Behavior Analysis Coverage Policy...b. Provider submits a valid written physician’s order as...

Behavior Analysis Services

Coverage Policy Agency for Health Care Administration

________________

Florida Medicaid

Florida Medicaid Behavior Analysis Services Coverage Policy

i Draft Rule

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Florida Medicaid Policies ........................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statewide Medicaid Managed Care Plans ................................................................................ 1

1.3 Legal Authority ........................................................................................................................... 1

1.4 Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 1

2.0 Eligible Recipient ............................................................................................................................. 2

2.1 General Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Who Can Receive ...................................................................................................................... 2

2.3 Coinsurance and Copayment .................................................................................................... 2

3.0 Eligible Provider ............................................................................................................................... 2


3.2 Who Can Provide ...................................................................................................................... 2

4.0 Coverage Information ...................................................................................................................... 2

General Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 2

Specific Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 2

Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment ......................................................... 3

5.0 Exclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 3

5.1 General Non-Covered Criteria ................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Specific Non-Covered Criteria ................................................................................................... 3

6.0 Documentation ................................................................................................................................. 3


6.2 Specific Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 4

7.0 Authorization .................................................................................................................................... 4


7.2 Specific Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 4

8.0 Reimbursement ................................................................................................................................ 4


8.2 Claim Type ................................................................................................................................. 4

8.3 Billing Code, Modifier, and Billing Unit ...................................................................................... 4

8.4 Diagnosis Code ......................................................................................................................... 4

8.5 Rate ........................................................................................................................................... 4

9.0 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Review Criteria for Behavior Analysis Services ..................................................................................


1 Draft Rule

1.0 Introduction Behavior analysis (BA) services are highly structured interventions, strategies, and approaches provided to decrease maladaptive behaviors and increase or reinforce appropriate behaviors.

1.1 Florida Medicaid Policies This policy is intended for use by providers that render BA services to eligible Florida Medicaid recipients. It must be used in conjunction with Florida Medicaid’s General Policies (as defined in section 1.3) and any applicable service-specific and claim reimbursement policies with which providers must comply.

Note: All Florida Medicaid policies are promulgated in Rule Division 59G, Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.). Coverage policies are available on the Agency for Health Care Administration’s Web site at http://ahca.myflorida.com/Medicaid/review/index.shtml.

1.2 Statewide Medicaid Managed Care Plans This is not a covered service in the Statewide Medicaid Managed Care program.

1.3 Legal Authority Behavior analysis services are authorized by the following:

Section 409.906, Florida Statutes (F.S.)

Rule 59G-4.125, F.A.C.

1.4 Definitions The following definitions are applicable to this policy. For additional definitions that are applicable to all sections of Rule Division 59G, F.A.C., please refer to the Florida Medicaid definitions policy.

1.4.1 Claim Reimbursement Policy A policy document found in Rule Division 59G, F.A.C. that provides instructions on how to bill for services.

1.4.2 Coverage and Limitations Handbook or Coverage Policy A policy document found in Rule Division 59G, F.A.C. that contains coverage information about a Florida Medicaid service.

1.4.3 General Policies A collective term for Florida Medicaid policy documents found in Rule Chapter 59G-1, F.A.C. containing information that applies to all providers (unless otherwise specified) rendering services to recipients.

1.4.4 Lead Analyst Practitioner responsible for the implementation of BA services including: the completion and review of behavior assessments, reassessments, behavior plans, and behavior plan reviews.

1.4.5 Medically Necessary/Medical Necessity As defined in Rule 59G-1.010, F.A.C.

1.4.6 Provider The term used to describe any entity, facility, person, or group enrolled with AHCA to furnish services under the Florida Medicaid program in accordance with the provider agreement.

1.4.7 Recipient For the purpose of this coverage policy, the term used to describe an individual enrolled in Florida Medicaid (including managed care plan enrollees).


2 Draft Rule

2.0 Eligible Recipient

2.1 General Criteria An eligible recipient must be enrolled in the Florida Medicaid program on the date of service and meet the criteria provided in this policy.

Provider(s) must verify each recipient’s eligibility each time a service is rendered.

2.2 Who Can Receive Florida Medicaid recipients under the age of 21 years requiring medically necessary BA services. Some services may be subject to additional coverage criteria as specified in section 4.0.

2.3 Coinsurance and Copayment There is no coinsurance or copayment for this service in accordance with section 409.9081, F.S. For more information on copayment and coinsurance requirements and exemptions, please refer to Florida Medicaid’s General Policies on copayment and coinsurance.

3.0 Eligible Provider

3.1 General Criteria Providers must meet the qualifications specified in this policy in order to be reimbursed for Florida Medicaid BA services.

3.2 Who Can Provide Services must be rendered by one of the following, operating within the scope of their practice:

Lead analysts who are one of the following:

– Board certified behavior analyst (BCBA) credentialed by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board®

– Florida certified behavior analyst (FL-CBA) credentialed by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board®

– Practitioner, fully licensed in accordance with Chapter 490 and 491, F.S., with training and expertise in the field of behavior analysis. This does not include interns or provisional licensees.

Board certified assistant behavior analysts (BCaBA) credentialed by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board®

Registered behavior technicians (RBT) credentialed by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board®

Behavior assistants (must be credentialed as a RBT by January 1, 2019)

4.0 Coverage Information

General Criteria Florida Medicaid covers services that meet all of the following:

Are determined medically necessary

Do not duplicate another service

Meet the criteria as specified in this policy

Specific Criteria Florida Medicaid covers the following BA services in accordance with the applicable Florida Medicaid fee schedule(s), or as specified in this policy:

4.2.1 Behavior Assessment One per fiscal year, per recipient, when completed within 30 days of the start of the assessment.


3 Draft Rule

4.2.2 Behavior Analysis Up to 40 hours per week, per recipient, consisting of services identified on the recipient’s behavior plan in order to reduce maladaptive behaviors and to restore the recipient to his or her best possible functional level. Services include:

Implementing behavior analysis interventions, and monitoring and assessing the recipient’s progress towards goals in the behavior plan

Behavior analysis interventions, for example, discrete trial teaching, task analysis training, differential reinforcement, non-contingent reinforcement, conducting task analyses of complex responses, and teaching using chaining, prompting, fading, shaping, response cost, and extinction

Training the recipient’s family, caregiver(s), and other involved persons on the implementation of the behavior plan and intervention strategies (the recipient must be present when clinically appropriate)

4.2.3 Behavior Reassessment Up to three per fiscal year, per recipient.

Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment As required by federal law, Florida Medicaid provides services to eligible recipients under the age of 21 years, if such services are medically necessary to correct or ameliorate a defect, a condition, or a physical or mental illness. Included are diagnostic services, treatment, equipment, supplies, and other measures described in section 1905(a) of the Social Security Act, codified in Title 42 of the United States Code 1396d(a). As such, services for recipients under the age of 21 years exceeding the coverage described within this policy or the associated fee schedule may be approved, if medically necessary. For more information, please refer to Florida Medicaid’s General Policies on authorization requirements.

5.0 Exclusion

5.1 General Non-Covered Criteria Services related to this policy are not covered when any of the following apply:

The service does not meet the medical necessity criteria listed in section 1.0

The recipient does not meet the eligibility requirements listed in section 2.0

The service unnecessarily duplicates another provider’s service

5.2 Specific Non-Covered Criteria Florida Medicaid does not cover the following as part of this service benefit:

Any procedure or physical crisis management technique that involves the use of seclusion or manual, mechanical, or chemical restraint utilized to control behaviors

Behavior plans and behavior plan reviews, separately; development of these documents is included in the reimbursement for behavior assessments and reassessments

Psychological testing, neuropsychology, psychotherapy, cognitive therapy, sex therapy, psychoanalysis, hypnotherapy, or long-term counseling

Services funded under section 110 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Services not listed on the fee schedule

Services on the same day as therapeutic behavioral on-site services

6.0 Documentation

6.1 General Criteria For information on general documentation requirements, please refer to Florida Medicaid’s General Policies on recordkeeping and documentation.


4 Draft Rule

6.2 Specific Criteria Providers must maintain the following documentation in the recipient’s file:

Behavior assessment, and assessment review that must be reviewed and signed by a lead analyst

Behavior plan, and behavior plan review that must be reviewed and signed by a lead analyst

Notations when the recipient’s family or caregiver is not able to participate in BA services, and instances when it was clinically inappropriate for the recipient to be present during training services

Written physician’s order

7.0 Authorization

7.1 General Criteria The authorization information described below is applicable to the fee-for-service delivery system. For more information on general authorization requirements, please refer to Florida Medicaid’s General Policies on authorization requirements.

7.2 Specific Criteria Providers must obtain authorization from the quality improvement organization (QIO) prior to the initiation of BA services and at least every 180 days thereafter.

Providers may request authorization more frequently upon a change in the recipient’s condition requiring an increase or decrease in services.

The QIO uses the review criteria specified in section 9.0 for the first level review.

8.0 Reimbursement

8.1 General Criteria The reimbursement information below is applicable to the fee-for-service delivery system.

8.2 Claim Type Professional (837P/CMS-1500)

8.3 Billing Code, Modifier, and Billing Unit Providers must report the most current and appropriate billing code(s), modifier(s), and billing unit(s) for the service rendered, as incorporated by reference in Rule 59G-4.002, F.A.C.

8.4 Diagnosis Code Providers must report the most current and appropriate diagnosis code to the highest level of specificity that supports medical necessity, as appropriate for this service.

8.5 Rate For a schedule of rates, as incorporated by reference in Rule 59G-4.002, F.A.C., visit the AHCA Web site at http://ahca.myflorida.com/Medicaid/review/index.shtml.

9.0 Appendix

Review Criteria for Behavior Analysis Services


1 Draft Rule

9.0 Appendix Review Criteria for Behavior Analysis Services

Behavior analysis (BA) services are considered as either the treatment of choice or as an adjunct

treatment modality for a variety of conditions and disorders where maladaptive behaviors are part of the

recipient’s clinical presentation, including behavioral manifestations of diagnoses such as Autism

Spectrum Disorder1,2,3,4 and other behavioral health conditions..5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13

Critical Elements Necessary for ANY Type of Behavior Analysis Service:

The following critical elements MUST be satisfied to qualify for BA services:

a. Eligibility – The recipient must meet all criteria for BA services as outlined in the Behavior

Analysis Services Coverage Policy, Rule 59G-4.125, F.A.C.

b. Medical necessity – The recipient must meet medical necessity criteria as outlined in in Rule

59G-1.010, F.A.C.

c. The recipient currently engages in maladaptive behaviors

d. These maladaptive behaviors interfere with the recipient’s daily functioning

1. Criteria for Initial Behavior Analysis Assessment – BOTH of the following MUST be satisfied:

a. ALL critical elements are met

b. Provider submits a valid written physician’s order as stipulated in the Behavior Analysis

Services Coverage Policy, Rule 59G-4.125, F.A.C.

1 Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB). Applied Behavior Analysis Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Practice Guidelines for Healthcare Funders and Managers (2nd ed.), 2016. 2 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2014). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J. Am. Acad.Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 53(2), 237–257. 3 National Autism Center. (2015). Findings and conclusions: National standards project, phase 2. Randolph, MA: Author. 4 Wong C, Odom, SL, Hume, K, Cox AW, Fettig A, Kucharczyk S, Brock M, Plavnick J, Fleury V, and Schultz TR. (2014). Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, Autism Evidence-Based Practice Review Group. 5 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2007). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 46(7), 894-921. 6 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (1997). Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Conduct Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 36(10 Supplement): 122S-139S. 7 American Academy of Pediatrics. (2001). Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of the School-Aged Child with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics, 108(4), 1033-1044. 8 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2007). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 46(1), 107-125. 9 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2012). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 51(1), 98 -113. 10 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 46(1), 126-141. 11 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2013). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Tic Disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 52(12), 1341–1359. 12 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2010). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 49(4):414-430. 13 Feeley KM, Jones EA. (2006). Addressing challenging behaviour in children with Down syndrome: The use of applied behaviour analysis for assessment and intervention. Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 11(2), 64-77.


2 Draft Rule

2. Criteria for Behavior Analysis Services and Reassessments15 - ALL of the following MUST

be satisfied:

a. ALL critical elements are met

b. An assessment or, if applicable, a reassessment, authored by a lead analyst, is provided.

This (re)assessment MUST include, at a minimum, ALL of the following:16,17,18

i. A clear operational description of the maladaptive behavior(s)

ii. Baseline and/or updated treatment data (if reassessment)

iii. Progress toward identified goals (if a reassessment)

iv. Identification of the events, times, and situations that appear to be associated to the

occurrence of the maladaptive behavior(s)

v. Identification of the functional consequences of the maladaptive behavior(s)

vi. Development of hypotheses and summary statements that describe the maladaptive

behavior(s) and its(their) functions

vii. Summary and recommendations

c. A behavior plan19,20authored or updated by a lead analyst. This MUST include, at a minimum,

ALL of the following:

i. Observable and measurable descriptions of the maladaptive behavior(s)

ii. Identified function of the maladaptive behavior(s) behavior as a result of the

assessment or reassessment conducted

iii. Goals and strategies for changing the maladaptive behavior(s)

iv. Written detailed description of when, where, and how often these goals will be

addressed and proposed strategies will be implemented

v. System for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the plan

vi. Safety and crisis plan, if applicable

vii. Summary and recommendations

viii. Discharge criteria

ix. Transition Plan (if applicable)

15 Although the assessment and behavior plan are addressed here separately both of them can be submitted as a single document. 16 An assessment of the maladaptive behavior(s) is a necessary element of the process of identifying the frequency and magnitude of the behaviors as well as the variables associated with the occurrence of the maladaptive behavior(s). This helps in defining what are the functional consequences of the problem behavior(s) so that an adequate behavior plan can be implemented. 17 Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. 18 Gresham, F.M., Watson, T.S., & Skinner, C. H. (2001). Functional Behavioral Assessment: Principles, Procedures, and Future Directions. School Psychology Review, 30(2):156-172. 19 The behavior plan is cornerstone of the delivery of behavior analysis services and it is based on the information obtained in the assessment. It proposes specific interventions to reduce or eliminate the maladaptive behavior. These interventions take into consideration the variables, both present before the behavior as well as after the behavior, that influence the occurrence of the maladaptive behavior(s). This plan also includes replacement appropriate behaviors for the recipient to engage in instead of the maladaptive behaviors in order to obtain the same function. The plan must be detailed enough to warrant the requested services and include mechanisms to monitor its effectiveness. 20 Umbreit, J., Ferro, J., Liaupsin, C. J., & Lane, K. L. (2007). Functional behavior assessment and function-based intervention: An effective practical approach. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.


3 Draft Rule

3. Criteria for Continuation of Treatment at the Present Level and/or Using Current

Methods: Providers must ensure that ALL of the following criteria are met to request continuation of

treatment at the present level or using the current methods. If criteria for 3a is met, but criteria for 3b

and/or 3c are not met, then a reduction of the treatment level and/or change of treatment methods may

be warranted.

a. ALL criteria listed in 2a, 2b, and 2c regarding critical elements, assessment or

reassessment, and behavior plan, are met.

b. The data provided must show evidence that the frequency of the maladaptive behavior(s) has decreased since the last review and, if not, that there is a modification of the behavior plan.

c. The level of functional impairment justifies continuation of BA services. The reviewer utilizes the table below as a guide as it relates to the level of functional impairment:

Functional Impairment as expressed through behaviors

None Mild Moderate Severe

Safety - aggression, self-injury, property destruction, elopement

Communication - problems with expressive/receptive language, poor understanding or use of non-verbal communications, stereotyped, repetitive language

Self-stimulating, abnormal, inflexible, or intense preoccupations

Self-care - difficulty recognizing risks or danger, grooming, eating, or toileting


4 Draft Rule

4. Criteria to Assess the Intensity of Behavior Analysis Services: Providers may request up to

40 hours of BA services per week, per recipient, based upon the following:

As a rule, higher number of maladaptive behaviors, higher severity and frequency of behaviors, as well as the

multiplicity of settings where the behaviors occur, would usually justify a higher number of services hours. The

greater the number of goals targeted to reduce maladaptive behaviors, the more the likelihood that a higher

number of services hours could also be warranted.

Providers MUST ensure that proper justification for the requested hours of services is adequately documented

in the behavior plan. Based on the information provided in the assessment, behavior plan, and any other

supporting documentation, the reviewer utilizes the table below as a guide as it relates to the level of functional

impairment. The results are then utilized as a guide when reviewing the number of requested service hours.








5 Draft Rule

5. Criteria for Discharge from Behavior Analysis Services21 - ONE or MORE of the following MUST

be satisfied:

a. The critical elements are no longer met.

b. The data provided shows that the frequency and severity of maladaptive behavior(s) has

declined to the point that they no longer pose a barrier to the child’s ability to function in

his/her environment.

c. The data provided shows the recipient has made no progress toward any goals in the last 12

consecutive months.

d. The level of functional impairment as expressed through behaviors no longer justifies

continued BA services.

e. Parent/guardian withdraws consent for treatment.

The reviewer utilizes the table below as a guide as it relates to the level of functional impairment.







When applicable, the recipient would be transitioned to other appropriate services.

21 The clinical criteria for discharge from BA services is based on the recipient no longer meeting medical necessity for BA services.


6 Draft Rule

Referencesi

American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2007). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and

Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child

Adolesc. Psychiatry, 46(7), 894-921. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-

8567(09)62182-1/pdf

American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2007) Practice Parameter for the Assessment and

Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry,

46(1), 107-125. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)61968-7/pdf

American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (1997). Practice Parameters for the Assessment

and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Conduct Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc.

Psychiatry, 36(10 Supplement): 122S-139S. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-

8567(09)62597-1/pdf


Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc.

Psychiatry, 46(1), 126-141. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)61969-9/pdf


Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child

Adolesc. Psychiatry,51(1), 98 –113. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-

8567(11)00882-3/pdf


Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Tic Disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry,

52(12), 1341–1359. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(13)00695-3/pdf


Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc.

Psychiatry, 49(4), 414-430. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(10)00082-1/pdf

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2014). Practice Parameter for the Assessment

and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J. Am. Acad.Child Adolesc.

Psychiatry,53(2), 237–257. Retrieved from: http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(13)00819-8/pdf

http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)62182-1/pdf











7 Draft Rule

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2001). Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of the School-Aged Child

with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics, 108(4), 1033-1044. Retrieved from:

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/108/4/1033.full.pdf

Beacon Health Options. (2016). National Medical Necessity Criteria (NMNC) 6-604-0 for Intensive

Behavioral Intervention or Applied Behavior Analysis. Retrieved from:

http://www.valueoptions.com/providers/Handbook/clinical/NMNC-6.604.0.pdf

Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) Applied Behavior Analysis Treatment for Autism Spectrum

Disorder: Practice Guidelines for Healthcare Funders and Managers (2nd ed.), 2016. Retrieved from:

https://bacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ABA_Guidelines_for_ASD.pdf

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall:

Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Feeley KM, Jones EA. (2006). Addressing challenging behaviour in children with Down syndrome: The

use of applied behaviour analysis for assessment and intervention. Down Syndrome Research and

Practice, 11(2); 64-77. Retrieved from: https://www.down-syndrome.org/perspectives/316/

Gresham, F.M., Watson, T.S., & Skinner, C. H. (2001). Functional Behavioral Assessment: Principles,

Procedures, and Future Directions. School Psychology Review, 30(2), 156-172. Retrieved from:

https://faculty.unlv.edu/sloe/Courses/EPY%20715/FBA%20Articles/Gresham,%20Watson,%20Steuart,%

20%26%20Skinner%20(2001).pdf

National Autism Center. (2015). Findings and conclusions: National standards project, phase Randolph,

MA: Author. Retrieved from: http://www.nationalautismcenter.org/national-standards-project/phase-2/

Newcomer, L. L., & Lewis, T. J. (2004). Functional behavioral assessment: An investigation of

assessment reliability and effectiveness of function based interventions. Journal of Emotional and

Behavioral Disorders, 3, 168-181.

Umbreit, J., Ferro, J., Liaupsin, C. J., & Lane, K. L. (2007). Functional behavior assessment and function-

based intervention: An effective practical approach. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River.

Wong C, Odom, SL, Hume, K, Cox AW, Fettig A, Kucharczyk S, Brock M, Plavnick J, Fleury V, and

Schultz TR. (2014). Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with Autism Spectrum

Disorder. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute,

Autism Evidence-Based Practice Review Group. Retrieved from:

http://autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/sites/autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/files/2014-EBP-Report.pdf

When available, direct links to reference sources are provided.

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/108/4/1033.full.pdf

http://www.valueoptions.com/providers/Handbook/clinical/NMNC-6.604.0.pdf

https://bacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ABA_Guidelines_for_ASD.pdf

https://www.down-syndrome.org/perspectives/316/

https://faculty.unlv.edu/sloe/Courses/EPY%20715/FBA%20Articles/Gresham,%20Watson,%20Steuart,%20%26%20Skinner%20(2001).pdf

https://faculty.unlv.edu/sloe/Courses/EPY%20715/FBA%20Articles/Gresham,%20Watson,%20Steuart,%20%26%20Skinner%20(2001).pdf

http://www.nationalautismcenter.org/national-standards-project/phase-2/

http://autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/sites/autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/files/2014-EBP-Report.pdf

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