16 TENSES

SMKN 2 BUDURAN SIDOARJO

Tenses

Present

Past

Future

Past Futur

e

TENSES

Is a form of the verb in English to show the time (present, future, or past)

the occurrence of an act or event.

Present

Simple Present Tense

Present Continuou

s Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect

Continuous Tense.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSESimple Present tense used to express an action or

activity that taked place / happening at the current time in a simple form, activity or work performed repeatedly, daily activity and to express general truths. Simple present tense use “To be 1” and “Verb 1”

Formulas and examples of simple present tenseVerbal sentences + S + V1 + C

- S + DON’T / DOESN’T + V1 + C

? DON’T / DOESN’T + S +V1 + C?

+ She teaches English everyday

- She doesn’t teach English everyday

? Does she teach English everyday?

Nominal sentences

Time signal for Simple Present Tense :Everyday - often – usually – sometimes -seldom – rarely –

always – occasionally – never – twice a week - on Tuesdays – most of the time ....

+ She is a secretary

- She is not a secretary

? Is she a scretary?

+ S + TO BE 1 + COMPLEMENT

- S + TO BE 1 + COMPLEMENT

? TO BE 1 + S + COMPLEMENT?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEPresent Continuous tense used to express an act, condition or event that is happening at the time discussed. for the present continuous tense use verbs with the suffix “-ing” / (verb + ing). Time form the Present Continuous Tense use “TO BE 1”

formulas and examples of the Present Continuous Tense:Verbal sentences

+ S + TO BE 1 + VERB – ING + O

- S + TO BE 1 + NOT + VERB -ING) + O

? TO BE 1 + S + VERB - ING + O?

+ My brothers are watching television now

- My brothers are not watching television now

? Are my brothers watching television now?

Time signal for the Present Continuous Tense:now, at present, right now, at the morning, today, for the time being and etc.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSEPresent Perfect Tense used to express an act, condition or event that happened in the past. Present perfect tense use “ TO BE 3” and “Verb 3”. TO BE 3 is been.

formulas and examples of the Present perfect tense:Verbal Sentences

+ S + HAS/HAVE + V3 + C

- S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + V3 + C

? HAS/HAVE + S + V3 + C?

+ I has bought a book

- I has not bought a book

? Has i bought a book?

Nominal Sentences

Time Signal for the Present Perfect Tense:just, already, at last, lately, ever, never, before , since,

+ S + HAS/HAVE BEEN + C

- S + HAS/HAVE BEEN + NOT + C

? HAS/HAVE BEEN + S + C?

+ She has been draw a picture

- She has been not draw a picture

? Has been she draw a picture?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSEPresent Perfect Continuous Tense used to express for actions started in the past, continuing to the present and probably continuing into the future. . Present perfect continuous tense use “To Be 3 (been)”

formulas and examples for the Present Perfect continuous tense:Verbal Sentences+ S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VERB –ING + O

- S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + BEEN + VERB-ING + O

? HAS/HAVE + S + BEEN + VERB-ING +O?

+ They have been swimming in the swimming pool

- They have been not swimming in the swimming pool

? Have been they swimming in the swimming poo?

Time Signal for the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:for over ...year, since ... o’clock, all morning, all day, all week and etc.

Past

Past Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect

continuous tense

Simple Past

Tense

SIMPLE PAST TENSESimple Past Tense used to express an act or event that happening in the past and time of the happening the event is known. Simple past tense use “To Be 2” and “Verb 2”. To be 2 are was and were.

formulas and examples for the Simple Past Tense:Verbal Sentences+ S + VERB 2 + C

- S + DID NOT + VERB 1 + C

? DID + S + VERB 1 + C?

+ Tony bought a new car yesterday

- Tony did not buy a new car yesterday

? Did tony buy a new car yesterday?

Nominal Sentences

Time signal for the Simple Past Tense:yesterday, last night, last week, to days ago, and etc

+ S + WAS/WERE+ C

- S + WAS/WERE NOT + C

? WAS/WERE + S + C?

+ They were here yesterday

- They were not here yersterday

? Were they here yesterday?

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSEPast Continuous Tense used to show two events happening at the same time, but an events occurs earlier and still in progress when the second incident occurred. In the past continuous tense use “verb-ing” and the time form of the past continuous tense use “To be 2 (WAS/WERE)”

formulas and examples for the Past Continuous Tense:Verbal Sentences

+ S + TO BE 2 + VERB-ING + O

- S + TO BE 2 + NOT + VERB-ING + O

? TO BE 2 + S + VERB-ING + O?

+ Anton was running in the field

- Anton was not running in the field

? Was anton running in the filed?

Time signal for the Past Continuous Tense: When .... (past tense), while, all morning yesterday, the whole day last Monday, and etc

PAST PERFECT TENSEPast Perfect Tense to explain an activity which had been done in the past or to explain an activity which had been done when/before another activity happened .

formulas and examples for the Past Perfect Tense:Verbal Sentences

+ S + HAD + V3 + O

- S + HAD + NOT + V3 + O

? HAD + S + V3 + O

+ He had left before his parents came.

- He had not left before his parents came.

? Had he left before his parents came?

Nominal Sentense

Time signal for the Past Perfect tense: before past tense, until pats tense, as soon as past tense, after past tense

+ S + HAD + BEEN + C

- S + HAD + NOT + BEEN + C

? HAD + S + BEEN + C

+ She had been busy until her friend helped her.

- She had not been busy until her friend helped her.

? Had she been busy until her friend helped her?

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSEPast Perfect Continuous tense used to explain an activity which had been started in the past but still on the process when another activity happened in the past. Past Perfect Continuous tense used “To Be 3 (Been)”

formulas and example for the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:Verbal Sentence+ S + HAD + BEEN + VERB-ING + O

- S + HAD+ NOT + BEEN + VERB-ING + O

? HAD + S + BEEN + VERB-ING + O?

+ She had been writing for me when i went home yesterday

- She had not been writing for me when i went home yesterday

? Had she been writing for me when i went home yesterday?

Time Signal For the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:when past tense,

Future

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSESimple Future Tense used to explain an act or activity that will happen in the future and to make conditional sentence type 2 .

formulas and examples for the Simple Future Tense:Verbal Sentences+ S+ WILL/SHALL + VERB 1 + O

- S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + VERB 1 + O

? WILL/SHALL+ S + VERB 1 +O

+ Nana will call us soon

- Nana will not call us soon

? Will nana call us soon?

Nominal Sentences

Time Signal for the Simple Future Tense:tomorrow, soon, next week, next year and etc

note: will used for all subject, and shall just used for I and WE.

+ S + WILL/SHALL + BE + C

- S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + BE + C

? WILL/SHALL + S + BE + C

+ Perhaps it will be a better day tomorrow

- Perhaps It will not be better day tomorrow

? Will it perhaps be better day tomorrow?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSEFuture Continuous Tense used for actions or events in the future that will continue into the future.

Formulas and examples for the Future Continuous Tense:Verbal Sentences + S + WILL/SHALL + BE +VERB-ING + O

- S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + BE +VERB-ING+ O

? WILL/SHALL + S + VERB-ING + O?

+ My mother will be teaching math at five o’clock next week.

- My mother will not be teaching math at five o’clock next week.

? Will my mother be teaching math at five o’clock next week?

Time Signal for the Future Continuous Tense:At this time tomorrow, from seven to nine tonight, soon, next... and etc.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSEFuture Perfect Tense used to explain an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future or to express the idea that something will occur before in the future. For future Perfect Tense all subject used “Have” for auxiliary verb, and “Shall” just used for “I” and “We”.

formulas and examples for the future perfect tense:VERBAL SENTENCES

+ S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + VERB 3 + O

- S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + HAVE + VERB 3 + O

? WILL/SHALL + S + HAVE + VERB 3 + O?

Nominal Sentences

Time Signal For the Future Perfect Tense: By next month, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, and etc.

+ We shall have arrived at India at Sunday.

- We shall not have arrived at India at Sunday.

? Have we shall arrived at India at Sunday?

+ S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + C

- S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + C

? WILL/SHALL + S + HAVE + BEEN + C?

+ The wild boar will have been here for a year by next week.

- The wild boar will not have been here for a year by next week.

? Will the wild boar have been here for a year by next week.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSEFuture Perfect Continuous Tense used for explain an activity which will have been being done in the future.

formulas and examples for the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:VERBAL SENTENCES+ S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + VERB-ING +

O

- S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + VERB-ING + O

? WILL/SHALL + S + HAVE + BEEN + VERB-ING + O?+ He will have been studying at SMP for three years

by the year.

- He will not have been studying at SMP for three years by the year.

? Will he have been studying at SMP for three years by the year.?

Time signal for the future perfect continuous tense:by the end of ....

Past Future Tense

Past Future

Continuous Tense

Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Perfect

Continuous Tense

PAST FUTURE

PAST FUTURE TENSEPast Future Tense used to explain an activity which would be done in the past and to make conditional sentence type 2 .

formulas and examples for the Past future Tense:Verbal Sentences+ S + WOULD/SHOULD + V1 + O

- S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + V1 + O

? WOULD/SHOULD + S + V1 + O?

+ She should visit your house because she miss you

- She should not visit your house because she not miss you.

? should she visit your house because she miss you?

Nominal Sentences

Time signal for the Past Future Tense: the next day before, the day before, the month before, and etc.

+ S + WOULD/SHOULD + BE + C

- S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + BE + C

? WOULD/SHOULD + S + BE + C

+ We would be diligent

- We would not be diligent

? Would we be diligent?

PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSEPast Future Continuous Tense used to explain an activity which would be being done in the past.

formulas and examples for the past future continuous tense:Verbal Sentences

+ S + WOULD/SHOULD + BE + VING + O

- S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + BE + VING + O

? WOULD/SHOULD + S + BE + VING + O

+ I should be beginning an examination at this time following day.

- I should not be beginning an examination at this time following day.

? Should I be beginning an examination at this time following day?

Time signal for the Past Continuous Tense: at this time the following day, at five yesterdai, and etc.

PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSEPast Future Perfect Tense used to explain an activity which would have been done in the past, and to make conditional sentence type 3 .

formulas and examples fot the past future perfect tense: Verbal Sentences+ S + WOULD/SHOULD + HAVE + V3 + O

- S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + HAVE + V3 + O

? WOULD/SHOULD + S + HAVE + V 3 + O?

+ He would have built the house by july last year

- He would not have built the house by july last year

? would he have built the house by july last year?

Nominal Sentences

Time Signal for the Past Future Perfect Tense:By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the end of this year, and etc

+ S + WOULD/SHOULD + HAVE + BEEN + C

- S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + C

? WOULD/SHOULD + S + HAVE + BEEN + C?+ I would have been an experiment next Monday

- I would not have been an experiment next Monday

? would i have been an experiment next Monday?

PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense used to explain an activity which would have been being done in the past.

Formulas and examples for the Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:Verbal Sentences+ S + WOULD/SHOULD + HAVE + BEEN + VING

+ O

- S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + VING + O

? WOULD/SHOULD + S + HAVE + BEEN + VING + O?

+ We should have been teaching English for 3 years by the end of last more.

- We should not have been teaching English for 3 years by the end of last more.

? Should we have been teaching English for 3 years by the end of last more?

Nominal Sentences

Time Signal For the Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: For, By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the end of this year, and etc

+ S + WOULD/SHOULD + HAVE + BEEN + BEING + C

- S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + BEING + C

? WOULD/SHOULD + S + HAVE + BEEN + BEING + C?+ Tomy would have been being teacher by the next year

- Tomy would not have been being teacher by the next year

? would Tomy have been being teacher by the next year?

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