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8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
1/16
Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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Behavior of Fuel
(Incident Command & Control)
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
2
Types of Fuels
Solid fuels
Liquid fuels Flammable liquids (Boiling Point < 37.8 oC
Combustible liquids (Boiling Point !" 37.8 oC
#aseous fuels
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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$me%gen&y 'n&idents
Fi%e
elease
To)i&
Flammable * Combustible
$)plosion
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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$me%gen&y 'n&ident + Fi%e
Fi%e o% &ombustion, is a chemical process caused by the combination of one or more substances withoxygen. In order to start this process, normally an initial source of heat is required. During this process fuel and
oxygen is consumed and as a result heat, light, smoeand toxic gases are produced.
Classifi&ation of Fi%e, Class - , Solid &ombustible mate%ials
Class B , Flammable liquid
Class C , Flammable gas
Class , /etal
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
5/16Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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Stages of Fi%e
Sta%t
#%o0t1
e&ay
Fuel 2apo%s (at surface )
2apo%s 4)ygen Fi%e
5eating
5eating
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
6/16Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
'nitial stage of fi%e
" T1e quantity of 1eat %equi%ed to p%odu&e 6apou% at t1e su%fa&e
totally depends on t1e pa%ti&ula% &ombustible substan&e (e.g..ood Coal Fuel 4il et&.
" 4)ygen is f%eely a6ailable in t1e atmosp1e%e (about 9: ;
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
7/16
Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
Fully g%o0n Fi%e
" Liquid Fuel Can Still Bu%n 1en 49 Le6el %op to :; But
Ceases to Bu%n 1en it ea&1es at :=;." Solid mate%ials &ontinue to bu%n o% at least glo0ing until t1e
o)ygen &ontent in t1e ai% is %edu&ed to >;
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
8/16
Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
e&ay ? deat1 of Fi%e
" Fi%e gets e)tinguis1ed o% dies by
# Sta%6ing fo% fuel # edu&tion in o)ygen
# emo6al o% %edu&tion in 1eat
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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Solid fuels
Classifi&ation of Solid Fuels. Flammable solids (t1ose 01i&1 tend to loose 6alen&e s1ellele&t%ons quite %eadily. $.g. /agnesium -luminium
Spontaneously &ombustible mate%ials (py%op1o%i& o% self1eating mate%ials. $.g. Titanium t%i+&1lo%ide p1osp1o%ous
ate% %ea&ti6e mate%ials (dange%ous 01en 0et mate%ials.$.g. Sodium Potassium Cal&ium
Self %ea&ti6e mate%ials (t1ose 01i&1 unde%go e)ot1e%mi&de&omposition at no%mal o% ele6ated tempe%atu%e. $.g.1yd%ides niti%des p1osp1ides ? bo%onides.
Sub &atego%ies /etalli& solids
@on+metalli& solids
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
1%
Solid fuels on &ombustion
/ole&ules a%e bounded toget1e% by bonds.
Bonds gets agitated 01en 1eat is applied.
Some mole&ules b%eaA apa%t and &ombines
0it1 o)ygen. esults in e)ot1e%mi& %ea&tion leading to&1ain %ea&tion.
- fe0 mate%ials &ontain suffi&ient o)ygen to
suppo%t &ombustion 1en&e &an bu%n in t1eabsen&e of ai%.
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
11/16
Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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Liquid fuels
Catego%ies of Liquid Fuels 5yd%o&a%bons (-lAanes -lAenes -lAynes Cy&li& 5Cs
@on 1yd%o&a%bon (Py%op1o%i& ? 5ype%goli&
Classifi&ation of Pet%oleum (-ny liquid
1yd%o&a%bon o% mi)tu%e of 1yd%o&a%bons and any inflammablemi)tu%e &ontaining liquid 1yd%o&a%bon
Class - , FP < 93oC
Class B , FP !" 93oC < >oC
Class C , FP !" >oC < 3oC
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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Liquid Fuel(P%ope%ties 'nfluen&ing Combustion
2apou% p%essu%eFlas1 point
Boiling point
Spe&ifi& g%a6ity
2olatility2apou% density
'gnition tempe%atu%e (-uto ignition temp.
Flammability limits * $)plosi6e %ange
ate% Solubility
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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Liquid Fuel on Combustion
Fi%e &at&1es only 0it1in t1e flammablelimits.
Tempe%atu%e of liquid in&%eases only till its
Boiling point. Fu%t1e% 1eating %esults inmo%e 6apo%iation only.
Fo% p%odu&ts 0it1 multiple boiling point($.g. C%ude 4il t1e tempe%atu%e %ises up
to t1e Boiling point of t1e lig1test pointbefo%e it &at&1es fi%e.
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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#aseous Fuel
Classifi&ation of #aseous fuel Liquefied gases (01i&1 &an be liquefied at 9:oC byin&%easing p%essu%e to 6apou% p%essu%e
@on liquefied Comp%essed gases (01i&1 e)ists solely in t1egaseous state unde% p%essu%e at no%mal tempe%atu%e. $.g.
5yd%ogen 5elium
C%yogeni& liquids (t1ose made f%om gases liquefied by&ooling to 6e%y lo0 tempe%atu%es $.g. L@#
Classifi&ation by usage Fuel gases (fo% 1eating &ooAing. $.g. LP#
'ndust%ial gases (fo% 0elding &utting &1emi&al p%o&essing
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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#aseous Fuel on &ombustion
'gnite in one single stage 0it1out p%elimina%y0a%ming up.
Some gases 1ea6ie% t1an ai% a&&umulates at lo0e%le6el. T1e lig1te% ones 0ill %ise to t1e atmosp1e%e
Be1a6io% of gas depends on &1emi&al p1ysi&alp%ope%ties and t1e &onditions unde% 01i&1 it is1andled liAe Tempe%atu%e p%essu%e and 6olume.
P%essu%e is a%guably t1e most impo%tant aspe&t of a&losed gas &ontaine%. (#auge p%essu%e ? -bsolute
p%essu%e
8/20/2019 Behaviour of Fuel
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Reliance Fire ServicesFire and Incident Command Course
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Fi%e #i6e T1e TestDust -1ead 4f T1e Lesson