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BCS-CMW-4. Students will describe the major
hardware and software components of a computer
and their interactions.
Ms. StewartComputing in the Modern
WorldSouthwest High School
What is a computer?
• A programmable machine that can execute (carry out) a programmed list of instructions and respond to new instructions that it is given.
Identify and define the key functional components (input devices, output devices, processor, operating system,
software applications, memory, storage, etc).
• Input Devices– Devices that allow you to enter/input
information into the computer.
– Examples: keyboard, mouse, keypad, scanner, microphone, joystick, digital camera, webcam
Identify and define the key functional components (input devices, output devices, processor, operating system,
software applications, memory, storage, etc).
• Output Devices– Devices that deliver information back to
the user (you). – Think of the senses (can you see it, hear
it, touch it?)
– Examples: printer, monitor, speakers, headphones
Identify and define the key functional components (input devices, output devices, processor, operating system,
software applications, memory, storage, etc).
• Processor– Also referred to as the CPU
– Manufacturers: printer, monitor, speakers, headphones
Identify and define the key functional components (input devices, output devices, processor, operating system,
software applications, memory, storage, etc).
• Operating System – the overall program that controls all the other software programs and allows hardware devices to work properly.
Identify and define the key functional components (input devices, output devices, processor, operating system,
software applications, memory, storage, etc).
• Software – a set of instructions that make it possible for your computer to perform tasks.
• Also referred to as applications or programs.
Identify and define the key functional components (input devices, output devices, processor, operating system,
software applications, memory, storage, etc).
• Memory– Read – only memory (ROM): permanent– Random access memory (RAM):
temporary– Storage devices
Understand the terms and units that are used to describe major hardware components (RAM, ROM, GHz, GB, MB, MHz, CD, DVD, RW, etc).
• Megabyte (MB) – a measure of computer storage capacity equal to 1 million bytes
• Gigabyte (GB) – a measure of computer storage capacity equal to 1 billion bytes
Understand the terms and units that are used to describe major hardware components (RAM, ROM, GHz, GB, MB, MHz, CD, DVD, RW, etc).
• Megahertz (MHz) – computer processing speed – one million cycles per second.
• Gigahertz (GHz) – computer processing speed – one billion cycles per second.
Understand the terms and units that are used to describe major hardware components (RAM, ROM, GHz, GB, MB, MHz,
CD, DVD, RW, etc).
• Compact disk (CD) – optical disk on which a program, data, music, etc. is digitally encoded for a laser beam to scan, decode, or transmit back to a playback system.
Understand the terms and units that are used to describe major hardware components (RAM, ROM, GHz, GB, MB, MHz,
CD, DVD, RW, etc).
• Digital Video Disk (DVD) an optical disk that can store a very large amount of digital data, as text, music, or images.
• Rewritable (RW) – allows a user to write (burn), erase, and rewrite data on them, just as it can be done with magnetic drives and media.
Heat sink/fan
• Piece of metal with cooling fins that can be attached to or mounted on an integrated chip (such as the CPU) to dissipate heat.
Modem card
• Device used to connect the computer to a telephone line, often for the purpose of connecting to on-line services.
Network card
• An expansion card that is installed in an available slot in a computer so that it may connect and communicate to another computer.
Power supply
• Converts the power from a wall outlet into the lower voltages required internally in the computer.
System unit
• Main body of a desktop computer, typically consisting of a metal or plastic enclosure containing the motherboard, power supply, cooling fans, internal disk drives, and the memory modules and expansion cards that are plugged into the motherboard.
BIOS• Stands for "Basic Input Output System"
gives the computer a little built-in starter kit to run the rest of software from floppy disks (FDD) and hard disks (HDD). The BIOS is responsible for booting the computer by providing a basic set of instructions.
Describe the interaction between functional components in the execution of a software application.
• To make the computer do something useful, you must give it instructions in either of the following two ways:– Write a program that tells a computer
what to do, step by step, much as you write out a recipe.
– Buy a program that someone else has already written that tells the computer what to do.
Describe the interaction between functional components in the execution of a software application.
• A program does nothing more than tell the computer how to:– accept some type of input, – manipulate that input, and – spit it back out again in some form that
humans find useful.
Type of Program Input What the Program Does
Output
Word processor Characters you type from the keyboard
Formats the text; corrects spelling
Displays and prints neatly organized text
Game Keystrokes or joystick movements
Calculates how fast and far to move a cartoon figure on-screen
Moves a cartoon figure on-screen
Stock-market predictor Current and past prices for stocks
Tries to recognize trends in a stock's price fluctuations
Predicts the future price of a stock
Missile guidance program Current location of the missile and the target
Calculates how to make the missile's location and the target's location coincide
Corrects the trajectory so that it stays aimed at the target
Optical character recognition (OCR)
Text from a scanner Recognizes shapes of characters
Converts scanned text into a text file that a word processor can edit
Web browser HyperText Markup Language (HTML) codes on other computers
Converts the HTML codes into text and graphics
Displays Web pages on-screen