Benjamin Tan Zi Hern 0324857Cheok Jian Shuang 0320089Chong Jia Yi 0320869Chong Kit Yee 0319748Chong Xin Dean 0325353Lee Wan Xuan 0325273

Project 1: Skeletal Construction | Temporary Bus ShelterBUILDING CONSTRUCTION II

TABLE OFCONTENTS

Design Inspiration and Concept 01Precedent Study 02

Load and forces distribution 03Weather resistant and temporality 04

Access 05Load test analysis 06

Component 07Materiality 08

Joint and connection 09 Process 10

Final design 11Conclusion 12

Reference 13

The design of the bus shelter is inspired posture of flying bird. Therefore, dynamic form was derive from the motion of the wing of bird which extended outward.The design of the bus shelter consists of 2 basic geometry forms, which is tetrahedrons and cuboid. The two tetrahedrons attach together to form the roof while the cuboid form the space beneath the roof.

Posture of a flying bird 01 First idea sketch 02

Refined idea based on practicality 03 Basic form of the bus shelter 04

DESIGN CONCEPT AND INSPIRATION 01

The roof is designed to shade both part of the bus shelter, as the seats is provided in 2 direction to accommodate more peoples. Double pitch roof allow shading from different direction while not obstructing the wind flow. Moreover, it increase the rate of rainwater discharge.

DEFORMED DOUBLE PITCH ROOF

I NTRODUCTION

FOREST SHELTER

Unobstructed structures which provide good ventilation, natural

lighting and huge activity spaces. High accessibility,

can be entered through all directions.

at Emsdetten

Roof is designed to enhance the airflow within the spaces of bus shelter. Large overhangs shade the shelter but letting natural lights in at the same time.

BUS SHELTER

at Betrichamp

PRECEDENT STUDY 02

The materials and type of construction used are able to prevent the structure

from being deformed by lateral forces such as winds and earthquake.

WEATHER RESISTANT AND TEMPORALITY 04

The structure of the roof is designed to prevent the rainwater from flowing into the shelter, the

material of the roof itself is also waterproofing so that the water will not leak through the roof into

the shelter.

The structure is designed to last for an approximate lifespan of 5 years, making its

presence temporary.

LOAD AND FORCES DISTRIBUTION 03

plan view elevation

There are 3 columns align in a row serve as main support of the bus shelter, which connected to the pad footing. Rafters and strut were added to transfer the

load to the main support. Tensile strength were reinforced by adding bracing between structure.

The main concern in designing the bus shelter is its accessibility. The bus shelter is designed to be highly accessible as users are able to approach and enter the shelter in all directions without any means of obstruction.

ACCESS 05

LOAD TEST ANALYSIS 06

Deformed double pitched roof prevents the accumulation of rainwater on itself.

Roofing struts are able to withstand the lateral load from rain and wind.

01 ROOF 02 SEATBeam and floor struts underneath the seat are able to withstand load and transfer it to the columns.

timber floor struts

COMPONENTS 07

roofing rafterstimber roofing strutspolycarbonate roofing

skeletal structural columntimber seatings

timber decking floor

concrete pad footing

timber floor joiststimber bearer

polycarbonate ridge cap

structural stumptimber beam

EXPLODED PERSPECTIVE

ScrewNailsCorner BracketGusset Plate

10 mm transparent polycarbonate roofing sheet

50mm timber common rafter

50mm timber roofing strut

200*200*2800 Timber skeletal structure column 30mm Timber plywood

decking floor

50*100*2000 Timberfloor joist

50*100*4000 Timber bearer

300*300*50 Stump infilled with concrete50*350 Timber ridge

Beam

MATERIALITY 08

ROOFINGSEAT

HARDWARE

FLOORING

35* 100 *4000 Timber bench joist

30mm Timber plywood bench trellises

35mm Timber bench strut

struts to main column

JOINTS AND CONNECTION 09

L-BRACKET (4 HOLES)

IRON SCREW

COPPER NAILfloor joistsfloor finishing seat joistsseat finishingroof connection to column

roof connection to main columnseat beam to column

L-BRACKET (8 HOLES)

column to pad footing

COPPER SCREW

roofing

PROCESS 10

01 Building up

floor joist and bearer

02Cutting flooring finishing

03Arranging

floor finishing

04Nailing

floor finishing to

the floor joists and

bearer

06Mixing

cement and aggregate to

create the pad footing

FLOOR CONSTRUCTION

01 02 03

04 05 06

07 08 09

07Drilling on

the columns

to attach the

columns to the pad

footing

08Screwing the metal

bracket to the

column

09Inserting

the columns

to the wet pad

footing

05Cutting

openings for the

placing of stumps

SEAT CONSTRUCTION

PROCESS 10

01 02 03

04 05 06

07 08

01Attaching

seat joists to the beam

02Marking points to

indicate the position of

nails

03Nailing the

joists to the beam

04Positioning

the completed

structure on the columns

05Attaching

the seat finishing to

the structure

06Placing the

finished seat on the

columns

07Addition of

beam underneath the seat to stabilize it

08Addition of

the struts on both

side of the main

column

03Addition of

rafters to the roof

structure

02Positioning the rafters

on the roof

PROCESS 10

ROOF CONSTRUCTION

01 02 03 04

05 06 07 08

01Trimming the end of rafters to

the accurate

angle to be assembled

04Drilling

holes on the rafter for

better nailing effect

06Nailing the roof to the

columns

07Attaching

the roof to the main

column using metal

brackets

08Addition of

roofing struts to

stabilize the roof and

ridge caps to prevent

water from flowing into the interior

05Nailing the roof to the completed

roof structure

FINAL DESIGN 11

ROOF PLAN FLOOR PLANSCALE 1:25 SCALE 1:25

FINAL DESIGN 11

ELEVATION ELEVATIONSCALE 1:25 SCALE 1:25

FINAL DESIGN 11

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

C ONCLUSION

01 How to Build a Wood Deck. Life of an Architect, n.d Web. 15 September 201602 “Shelter Design.” Metro Transit, n.d Web. 19 September 201603 Support and Connection Types, Architectonics, n.d. Web. 19 September 201604 Ching, Francis D.K. 1991, Building Construction illustrated, New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold05 Simmon, H. Leslie, 2001. Construction : Principles, Materials and Method. 7th Edition. New York. 06 John Chudley, R. 2006, Construction Technology, 4th edition. Pearson and Prentice Hall.

REFERENCES`

In this project, we had faced challenges especially during creating joineries which involve multiples connection. The problems were finally resolved after everyone in the group work together looking for solution through research.

After this project, we had learnt about:01 Apply the knowledge of skeletal construction and its joints to actual construction and design02 Analyzing the issues of strength, stiffness and stability of structure including modes of structural systems, forces, stress and strain and also law of static.03 Understanding of appreciate materials to suit the function of shelter.