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THE BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION
SOCIAL SCIENCE III
Let’s have a quick review…
Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)
Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)
The early civilizations
PALEOLITHIC AGE
Old Stone Age Men and women of the Paleolithic Age
were nomads. Nomads- no permanent homes; wander from
place to place.
PALEOLITHIC AGE
Stone Age’s impressive achievements: Variety of tools
Stones (mostly), wood, and bones Learned to control and use fire Used spoken language
Neanderthal People of the Paleolithic Age
Neanderthals developed “beliefs”
Carefully buried their dead (placing tools, ornaments, food, etc. in the graves)
Present was the idea of a life after death.
CRO-MAGNON MAN
Developers of ART Cro-magnon’s art was
mostly found around Europe and Asia.
Made ivory and bone sculptures of birds and fish.
Drawings on caves in Altamira and Lascaux.
Environment changed…
Late Old Stone Age Earth’s weather became
cooler. Period of the Ice Age Because so much of the
earth’s water was frozen… H2O level in the oceans
dropped Lands more were exposed Land bridges were formed
NEW STONE AGE
Neolithic Period Farming developed Farmers settled in villages Special Skills were developed by village Trade and Private property developed
Farming Developed
Tamed wild animals Established villages
Farmers settled in villages
Jericho (about 7,000BC) Catal Huyuk (in Asia Minor)
Special Skills Developed
Artisans- people with skills in specialized crafts
Trade and Private Property Developed
Barter- a kind of trade in which one good is exchanged for another.
CATAL HUYUK
“basis for the ideas about the life of Neolithic people”
It is an agricultural village. Obsidian products were present.
Dark volcanic rock which looks like a glass. Religious shrines dedicated to a “mother
goddess”.
SUMMARY
HUNTING-GATHERING BANDS Invention of tools, mastery over fire, language, creation of
art
GROWTH OF VILLAGES Agriculture, domestication of animals, breakthroughs in
farming technology, food surpluses
RISE OF CITIES Specialized workers, record keeping, complex institutions,
advanced technologies
CIVILIZATIONS
A complex culture with these characteristics: Advanced cities Specialized workers Complex institutions Record Keeping Advanced technology
ELEMENTS OF A CIVILIZATION
Advanced city Cities – birthplace of
first civilizations City is more than a
large group of people living together.
Population does not distinguish a village from a city
City being a center of trade
Specialized Workers Because of artisans,
cities became thriving centers of trade.
FYI: Many historians believed that one of the first civilizations arose in Sumer (now Modern Iraq)
ELEMENTS OF A CIVILIZATION
COMPLEX INSTITUTIONS Institution- a long-
lasting pattern of organization in a community.
GOVERNMENT RELIGION ECONOMY
RECORD KEEPING Gov’t officials had to
document tax collecions, passage of laws, storage of grains.
Priests needed to keep track the calendar and other important rituals.
Merchants had to record accounts of debts and payments.
NOTE: CUNEIFORM, SCRIBES
ELEMENTS OF A CIVILIZATION
Advanced Technology BRONZE AGE FYI: Toolmakers
discovered how to combine copper with a small amount of tin to make bronze. Bronze is harder than copper!
EXAMPLES OF CIVILIZATIONS SUMER CHINA INDUS VALLEY MESOPOTAMIA ANCIENT EGYPT