Beach Handball: Analysis of positional attack in the...

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Beach Handball: Analysis of positional attack in the men.

1. Introduction.

2. The observation tool.

3. The quality of the data.

4. The analysis of the data.

5. Discussions.

6. Conclusions.

7. References.

1. Introduction.

The present publication is intended to assist in the training of coaches providing a study

that aims to describe the offensive phase of beach handball male high-level, using the scientific

method, and an interpretation of data obtained and compared with previous studies and

statistical analysis to reflecting and discussing the game.

The first step to intervene effectively is to accurately describe the situations of a

competition. Thus, observational methodology gave us the design to record the behavior of

players during the game development and for that we encoded various complete games. The

tool, designed ad hoc (Anguera, 1990 and Anguera et al., 2000) was configured from a system

of field formats and category system. The elaboration and implementation of the observation

system were valued through analysis of data quality required in any research under the auspices

of this methodology.

By recording only parts of the sampling could result in error as a outcome of observing

only a fraction of all possible occasions (Blanco Villaseñor, Castellano and Hernández Mendo,

2000). Therefore, we also conducted a generalizability analysis. Generalizability Theory

recognizes multiple sources of measurement error (individuals, observers, sessions, days,

technical...) and aims to prove that scores are representative of a broader set (Castellano, 2000).

The competition object of study has been the EBT Masters Finals held in the town of

Fuengirola (Spain) 4 and June 5, 2011. For the observation we used the tool designed in my

Master Thesis for my University research in Physical Activity and Sport (doctoral courses) at

the University of Malaga in 2008. This instrument allows us to code and analyze the context of

specific behavior: defining the areas of finalization, measuring the duration of attacks,

quantifying the participation of players in the creation and finalization of offensive situations

and identifying the model of the game through way of completion of these actions. In total, in

this research we used 3.379 registers corresponding to 12 observations with a rate of 0,973

generalizability.

The unit of analysis in this study was the positional attack phase, a decision that is

justified for the following reasons: first, considering the basic expression of the game,

creativity, fun, etc. and second, trying to reveal the roles of the "key" figure of attack: double

goalkeeper (specialist). Finally, we tried to obtain a precise point in the game that would allow

reliable registration of data such as defense-attack, change of goalkeepers. Clearly, with this

definition of positional attack from the entry of the "specialist" into the game, we obviously

ignore counterattacks because we believe that their use is only justified in a temporary necessity

JUAN PABLO MORILLO BARO

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and the errors in pass-reception that subsequently result in the loss of ball are not advisable.

Furthermore, employing a model of game defined by its use should involve a conscious use of

the termination for change bands, something that has been reflected as non-existent in previous

studies (Morillo, 2008) and responds to possible actions of defensive balance.

2. The observation tool.

During the design and coding of the tool we used the consensus concordance (Anguera,

1990) from a qualitative point of view, and from a quantitative point of view we have specified

the reliability of data through various indicators. As we see below, it consists of a number of

criteria that allows us to register information that we consider most relevant. Each displays a list

of categories we have chosen because they are closed, i.e., exhaustive and mutually exclusive.

All criteria and categories have been defined to reflect a core categorical and level of plasticity

(Anguera, 1990).

The tool allows us to register the first three criteria as initial information, the minutes of

the set where the attack begins, the score at the beginning and the type of numerical balance.

Then, the next three allow us to identify under which defensive system an attack occurs, the area

of completion (see graph set forth below) and if it has been produced by the band areas of

change, including the team observed or not. Regarding the participation of players, we see the

player who assists, that is, the offensive player's specific position at the start of the attack that

gives an assist to his partner with little or no opposition at the end, the player completing the

attack, the way the attack ends and with what result. The last criterion we observed was the

duration of positional attack.

TABLE 1. List of categories for each criterion and the coding system.

AREAS OF FIELD

1

4

7

2

5

8

3

6

9

IMAGE 1. The numbering relates to the sense of attack.


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3. The quality of the data.

To control the quality of data, we used 341 records from the match Spain Vs. Hungary

during the European Men's Championships in Germany (Cuxhaven), in July 2006.

After registering the session, the data were transferred to the software GSEQ-SDIS

(Bakeman and Quera, 1996) to prepare a file and calculate error detection reliability by Cohen's

Kappa. With the use of SPSS, we determined the correlation coefficients of Kendall Tau b,

Pearson and Spearman. Finally, the Generalizability Study software (Ysewijn, 1996) conducted

an analysis of generalizability to determine the reliability of observers, assess the effectiveness

of the categories and estimate the minimum number of sessions needed for an accurate

generalization.

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS

COEFFICIENT

FULL SESSION

CONCORDANCE INTRA

(Obs. 1 vs Obs. 1bis)

CONCORDANCE INTER

(Obs. 1 vs Obs. 2)

Tau b de Kendall 0,998 0,993

Pearson 0,999 0,998

Spearman 1,000 0,999

TABLE 2. Values of correlation coefficients of Kendall Tau b, Pearson and Spearman.

COHEN´S KAPPA INDICES

GROUP BEHAVIOR

(CRITERION)

CONCORDANCE INTRA

(Obs.1 vs Obs.1Bis)

CONCORDANCE INTER

(Obs.1 vs Obs.2)

MINUTE NUMBER 1,0000 1,0000

SCOREBOARD 1,0000 1,0000

NUMERICAL BALANCE 1,0000 1,0000

DEFENSIVE SISTEM 1,0000 0,9178

END ZONE 1,0000 0,9581

BAND OF CHANGES 1,0000 1,0000

PLAYER ASSISTS 0,9555 0,9555

PLAYER ENDS 1,0000 1,0000

TERMINATION MODE 1,0000 1,0000

END RESULT 1,0000 1,0000

DURATION 0,9369 0,9369

FULL SESSION 0,9879 0,9818

TABLE 3. Values of Cohen's kappa indices in relation to the criteria and the full session.

For the global analysis of the generalizability coefficients determined to get reliable

generalization accuracy at a rate of 0,973, through the analysis of 12 observations (presented

below).


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PARTICIPANTS

OBS 1 BM Playa Ciudad de Málaga / ESP BHT Damy Rade Inowroclaw / POL

OBS 2 BM Playa Ciudad de Málaga / ESP BHT Damy Rade Inowroclaw / POL

OBS 3 BM Playa Ciudad de Málaga / ESP Detono Zagreb / CRO

OBS 4 BM Playa Ciudad de Málaga / ESP Detono Zagreb / CRO

GR

OU

P

A

OBS 5 AXA Beachstars Budapest / HUN Chemo Profili Zagreb / CRO

OBS 6 AXA Beachstars Budapest / HUN Chemo Profili Zagreb / CRO

OBS 7 AXA Beachstars Budapest / HUN Waterboys Nord-West / GER

OBS 8 AXA Beachstars Budapest / HUN Waterboys Nord-West / GER

GR

OU

P

B

OBS 9 BHC SKKM-EKATERINODAR / RUS Panaitolikos / GRE

OBS 10 BHC SKKM-EKATERINODAR / RUS Panaitolikos / GRE

SEMI-

FINAL

OBS 11 Detono Zagreb / CRO Chemo Profili Zagreb / CRO

OBS 12 Detono Zagreb / CRO Chemo Profili Zagreb / CRO

SEMI-

FINAL

TABLE 4. List of teams observed.

4. The analysis of the data.

Focusing on game development, we present the descriptive statistics of the relevant

criteria after considering the observations. Similarly, we add a few lines of discussion in the

light of the interpretation of results and comparison with previous studies and statistical

analysis.

First, regarding the numerical balance at the beginning of the offensive phase, note that

all teams carry out the attack defense goalkeeper change for superiority considering, therefore,

profitable risk involved. The attack in superiority, which is actually double, only accounts for

1% and inferiority, which becomes equality, 2% of the total. These percentages are similar to

those obtained in the observations of the 2005 international championships and 2006 (Morillo,

2008), and justified response to regulatory limitations as to the permissibility of contact between

the players. The results show a clear attitude of participants to avoid them. Remember, only two

exclusions are allowed per game and assume non-participation in the tiebreak set in his case

(one player against the goalkeeper).

Equality in this type of international competitions is reflected on the scoreboard at the

start of attack, where 72% of attacks began with a difference of a maximum of 2 points, both for

and against. Only 11% began with the score over 2 points in favor and 17% over 2 against.

FIGURE 1. Relationship between the percentage of attacks and the scoreboard at the beginning of it.


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The best preparation of the teams coupled with the shortness of sets favors this equality,

both of which increase the show and force the players and coaches to consider psychological

variables that improve performance, concentration, attention, stress management, motivation,

competitiveness etc., both in the technical and tactical development of the game, as well as in

the analysis of the impact of arbitration decisions.

Another criterion analyzed was the defensive system under which the team observed

attacked, mostly preferring an initiating structure of 3:0 compared by 65% to a 2:1 as a primary

alternative, with a frequency of 30%. All other possibilities have not emerged as significant.

These percentages are very similar to those obtained by Morillo (2008), with 61% and 33% in

3:0 and 2:1 systems, respectively.

Indeed, the defensive system was used mainly against 2:1 or 3:0 but as we see in the

chart, the effectiveness of attacks against both was almost identical. And certainly the election

of a defensive system or another is always justified, even if this means limited capacity of

reaction, alternation or adaptation of the different teams to the counter attack, and still remains

higher to defenses that remain almost unaltered to the initial approach. What or who determines

defensive success? With these data we can interpret that this lies heavily with the effectiveness

of the goalkeeper. Thus, regardless of the defensive system used, perhaps they are still too

reactive. The defense should lead the attacks in conditions less favorable and switch defensive

systems, or at least alternate their tactical intentions so that the attack does not adjust to the

defense and this should be based on an analysis of the opposing team's offensive possibilities. In

a sport where the rules are so clearly opting towards a phase of it looking spectacular, players

always manage to get a position to launch double value.

FIGURE 2. Comparison of the result of the attack to different defensive systems.

If we continue with the analysis of the areas of termination of positional attack, we must

begin by saying that these are conditioned in part by the type of defensive system posed by the

opposing team. The picture shows the percentages of frequency in each, underlining the central

zone as the most used by both for the player who assumes the role of the double goalkeeper, as

well as for the pivot. The termination for the areas closest to the bands corresponding to pitches

in pirouettes, with the total use of the airspace within the area by release in flight only 25% of

the total (of which 19% corresponds to the pivot).


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If we continue with the analysis of the areas of termination of positional attack, we must

begin by saying that these are conditioned in part by the type of defensive system posed by the

opposing team. The picture shows the percentages of frequency in each, underlining the central

zone as the most used by both the specialist and the pivot. The termination for the areas closest

to the bands corresponding to pitches in pirouettes, with the total use of the airspace in the area

by release in flight only 25% of the total (of which 19% corresponds to the pivot).

IMAGE 2. Percentage of termination in different areas.

To throw in flight requires a collective tactical procedure, or at least what Jiménez

(2002) called a "particular agreement", i.e. a pre-established relationship for two players, a spin

coordination to provide the latter ease in implementation. The risk of a possible turnover which

is making a pitch in flight is probably greater than that of trying to end by pirouette, but we

think that depends on the individual technical and tactical level of the players and the degree of

training. Moreover, it is more difficult to defend actions of blocking or collaboration with the

goalkeeper who are increasingly sophisticated. Stocks in focus almost exclusively in flight on

the pivot, giving it above the players side.

The tendency of a team to achieve the goals of double value through double goalkeeper

shoots or throws with pirouettes or in flight will define much of their attack model. The wealth

of attack increases when a team dominates all possibilities and is able to reverse this trend in

terms of needs. The pattern of attack of a team will be limited mainly by the technical and

tactical players, and this model should be flexible to adapt to the collective characteristics of the

adversaries (Morillo, 2009).

The finalization of the attack by one of the areas corresponding to the band changes

from the team observed has also been studied. The data seem to indicate that it is not a tactical

aspect of relevance, as one might think, taking into account such factors as the physical

preparation of players, the presence of changes in defense - attack or the speed of

implementation of defensive balance.

Certainly, the frequency is slightly lower for the most remote areas of change to the

band, a fact that seems to suggest preventive measures against possible counterattacks.

Furthermore, the trend since 2008 seems to reinforce the theory of prevention. The completion

by the most remote areas of change to the band has decreased from 30% to 22% in favor of the

closest areas, which have increased from 21% to 30% according to a research conducted by

Morillo (2008) to the present.


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FIGURE 3. Comparison of the termination for areas close to the band change. BCSI: nearby areas BCNO: remote,

BCMED: central areas.

One of the most important criteria is to identify the specific position of the player

attends, that is, giving an assist to his partner with little or no opposition at the end.

The data provided in the table and graph is very important, as they show that

responsibility of the assist falls largely on the player, who adopts the role of double goalkeeper.

It is more than twice as often as all other players together. This data can be interpreted from two

aspects. On the one hand, it is easy to fix this player's opponents because the threat that is

permanently attached to numerical superiority only makes the game continue if this assistance

occurs, and secondly, the very small contribution to the creation of offensive by the other

components, makes them mere finalizers.

Note that in 51% of the cases no one attends, that is, the attack situation ends by either a

single action or by a technical foul, and so on, and the specific position most involved in this

creation, regardless of the "specialist" is the right side because of the relationships they establish

with the pivot, usually use their right and goal orientation for receiving passes to finalize by

release in flight.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

NASIS 17 16 16 16 9 15 16 19 13 12 6 16 171

APETO 5 8 9 13 8 10 8 8 12 12 9 9 111

AXTRI 1 0 0 1 1 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 15 4%

AXTRD 3 1 3 0 7 2 5 2 0 1 2 1 27 8%

ACENT 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 8 2%

APIV 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 6 2%PLA

YER

A

SSIS

TS

OBSERVATIONTOTAL %

16%

51%

33%

TABLE 5. Percentage of player assists criteria. Nasis no one attends, APETO: attend the specialist, AXTRI: Attends

the left side, AXTRD: Attends the right side, ACENT: attend the central no specialist, APIV: attend the pivot.


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FIGURE 4. Comparison of standard player who attends. NO ONE: nasis, SPECIALIST: apeto and ANOTHER ONE:

AXTRI, AXTRD, ACENT and APIV together.

The possibility provided by the rules to get double value in different ways and with all

the players, leads to almost equally percentages among all team members. The remaining 2%

correspond to the finalization of a player who does not adopt the double role of goalkeeper in

the central position, and usually stands on the side of the band change.

Figure 3. Percentage of player who finishes criteria.

As we have seen in the chart, in the end the responsibility is shared between the posts

specifics, but as just discussed above, the creative process depends to a remarkable extent on the

double goalkeeper. The rest 2% corresponds to the finalization of a player who does not adopt

the role of the double goal keeper in central position and usually stands on the side of the band

change.

FIGURE 5. Percentage of player who finishes when assists another player different of specialist. FXTRI:

Left, FPETO: Specialist, FPIV: Pivot, FXTRD: Right Side.


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On the one hand, it thereby reveals the importance of the pivot as a terminator when the

double keeper has no active part in ball possession. Even without the ball, he can create usable

space for his colleagues, especially for the pivot to be located normally in the central area. On

the other hand, players establish communication relationships more frequently with the nearest

position. So, returning to the previous reflection of intentions in defense tactics, defenders

should try to cause less favorable situations for the attack. The failure rate of pass-reception

when the specialist does not attend is 20% but rises to 40% in the case of sideline to sideline

assistance.

FIGURE 6. Percentages of effectiveness in the pass when not attending the specialist and analysis of side - side

assists.

The limitations that players face when developing a defensive system are numerical

inferiority, restriction of contacts and privileges of the dual role of goalkeeper mainly, finding

options in the development of tactical intentions that allow initiative and participating more

actively in this phase of play.

On the other hand, returning to the stage of the game object of this study, we also try to

find a trend in the way of completion. Thus, we considered the following options: in flight

release, release in turn, normal pitch, 6-meter throw, pass error - acceptance or technical foul:

step, double step, attack, passive, and so on. Release in turn is the most widely used mode of

completion with 35% of the total, followed by 23% in normal shoots almost exclusively carried

out by the specialist to get double value and 19% in flight releases that are made mostly by the

pivot. Launches of 6 meters account for 7% of the total. The percentage of attacks that end

without a shot on goal due to a pass - or to commit an attacker receiving a technical foul was

16%: 8% of each class.

FIGURE 7. Percentage of finalization mode criteria.

Then, focusing only on the attacks which end with a shot on goal and as a result of

comparing the statistical analysis of various international competitions, we see a table showing

the percentages obtained by the different ways to do it.


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YEAR 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011

CITY CUXHAVEN MISANO CÁDIZ KAOHSIUNG FUENGIROLA

CATEGORY MALE/FEMALE MALE/FEMALE MALE MALE MALE

IN FLIGHT 19% 12% 20,81% 28,02% 23%

PIROUETTE 33,50% 63% 41,12% 38,22% 42%

SPECIALIST 38% 13,50% 22,98% 19,23% 27%

6 METERS 9,50% 8,50% 8,41% 5,74% 8%

AUTHORS

TYPE OF THROW

2006: EUROPEAN CHAMP

2007: EUROPEAN CHAMP

2008: WORLD CHAMP

2009: WORLD GAMES

2011: EBT FINAL MASTERS

Gehrer, A.; Trespidi, M. y Bebetsos, G.S.

Trespidi, M.

König, O.; Van de Vyle, J.; Meimaridis, I. y Gehrer, A.

König, O.; Van de Vyle, J.; Meimaridis, I. y Gehrer, A.

Morillo, J.P.

TABLE 6. Comparative study of the percentages of use for end launching ways at different international

competitions.

Although data are very clear, I recommend a reading to those interested each to delve

into this comparison, because the tools of observation and analysis characteristics of each vary.

The analysis of the results of the completion criteria, regardless of how it was

accomplished, provides us with the information shown below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

GOL1 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 9 3%

GOL2 16 11 14 14 10 9 15 11 16 10 17 14 157 46%

ERLAN 7 6 8 6 7 6 9 9 4 7 5 8 82 24%

CPOSE 4 4 4 5 6 8 7 6 3 5 1 3 56 16%

G1SA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

G2SA 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 9 3%

6MGOL 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 9 3%

6MFA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

GOL1R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

GOL2R 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1%

6MGSA 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 3 1 1 0 0 12 3%

6MFSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 1%

G1RSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

G2RSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

OBSERVATIONTOTAL

RE

SU

LT O

F T

HE

TE

RM

INA

TIO

N

%

TABLE 7 and FIGURE 8. Rates of success and failure result of the completion criteria.

Highlights 46% of goals from double value, which together with the value obtained by

simple and 6-meter throw, bounce, or Ombudsman concluded sanction for a success in

completing the attacks of 59%.

The failure of the attack has been defined by a total of 41%, caused by errors of pitches:

24%, throwing error 6 meters with a penalty for the defender: 1% and turnovers caused by

errors in pass - reception and technical fouls (steps, double step, attack, passive...): 16%.

The percentage of overall effectiveness at launch, i.e., made from all specific positions

and in every way possible, has been established at 70% correct and 30% of fail.


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FIGURE 9. Percentage of overall performance in the throws.

Finally, the last criterion analyzed was the duration of attacks since the change is made

defense - attack the goalkeeper until the change of ball possession. In the design of the

observation tool, we grouped the duration of attacks in blocks of 5 seconds in order to meet the

data quality requirements required for any scientific research. The categories, as shown in the

chart were: D05: 0 to 5 seconds, D610: 6 to 10 seconds, D1115: 11 to 15 seconds, D1620: 16 to

20 seconds, D2125: between 21 and 25 seconds, D2630: 26 to 30 seconds, and DM30: more

than 30 seconds.

The results show a rate of 40% majority of duration between 11 and 15 seconds,

followed by 29% between 6 and 10 seconds, and 15% from 16 to 20 seconds.

FIGURE 10. Percentages of the criterion duration of attacks. D05: 0-5 seconds, D610: 6-10 seconds, D1115: 11-15

seconds, D1620: 16-20 seconds, D2125: 21-25 seconds, D2630: 26-30 seconds, and DM30: more than 30 seconds.

Currently, 69% of attacks take between 6 and 15 seconds. The accuracy of these data

provides valuable information directly applicable to the planning of physical preparation.

FIGURE 11. Percentages of the criterion duration of attacks. D05: 0-5 seconds, D610: 6-10 seconds, D1115: 11-15

seconds, D1620: 16-20 seconds, D2125: 21-25 seconds, D2630: 26-30 seconds, and DM30: more than 30 seconds.


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5. Discussions. We agree with Hernandez Mendo (1996) to assert that the observational registry in team

sports is difficult. This complexity is due to the speed at which the behaviors occur, the spatial

extent over which the audiovisual record type used develops the number of players involved and

certain problems of unobservability. Nevertheless, the results in terms of data quality can be

considered as excellent and enable accurate analysis of the frequencies. We understand that this

tool allows you to perform observational studies on the action of the game in the attack phase

positional Beach Handball, making it possible to analyze aspects of the game from a

contextualized and sequenced viewpoint, which we believe fits better to the "reality" of the

game in this sport.

The possible practical applications that derive from these studies allow us to obtain

relevant results which, in our point of view, enable us to know which are the most effective

conduct flows of the game for an offensive plan.

6. Conclussions. � 72% of attacks began with a difference of at most two points on the scoreboard.

� The attack took place in 65% of the time, with the defensive system 3:0. The main

alternative is the 2:1 system with a 30% frequency.

� The percentage of effectiveness of the attacks is almost identical regardless of the defensive

system used by the opposite team. 59% and 58% at the 3:0 and 2:1 defensive systems

respectively.

� In 48% of the situations observed attacks end in the central areas. The use of the airspace in

the area to finish with an in flight throw is higher in the central area.

� The finalization of the areas close to the band of change observed is slightly further away

than 30% compared to 22%.

� The Specialist (33%) performed more than twice as many assists as all other players in his

team together. In 51% of the observed attacks any player attends, that is, situations end by a

single action, for a technical foul or a pass-reception error mainly.

� Responsibility for finalization is divided almost equally among all positions and offense

began with the specialist in the center.

� The most common way to finalize an action (35%) is throwing in pirouettes, followed by

the throws of the specialist (23%) and throws in flight (19%).

� The percentage of attacks that end without shot on goal, either by committing a technical

foul or pass-reception error is 16%.

� The percentage of overall efficiency in the throws is 70% correct.

� 69% of the attacks take between 6 and 15 seconds.

7. References. � Anguera, M.T. (1990). Metodología observacional. En J. Arnau, M.T. Anguera y J. Gómez

Benito. Metodología de la investigación en ciencias del comportamiento (pp. 125-236).

Murcia: Universidad de Murcia.

� Anguera, M.T., Blanco Villaseñor, A., Losada, J.L., y Hernández Mendo, A. (2000). La

metodología observacional en el deporte: conceptos básicos. Revista Digital: efdeportes, 5,

24.

� Blanco Villaseñor, A., Castellano, J. y Hernández Mendo, A. (2000). Generalizabilidad de

las observaciones de la acción del juego en el fútbol. Psicothema, 12, 2, 81-86.

� Castellano, J. (2000). Observación y análisis de la acción de juego en fútbol.

http://www.efdeportes.com/ Revista Digital - Buenos Aires - Año 5 - N° 22 - Junio 2000.

� Gehrer, A.; Trespidi, M. y Bebetsos, G.S. (2006). Qualitative analyses of the 4th european

beach handball championships”. July. EHF.

� Hernández Mendo, A. (1996). Observación y análisis de patrones de juego en deportes

sociomotores. Tesis Doctoral: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.


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� Hernández Mendo, A. (2003). Psicología del Deporte (VOL. II). Metodología. Editorial

Efdeportes.com. Buenos Aires.

� Jiménez, J. (2002). La concepción del juego libre, dirigido o prefabricado, en la

estructuración del juego de ataque de alto nivel. Comunicación técnica nº 215. RFEBM.

� König, O.; Van de Vyle, J.; Meimaridis, I. y Gehrer, A. (2009). World Games Kaohsiung

2009. Beach Handball Tournament. Statistical Analysis. EHF.

� Morillo, J. P. (2008). Análisis de la calidad del dato en una herramienta de observación en

la fase de ataque en balonmano playa. Tesina fin de Master en Investigación en Actividad

Física y Deporte. Práctica deportiva: innovación y aplicación. Cursos de doctorado.

Universidad de Málaga.

� Morillo, J. P. (2008). Balonmano Playa: las claves de un subcampeonato del mundo.

Comunicación Técnica nº 262. Real Federación Española de Balonmano.

� Morillo, J. P. (2009). Balonmano Playa. Wanceulen Editorial Deportiva S. L. Sevilla.

España.

� Trespidi, M. (2007). 5th European Beach Handball Championship. Statistic Analysis of the

semifinals and finals. EHF.

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