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Equine Behavior
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What Affects Behavior?
Environment
Experiences
Diet
Exercise
Stress
Genetics
Gender
Type
Breed
Familygroup
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Smell Identify other horses
Mating
Locate water, feed
Vomeronasal organ
Pheromones
Ears & Hearing
Detect sounds Determine location of
sound
To provide sensoryinformation
Hear in range 14 Hz to 25kHz (humans 20 Hz to 20kHz)
Auricle 180o rotation
Ear position generallyrelates to visual attention
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Touch Responsive to pain,
pressure, cold and
heat
Sensitive areas Eyes, ears and nose
Withers, ribs, flanks
and legs
Suffers fatigue
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VISION
Primary detector of danger
Acute ability to detectmovement
Monocular & Binocular vision
Monocular field of vision:215o for each eye
Binocular field of vision:60o-70o
Often raise head to observeclose objects
Lower head to observe farawayobjects
Monocular field
Up to 215o
Monocular field
Binocular field
60-70oMarginal zone
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Visual Signs
Ears
Tail
Mouth & lips Eyes
Nostrils
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Horse Behavior
Social Organization Harem groups
Domestic horses,Przewalski horse & some
zebra
Territorial breeders-Donkeys & some zebras
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Social Organization
Harem
Family
Mares
Stallion
Bachelor Group
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Ten Natural Survival Traits
Depends on flight as itsprimary means of survival
One of the most perceptive
of all domestic animalsVery fast response time
Can be desensitized from
frightening stimuli Horses forgive, but do not
forget
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Ten Natural Survival Traits
Horses categorize A) something not to fear, so ignore or
explore
B) Something to fear, so flee
Horses are easily dominated Horses exert dominance by
controlling the movement of theirpeers. Horse accept dominance when: We or another animal cause them to
move when they prefer not to We or another animal inhibit movement
when they want to flee
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Ten Natural Survival Traits
The body language of a horse is unique to theequine species
Horse is a precocial species (newborn foals are
neurologically mature at birth)
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Types of Horse
Behavior
Ingestive behavior
Eliminative behavior
Epimeletic behavior -
Care-giving & care-seeking behavior
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Types of Horse Behavior
Sexual
Polygamous
One offspring
Seasonal Breeders Fetal behavior
Parturient behavior
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Horse Behavior
Self-care behavior
Homeostatic influences
Grooming
Rest Awake 80%
Drowsiness 8%
Sleep 12%
Autogroom
Mutual Groom
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Types of Horse Behavior
Investigative Behavior
Play behavior
Exploratory behavior
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Types of Horse Behavior
Allelomimetic Behavior
Mimicry
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Types of Horse Behavior
Agonistic Behavior
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Types of Horse Behavior
Dominance/Submission(Social Order)
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Horse Behavior
Spacing
Individual distance
Group distance Social distance
Flight distance
Home range
Territorial
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Activity
Diurnal
Travel up to 16 km/d(10 mile/d)
Home range, can be upto 1000 ha.(2500 acres)
Range: 0.8-303 sq. km
(0.5-188 sq. mile)
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Average Time Budgets For
Horses
60%20%
10%
10%
Eat
Stand
Lie
Other
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Behavioral Considerations in
Equine Handling HERD INSTINCT
HOMING INSTINCT
FLIGHT
DOMINANCEHEIREACHY
TERRITORIALBEHAVIOR
SELF-DEFENSE HABIT
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Good StressThestressful condition in
which the horse can find
a solution that willrelieve the stress
Harmful StressAstressful condition in
which there is no
possible solution orescape.
Stress
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Responses To Harmful Stress
Habituate
Develop abnormal behavior
Permanent fear memory
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Equine Stereotypes
Oral
Cribbing
Tongue movements
Lip movements
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Equine Stereotypes
Locomotion
Head movements(bobbing, tossing,shaking, swinging,
nodding)
Throat rubbing
Pacing
Weaving
Fence or stall walking
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Equine Stereotypes
Locomotion
Circling
Stomping
Kicking
Pawing
Digging
Tail rubbing
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Equine Stereotypes
Self-Mutilation
Self-biting (flank, chest, shoulder)
Wall-kicking
Lunging into objects
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EQUINE VICES
AGGRESSIVE VICES
Biting
Charging
Crowding Rearing
Kicking
Striking
Fighting
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EQUINE VICES
METABOLIC VICES
Coprophagy or dirt eating
Cribbing
Mane and tail chewing Wood chewing
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