers,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi");int ch=0,u,uu;char username1[15],password1[8];ifstream passfile;passfile.open("PASS.TXT");int si=sizeof(pass);getch();cleardevice();outtextxy(10,80,"Enter your user name :");gotoxy(35,6);gets(username1);outtextxy(10,110,"Enter your password:");gotoxy(35,8);gets(password1);passfile.seekg(0);int found=0;while(!passfile.eof()){passfile.read((char *)&str,si);

150


if(strcmpi(str.username,username1)==0){if(strcmpi(str.password,password1)==0){found=1;outtextxy(10,140,"ACCESS GRANTED");getch();cleardevice();while(ch!=6){cleardevice();outtextxy(10,20,"1. ADDITION OF RECORDS. ");outtextxy(10,40,"2. DATA OUTPUT OF ANY RECORD.\n");outtextxy(10,60,"3. MODIFY ANY RECORD.\n");outtextxy(10,80,"4. DELETE ANY CLASS RECORD.\n");outtextxy(10,100,"5. PRODUCE LIST OF A CLASS.\n");outtextxy(10,120,"6. EXIT.\n");outtextxy(10,140,"ENTER YOUR CHOICE.");gotoxy(30,10);cin>>ch;switch(ch)

{case 1: u=s_menu1();uu=ss_menu1(u);switch(uu){case 011: s1.yourdata1();

break;case 022: s1.yourdata2();





break;

151


};break;

case 2: u=s_menu1();uu=ss_menu1(u);switch(uu){case 011: s1.showdata1();

break;case 022: s1.showdata2();





break;};break;

case 3: u=s_menu1();uu=ss_menu1(u);switch(uu){case 011: s1.moddata1();

break;case 022: s1.moddata2();





break;};

152


break;case 4: u=s_menu1();

uu=ss_menu1(u);switch(uu){case 011:s1.deldata1();break;case 022:s1.deldata2();break;case 033:s1.deldata3();break;case 044:s1.deldata4();break;case 2:s1.deldata5();break;case 3:s1.deldata6();break;};break;

case 5: u=s_menu1();uu=ss_menu1(u);switch(uu){case 011:s1.plist1();

break;case 022:s1.plist2();





break;};break;

case 6: exit(0);

153


};//switch}//while}//if2else{outtextxy(10,180," PASSWORD IS INCORRECT");getch();exit(0);}}//if1passfile.read((char *)&str,si);}if(found!=1){outtextxy(10,180,"MAKE A USER I.D FIRST.");getch();exit(0);}getch();}void student5:: showdata1(){int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;int classs;ifstream showfile1;clrscr();showfile1.open("TEST1.TXT",ios::in);showfile1.seekg(0,ios::beg);cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"Enter the class of the student5");gotoxy(45,2);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(50,3);cin>>roll_no;

154


size=sizeof(d1);showfile1.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!showfile1.eof()){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_no==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();s1.displaydata();found=1;}showfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}getch();showfile1.close();}void student5:: showdata2(){int classs;int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;ifstream showfile2;clrscr();showfile2.open("TEST2.TXT",ios::in);

155


showfile2.seekg(0,ios::beg);cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"Enter the class of the student5");gotoxy(45,2);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(50,3);cin>>roll_no;size=sizeof(d1);showfile2.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile2.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile2){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!showfile2.eof()){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_no==s1.d1.roll){cleardevice();s1.displaydata();found=1;}showfile2.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}getch();showfile2.close();}void student5:: showdata3(){int classs;

156


int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;ifstream showfile3;clrscr();showfile3.open("TEST3.TXT",ios::in);showfile3.seekg(0,ios::beg);cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"Enter the class of the student5");gotoxy(45,2);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(50,3);cin>>roll_no;size=sizeof(d1);showfile3.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile3.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile3){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!showfile3.eof()){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_no==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();s1.displaydata();found=1;}showfile3.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");

157


}getch();showfile3.close();}void student5:: showdata4(){int classs;int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;ifstream showfile4;clrscr();showfile4.open("TEST4.TXT",ios::in);showfile4.seekg(0,ios::beg);cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"Enter the class of the student5");gotoxy(45,2);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(50,3);cin>>roll_no;size=sizeof(d1);showfile4.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile4.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile4){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!showfile4.eof()){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_no==s1.d1.roll){

158


clrscr();s1.displaydata();found=1;}showfile4.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}getch();showfile4.close();}void student5:: showdata5(){int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;int classs;ifstream showfile5;clrscr();showfile5.open("TEST5.TXT",ios::in);showfile5.seekg(0,ios::beg);cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"Enter the class of the student5");gotoxy(45,2);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(50,3);cin>>roll_no;size=sizeof(d1);showfile5.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile5.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile5){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}

159


else{while(!showfile5.eof()){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_no==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();s1.displaydata();found=1;}showfile5.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");getch();}showfile5.close();}void student5:: showdata6(){int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;int classs;ifstream showfile6;clrscr();showfile6.open("TEST6.TXT",ios::in);showfile6.seekg(0,ios::beg);cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"Enter the class of the student5");gotoxy(45,2);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(50,3);cin>>roll_no;size=sizeof(d1);

160


showfile6.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile6.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile6){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!showfile6.eof()){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_no==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();s1.displaydata();found=1;}showfile6.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");getch();}showfile6.close();}void student5::displaydata(){cleardevice();outtextxy(10,10,"The data of the student5 is found.");outtextxy(10,30,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE...");getch();cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Name of student5:");gotoxy(45,3);cout<<d1.name;outtextxy(10,60,"Class of student5:");gotoxy(45,5);

161


cout<<d1.class1;outtextxy(10,90,"Roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(45,7);cout<<d1.roll;getch();cleardevice();if(d1.class1<11){outtextxy(10,30,"The marks in english are:");gotoxy(45,3);cout<<d1.marks[0];outtextxy(10,60,"The marks in hindi are:");gotoxy(45,5);cout<<d1.marks[1];outtextxy(10,90,"The marks in maths are:");gotoxy(45,7);cout<<d1.marks[2];outtextxy(10,120,"The marks in science are:");gotoxy(45,9);cout<<d1.marks[3];outtextxy(14,150,"The marks in social are:");gotoxy(45,11);cout<<d1.marks[4];if(d1.class1<9)outtextxy(10,180,"The marks in sanskrit are:");gotoxy(45,13);cout<<d1.marks[5];}else{outtextxy(10,30,"Your branch is :");gotoxy(45,3);cout<<d1.branch;outtextxy(10,60,"Your marks in Physics:");gotoxy(45,5);cout<<d1.marks[0];outtextxy(10,90,"Your marks in Chemistry:");gotoxy(45,7);

162


cout<<d1.marks[1];outtextxy(10,120,"Your marks in English:");gotoxy(45,9);cout<<d1.marks[2];

if(strcmpi(d1.branch,"PCMC")==0){outtextxy(10,150,"Your marks in Computer:");gotoxy(45,11);cout<<d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180,"Your marks in Maths:");gotoxy(45,13);cout<<d1.marks[4];}else if(strcmpi(d1.branch,"PCBI")==0){outtextxy(10,150,"Your marks in biology:");gotoxy(45,11);cout<<d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180,"Your marks in I.P:");gotoxy(45,13);cout<<d1.marks[4];}else if(strcmpi(d1.branch,"PCMP")==0){outtextxy(10,150,"Your marks in Physical Education:");gotoxy(45,11);cout<<d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180," Your marks in Maths:");gotoxy(45,13);cout<<d1.marks[4];}else if(strcmpi(d1.branch,"PCBP")==0){outtextxy(10,150,"Your marks in Physical Education:");cout<<d1.marks[3];gotoxy(45,11);outtextxy(10,180,"Your marks in Biology:");gotoxy(45,13);

163


cout<<d1.marks[4];}else if(strcmpi(d1.branch,"PCMB")==0){outtextxy(10,150,"Your marks in Maths:");gotoxy(45,11);cout<<d1.marks[3];outtextxy(10,180,"Your marks in Biology:");gotoxy(45,13);cout<<d1.marks[4];}

}outtextxy(10,210,"Your total is:");gotoxy(45,15);cout<<d1.total;outtextxy(10,240,"Your percentage is:");gotoxy(45,17);cout<<d1.percent;getch();}void student5::moddata1(){int roll_num;int size;int classs;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,60,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(45,5);cin>>roll_num;fstream modfile1;cleardevice();modfile1.open("TEST1.TXT",ios::in|ios::out);size=sizeof(d1);modfile1.seekg(0);modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);

164


int n=modfile1.tellg();int found=0;if(!modfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!modfile1.eof() && (!found)){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_num==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();modfile1.seekg(n-size);s1.mark_entry();modfile1.write((char *)&s1,size);found=1;}modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}modfile1.close();}void student5::moddata2(){int roll_num;int size;int classs;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,60,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(45,5);cin>>roll_num;

165


fstream modfile1;cleardevice();modfile1.open("TEST2.TXT",ios::in|ios::out);size=sizeof(d1);modfile1.seekg(0);modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);int n=modfile1.tellg();int found=0;if(!modfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!modfile1.eof() && (!found)){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_num==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();modfile1.seekg(n-size);s1.mark_entry();modfile1.write((char *)&s1,size);found=1;}modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}modfile1.close();}void student5::moddata3(){int roll_num;int size;int classs;cleardevice();

166


outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,60,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(45,5);cin>>roll_num;cleardevice();fstream modfile1;modfile1.open("TEST3.TXT",ios::in|ios::out);size=sizeof(d1);modfile1.seekg(0);modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);int n=modfile1.tellg();int found=0;if(!modfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!modfile1.eof() && (!found)){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_num==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();modfile1.seekg(n-size);s1.mark_entry();modfile1.write((char *)&s1,size);found=1;}modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}modfile1.close();}

167


void student5::moddata4(){int roll_num;int size;int classs;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,60,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(45,5);cin>>roll_num;cleardevice();fstream modfile1;modfile1.open("TEST4.TXT",ios::in|ios::out);size=sizeof(d1);modfile1.seekg(0);modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);int n=modfile1.tellg();int found=0;if(!modfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!modfile1.eof() && (!found)){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_num==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();modfile1.seekg(n-size);s1.mark_entry();modfile1.write((char *)&s1,size);found=1;}modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);

168


}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}modfile1.close();}void student5::moddata5(){int roll_num;int size;int classs;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,60,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(45,5);cin>>roll_num;cleardevice();fstream modfile1;modfile1.open("TEST5.TXT",ios::in|ios::out);size=sizeof(d1);modfile1.seekg(0);modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);int n=modfile1.tellg();int found=0;if(!modfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{while(!modfile1.eof() && (!found)){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_num==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();

169


modfile1.seekg(n-size);s1.mark_entry();modfile1.write((char *)&s1,size);found=1;}modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}modfile1.close();}void student5::moddata6(){int roll_num;int size;int classs;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;outtextxy(10,60,"Enter the roll number of the student5:");gotoxy(45,5);cin>>roll_num;cleardevice();fstream modfile1;modfile1.open("TEST6.TXT",ios::in|ios::out);size=sizeof(d1);modfile1.seekg(0);modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);int n=modfile1.tellg();int found=0;if(!modfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();}else{

170


while(!modfile1.eof() && (!found)){if(classs==s1.d1.class1)if(roll_num==s1.d1.roll){clrscr();modfile1.seekg(n-size);s1.mark_entry();modfile1.write((char *)&s1,size);found=1;}modfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200,"Unsuccessful search.");}modfile1.close();}void student5::deldata1(){int rolll,class10;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>class10;int size=sizeof(d1);fstream infile;fstream outfile;infile.open("TEST1.TXT",ios::in);outfile.open("temp.txt",ios::out);infile.seekg(0,ios::beg);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);while( !infile.eof() ){if(class10!=s1.d1.class1)outfile.write((char *)&s1,size);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);}

171


infile.close();outfile.close();remove("TEST1.TXT");rename("temp.txt","TEST1.TXT");}void student5::deldata2(){int rolll,class10;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>class10;int size=sizeof(d1);fstream infile;fstream outfile;infile.open("TEST2.TXT",ios::in);outfile.open("temp.txt",ios::out);infile.seekg(0,ios::beg);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);while( !infile.eof() ){if(class10!=s1.d1.class1)outfile.write((char *)&s1,size);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);}infile.close();outfile.close();remove("TEST2.TXT");rename("temp.txt","TEST2.TXT");}void student5::deldata3(){int rolll,class10;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>class10;int size=sizeof(d1);

172


fstream infile;fstream outfile;infile.open("TEST3.TXT",ios::in);outfile.open("temp.txt",ios::out);infile.seekg(0,ios::beg);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);while( !infile.eof() ){if(class10!=s1.d1.class1)outfile.write((char *)&s1,size);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);}infile.close();outfile.close();remove("TEST3.TXT");rename("temp.txt","TEST3.TXT");}void student5::deldata4(){int rolll,class10;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>class10;int size=sizeof(d1);fstream infile;fstream outfile;infile.open("TEST4.TXT",ios::in);outfile.open("temp.txt",ios::out);infile.seekg(0,ios::beg);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);while( !infile.eof() ){if(class10!=s1.d1.class1)outfile.write((char *)&s1,size);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);}infile.close();

173


outfile.close();remove("TEST4.TXT");rename("temp.txt","TEST4.TXT");}void student5::deldata5(){int rolll,class10;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>class10;int size=sizeof(d1);fstream infile;fstream outfile;infile.open("TEST5.TXT",ios::in);outfile.open("temp.txt",ios::out);infile.seekg(0,ios::beg);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);while( !infile.eof() ){if(class10!=s1.d1.class1)outfile.write((char *)&s1,size);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);}infile.close();outfile.close();remove("TEST5.TXT");rename("temp.txt","TEST5.TXT");}void student5::deldata6(){int rolll,class10;cleardevice();outtextxy(10,30,"Enter your class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>class10;int size=sizeof(d1);fstream infile;

174


fstream outfile;infile.open("TEST6.TXT",ios::in);outfile.open("temp.txt",ios::out);infile.seekg(0,ios::beg);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);while( !infile.eof() ){if(class10!=s1.d1.class1)outfile.write((char *)&s1,size);infile.read((char *)&s1,size);}infile.close();outfile.close();remove("TEST6.TXT");rename("temp.txt","TEST6.TXT");}void student5::plist1(){int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;int classs;ifstream showfile1;cleardevice();showfile1.open("TEST1.TXT",ios::in);showfile1.seekg(0,ios::beg);outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;size=sizeof(d1);showfile1.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();

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}elsewhile(!showfile1.eof()){if(classs==d1.class1){s1.displaydata();found=1;outtextxy(10,280,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE...");getch();}showfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200," Unsuccessful search.");showfile1.close();}void student5::plist2(){int roll_no;char nameof[30];int size;int found;int classs;ifstream showfile1;cleardevice();showfile1.open("TEST2.TXT",ios::in);showfile1.seekg(0,ios::beg);outtextxy(10,30,"Enter the class:");gotoxy(45,3);cin>>classs;size=sizeof(d1);showfile1.seekg(0,ios::beg);showfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);found=0;if(!showfile1){outtextxy(10,200,"The file does not exist.");getch();

176



177



178



179



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}elsewhile(!showfile1.eof()){if(classs==d1.class1){s1.displaydata();found=1;outtextxy(10,280,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE...");getch();}showfile1.read((char *)&s1,size);}if(found!=1)outtextxy(10,200," Unsuccessful search.");showfile1.close();}

/************************************************// REPORT CARD MANAGEMENT************************************************/// CLASS USED IN PROJECTclass student4{

int rollno;char name[50];int p_marks,c_marks,m_marks,e_marks,cs_marks;float per;char grade;int std;void calculate(){

per=(p_marks+c_marks+m_marks+e_marks+cs_marks)/5.0;if(per>=60)

grade='A';else if(per>=50 && per<60)

grade='B';else if(per>=33 && per<50)

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grade='C';else

grade='F';}

public:void getdata(){

cout<<"\nEnter The roll number of student ";cin>>rollno;cout<<"\n\nEnter The Name of student ";gets(name);cout<<"\nEnter The marks in physics out of 100 : ";cin>>p_marks;cout<<"\nEnter The marks in chemistry out of 100 : ";cin>>c_marks;cout<<"\nEnter The marks in maths out of 100 : ";cin>>m_marks;cout<<"\nEnter The marks in english out of 100 : ";cin>>e_marks;cout<<"\nEnter The marks in computer science out of 100 : ";cin>>cs_marks;calculate();

}void showdata(){

cout<<"\nRoll number of student : "<<rollno;cout<<"\nName of student : "<<name;cout<<"\nMarks in Physics : "<<p_marks;cout<<"\nMarks in Chemistry : "<<c_marks;cout<<"\nMarks in Maths : "<<m_marks;cout<<"\nMarks in English : "<<e_marks;cout<<"\nMarks in Computer Science :"<<cs_marks;cout<<"\nPercentage of student is :"<<setprecision(2)<<per;cout<<"\nGrade of student is :"<<grade;

}

void show_tabular(){

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cout<<rollno<<setw(12)<<name<<setw(10)<<p_marks<<setw(3)<<c_marks<<setw(3)<<m_marks<<setw(3)<<e_marks<<setw(3)<<cs_marks<<setw(6)<<setprecision(3)<<per<<" "<<grade<<endl;

}int retrollno(){

return rollno;}

}; //class ends here// global declaration for stream object, object// fstream fp;student4 st4;// function to write in filevoid write_student4(){

fp.open("student4.dat",ios::out|ios::app);st4.getdata();fp.write((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4));fp.close();cout<<"\n\nstudent record Has Been Created ";getch();

}// function to read all records from filevoid display_all(){

clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\n\t\tDISPLAY ALL RECORD !!!\n\n";fp.open("student4.dat",ios::in);while(fp.read((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4))){

st4.showdata();cout<<"\n\n====================================\n";getch();

}fp.close();getch();

}

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// function to read specific record from filevoid display_sp(int n){

int flag=0;fp.open("student4.dat",ios::in);while(fp.read((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4))){

if(st4.retrollno()==n){

clrscr();st4.showdata();flag=1;

}}fp.close();if(flag==0)

cout<<"\n\nrecord not exist";getch();

}// function to modify record of filevoid modify_student4(){

int no,found=0;clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\tTo Modify ";cout<<"\n\n\tPlease Enter The roll number of student";cin>>no;fp.open("student2.dat",ios::in|ios::out);while(fp.read((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4)) && found==0){

if(st4.retrollno()==no){

st4.showdata();cout<<"\nPlease Enter The New Details of student"<<endl;st4.getdata();int pos=-1*sizeof(st4);fp.seekp(pos,ios::cur);

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fp.write((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4));cout<<"\n\n\t Record Updated";found=1;

}}fp.close();if(found==0)

cout<<"\n\n Record Not Found ";getch();

}// function to delete record of filevoid delete_student4(){

int no;clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\n\tDelete Record";cout<<"\n\nPlease Enter The roll number of student You Want To Delete";cin>>no;fp.open("student4.dat",ios::in|ios::out);fstream fp2;fp2.open("Temp.dat",ios::out);fp.seekg(0,ios::beg);while(fp.read((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4))){

if(st4.retrollno()!=no){

fp2.write((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4));}

}fp2.close();fp.close();remove("student4.dat");rename("Temp.dat","student4.dat");cout<<"\n\n\tRecord Deleted ..";getch();

}// function to display all students grade report

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void class_result(){

clrscr();fp.open("student4.dat",ios::in);if(!fp){

cout<<"ERROR!!! FILE COULD NOT BE OPEN\n\n\n Go To Entry Menu to create File";

cout<<"\n\n\n Program is closing ....";getch();exit(0);

}cout<<"\n\n\t\tALL STUDENTS RESULT \n\n";cout<<"====================================================\n";cout<<"Roll No. Name P C M E CS %age Grade\n";cout<<"====================================================\n";while(fp.read((char*)&st4,sizeof(student4))){

st4.show_tabular();}fp.close();getch();

}// function to display result menuvoid result(){

int ans,rno;char ch;clrscr();cout<<"\n\n RESULT MENU";cout<<"\n\n 1. Class Result ";cout<<"\n\n 2. Student Report Card ";cout<<"\n\n 3.Back to Main Menu ";cout<<"\n\n\nEnter Choice (1/2)? ";cin>>ans;switch(ans){

case 1 :

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class_result();break;

case 2 : { do{

clrscr();char ans;cout<<"\n\nEnter Roll Number Of Student : ";cin>>rno;display_sp(rno);cout<<"\n\nDo you want to See More Result (y/n)?";cin>>ans;

}while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y'); break;}

case 3: break;

default: cout<<"\a";

} }// ENTRY / EDIT MENU FUNCTIONvoid entry_menu(){

clrscr();char ch2;cout<<"\n\n\n\t ENTRY MENU";cout<<"\n\n\t 1.CREATE STUDENT RECORD";cout<<"\n\n\t 2.DISPLAY ALL STUDENTS RECORDS";cout<<"\n\n\t 3.SEARCH STUDENT RECORD ";cout<<"\n\n\t 4.MODIFY STUDENT RECORD";cout<<"\n\n\t 5.DELETE STUDENT RECORD";cout<<"\n\n\t 6.BACK TO MAIN MENU";cout<<"\n\n\t Please Enter Your Choice (1-6) ";ch2=getche();switch(ch2){

case '1':

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clrscr();write_student4();break;

case '2':display_all();break;

case '3':int num;clrscr();cout<<"\n\n\tPlease Enter The roll number ";cin>>num;display_sp(num);break;

case '4':modify_student4();break;

case '5':delete_student4();break;

case '6':break;

default:cout<<"\a";entry_menu();

}}// THE MAIN FUNCTION OF PROGRAMvoid School_Management_System::Report_Card_Management(){

char ch;do{

clrscr();cout<<" MAIN MENU";cout<<" 1. RESULT MENU";cout<<" 2. ENTRY/EDIT MENU";cout<<" 3. EXIT";cout<<" Please Select Your Option (1-3) ";

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ch=getche();switch(ch){

case '1':clrscr();result();break;

case '2':entry_menu();break;

case '3':break;

}}while(ch!='3');

}

/*******************************************//MAIN MENU OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM*******************************************/

void School_Management_System::menu(){

cout<<"\n\n===================================\n\n";cout<<"\n***************************************\n";cout<<"\n\n 1 -> Admission_Management \n ";cout<<"\n\n 2 -> Student_Management \n ";cout<<"\n\n 3 -> Staff_Management\n ";cout<<"\n\n 4 -> Library_Management \n ";cout<<"\n\n 5 -> Fees_Management \n ";cout<<"\n\n 6 -> Examination_Management \n ";cout<<"\n\n 6 -> Report_Card_Management \n ";cout<<"\n\n 7 -> Quit \n ";cout<<"\n****************************************\n";cout<<"\n\n======================================\n";cout<<"\n\n ENTER YOUR CHOICE \n ";

}

void main_menu()

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{School_Management_System sms;int ch;sms.menu();cin >>ch;cout<<"enter code "<<ch<<endl;while(ch != '8'){

switch(ch){

case 1:sms.Admission_Management();break;

case 2:sms.Student_Management();break;

case 3:sms.Staff_Management();break;

case 4:sms.Library_Management();break;

case 5:sms.Fees_Management();break;

case 6:sms.Examination_Management();break;

case 7:sms.Report_Card_Management();break;

case 8:exit(0);break;

}}

}

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void main(){

clrscr();main_menu();getch();

}

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CHAPTER - 10

INPUT AND OUTPUT SCREEN

Input Screen of Admission Management

192


193


Output Screen Of Admission Management

194


Input Screen of Student Management

195


Input Screen of Student Information

196


197


Input Screen to enter Student Information

198


Input Screen To Modify or Remove Student Information

199


\

Input Screen of Staff Management

200


Input Screen Of Teacher Information

201


Input Screen of Officers Information

202


Input Sreen Of Typist Information

203


Input Screen of Library Management

204


Input Screen Of Book Issue

205


Input Screen of Fees Management

206


Input Screen Of Report Card Management

207


Input Screen Of Result information

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CHAPTERR 11

TESTING

11.1 TESTING STRATEGIES

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System testing is the expensive and time – consuming process. There

are two strategies for testing software that we use for testing our system. They

are:

1. Code Testing

2. Specification Testing

In Code testing, we developed those cases to execute every instructions

and path in the program. In Specification testing, we examined the program

specification and the wrote test data to determine how the program operates under

specified condition. The basic levels are unit testing, integration testing, system

testing, and acceptance testing.

Before actually implementing the new system into operation, a

test run of the system is done for removing the bugs, if any. It is an important

phase of a successful system. After codifying the whole programs of the system, a

test plan should be developed and run on a given set of test data. The output of the

test run should match the expected results. Sometimes, system testing is

considered a part of implementation process.

Using the test data following test run are carried out:

1. Program test

2. System test

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Program test:

When the programs have been coded, compiled and brought to working

conditions, they must be individually tested with the prepared test data. Any

undesirable happening must be noted and debugged (error corrections).

System Test:

After carrying out the program test for each of the programs of the system and

errors removed, then system test is done. At this stage the test is done on actual

data. The complete system is executed on the actual data. At each stage of the

execution, the results or output of the system is analysed. During the result

analysis, it may be found that the outputs are not matching the expected output of

the system. In such case, the errors in the particular programs are identified and

are fixed and further tested for the expected output. When it is ensured that the

system is running error-free, the users are called with their own actual data so that

the system could be shown running as per their requirements.

11.2 Test Case Design

11.2.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing is the lowest level of testing performed during

software development. Individual units of software are tested in isolation from

other parts of the program. Unit testing typically aims to achieve 100% decision

211


coverage of the code within a unit (although other coverage measures can also be

used). Conscientious unit testing will detect many problems at a stage of the

development where they can be corrected economically. For software developed in

C++, the class is the smallest unit which it is practical to unit test.

A well designed class will provide an abstraction, with implementation

details hidden within the class. Objects of such classes can be difficult to

thoroughly unit test.

Unit testing deals with testing a unit as a whole. This would test the

interaction of many functions but confine the test within one unit. The exact scope

of a unit is left to interpretation. Supporting test code, sometimes called

scaffolding, may be necessary to support an individual test. This type of testing is

driven by the architecture and implementation teams. This focus is also called

black-box testing because only the details of the interface are visible to the test.

Limits that are global to a unit are tested here.

Benefits

The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that the

individual parts are correct. A unit test provides a strict, written contract that the

piece of code must satisfy. As a result, it affords several benefits. Unit tests find

problems early in the development cycle.

212

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_cycle


Simplifies integration

Unit testing may reduce uncertainty in the units themselves and can be used in a

bottom-up testing style approach. By testing the parts of a program first and then

testing the sum of its parts, integration testing becomes much easier.

Unit testing limitations

Testing cannot be expected to catch every error in the program: it is impossible to

evaluate every execution path in all but the most trivial programs. The same is true

for unit testing. Additionally, unit testing by definition only tests the functionality

of the units themselves. Therefore, it will not catch integration errors or broader

system-level errors (such as functions performed across multiple units, or non-

functional test areas such as performance). Unit testing should be done in

conjunction with other software testing activities. Like all forms of software

testing, unit tests can only show the presence of errors; they cannot show the

absence of errors.

11.2.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing, also known as integration and testing (I&T), is a software

development process which program units are combined and tested as groups in

multiple ways. In this context, a unit is defined as the smallest testable part of an

213

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,289893,sid9_gci213024,00.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_testing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_testing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design


application. Integration testing can expose problems with the interfaces among

program components before trouble occurs in real-world program execution.

Integration testing is a component of Extreme Programming (XP), a pragmatic

method of software development that takes a meticulous approach to building a

product by means of continual testing and revision.

There are two major ways of carrying out an integration test, called the

bottom-up method and the top-down method.

Bottom-up integration testing begins with unit testing, followed by tests of

of progressively higher-level combinations of units called modules or

builds.

In top-down integration testing, the highest-level modules are tested first

and progressively lower-level modules are tested after that. In a

comprehensive software development environment, bottom-up testing is

usually done first, followed by top-down testing.

11.2.3 System Testing

Here the entire software system is tested. The reference for this process is

the requirements document, and the goal is to see if the software meets its

requirements.

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11.3 Unit Test Outcomes

There are three ways to verify that a unit test has passed:

Use one or more Assert statements to validate specific outcomes.

Verify that no exception was thrown. It is still advisable to use one or more

Assert statements.

Verify that a particular exception is thrown.

11.4 DEBUGGING

The compiler can detect syntax errors but it is unable to detect run time errors,

which result in incorrect output. To trace these types of errors in the program the

debugging has to be done by the programmer.

Debugging is a cycle of detection, location, repair and test. Debugging is a

hypothesis testing process. When bug is detected, the tester must form a

hypothesis about the cause and location of the bug. Future examination of the

execution of the program will take place to confirm the hypothesis. If the

hypothesis is demonstrated to be incorrect, a new hypothesis must be formed.

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CHAPTER - 12

IMPLEMENTATION OF SECURITY

It is critical in system development. The analyst has a responsibility to design a

workable security system to protect the system from damage, error, and

unauthorized access.

Types of Issues related to security :

1. System Security

2. System Integrity : Proper functioning of hardware & programs.

3. System Privacy.

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4. System Confidentiality.

Some threats to system security :

1. Errors & Omissions

2. Disgruntled and dishonest employees

3. Fire

4. External attack.

Security Measures :

1. User need to be authenticated .

2. An encryption mechanism is used to ensure better scurity.

CHAPTER - 13

VALIDATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

13.1 VALIDATION

The only validation in this project is that the registration number of the each

student is unique i.e, it should not be same.

13.2 IMPLEMENTATION

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This is the important phase of the System Development Life

Cycle,where the actual implementation of the designed system occurs.

Implementatin is a process that includes all those activities that take place to

convert an old system to a new system. There are three types of implementation:

1. Implementation of computer system to replace a manual system :

The problems encountered are converting files, training users, creating accurate

files, and verifying printouts for integrity.

2. Implementation of new computer system to replace an existing one :

This is usally difficult conversion. If not properly planned there can be many

problems. Some large computer Systems have taken as long as a year to convert.

Implementation of modified application to replace an existing one using the same

computer. This type of conversion is relatively easy to handle provided there are

no major changes in the file.

Implementation uses the design document to produce code.

Demonstration that the program satisfies its specifications validates the code.

Typically, sample runs of the program demonstrating the behaviour for expected

data values and boundary values are required

218


modules and works toward the main program. Test harness is used to test

individual modules. The main module constitutes the final test harness.

13.3 MAINTENANCE

Once the software is delivered and deployed, then maintenance phase starts.

Software requires maintenance because there are some residual errors remaining in

the system that must be removed as they discovered. Maintenance involves

understanding the existing software (code and related documents ), understanding

the effects of change, making the changes, testing the new changes, and retesting

the old parts that were not changed. The complexity of the maintenance task

makes maintenance a most costly activity in the life of the software product.

It is believed that almost all the software yhat is developed has residual

errors, or bugs, in them. These errors needs to be removed when discovered that

leads to the software change. This is called corrective maintenance. Corrective

maintenance means repairing, processing or performance failures or making

alterations because of previously ill defined problems.

Software undergoes change frequently even without bugs because the

software must be ugraded and enhanced to include more features and provide

more services. This also requires modification of the software.

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CHAPTER 14

LIMITATIONS

Education system forms the backbone of every nation. The success of

this system lies in correct knowledge dissemination process blended with smooth

and efficient functioning of management system. Technology at schools can play a

very crucial role in streamlining the whole system of education.

Major Limitations And Challenges In Front Of The Schools to implement a

School Management Software.

220


1. Mental blocks

2. Schools are doing well without IT

3. It adds a lot of cost on school.

4. Our teachers and other users are not techno savvy.

5. Not all our parents are IT enabled so what's the point.

6. Who will manage the data.

CHAPTER - 15

FUTURE AND SCOPE APPLICATIONS

15.1 Future Extention

Since nothing is perfect in this world.There is always a scope of inprovement.

Present System has some drawbacks that can be removed in the next version. The

following may be incorporated as extention :

1. Personal mailing and chatting.

2. Fees can be deposited online by credit card also.

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3. On-line Test.

15.2 Scope

The main scope of the School Management System is to ensure the systematic

efficiency in school administration and the delivery of service mechanism.

This project will be useful for any schools and colleges with slightly

modification. It may be used for English medium as well as Hindi medium school.

Project is flexible i.e, any change / modification in database may be perform

easily. Also this project could be made web enabled.

CONCLUSION

School Management Systems are being identified as an appropriate

method for managing information in schools.

In this project, we developed an automated school management system

that facilitates the various activities taking place at schools.

A package can be only developed successfuly if the developer has a

widespread undertaking about the nature of the existing problems. Obviosly,

developer should try to tackle each and every problem encountered regarding

implementation of the new system. It is envident that most of the time it is not

222


possible to make such package that can solve the entire problems some bugs may

always be there. This is because of the nature of the problem and designed of the

package.

School Management System is comletely user-friendly system, which

can be operated by the person having no computer background or very less

computer knowledge. It will be unjustified if it claimed that this project is perfect

in all respects. Therefore project has some limitation and needed to provide

perfection to this projects.

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