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BBEHAVIOR EHAVIOR OOF F FRCFRC
BBEAMS EAMS UUNDER NDER
DDIFFERENT IFFERENT LLOADSOADS
By Mohannad M. Abdul-AzizSupervised By Dr. Mazin B. Abdul-Rahman
January 2009
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Fibers in Concrete
• The choice of fibers to use should be made based on what properties are required from the concrete, like:
1.1. Reduce bleedingReduce bleeding
2.2. Improving impact resistanceImproving impact resistance
3.3. Flexural toughness Flexural toughness
4.4. Freeze thaw resistanceFreeze thaw resistance
5.5. Fire resistance Fire resistance
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Range of load versus deflectionRange of load versus deflection
curves for unreinforced matrix curves for unreinforced matrix and fiber reinforced concreteand fiber reinforced concrete
1. Fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
Mechanism involved in Mechanism involved in Fiber operationFiber operation
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• Synthetic fibersSynthetic fibers are man-made fibers are man-made fibers resulting from research and resulting from research and development in the petrochemical development in the petrochemical and textile industries.and textile industries.
• SyntheticSynthetic Fiber types Fiber types that have been that have been tried in portland cement concrete tried in portland cement concrete are: carbon, nylon, polyester, are: carbon, nylon, polyester, polyethylene and polyethylene and polypropylenepolypropylene..
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
Examples of commercially available fibers Examples of commercially available fibers
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
cross-sectional geometries of fiberscross-sectional geometries of fibers some typical fiber geometriessome typical fiber geometries
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1.1.Polypropylene FiberPolypropylene Fiber
• PolypropylenePolypropylene fibers, the most popular of the synthetics.
• PolypropylenePolypropylene is hydrophobic, meaning it does not absorb water.
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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PolypropylenePolypropylene fibers are produced either as (left) fine fibres with rectangular cross section or (right) cylindrical monofilament.
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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2.2. Steel FiberSteel Fiber
• fiber length varies from (12.7 mm) to (63.5 mm). The most common fiber diameters are in the range of (0.45 mm) to (1.0mm).
• steel fibers have shapes which include round, rectangular, and crescent cross sections, depending on the manufacturing process and raw material used.
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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Steel fibers with hooked endsSteel fibers with hooked ends
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
Fracture surface of SFRCFracture surface of SFRC
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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- Concrete is a veryConcrete is a very
brittle material.brittle material.
- The role of randomly The role of randomly
distributes discontinuousdistributes discontinuous
fibres is to bridge across fibres is to bridge across
the the crackscracks..
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
-But why do we need-But why do we need fibers in concretefibers in concrete
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• The real contribution of the fibres is to The real contribution of the fibres is to
increase the increase the flexural toughnessflexural toughness of the of the
concreteconcrete
((defined as defined as
some function of thesome function of the
area under the loadarea under the load
vs. deflection curvevs. deflection curve), ),
under any type ofunder any type of
loading.loading.
2. Using different types of fibers in concrete
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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A- Theoretical Part
1. Static Analysis for prepared beam samples.
– (using ANSYS 11.0 (2007) ProgramANSYS 11.0 (2007) Program)
2. Impact Resistance Analysis for prepared
beam samples.
– (using DARC III DARC III Nonlinear transient dynamic Nonlinear transient dynamic
analysis for three dimensional structuresanalysis for three dimensional structures
ProgramProgram)
To compare the result with the experimental works
3. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloadsBehavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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B- Experimental Works– Material that will be used:
• Cement
• Aggregate
• Sand
• Fiber (PPF) (length 12mm) (SikaFiber)
• Fiber (steel) (length 30mm) (Sika Company)
• Super plasticizer (Water reducer) (Sikament-HRWRA-FFN)
• Silica fume (Sikafume-HR)
3. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloadsBehavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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Fiber (PPF) (length 12mm) Fiber (PPF) (length 12mm)
(product by Sika Company)(product by Sika Company)
• Sika FibreSika Fibre is based on high quality monofilament micro polypropylene fibers.
• Appearance/ Colors: White• Packaging: 600g bags at box of 40 bags• Compatibility: Sika FibreSika Fibre can be used with
all Sika® admixtures.
• meeting the requirements of: ACI 544-1& 2RACI 544-1& 2R.
3. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloadsBehavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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Super plasticizer SP (Water reducer) Super plasticizer SP (Water reducer) (Sikament-HRWRA-(Sikament-HRWRA-FFNFFN))
(product by Sika Company)(product by Sika Company)
• high-range water-reducing admixture (HRWRA) meeting the requirements of:
• ASTM C494 Type FASTM C494 Type F or GG or ASTM C 1017 Type IASTM C 1017 Type I or IIII.• Chemical Base: Melamine sulphonate polymer based
liquid• Compatibility: Sikament FFN can be used with
Sika Fiber & Sika fume .
3. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloadsBehavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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• Why we usedWhy we used
superplasticizersuperplasticizer
- SP can be used in concrete to :
• Get Higher slump without additional water,
• lower w/c at equivalent slumps,
• improved workability,
• increase strength by decreasing (w/cm)
3. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloadsBehavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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4. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
Silica Fume SF (Sikafume-HR)Silica Fume SF (Sikafume-HR)
(product by Sika Company)(product by Sika Company)
• SikaFumeSikaFume is a concrete additive in powder is a concrete additive in powder
form based on silica fume technology.form based on silica fume technology.
• Meeting the requirements of: ACI Committee ACI Committee
234234
• Appearance / Colour: Grey to dark grey powder
4. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
21As-produced powderAs-produced powder
4. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
Water-based slurryWater-based slurry
- Silica Fume Product - Silica Fume Product Forms: Forms:
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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Premium -- White
Standard -- Grey
- Silica Fume - Silica Fume Colors:Colors:
4. Research working plane
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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• Why we used silica fumeWhy we used silica fume
• Improve the transition zone wich is represented as a thin layer between the bulk hydrated cement paste and the aggregate particles in concrete. This zone is the weakest component in concrete.
• Provide concrete with very high compressive strength
• Enhancing Mechanical Properties due to its extremely small particle size, and large surface area
• Improving Durability
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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• Mix Design: Mix Design: A- Trial Mix: (to get Ref. mix) 1. Fix w/c (to get compressive strength at least 40 Mpa)2. Record slump (200mm ± 5mm) according to slump test (ASTM C 143) 3. Casting:- Cubes (150*150*150)mm- Prisms (100*100*50)mm - Impact rings (152 Dia.*63.5 t)mm
- Beams (ReferenceReference)
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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B- Mixes work:1. Mix No. (1)
Ref. + SP (optimum dosage) + SF (optimum
dosage)
- Getting the optimum dosage from SP & SF:- Adding SP (as a percentage by weight of
cement) to reach the same slump of the Ref. mix. - Then adding SF (as a percentage by weight of
cement) to reach the same slump of the Ref. mix.- Record the optimum dosages.- w/c will be reduced due to the effect of SP (as a
chemical ad.) and SF (as a mineral ad.).
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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• SPSP used demand:
• Increase workability that has been decreased with the addition of fibers.
( Balling—When fibers entangle into large clumps or balls in a mixture.)
• Silica fume addition usually increases water demand.
• SF SF used demand:
• to improved bond strength in the concrete matrix by increasing the paste to-fiber bond.
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
2. Mix No. (2) Mix No.(1) + 0.5 % from PPF (as a VF)3. Mix No. (3) Mix No.(1) + 0.75 % from PPF (as a VF)4. Mix No. (4) Mix No.(1) + 1.5 % from PPF (as a VF)5. Mix No. (5) Mix No.(1) + (50%) 0.5 % from PPF (VF)+(50%) 0.5 % from Steel Fiber (VF)6. Mix No. (6) Mix No.(1) + (50%) 0.75 % from PPF (VF)+(50%) 0.75 % from Steel Fiber (VF)
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7. Mix No. (7) Mix No.(1) + (50%) 1.5 % from PPF (VF)+ (50%) 1.5 % from Steel Fiber (VF)
- For each mix we will cast (at least): ( 33 beams beams ) and ( 33 prisms prisms )
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloadsBehavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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• Samples Testing:Samples Testing: 1- Static TestStatic Test: by the Universal machine for cubes, prisms and beams.
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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2- Impact test:• Improved impact resistance (dynamic energy absorption as well as strength) is one of the important topics of FRC.
• The simplest of the impact tests is the “repeated impact,” drop-weight test.
• The hammer is dropped repeatedly, and the number of blows required to cause the first visible crack on the top and to cause ultimate failure are both recorded.
3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloadsBehavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
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3. Research working plan
Behavior of FRC beams under different Behavior of FRC beams under different loadsloads
Steel frame (impact resistance test) for beam samples
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Thank youThank you