Behavior Physiology

Epigenetic content of this paper

10 day defeat

10 minutes

24 hours

Social Avoidance

10 days

without social target

WITH social target

t2t1=

(t1) (t2)

Sub-maximal defeat

10 minutes

15 minutes

Social Avoidance

3xZ

ZZ

Z

Normal males Breed offspringDefeat Sub-maximal defeat

F 1F 1PP

Normal males Breed “PRE” offspring

Defeat

Breed “POST” offspring Behavioral testing

Behavioral testing

F 1F 1

F 2F 2

PP

F 1F 1

“PRE” offspring Defeat “POST” offspring

F 1F 1 F 2F 2

Healthy fathers

PP

Anxiety Anxiety

Depression Depression

Corticosterone• Increases during stress• Acute increase promotes

learning• Chronic increase yields

depression• Enjoy in moderation

VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)

• Increases after exercise (a good thing)

• Needed by neurons/vessels to survive

• Decreased in depression

• BAD endocrine profile– Only POST offspring– Only at basal levels– Only males

“PRE” offspring Defeat “POST” offspring

F 1F 1 F 2F 2

Healthy fathers

PP

In Vitro

Defeated Males

Sex

ConceptionEPM

LocomotionSuc Pref

FST

EPMLocomotion

Suc PrefFST

The kids

Take home point