BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA) I SEMESTER: BCA-101: LANGUAGE I I SEMESTER: BCA-102: LANGUAGE II Syllabus is to be followed as prescribed for 1 st semester of B.B.M. course of Mangalore University. I SEMESTER: BCA-103 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE UNIT-1 Overview of C (3 Hours) Importance of C, Sample C programs, Basic structure of C Programs, Programming style, executing a C Program. Constants, Variables, and Data Types (3 Hours) Character set, C tokens, Keywords and identifiers, Constants, Variables, Data types, Declaration of variables, Assigning values to variables Defining symbolic constants Operators and Expression (6 Hours) Arithmetic of Operators, Relational operators, Logical operators Assignment operators, Increment and decrement operators, Conditional operator, Bit wise operators, Special operators, Arithmetic expressions, Evaluation of expressions, Precedence of arithmetic operators, Type conversions in expressions, Operator precedence and associatively, Mathematical functions. UNIT-2 Managing Input and Output Operations (3 Hours) Reading a character, Writing a character, Formatted input, Formatted output Decision Making and Branching (3 Hours) Decision making with IF statement, Simple IF statement, The IF ELSE statement, Nesting of IF ... ELSE statements, The ELSE IF ladder, The switch statement, The ?: Operator, The GOTO statement. Decision Making and Looping (3 Hours) The WHILE statement, The DO statement, The FOR statement, Jumps in loops Arrays (3 Hours) One-dimensional arrays, Two-dimensional arrays, Initializing two-dimensional arrays.
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BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA) I SEMESTER: BCA-101: LANGUAGE I
I SEMESTER: BCA-102: LANGUAGE II Syllabus is to be followed as prescribed for 1st semester of B.B.M. course of Mangalore University. I SEMESTER: BCA-103 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
UNIT-1
Overview of C (3 Hours)
Importance of C, Sample C programs, Basic structure of C Programs, Programming style, executing a C Program. Constants, Variables, and Data Types (3 Hours) Character set, C tokens, Keywords and identifiers, Constants, Variables, Data types, Declaration of variables, Assigning values to variables Defining symbolic constants Operators and Expression
(6 Hours) Arithmetic of Operators, Relational operators, Logical operators Assignment operators, Increment and decrement operators, Conditional operator, Bit wise operators, Special operators, Arithmetic expressions, Evaluation of expressions, Precedence of arithmetic operators, Type conversions in expressions, Operator precedence and associatively, Mathematical functions.
UNIT-2 Managing Input and Output Operations
(3 Hours) Reading a character, Writing a character, Formatted input, Formatted output Decision Making and Branching
(3 Hours) Decision making with IF statement, Simple IF statement, The IF ELSE statement, Nesting of IF ... ELSE statements, The ELSE IF ladder, The switch statement, The ?: Operator, The GOTO statement. Decision Making and Looping
(3 Hours) The WHILE statement, The DO statement, The FOR statement, Jumps in loops Arrays (3 Hours) One-dimensional arrays, Two-dimensional arrays, Initializing two-dimensional arrays.
UNIT-3
Handling of character strings (4 Hours) Declaring and initializing string variables, Reading strings from terminal, Writing strings to screen, Arithmetic operations on characters, Putting strings together Comparison of two strings, String-handling functions, Table of strings User-Defined Functions (8 Hours) Need for user-defined functions, multi-function program, The form of C functions Return values and their types, Calling a function Category of functions, Handling of non-integer functions, Nesting of functions, Recursion, Functions with arrays, The scope and lifetime of variables in functions.
UNIT-4 Structures and Unions (6 Hours) Structure definition, Giving values to members, Structure initialization Comparison of structure variables, Unions, Size of structures Pointers and File Handling (6 Hours) Understanding pointers. Accessing the address of a variable, Declaring and initializing pointers, Accessing a variable through its pointer, Introduction to File Processing, I/O operations. Text Books 1. Programming in ANSI C 2nd Edition by E Balagurusawmi Published by Tata McGraw Hill. Reference Books l. Computer Programming in C by V Rajaraman, PHI, NewDelhi, 1995. 2. Programming in C by Hutchison.R, McGraw Hill, New York, 1990. 3. Application program in C by Johnsonburgh, Rand Kalin,M.
I SEMESTER: BCA-104 FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
UNIT-1 Amazing Computer (4 Hours) Computer as multipurpose tool -Overview of the Computer system - looking inside the machine - Software brings machine to life - shapes of Computer today. Processing Data (4 Hours) Transforming data into information - How a Computer processes data - factors affecting processing speed - CPU's used in personal Computers. Interacting with Computer (4 Hours) The Keyboard - the mouse - other input devices - The monitor - Printers - Sound systems - Connecting I/O devices to the Computer.
UNIT -2 Storing information in a Computer (4 Hours) Types of storage devices - Magnetic storage devices, Optical Storage devices, Measuring device performance. Operating System and the user interface (4 Hours) What is an Operating System - the use interface - running programs - managing files - managing hardware - Enhancing the operating system with utility Software typical operating systems in use. Word Processing and Desktop publishing (4 Hours) The many uses of word processing Software - Entering text -Editing' text Formatting text - advanced word processing-feature_ - desktop publishing Software.
UNIT-3 Spread Sheets (4 Hours) Uses of Spread sheets - creating a worksheet - creating formulas - Editing, the worksheet - Adding charts -Analyzing the data - additional tools. Database Management systems (4 Hours) Data and Information - the database - DBMS relationship-working with a database creating tables - Editing records -querying database - generating report. Graphics (4 Hours) Working with images - types of graphics files - £letting existing images into your Computer - Graphics Software.
UNIT-4 The New Media (4 Hours) Power of interactivity - Multimedia - creating Multimedia --Multimedia tools - Multimedia authoring. Computers in Business (4 Hours) Why businesses need information - types of business Software - Evolution of business computing - building flexible systems for the user- Corporate culture shock. Information System (4 Hours) What is an information System - types of information Systems – System development life cycle. Text Books 1.Peter Norton's 'Introduction to Computers', Second edition, TMH. Reference Books 1. Computer, Fundamentals - P K Sinha,BPB
2. Introduction to Computers - N Subramanian, TMH
3. Understanding Computers - R Rajagopalan. TMH
4. Computers Today - Donald Sanders, MGH
5. Computers Today - Suresh K Basandra, Galgotia
I SEMESTER: BCA-105 MATHEMATICS
UNIT-l Algebra (12 Hours)
Introduction, partial function, logarithms, mathematical induction, summation of finite series, theory of equations, binomial theorem.
UNIT-2 Trigonometry (12 Hours) Radian, trigonometric functions, heights and distances, allied angles, graphs of trigonometric functions Complex numbers.
UNIT-3 Analytical geometry (12 hours)
Points, straight lines, pair of lines Circle and conics
UNIT-4
Calculus and graph theory (12 Hours) Limits and continuity, graph theory Differentiation, Applications of differentiations Integration and differential equations
Text Books 1. Theory and Problems in Mathematics - I by BOSCO Publications 2004. 2. Theory and Problems in Mathematics - II by BOSCO Publications 2005 3. Engineering Mathematics, Volumes I-IV by S Chandrasekhar.
BCA-l06 LABORATORY: - (Based on BCA-l03) BCA-l07 LABORATORY: - (Based on BCA-l04)
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
II SEMESTER : BCA-201 LANGUAGE I II SEMESTER: BCA-202 LANGUAGE II Syllabus is to be followed as prescribed for 2nd semester of B.B.M. course of Mangalore University.
II SEMESTER: BCA-203 VISUAL PROGRAMMING
UNIT-l
Introduction to Visual Basic - 6, Forms and Simple applications (6 Hours) VB6 development environment, Menu bar, Title bar, tool buttons, Help system, Project properties - components and references in VB6 environment. New projects, properties window, Form properties, Writing code for Form events (load, activate etc) Building the user interface (6 Hours) Controls and their properties, command buttons, text boxes, image controls, labels, list and combo boxes, tab controls, grids.
UNIT-2 VB Language (6 hours) Statements, variables and their scope, strings, various loops - for, do etc, if-else, case, nested if and goto Functions, sub procedures, passing by reference, passing by value, optional parameters, Param Array Keyword, Records (User-Defined Types), The With Statement, Enums Building Larger Projects (6 Hours) Projects with Multiple Forms, Navigating Among Forms: The Project Explorer, How to Handle Multiple Forms at Run Time, Code Modules: Global Procedures and Global Variables, Fine Points About the Scope of Procedures, Addin_1 or Removing Existing Code Modules, The DoEvents Function and Sub Main, Accessing Windows Functions, Error Trapping, More on the Err Object.
UNIT-3
Database Development Using Visual Basic (12 Hours) Some General Words on Modern Databases, How Tables Are Organized and Related, Using the Data Control" Other Properties of the Data Control Commonly Set at Design Time (for Access-Style Databases).. Setting Properties at Run Time, Programming with the Data Control, Structured Query Language (SQL) Basics, More on SELECT Statements, Finding Records Using SQL, Modifying a Table's Data Through SQL.
An Introduction to Programming with Database Objects, Other Use1ul Methods and E\lef\\s for the Data Control, Putting Bookmarks in a Table, Monitoring Changes to the Database, Transaction Control, The Data Form Wizard, DAO, HDO and ADO objects for database accessing, ODB,C and DSN concepts. UNIT-4 (6 Hours) Communicating with Other Windows Applications The Clipboard, Selecting Text in Visual Basic, Clipboard Formats and Graphics Transfers, Clipboard Example Program, Running Another Windows Program from Within Visual Basic: The Shell function, Sending Keystrokes to the Active Windows Application. Overview of COM/OLE, Using the OLE Client Control, Creating OLE Objects, Using the OLE Client Control at Design Time, Past._ Special, OLE Properties, OLE Automation, Using OLE Automation, Building COM/OLE DLL Servers, OLE Drag and Drop, Working with OLE Drag and Drop. Building ActiveX Controls (6 Hours) First Steps, Testing the Control, Polishing the Presentation of Your Control, Adding the Functionality, Restricting Key presses, Restricting Paste Operations, Adding Custom Events Text Books 1.Visual Basic 6 from the Ground up by Gary Cornell published by Tata McGraw Hill reprinted 2000 Reference Books l. Visual Basic 5 Developer guide by Anthony T. Mann, SAMS Publications. 2.Visual C++ 5 Developers guide by David Bennett, et al., SAMS Publications. 3.Visual Basic 5 by Nathan Gurewich and Ori Gurewich., SAMS Publications,Tech Media, 1997
II Semester: BCA 204 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)
UNIT-l Introduction to Database System Concepts and Architecture (6 Hours) Databases and Database Users, Characteristics of the Database Approach, Advantages of Using a DBMS, Implications of the Database Approach Data Models, Schemas, and Instances, DBMS Architecture and Data Independence, Database Languages and Interfaces, The Database System Environment, Classification of Database Management Systems Data Modeling Using "The Entity-Relationship Model (6 Hours) High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design, Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys, Relationships, Relationship Types, Roles, and Structural Constraints, Weak Entity Types, ER Diagrams.. Naming Conventions, and Design Issues
UNIT-2 Record Storage and Primary File Organizations (6 Hours) Secondary Storage Devices, Parallel zing Disk Access Using RAID Technology, Buffering of Blocks, Placing File Records on Disk, Operations on Files, Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files), Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files), Hashing Techniques, Other Primary File Organizations Index Structures for Files (6 Hours) Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes, Multilevel Indexes, Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees, Indexes on Multiple Keys, Other Types of III Indexes
UNIT -3 Relational Data Model, Relational Constraints, and Relational Algebra (12Hours) Relational Model Concepts, Relational Constraints and Relational Database Schemas, Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations, Basic Relational Algebra Operations, Additional Relational Operations, Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra.
UNIT-4 SQL-The Relational Database Standard (12 Hours) Data Definition, Constraints, and Schema Changes in SQL2, Basic Queries in SQL, More Complex SQL Queries, Insert, Delete, and Update Statements in SQL, Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL, Specifying General Constraints as Assertion, Additional Features of SQL Text Books l. Fundamentals of Database Systems by Navate and Elamsri - Addison Wesley 2000. Reference Books l.Database Systems Concepts, 3rd edition by Abraham Silberschatz, Henry Korth and S. Sudarshan McGraw Hill International Editions.
2.Introduction to Database systems by CJ Date, Published by Addison-Wesley. 3.Principles of database systems by Ullman,. computer science press, 1984. 4.Introduction to database systems by Bipin c.Desai, Galgotia. 5.Visual basic for windows by Garry Cornell, McGraw Hill, 1992.
II SEMESTER : BCA-205: COMPUTER ORGANISATION AND ARCHITECTURE
UNIT –1
Computer Operation (6 Hours) Electronic digital computers, Application of computers to problems, Business Applications, Scientific Applications, Some different types of computer systems, Computers in control systems, Basic components of a digital computer, Construction of memory{ Instructions, Multiplication Instruction, Branch, skip or Jump Instructions, Programming Systems, Assembly languages, High level languages, A short introduction to high level languages. Number Systems (6 Hours) Binary number, Number base conversion{ Octal and Hexadecimal numbers, Complements{ Binary codes, Binary logic, Integrated Circuits, Floating point numbers and their representation, Performing arithmetic operation with floating point numbers
UNIT -2 Boolean Algebra And Gate Networks (12 Hours) Basic definitions, Axiomatic definition of Boolean Algebra, Basic theorems and properties of Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, Canonical and Standard forms, other logic operations, Digital logic gates, The map method, Two and three variable maps, Four - variable maps{ Don't Care conditions(only in respect to Sum of product).
UNIT -3 Logic Design (12 Hours) Introduction, Flip flops, Triggering of flip flops, State diagram and state table, Flip flop excitation table, Design of sequential circuits, 2-bit magnitude comparator, Registers, Shift registers, [Note: Bi-directional shift register with parallel load not included],'Ripple counters, Synchronous Counters.
UNIT – 4 The Arithmetic And logic unit (l2 Hours) Construction of AW, Integer Representation, Binary Half Adder Full Adder, A parallel binary adder, Positive and negative numbers, Addition in the 1s compliment system, Addition in the 2s Complement system, Binary Coded decimal adder, Positive and negative BCD numbers, Addition and Subtraction in the 9s complement system, Shift operation. Text Book 1: Digital Computer Fundamentals, Sixth edition, TMH by _ Thomas. C. Bartee 2: Digital Logic And Computer Design, PHI by - M. Morris Mano II SEMESTER BCA-206 LABORATORY: - (Based on BCA-203) II SEMESTER BCA-207 LABORATORY:(Based on BCA - 204)
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
III SEMESTER: BCA.301 MICROPROCESSORS
UNIT-1 Introduction and architecture of 8086 12 Hours
Historical evaluation of microprocessors, Microprocessor based computer system, Computer data formats. Internal Microprocessor architecture, The programming model, Different types of registers, flags, segment registers
UNIT 2 Addressing Modes Register, Immediate, Direct, Register indirect, Base plus Index, illustrative programs using instructions. (6 hours) Program memory-addressing modes, Stack memory-addressing modes, illustrative programs using instructions. (6 hours)
UNIT 3 Data Movement Instructions (6 Hours) MOV instruction - various types, Push, Pop, LEA, string data transfer, Miscellaneous data transfer instructions - XCHG, XLAT, segment override prefix, IN and OUT. Arithmetic and Logic instructions Add, Subtract. Multiply and Divide instructions, BCD and ASCII. Arithmetic, Basic logic instructions, Shift and Rotate, String comparison
UNIT -4 Program Control Instructions (6 hours) Jump - various types (conditional and un-conditional), Loop, Do-while and Repeat until loops in MASM 6.x, Procedures and parameter passing CALL and RET instructions Additional Topics (6 Hours) Introduction to interrupts, interrupt vectors, interrupt instructions, controlling the carry flag bit, WAIT, HL T, NOP, LOCK, ESC, BOUND, ENTER and LEAVE Text Books 1.Jntel Microprocessors 4th edition by Burry M Bray - PHI. Reference Books 1. Microprocessor X86 programming by KR Venugopal and Rajkumar, BPB publications 1995
2.Schaums Series Assembly language programming.
3.Microprocessors and Interfacing by D.V.Hall, Tata McGraw Hill.
III SEMESTER: BCA-302 OPERATING SYSTEMS
UNIT-l
Introduction (6 Hours) Operating System, Simple Batch Systems, Multi programmed Batched Systems, Time-Sharing Systems, Real-Time Systems, System Components, Operating system services File System (6 Hours) File concept, Access Methods, Directory Structure, File-System Structure, Allocation Methods, Free-Space Management, Protection of file system.
UNIT-2 Process (6 hours) Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Cooperating process, Threads CPU Scheduling Basic concepts, Scheduling criteria, Scheduling algorithms (6 Hours)
UNIT-3 Process Synchronization (6 Hours) The Critical section problem, Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores, Classical Problems of Synchronization Deadlocks (6 Hours) Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection, Recovery from Deadlock
UNIT-4 Memory Management (6 Hours) Logical versus physical address space, Swapping, Contiguous Allocation, Par Segmentation Virtual Memory (6 Hours) Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Page – Replacement algorithms, Allocation of Frames Text Books 1.Operating System Concepts - 5th edition by Abraham Silberschartz and Peter Galvin, McGraw Hill, 2000 Reference Books 1. Operating System Design and Implementation by Andrew S Tanenbaum Prentice Hall India,
1990.
2. Operating system principles by Brinch Hansen. P., PHI.
3.Operating systems by Milan Milenkovic., McGraw Hill.
4.Logical design of operating systems by Show.A., PHI.
III SEMESTER: BCA- 303 DATA STRUCTURES
UNIT-1 Linear Data Structure and their sequential storage representation (12 Hours) Algorithmic notation, Concept and terminology for non-primitive Data structures, Storage structures for arrays, Structures and arrays of structures, Stacks, Definitions and Concepts, Operations on stacks, Applications of stacks, Recursion, Infix to postfix, Evaluating postfix expressions, Queues, Priority Queues
UNIT-2 Linear Data Structure and their Linked storage representation (12 Hours) Pointers and Linked Allocation, Linked linear lists, Operations on Linear lists using singly linked storage structures, Circularly linked linear lists, Doubly linked linear lists
UNIT -3 Nonlinear Data Structures (12 Hours) Trees - Definition and concepts, Operations on Binary Trees, Linked Storage Representations of Binary Trees, Tree creation and Traversal Graphs - Matrix representation of graphs, Breadth First Search, Depth First Search,
UNIT-4 Sorting and searching (12 Hours) Sorting, selection sort, Bubble sort, Merge sort, Quick sort, Radix sort, searching sequential searching, Binary searching, Search Tree Text Books
1. An Introduction to Data 'Structures with Applications 2nd edition – J.P. Trembly and Sorenson, McGraw Hill 2001.
Reference Books 1. Data structures using C & C++ by Yedidyah Langsun, Moshe J. Augenstein, Teneinbaum published by Prentice Hall of India ltd. 2. Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs by Niklaus Wirth Prentice Hall 1976. 3. Data structures and algorithms by Aho, A.V. Hopcroft and Ullman, J.E., Addison Wesley, 1980. 4. Fundamentals of data structures by Horowitze,E and Sahni,S., Galgotia bookstore. 5. Data structures and program design by Robert, L Krunse, PHI. 6. Data and File structures by Mary Lunis, PHI. 7. Theory and problems of Data structures by Seymour, Lipshutz, McGraw Hill
III SEMESTER: BCA-304 C++ AND OBJECT ORIENTED PARADIGM
UNIT-l Introduction and C++ Programming Basics (12 hours) Introduction to Object orientation, history and evolution, functions, program statements, white spaces, Output using cout, string constants, Preprocessor directives, constants, Integer Variables, Character Variables, input with cin, cascading using <<, expressions, precedence, floating point constants and variables, type conversion, Arithmetic operators, Library functions – header files, library files.
UNIT – 2 Programming Concepts (6 Hours) Loops and decisions, relational operators, for, while and do loops, if –else, switch, conditional operator, logical operators, precedence, break, continue and goto statements, structures and enumerated data types Functions (6 hours) Definitions, arguments, return values, reference arguments, overloaded functions, default arguments, Variables and storage classes
UNIT – 3 Objects and Classes (6 Hours) Objects and Classes, Member functions and data, private and public access modifiers, constructors, destructors, Objects in the real world, when to use objects Arrays (6 Hours) Definition, accessing array elements, Initializing arrays, Multidimensional arrays, Passing arrays to functions, arrays of structures, Arrays as class members, arrays of objects, strings, arrays of strings, string input and output
UNIT-4 Operator Overloading (6 Hours) Overloading unary operators, overloading binary operators, Data conversion between basic types, between objects and basic types, between objects of different classes, when to use what type of conversion, pitfalls of operator overloading and conversion. Inheritance (6 Hours) Base and derives class, Access control, The Protected access specifier, Overriding member functions, Class hierarchies, Abstract base class, Constructors and Member functions, Public and Private inheritance, Levels of inheritance,. Multiple Inheritance, Ambiguity in multiple inheritance, Containership - classes within class.
Text Books 1.Object Oriented Programming in Microsoft C++ by Robert Lafore - Galgotia Reprinted 1998 Reference Books 1.Object orientation: Concepts, analysis and design, languages, graphical user interfaces, standards by Setrag Khosha Fian and Ramzik Abnous., 2nd edition, John Wiley and sons inc, 1995.
III SEMESTER: BCA-305 Discrete Mathematics:
UNIT-l
Basics of Set Theory (12 Hours) Notation, Inclusion and Equality of sets, The power set, Operations on sets, Venn diagram, Set identities, Ordered pairs and n-tuples, Cartesian Products Relations and Ordering - Properties of binary relations in a Set, Relation Matrix and the Graph of a Relation, Equivalence Relations, Compatibility Relations, Composition of Binary Relation, Partial Ordering and Partially Ordered Set
UNIT-2 Functions (12. Hours) Definition and Introduction, Composition of Functions, Inverse Functions, Binary and n-ary Operations, Characteristic Function of a Set, Hashing Functions.
UNIT-3 Mathematical Logic (12 Hours) Statements and Notation, Connectives, Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction, Statement Formulas and Truth Tables, Logical Capabilities of Programming Languages, Conditional and Biconditional, Well-formed Formulas, Tautologies, Equivalence of Formulas, Duality Law, Tautological Implications.
UNIT -4 Graph Theory (12 Hours) Basic Definitions, Paths, Reachability and Connectedness, Matrix Representation of Graphs, Trees Text Books l. Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to Computer Science by J.P. Tremblay, R Manohar 3rd edition - Tata McGraw Hill Reference Books l. Discrete mathematical structures by B.Kolman, R.C.Busby and S.Ross, 3rd edition. 2.Introduction to discrete mathematics by Liu, C.L.,McGraw Hill, 2nd edition,1985 3.Discrete mathematics by S.A.Witala, McGraw Hill, 1987. III SEMESTER: BCA-306 LABORATORY: - (Based on I BCA-301 and BCA-302) III SEMESTER :BCA-307 LABORATORY: - (Based on _CA-303 and BC'A-304)
IV SEMESTER: BCA-401 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA UNIT-l
Raster Graphics Algorithm for 20 primitives (12 Hours) Introduction - Output Technology - Raster and Vector display system, Software portability and Graphic Standards, Conceptual Framework of Interactive Graphics Scan converting - lines, circles, and ellipses, Filling rectangles, polygons, ellipse arcs, pattern filling, Thick primitives, Line Style, Pen Style, Clipping in a Raster World, Clipping lines, circles, ellipses and polygons, Generating characters.
UNIT-2 20 Graphics (12 Hours) 2D transformations, Homogenous coordinates, Matrix representation of 2D transformation, Composition of 2D transformation, Window to View port transformation
UNIT -3 3D Graphics (12 Hours) Matrix representation of 3D transformation, Composition of 3D transformation, Transformations as change in coordinate systems
UNIT -4 Multimedia (12 Hours) Introduction, Multimedia data streams, sound and audio file formats, images and graphics file formats, data compression and optical storage media Text Books 1. Foley J.D Van Dan A. Fundamentals of interactive computer Graphics, Addison Wasley. 2. Multimedia Computing, communication and application by Rolfsteinmetz, Redson Education Reference Books 1. Hearn. D Baker P.M COMPUTER GRAPHICS (PHI) 2. Rogers D.F Adam J: Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics, McGraw Hill 3. Harrington 0: Computer Graphics -A programming approach, Tata McGraw Hill 4. Foley, JD Van Dam A, Feiner SK and Hughes; Computer Graphics principles and practice, Addison Wesley 5. Giloi WK Interactive computer graphics, prentices Hall 6. Newman W, Sproul R.F: Principles of Interactive computer Graphics, McGraw Hill 7. Rogers D.F Procedural Elements of computer Graphics. 8. Satish Gupta,Main Stream Multimedia, Van No stand 1993 9.Robert Jennings, Windows 3.1 Multimedia, Que Corporation "1992.
IV SEMESTER: BCA-402 INTERNET PROGRAMMING UNIT-l
Introduction to World Wide Web concepts (12 Hours) WWW/ Telnet and FTP, Electronic Mail, Introduction to HTML and Web Page authoring using HTML
UNIT-2 Introduction to JavaScript (12 Hours) Using JavaScript in an HTML page, Objects, properties, methods and events, variables and data types in JavaScript, String processing, arrays, Operators, Controlling the flow with conditions and looping, Adding components to scripts, The WINDOW object, DOCUMENT object, LOCATION object
UNIT-3 Introduction to VBScript (12 Hours) Using VBScript in an HTML page, VBScript variables, VBScript constants, operators, Conditional statements, Looping, Sub procedures and Function procedures, Using VBScript with HTML form controls, Data handling functions, string functions, date and time functions
UNIT-4 Style Sheets (6 Hours) Style sheet basics, Adding style to a document - Linking to a style sheet, Embedding and importing style sheets, Using in-line styles, Using classes and Ids, Style sheet properties - Cont, Text, Color, etc Extensible Markup Language (XML) (6 Hours) Why XML - picks up from where HTML left off, XML basics, XML structure, Naming rules in XML, Working with elements and attributes, Element content model, Checking well formedness, Creating valid documents, Developing a DTD, Viewing XML - using XML objects, using HTML tables and using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Text Books 1. XHTML Black Book: A Complete Guide to Mastering XHTML (Paperback) by Steven Holzner 2. Practical JavaScript programming by Reaz Hogue, Comdex Publication 3. VB Script, Introduction Course by Noel Jerke et al, Techmedia Publication 4. XML, the complete reference by' William et al, Tata McGraw Hill Reference Books
1. Programming Internet controls by Markus Pope, Galgotia. 2. Dynamic Html In Action, 2nd Ed. By Schurman, Pardi PHI
IV SEMESTER: BCA- 403 DATA MINING
UNIT –1
Introduction (6 Hours) Introduction to data mining and knowledge discovery Data Warehouse Data Warehouse, Applications of data mining (6 Hours)
UNIT -2 Knowledge Discovery (6 Hours) Knowledge discovery from databases. stages - Data Selection, Cleaning, Enrichment, Coding, Data Mining... Visualization Techniques) Clustering (6 Hours) Role of logic and probability in data mining. Clustering paradigms. Clustering for data mining
UNIT-3 DM and Artificial Intelligence (12 Hours) Data mining using neural networks and genetic algorithms, Inductive logic programming and knowledge discovery. Integrating inductive and deductive reasoning for data mining
UNIT -4 Association Rules (6 Hours) Fast discovery of association rules Frequent Episodes (6 Hours) Discovery of frequent episodes in event sequences REFRENCE BOOKS 1. Data Mining Techniques - Arun K Pujari published by Universities Press 5th Impression 2003 2. Data Mining by Pieter Adriaans and Dolt Zantinge Published by Syllogic - Pearson Education 7th Indian Reprint 2003 3. Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Jiawei Han and Micheline Kanmbar Elsevier Science, India.
IV SEMESTER :BCA-404 TCP IP PROTOCOL AND PROGRAMMING
UNIT-l Introduction to Internet (3 Hours) TCP/IP Internet, Internet services, History and Scope of The Internet, Internet Architecture Board, IAF reorganization, The Internet Society, Internet Request For Comments, Internet Protocols and Standardization Network Technologies (3 Hours) Approaches to Network communication - Wide Area N'3twork and Local Area Networks, Ethernet technology, FDDI, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ARPANET, National Science Foundation Networking, ANSNET Internetworking Concept and Architecture (3 Hours) Application level interconnection, Network level interconnection, Internet architecture, Interconnection through IP routers, Universal Identifiers, The three primary classes of IP addresses, Network and Broadcast addresses, Limited Broadcast, Interpreting 'zero' to mean 'This', Dotted decimal notation, Loop back address, Internet addressing authority Mapping Internet Address To Physical Address (ARP) (3 Hours) The Address resolution problem, The two types of physical addresses, Resolution through direct mapping, Resolution through dynamic binding, The address resolution cache, ARP refinements, Relationship of ARP to other Protocols
UNIT-2 Internet Protocol - Connectionless Datagral11 Delivery (6 Hours) A virtual network, Internet architecture and philosophy, The concept of unreliable delivery, Connectionless delivery system, Purpose of the Internet Protocol, The internet datagram and its options Internet Protocol - Routing IP datagrams (6 Hours) Direct and indirect delivery, Table driven IP routing, Next Hop IP routing, Default Routes, Host specific Routes, The IP Routing Algorithms, Routing with IP Addresses, Handling incoming Datagrams, Establishing Routing Tables
UNIT-3 Subnet and Supernet Address Extensions (3 Hours) Minimizing Network numbers, Transparent Routers, Proxy ARP, Subnet addressing, Flexibility in subnet addressing, Implementation of subnets with masks, Subnet mask Representation, Routing in the presence of subnets, broadcasting to subnets, Supernet addressing, The effect of supernet addressing on Routing Protocol Layering (6 Hours) The need for multiple protocols, Conceptual layers of Protocol software, Functionality of the layers, X.25 and its relation to ISO model, difference between x.25 and Internet Layering, Protocol layering principle, Layering in the presence of Network Substructure, The two important boundaries in the TCP/IP Model, Disadvantage of layering, The basic idea behind Multiplexing and demultiplexing Client-Server Model of Interaction (3 Hours) Client-Server Model and a simple example - UDP echo server, Time and Date service, The complexity 'f servers, Alternatives to the Client Server Model
UNIT-4 The Socket Interface (12 Hours) Unix I/O paradigm and Network I/O, Adding network I/O to Unix, The socket abstraction, . Creating a socket, Socket inheritance and termination, Specifying a local address, Connecting sockets to destination addresses, Sending and Receiving data through a socket, Obtaining local and remote socket addresses, Obtaining and setting socket options Specifying Que length for a server, How a server accepts connections, Servers that handle multiple connections, Obtaining and setting Host Names, Obtaining and setting the Internet Host Domain, BSD Unix network library calls, Network byte order conversion routines, Accessing the Domain Name System, Obtaining information about Hosts, Networks, Protocols, Network Services, Example Client and Server. Text Books 1. Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol- I by Douglas E Comer. Reference Books 1. TCP/IP by Washburn Evans., Addison Wesley. 2. TCP/IP Architecture, Protocols and Implementation by Sidnie Feit., International edition, 1993. 3. TCP/IP illustrated Vol - I, II and III by Steven et al, Addison Wesley
IV SEMESTER: BCA 405-E1: COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL ANALYSIS {CONA) UNIT-l System of Linear algebraic equations Definitions, Direct methods of solving system of equations, Crammer Rule, Gauss Elimination Method, Gauss-Jordan. Elimination Method, Triangularisation Method, Matrix Norm, Iteration Methods - Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel UNIT-:2 Interpolation and Approximation (12 Hours) Lagrange interpolation, Newton interpolation, Finite Difference Operators, Interpolating polynomials using finite difference operators
UNIT -3 Numerical differentiation and integration Finite difference formula for differentiation. Trapezoidal and Simpson's rules of integration.
(12 Hours) UNIT-4
Solution of ordinary differential equations (12 Hours) Single step Methods & multi-step methods for initial value problems Solution of boundary value problems in ordinary differential equations. Text Books 1. Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis By S S Shastry, Third Edition, 2000, PHI Publication. Reference Books 1. Jain M.K., Iyenger, S.R. K & Jain, R.K., Numerical methods for scientific & Engineering Computation, Wiley Eastern, Third Edition 2. Jain M.K., Numerical Solution of differential Equations, Wiley Eastern, 1984.
IV SEMESTER: BCA 405 -E2 COMPUTER ORIENTED STATISTICAL METHODS(COSM)
UNIT-1 Introduction (3 Hours) Introduction to probability, Sample space, Conditional probability, independent events problems. One Dimensional variables (9 Hours) One-dimensional random variables, probability mass functions and density functions, cumulative distribution functions, mean variance, Checbyshev's inequality, and problems.
UNIT-2 Two and Higher Dimensional variables (12 Hours) Two and higher dimensional random variables, marginal and conditional distributions, Independence of random variables, Covariance's, Correlation, problems.
UNIT-3 Sampling theory (12 Hours) Random samples, Calculation of mean, variance, correlation coefficient and linear regression for samples - problems, The Central limit theorem, Chi-square, t and F distributions (statement only), problems.
UNIT-4 Parameter estimation (12 Hours) Point estimation, unbiased-ness and consistency, the maximum likelihood estimates. Interval estimation of means and variances - problems Text Books 1. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics by R.V. Hogg and A.T.Craig - Mac Milan Publication. Reference Books 1. Introduction to probability and statistics for Engineers and Scientists by Sheldon M Ross" John Wiley (W.E). 2. Probability and statistics for Engineers by Miller,Freund cmd Bhoosen ., Prentice Hall of India.
IV SEMESTER: BCA 405: E3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DIESIGN (SAD) UNIT-l
System design environment (6 Hours) Introduction and definition of a system, Examples of systems, Case study - an interactive marketing system - why system analysis, what does a system analyst do, who are all involved in computer based system Gathering Information (6 Hours) Information sources, methods of gathering information - interviewing, questionnaires, following up for detailed information, gathering information by prototyping, ethnographic studies, techniques of analysis - participation, observation etc
UNIT-2 Problem Solving (5 Hours) The liner life cycle of system development, staged design, Team centered development, Evolutionary design, Prototypes, Synthesis, Choosing a. problem solving cycle for a given problem Starting a Project (4 Hours) Finding the problem, Justifying a project, Generating broad alternative solutions, Evaluating the proposal, Economic feasibility, Selecting an alternative, Defining a project plan, preparing a project proposal Describing Data (3 Hours) Conceptual Modeling, Entity-relationship analysis, Building Entity Relationship models, Entity relationship and Data Flow Diagrams
Project Dictionary entries, Using and Maintaining the Project Dictionary Designing the New System (3 Hours) System objectives, Problem solving through structured system techniques, designing the new logical model, designing the new physical model, Design process User Interface Design (3 hours) Interactive interfaces, interfaces for personal support, interfaces for work groups, interface design tools, Offline processing interface (input and output)
UNIT-4 Relational Analysis (3 Hours) Relations - normal form and non-normal form, Functional dependencies, Second normal form, Third normal form and optimal normal form, fourth and fifth normal forms Database Design (3 Hours) Logical record structure, database specification, conversion to Relational database management system, Physical design Program Design (3 Hours) Steps in program design, structure charts, structured design, conversion from DFD to structure charts, structured programming, Reports and enquiries Systems testing and Quality assurance (3 Hours) Inspections, Walkthroughs, Follow up, walk through team composition, walkthrough documentation, follow up Text Books 1. An Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design by Hawryskiewycz - PHI Third Edition Reference Books: 1. Analysis and Design of Information systems by James A Senn., McGraw Hill, 1989. 2. Systems Analysis and Design by Davis W S., Addison Wesley, 1983. IV SEMESTER: BCA-406 LABORATORY: - (Based on BCA-401) IV SEMESTER: BCA-407 LABORATORY: - (Based on BCA-402)
V SEMESTER: BCA - 501 JAVA PROGRAMMING
UNIT-:I Introduction (6 Hours) Origin and features - platform independent, object oriented etc, How Java differs from C and C++, Java and internet, Java and WWW, Web Browsers - Hot Java, Netscape, Internet explorer, Java - JDK and API Language Reference (6 Hours) Java Program Structure, Java Tokens, Java statements, Java Virtual machine, Command line Parameters, Java Variables and Arrays, Operators - Arithmetic, Bit wise, and Relational Boolean, Decision Making and Branching - if-else, switch, ?: operator, while, do, for and jumps in loops, labeled loops
UNIT-2 Classes Objects and Methods (6 Hours) Class fundamentals, Declaration, Assignment, Methods, Constructors, Methods Overloading, Static Members, nesting of methods Inheritance (6 Hours) Method. overriding, Final variables and methods, Abstract methods and classes, Visibility controls - access modifiers
UNIT-3 Arrays, Strings and Vectors (6 Hours) One and two dimensional arrays, Strings, vectors and wrappers Interfaces (3 Hours) Defining, extending, implementing interfaces. Accessing interface variables Packaging (3 Hours) Java API packages, system packages, naming conventions, creating and accessing a package, adding a class to a package, hiding classes
UNIT-4 Multi-threads Programming (6 Hours)
Java thread Model, Main Thread, creating CI Thread, Creating Multiple Threads, Extending the thread class, Stopping and blocking a thread, Life cycle of a thread, Using thread methods, Thread priority and synchronization, Inter thread communication, implementing the ‘runnable’ interface Managing Errors and Exceptions (3 hours) Fundamentals, types, and their usage. try-catch-final/y structure Applets (3 Hours) Fundamentals, types and their usage. Text Books 1. Balaguruswamy, Programming with Java - A PRIMER, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition Reference books: 1. The Complete Reference - Java-2 by Herbert Schildt Published by Tata McGrawHill India 2. Java for you by P.Koparkar, PHI. 3. Java Handbook by Naughton, TMH.
V SEMESTER: BCA- 502 DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
UNIT-l Principles of DC and Distributed databases 12 Hrs Introduction of principles of DC, Query processing and concurrency control in DBMS UNIT-2 Distributed Database concept, Distributed Concurrency Control, Commit Protocols
12 Hrs UNIT-3 Distributed deadlock detection and resolution, Distributed Algorithms 12 Hrs UNIT-4 12 Hrs Distributed Programming Developing distributed applications using Servlets and JSP, development of Enterprise-wide applications. Text Book 1. Advanced Concepts in Operating System By Mukesh Singhal and Niranjan Shivarathri (THM) { Chapters 41. to 4.5 , 6.1 to 6.6 7.1 to 7.6, 7.7.1-7.8.1, 7.9,8.l to 8.4.2, 13.1 to 13.6,} . 2. Distributed databases - Principles and Systems By Geri S. and Pelagathi S McGraw Hill ( Chapters 1,3.1 and 3.2 } 3. An Introduction to Databases by Desai {1S.S and 1S.7} 4. Professional JSP 2nd Edition by Simon Brown, Robert Burdick, Jayson Falkner, Ben Galbraith, Rod Johnson, Larry Kim, Casey Kochmer, Thor Kristmundsson, Sing Li, Wrox Publication.
V SEMESTER: BCA-503 E-COMMERCE:
UNIT-l Introduction (12 Hours) Business to business commerce, Business to consumer commerce (Building blocks of electronic commerce. Applications. Internet and networking technologies, Internet languages, Internet and network protocols
UNIT -2 EC Security (12 Hours) Electronic money and electronic payment systems, Security of transactions, Review of cryptographic tools, Secure financial transaction, Payment protocols and standards, observers, anonymity, privacy, traceability, Key certification, management and escrow
Software technologies for building e-commerce applications, Distributed objects, Object request brokers, and object oriented application frameworks TEXT BOOKS 1. e-commerce Concerts. Models and Strategies by CSV Murthy First Edition Himalayan Publications (Sections 10.21 to 10.28,13.19 to 13.25" chapter 19, chapter 21.17 to 21.22) 2. Frontiers of e-commerce by Kalakota & Winston Indian Edition 2001 ( Chapters 5.4, 6.1 to 6.4, 8,22.2 to 22.5) 3. e-commerce The Cutting Edge of Business by Kamalesh Bajaj and Debjani
V SEMESTER: BCA-504 : SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
UNIT-l (3 Hours) Introduction The Software Problem, Software Engineering Problem, The Software Engineering Approach Software Processes (9 Hours) Software Process, Characteristics of a Software Process, Software Development Process, Waterfall Model, Prototyping, Iterative Enhancement, Spiral Model, Project Management Process, Phases of management process, Metrics, Measurement, and Models, Software Configuration Management Process, Configuration Identification, Change control, Status accounting and auditing, Process Management Process, Building estimation models, Process Improvement and maturity,
UNIT-2 Software Requirements Analysis and Specification (6 Hours) Software Requirements, Need for SRS, Requirement process, Problem Analysis, Analysis Issues, Informal Approach, Structured Analysis, Proto typing, Requirements Specification, Characteristics of an SRS, Components of an SRS, Specification Languages, Structure of a Requirements Document, Validation, Requirement Reviews Preliminary Design (6 Hours) Design Principles, Module-Level Concepts, Design Notation and Specification, Data Flow Diagrams, Structured Design Methodology, Verification
UNIT-4 Testing and Maintenance (12 Hours) Testing Fundamentals, Error, Fault, and Failure, Test Oracles, Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches, Test Cases and Test Criteria, Psychology of Testing, Functional Testing, Equivalence class partitioning, Boundary value analysis, Cause effect graphing, Structural Testing, Control flow based criteria, Data flow based testing, Preventive and Corrective Maintenance TEXT BOOKS 1.Integrated Approach to Software Engineering by Jalote Pankaj.
V SEMESTER: BCA-505 : Artificial Intelligence
UNIT-I
(12 Hours)
Overview of AI: Introduction to AI, Importance of AI, AI and its related field, AI techniques, Criteria for success. Problems, problem space and search: Defining the problem as a state space search, Production system and its characteristics, Issues in the design of the search problem
Heuristic search techniques :Generate and test, hill climbing, best first search technique, problem reduction. constraint satisfaction
UNIT – II (12 Hours)
Knowledge representation: Definition and importance of knowledge, Knowledge representation, Various approaches used in knowledge representation, Issues in knowledge representation Using Predicate Logic: Representing Simple Facts in logic, Representing instances and 'is a' relationship, Computable function and predicate.
UNIT – III (12 Hours)
Natural language processing :Introduction syntactic processing, Semantic processing, Discourse and pragmatic processing Learning: Introduction learning, Rote learning, Learning by taking advice, Learning in problem solving, Learning from exa"1ple-induction, Explanation based learning
UNIT – IV (12 Hours)
Expert System: Introduction, Representing using domain specific knowledge, Expert system shells. LISP and other AI Programming Language Text Book: 1. E. Rich and K. Knight, "Artificial intelligence", TMH, ,2nd ed., 1999. Reference: 1. D.W. Patterson, "Introduction to AI and Expert Systems", PHI, 1999 2. Nils J Nilsson ,"Artificial Intelligence -A new Synthesis" 2nd Editor (2000), Harcourt Asia Ltd.
3. AI: A Modern Approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig Second Edition 2006, Prentice Hall
V SEMESTER: BCA- 506- El IMAGE PROCESSING
UNIT-l Introduction 4 Hours Background, Digital Image Representation, Fundamental steps in Image processing, Elements of Digital processing systems.- Image acquisition, storage, processing communication, Display. Digital Image Fundamentals 8 Hours Elements of Visual perception, Simple Image model, Sampling and quantization, Some basic relationship between pixels, Image geometry.
UNIT-II 12 hours Image Transformation, Introduction to Fourier Transform, The discrete Fourier transform, Some properties of the two dimensional Fourier transform.
UNIT-III Image Segmentation 12 hours Detection of Discontinuous, Edge linking and Edge. boundary detection, Thresholding, Region oriented segmentation, the use of motion in segmentation.
UNIT-IV
Image Enhancement 12 hours Background, Enhancement by point processing, Special filtering, Enhancement in the Frequency domain, Generation of special mask fror1, Frequency Domain specifications. Textbooks
1. RC. Gonzalez and R E. Woods, Digitaiimage Processing, Addison Wesley 1993 Reference Books 1. K. R. Cattleman, Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1996 2. K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image PnJcessing, Prentice-Hall, 1989 3. J. S. Lim, Two-Dimensional Signal and Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1990 4. D. E. Dudgeon and R. M. Mersereau, Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1984 . 5. Many supplemental sources on reserve in the library
V SEMESTER: BCA-506-E2 MANAGEMENT INFFORMATIION SYSTEMS
UNIT-l Introduction (6 Hours) Definition of management information systems, MIS as evolving concept MIS & other academic disciplines, subsystems, structure of MIS Information systems technology (6 Hours) Hardware Software and Communication technology for information systems, storage and retrieval of data, transaction Processing, office automation and information processing control functions.
UNIT-2 Conceptual Foundation (12 Hours) The decision making process, concepts of humans, as information processors, system concepts, Concepts of planning and control organizational structure and management concepts.
UNIT-3 Information based support systems (6 Hours) Support systems for planning, control and decision making support systems for management of knowledge work. Information system requirements (6 Hours) Developing a long-range information system plan, strategies for determination of information requirements, database requirements, user interface requirements.
UNIT-4 Development, implementation and management of information systems (12 Hours)
Developing and implementing application systems. Quality assurance and evaluation of information ,systems, organization and management of Information resources function, organizational and social Implications.
Text Books
l. Davis G B and Olson M H, Management Information Systems, McGraw Hill, 1984.
Reference Books l.Brabb G J, Computers and Information Systems in Business, Hunghton Miffin Co, 1976. 2.Murdick R G and Ross J E, Information Systems for Modern Management, Prentice Hall, India.
V SEMESTER: BCA-506-E3 UNIX PROGRAMMING UNIT - 1
UNIX Operating System Overview 4Hrs History, System Structure, Users perspective, Operating System services, Assumptions about Hardware The UNIX Kernel 4Hrs Architecture, Kernel Data structure, System Administration, Buffering of Reading & Writing Disc Blocks Files 4Hrs i-nodes, Regular File and Directory Structures, Path names and I-nodes, Super Block, Allocation of Disc Blocks, Other types of Files-Special Files
UNIT - 2 System Calls For The File System 6Hrs Open, Read, Write, File and record Locking, Iseek, Close, File Creation, Creation of Special files , Pipes, Mount and unmount operations of file systems, Link and Unlink, File system Abstractions and Maintenance Processes 6Hrs Process states and transitions, Layout of System memory, Context of a process, Context saving, Manipulation of a Process Address Space (No Subsections)
UNIT - 3 Process Control 6Hrs Process Creation, Signals, Process Termination, Awaiting process termination, Invoking other programs, User-id of a process, The shell, System Boot & init process Process Scheduling, Time & Memory Management 6Hrs Process scheduling Algorithm, System Calls For Time, Clock, Swapping, Demand Paging, A Hybrid System with swapping & demand paging
UNIT - 4 The I/O System 6Hrs Driver Interfaces, Disc Drivers, Terminal Drivers, Streams Inter-Process Communication 6Hrs Process Tracing, System V IPC, Network Communications, Sockets Text Books 1. The design of the UNIX operating system by _1aurice J Bach, PHI
V SEMESTER :BCA-5O7 LABORATORY: - (Based on BCA-5ol)
V SEMESTER :BCA-5O8 LABORATORY: - (Based on BCA-502 and BCA-503)
VI SEMESTER: PROJECT WORK AS MENTIONED IN THE: BCA REGULATION. Semesters I to IV
Part-A
Answer 10 out of 12 (short questions of 2 marks each) (2*10)
Part-B
To answer any 4 out of 8 questions each carrying 15 Marks (with or without sub-divisions, Each Question having choice within the same chapter) (4* 15)
Scheme of Examinations for Theory Papers
Semester V
Part-A
Answer 10 out of 12 (short questions of 2 marks each)
Part-B (2*10) To answer any 4 out of 8 questions each carrying 20 Marks (with or without sub-divisions, Each Question having choice within the same chapter)
