BELARUS 3 2 2 4 2 2 6 2 2
Operating Manual
322-0000010 OM
Manual was compiled by the engineering group
of HSKB RUE «Minsk Tractor Works».
Executive Editor — Head of the Scientific and Technical Center
Сhief designer I. N. Uss
Preparation of the initial information and desktop publishing— А. V. Runov
Person responsible for the issue — Head of DB, Dr.Sc. А. I. Bobrovnik
Tractors BELARUS 322/422/622. Operating manual.
The Operating manual contains short description and technical
characteristics of tractors BELARUS 322/422/622 produced by Minsk Tractor Works. The main rules of tractors usage, tune-up and technical maintenance
The Operating manual is designed for tractor-drivers exploiting Belarus
tractors.
According to «MTW» («BELARUS») policy directed to the constant development of produced machinery, maintenance instructions and design of separate components may undergo some changes that are not reflected in present edition. Some technical data and Illustrations, presented in this book, may differ from the ones of your tractor. The detailed information may be provided to you by a ―BELARUS‖ trademark distributor.
© OJSC «Minsk Tractor Works», 2014
All rights reserved. None of the present book parts can be reproduced in any form
without written permission of OJSC «MTW»
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual Contents
CONTENTS
Section А. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... А1
ATTENTION OPERATOR……………………………………………………………….. А2
COMMON ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................... А3
INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLS................................................................................... А4
Section B. SAFETY REQUIRMENTS………….......................................................... B1
General instructions................................................................................................ B1
Safety measures to be taken when Operatingg tractor............................................. B1
Safety measures to be taken during technical maintenance.................................. B3
Safety requirements during the maintenance of technical equipment..................... B4
Hygiene requirements.............................................................................................. B4
Section C. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL DATA ............................. C1
General information about the tractor construction................................................ C1
Technical data........................................................................................................ C6
Numbers of tractor components............................................................................. C16
Section D. CONTROL ELEMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS......................................... D1
Section E. TRACTOR PREPARATION FOR OPERATION....................................... E1
General requirements............................................................................................. E1
Preparation to start and engine start...................................................................... E1
Tractor motion start and movement....................................................................... E2
Tractor stop............................................................................................................ E3
Tractor testing......................................................................................................... E3
Section F. TRACTOR MOUNTING ............................................................................. F1
Machine selection……............................................................................................ F1
Composition of the machine and tractor units........................................................ F4
Peculiarities of work .............................................................................................. F5
Work with PTO ...................................................................................................... F6
Transport works..................................................................................................... F6
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual Contents
Section G. TRACTOR TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE……………............................. G1
Types of tractor technical maintenance................................................................. G1
Technical maintenance of tractor preparation to work……..………..….……......... G1
Technical maintenance of tractor after 50-hours of running.................................. G2
Fuel and lubricant materials filled into the units of tractor....................................... G3
List of TM operations and frequency of their conducting ....................................... G8
Carrying out operations of technical maintenance................................................ G10
Technical maintenance of engine ........................................................................ G11
Technical maintenance of the chassis..................................................................... G21
Section H. CURRENT REPEARINGS........................................................................ H1
General information............................................................................................... H1
Safety precautions................................................................................................. H2
Section I. POSSIBLE FALURES AND GUIDELINES FOR TROUBLESHOOTING I1
Section J. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE ..................................................... I1
Tractor transportation and towing ….…..……………............................................ I1
Tractor storing....................................................................................................... J2
Section K. TRACTOR DISPOSAL............................................................................ K1
Section L. APPENDIX. ………….……….................................................................. L1
List of electrical equipment .................................................................................. L1
Wiring diagram ................................................................................................... L3
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section А. Introduction
А1
Section А. INTRODUCTION.
The present manual contains brief technical information and description of the
peculiarities of the constructions and recommendations on the operation and maintenance of
tractors:
Belarus-322 – drawbar class 0,6 with engine LDW 1603/С3 with the power of 26,5 kw
(36 h.p.);
Belarus-422 – drawbar class 0,6 with engine LDW 2204 with the power 36,6 kw (49 h.p.);
Belarus-622 – drawbar class 0,9 with engine LDW 2204Т turbocharged, and with
power of 46 kw (62 h.p.).
General-purpose compact wheeled tractors with the wheel formula 4X4 are intended
for performance of various general – purpose agricultural operations, from preseeding
treatment of soil for planting of crops to harvesting operations, they can be used in public
services ,forestry, construction, industry and transport works with mounted, semi-mounted
and trailed machines.
Long and reliable work of the tractor is ensured by proper operation and I timely
conduct of technical maintenance.
Attention! Before starting the operation of the tractor, study this manual and strictly follow its
recommendations in order to avoid injuries and accidents.
Note: Throughout this manual references "left" or "right" are taken from the point of view of
an observer located downstream of the tractor.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual Section А. Introduction
А2
ATTENTION OPPERATOR
1. Before starting the tractor operation carefully study the present operation manual and
strictly follow its requirements.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the manual, as well as with the safety
regulations during tractor operation may cause accidents and causalities.
2. It is mandatory to make the testing of the tractor according to this manual.
3. Keep the tractor clean, check the condition of its fastening parts, especially transmission,
chassis and mounted systems, steering, front drive axle (FDA) and the work of the
lighting and signaling devices.
4. Strictly follow the frequency of oil and lubrication changes, and the recommendations on
lubricants that are used according to the lubricant table of Section 2G "Maintenance of
the tractor."
5. Working without using power take-off shaft (PTO) control lever of PRS (pic.4.2 Section
«TM TRACTOR») and speed switching roller PRS (рic. 4.4 Section «TM T R A C T O R »)
fix in the position ―Neutral, (PRS turned off), fix the shank with the PTO protective
cover.
6. It is not allowed for an unauthorized person to be in the tractor’s cabin, as the tractor is
equipped with single seats.
7. The engine starting system is united with gear shifting lever. Engine start is possible only
when gear shifting lever is set and held in full left ―neutral position!
8. Start the engine start only from the operator’s work place, squeezing the clutch pedal,
place the shift ranges and gear in the position of "neutral" and holding the gear shifting
lever in the leftmost position.
9. Turning-on of the hydraulic system pump should be produced while cranking the engine
or at minimum engine speed.
10. The reducer and rangers should be turned on in a stopped tractor with a turned off gear. Gear, ranges and reducer turning on should be done smoothly with squeezed clutch.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section А. Introduction
А3
11. To prevent failure of the generator:
• it’s forbidden to turn on the switch "ground" while the engine is running;
• disconnect the wires of the charging circuit;
• lock in the case jack «+»;
• during electric welding in the tractor all the wires should be disconnected from the
generator.
COMMON ABBREVIATIONS
DL - differential lock; WLB - warning lamps box;
PFE - paper filtering element;
TDC - top dead center;
PRS - power receiving shaft;
PTO - power take-off shaft;
HHS - hydraulic hitch system;
HSC - hydrostatic steering control;
MTM - monthly technical maintenance;
STA - spare tools and accessories;
RA - rear axle;
RHS - rear hitch system;
DAFC - diesel air filter cleaner;
GB - gearbox;
MTU - machine-tractor unit;
CC - clutch coupling;
TM - technical maintenance;
TC - trailer coupling;
FA - front axle;
SAA - starting aid attachments
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section А. Introduction
А4
INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLS
The manufacturer uses the standard international symbols relating to the use of devices and control elements.
Below are given the symbols with their meanings.
- watch the instructions
- tampering
- brake
- fast
- hand brakes
- slow
- horn
- forward
- emergency lights
- reverse
- fuel
- accumulator charging
- coolant
- cab roof light
- heating plugs
- parking lights
- engine speed
- turn signal
- engine oil pressure
- distance lights
dim lights
-engine coolant temperature
- working lights
- switched off / stop
- differential lock
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section А. Introduction
А5
- switched on / start
- PTO switched ON
- steeples adjustment
- front driving axle drive
- revolute arm DOWN
- fan
- revolute arm UP
- windshield washer
- external cylinder: extending
- front screen wiper
- external cylinder: retraction
- rear screen washer
- external cylinder: travelling
- trailer turn signal
- level of brake fluid
- air filter clogging
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section B. Safety Requirements
B1
Section B. SAFETY REQUIRMENTS
Strict fulfillment of security requirements and safety measures ensures safe tractor operation.
General requirements
1. Attentively study the present 2. «Operation manual» and manual on the
maintenance of the engine before using the tractor.
3. Insufficient knowledge about the operation and exploitation of the tractor may cause accidents.
4. Only specially trained and qualified operators are allowed to drive the tractor.
5. If there is a seat belt, use it while working on tractor. If there is no one, connect the dealer.
6. Passenger staying in the cab is forbidden. There is no safe seat for a passenger in the cab!
7. Keep all the warning plates clean. In case of damage or loss, replace them by new ones.
8. Before starting the engine, examine the tractor, trailer, hitched equipment and coupling. Start work only after having made sure that they are fully operational. Trailing agricultural machines and transport trailers should have tough couplings, excluding their rocking and hitting the tractor during the transportation.
Safety measures while working on
tractor
Attention! Do not start the engine when staying outside the operator's seat. Starting the engine and manipulating the controls, always stay inside the cab in the operator's seat.
1. Before engine start parking brake should be enabled, rear PTO should be disabled, GB gear and range shifting levers should be in ―neutral‖ position.
2. Do not start the engine being out of the operator’s work place. While starting and operating the tractor always be on the operator’s seat in the cab
3. Before starting movement warn people around with a signal.
4. Don’t leave the moving tractor. 5. Before leaving the cab disable rear
PTO, stop the engine, enable parking brake and remove starter and devices switch key.
6. Do not operate the tractor in closed rooms without adequate ventilation. Exhaust fumes can cause death
7. If the engine or steering is malfunctioning, stop the tractor immediately. Remember that when engine is stopped, the steering requires much more effort. If the engine stops and in case of absence of pressure in the steering system control the emergency oil pressure lamp stars flashing.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section B. Safety Requirements
14. Do not get downhill with disabled engine. Move uphill or downhill at one gear For a safe work of the steering the oil pump must function properly.
15. Do not work under raised agricultural implements During the prolonged stops do not leave implements raised.
16. If the front side of the tractor lifts off the ground while mounting of heavy agricultural machinery to RHS, set up front weights.
17. Before raising or lowering of agricultural implements and while tractor turning, make sure that there is no chance to hurt anyone ore hook anything
18. During the transportation with mounted machines always use the hinge locking mechanism in the raised position.
19. The propeller shaft transmitting rotation from the tractor PTO to the working bodies of the unit must be protected.
20. Check that any additional equipment is designed to be mounted on YOUR tractor. Remember, that incorrect tractor usage may be dangerous for you and for others. Do not use the equipment not designed to be mounted on tractor.
21. To avoid tractor rollover you should be very careful while driving the tractor. Choose safe speed, according to the road conditions, especially when driving on rough terrain, ditches, slopes and sharp turns.
B2 22. For works on hills, use maximal wheel track. 23. Do not make abrupt turns at full load and high speed. 24. Performing transport works: • increase the wheel track to 1400 mm (1500 mm for Belarus-622); • pair the brake pedals, check and if
necessary adjust brakes synchronism; • check the parking brake; • check the pressure in the pneumatic
system and pneumatic trailer brake operation
• check the lighting and horn; • transport trailers should have tough hitch
and be joined with safety chain or rope; • never get downhill with disabled gear.
Move uphill or downhill at one gear; • it is forbidden to work with a trailer without
autonomous brakes if its weight exceeds the tractor’s half-weight;
• the faster you move and the more you tow, the greater the safety distance should be;
• do not use the rear axle DL at a speed more than 10 km/h and when turning;
Belarus-622/422.Operating manual . Section B. Safety Requirements
B3
• do not leave the tractor on hills. If necessary, block the tractor with parking brake and turn on the reducing gear.
25. When working with equipment powered by PTO, after stopping the engine before leaving the cab make sure the tractor has completely stopped.
26. Do not wear loose clothing when working with rear PTO or close to rotating machines.
27. When working with stationary PTO driven machines, always enable parking brake and block rear wheels in the front and in the back. Make sure that the machine is firmly blocked.
28. Use only synchronized PTO driving in low gear at speeds below 8 km/h. Otherwise, serious damage may occur in the power transmission of the tractor and equipment.
29. If the PTO is not in use, set the shift lever of an independent and synchronous drives on KP and PTO shaft speed selector on the rear axle to the middle (neutral) position and replace the cap liner.
30. Do not clean, adjust or service the equipment driven by the PTO with the engine running.
Safety measures to be taken during technical maintenance
31. Never fuel the tractor while engine is
working.
32. Do not smoke while fueling the tractor. 33. Do not fill the tractor up. Leave some
space for fuel expansion. 34. Never add gasoline or mixes to the
fuel. These combinations may be highly explosive.
35. Use summer and winter fuel properly. Fill up the fuel tank at the end of each day to reduce condensation at night.
36. All operations related to engine and tractor cleaning, it’s preparation for use, technical maintenance, etc. should be carried out with the engine stopped.
37. The engine cooling system works under the pressure, which is kept by the valve in expansion tank plug. Removal of the plug when engine is hot is dangerous. Let the engine cool down then put thick cloth on the plug and turn it slowly to lower the pressure before removal.
38. Be careful while draining or adding coolant or hot oils. Avoid contact with hot engine hydraulic system or transmission cases
39. Follow the safety precautions related to the maintenance of batteries, because electrolyte in case of a contact with the skin may cause burns
40. To avoid flaming or explosion do not use open fire close to fuel tank, engine fuel supply system or batteries.
41. To ensure your security and safety of people near you ought to keep a tractor and its equipment, especially brakes and steering, in working condition.
.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section B. Safety Requirements
B4
40. Do not make any changes to the tractor or its parts without manufacturer’s agreement.
41. In order to avoid spilling fuel when refueling a tractor mechanized remove the strainer from the fuel filler. The strainer is provided only for fueling the tractor manually in field.
42. Refuel the tractor only with the
recommended by the plant oils,
lubricants and coolants (See Section
«TRACTOR MAINTENANCE»). The
use of other lubricants is STRICTLY
FIRBIDDEN!
Safety requirements during the
maintenance of electrical equipment
43. To avoid damage of semiconductor
devices and resistors, follow the
precautions given below;
• do not disconnect electric wires when engine is working and electric switches are enabled;
• do not disconnect the battery when engine is working. It causes peak voltage in the charging circuit and leads to inevitable damage to the transistors and diodes;
• do not disconnect electric wires before the engine stops and all the all electrical switches are turned off.
Carefully observe the polarity of the wiring connections to the battery. Incorrect connection of wires leads to a short circuit and damage of electrical equipment.
• do not connect the battery to the electrical system until it is verified by the polarity and voltage terminals;.
• do not check the current presence by making sparks as it will cause immediate transistors breakdown.
Hygiene requirements
• Daily refill thermos with fresh clean drinking water.
• First-aid kit must be equipped with
bandages, tincture of iodine, ammonia.
• Depending on the operating conditions use natural ventilation of the cab, or its heating block and ventilation. Operation of tractor for over 2.5 hours requires usage of means of individual noise protection under GOST 12.4.051- 87 (earplugs, antiphons).
Section В. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual .
С1
Section С. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL DATA
Small wheeled tractors "Belarus-322" and "Belarus-422" of a drawbar category 0.6 with the power of 36 hp and 49.8 and "Belarus-622" of drawbar category 0.9 with the power of 62.5 hp are versatile agricultural tractors.
Tractors have a modern design, are made in a classical scheme with front drive axle, equipped with rear PTO, working in independent and synchronous modes, rear mounted system and pneumatic system for controlling the brakes of the trailer.
Tractors are equipped with modern sound and vibration proofing cab with a hard protective shell, providing safe and comfortable working conditions.
By request tractors can be additionally equipped with a front PTO, front linkage, front ballast weights and different types of towing devices.
Tractors are designed to perform a wide variety of agricultural operations with mounted, semi-mounted, trailed and stationary machines and implements.
They can be used to carry out tillage, crop of cereals and other crops, light soil plowing, harrowing, cultivation, row cultivation, mowing the grass, harvesting and o t h e r works, for the mechanization of work in gardens, on farms, in municipal and construction works in the assembly with bulldozers, excavators and other mounted and trailed equipment, and also to carry out transport works.
Tractors can be used in climate zones with moderate and tropical climates (types of climatic performance U1 and T1) in the range of ambient temperatures from -25 ° C to + 45 ° C.
General information about the tractor construction.
Tractors Belarus-322 and Belarus-422 (Pic. 3.1) and Belarus-622 (Pic. 3.2) are made
in 4x4 wheel scheme, with the front runners and drive wheels, rear-wheel drive and have semi-frame core design.
The frame consists of a tractor semi-frame 28 rigidly fixed to the gearbox housing 24 and the clutch housing 25, a transmission 24, the intermediate casing 23 and the rear axle housing 22
The engine 3 is rigidly fixed on the housing of the clutch 25 The transmission includes a single-disc friction clutch 25, transmission 24, an
intermediate body 23 with the mechanism of inclusion (PTO) drive shafts and intermediate PTO and the rear axle, the rear axle 22 PTO (PTO) 18 and the front axle (FDA) 29 is pivotally-mounted on semi-frame and may swing in the transverse plane around the longitudinal axis of the tractor at 8 ° in each direction. It drives the front axle from the secondary shaft of the gearbox 24 by means of the propeller shaft 26.
The cabin 11 is mounted on the frame of the tractor on rubber shock absorbers and equipped with heat-absorbing glass, a single operator's seat 12 regulated according to height and weight of the driver, a heating and ventilation system 10, rear-view mirrors 7, electric wipers of front and rear windows, headlight glass and the instrument panel 8.
Section В. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual .
С 2
Pic. 3.1 Tractors Belarus-322/422:
1 – Air filter. 2 –Cooling system radiator. 3-Engine. 4- Body outer panels. 5- Silencer. 6- Oil
tank. 7- Rear view mirrors. 8- Dashboard.9- Steering column. 10- Cab heating and ventilation block. 11- Cab roof.12- Operator’s seat.13- Fuel tank. 14- Hydraulic hoist. 15 –Crossbar with a fork. 16 –Rear hitch mechanism. 17 – Hydro cylinders of rear hitch. 18 – Rear PTO. 19 –
Drawbars. 20 –Rear wheel. 21 – Bellows. 22 – Rear Axle. 23 – Intermediate body. 24 –
Gearbox. 25 – Clutch coupling. 26 – Driveshaft of FDA drive. 27- Freewheel clutch of FDA drive. 28 – Semi-frame. 29 – Front driving axle (FDA). 30 – Front wheel. 31 – Front PTO. 32 – Front hitch.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section В. Technical data
В 3
Pic. 3.2 Tractor Belarus-622:
1 - 1 – Air filter. 2 –Cooling system radiator. 3-Engine. 4- Body outer panels. 5- Silencer. 6-
Oil tank. 7- Rear view mirrors. 8- Dashboard.9- Steering column. 10- Cab heating and
ventilation block. 11- Cab roof.12- Operator’s seat.13- Fuel tank. 14- Hydraulic hoist. 15 –
Crossbar with a fork. 16 –Rear hitch mechanism. 17 – Hydro cylinders of rear hitch. 18 –
Rear PTO. 19 – Drawbars. 20 –Rear wheel. 22 – Rear Axle. 23 – Intermediate body. 24 –
Gearbox. 25 – Clutch coupling. 26 – Driveshaft of FDA drive. 27- Freewheel clutch of FDA
drive. 28 – Semi - frame. 29 – Front driving axle (FDA). 30 – Front wheel. 31 – Front PTO.
32 – Front hitch.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual .
С4
Section В. Technical data.
Chassis of the tractors – front directive wheels 30 and rear driving wheels with pneumatic low-pressure tires 20.
Steering – hydrostatic with hydraulic booster on the basis of the metering pump and the oil gear pump mounted on the engine. Adjustable height and tilt steering column with 9 metering pump is installed on the cab 11.
Service brakes - disc, running in an oil bath, separate for the left and right rear wheels with mechanic treadle two pedals, are mounted on the side gears of the rear axle differential.
A spare autonomic manual transmission of main service brakes is provided as a parking brake.
Electric equipment on tractors of direct current with rated voltage of 12V and consists of energy sources, means of starting the engine, test equipment, lighting devices, light and sound alarms, switching equipment, accessories and sockets for external consumers.
Electrical devices are connected into a single circuit, the function of the second wire is
carried out by the metal parts of the tractor ("weight") which the negative electrical appliances
are connected to.
Accumulator storage battery in tractors Belarus-322 and 422 is mounted on the right rear wheel in the niche of the cab, and on Belarus-622 right under the cabin floor behind the footrest.
The AC generator with integrated rectifier and voltage regulator are installed on the engine.
Tractors are equipped with mounted hydraulic system that serves for connection and control of mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines and implements.
Hydraulic system of hitching on tractors Belarus-322 and Belarus-422 is combined
with the hydraulic steering system and consists of an oil pump mounted on the engine, oil
tank 6 with a filter for cleaning oil installed on the housing of the clutch coupling 25 under the
engine bonnet, of a 3-section hydraulic control valve, 2 power cylinders of a rear hitch 17, 2
front and 2 pairs of rear additional outputs for connecting hydraulic machinery mounted to a
tractor.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual . Section B Technical data
С5
The hydraulic system of the tractor Belarus-622 differs from the one of Belarus- 322/422 by the presence of a separate oil pump mounted on the gearbox, the hydraulic ram 14 that provides automatic positional, power and mixed regulation of the position of the implements relative to the ground and 2 plunger hydraulic cylinders 17 that provide increased carrying capacity of the hitched system.
Linkage mechanism 16 is a hinge of 4 links with adjustable length braces and is used
to connect to a tractor mounted and semi-mounted machinery and adjust their working
position. Mounted machines are attached to it in three places: in lower-link ends and
adjustable along the length upper (central) draft.
To connect trailers the hitch is equipped with a crossbar trailer plug 15 that is installed in the joints at the ends of the lower links.
Power take off shaft (PTO) 18 is located on the housing cover of the rear axle and provides 2-speed drive with the tractor in an independent and synchronous mode.
Pneumatic system - single-wired, that provides control over trailer brake and agricultural machinery, equipped with a pneumatic drive and tire inflation. Single cylinder pneumatic compressor is mounted on the engine.
By request tractors can be equipped with: - Front ballast weights; - Front PTO; - Front mounted hydraulic system; - Rod pendulum installed on the body and the cover of the rear axle; - Hydro hook (only for Belarus-622).
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С6
Technical data
Sizes and weight
D F E
А B
Name of parameter Belarus 322 Belarus 422 Belarus 622
А Length, mm 3115 3115 3450 B Width, mm 1570 1570 1700
С Height, mm 2245 2245 2310
D Base, mm 1840 1840 2015
E Front track, mm 1280 I 1408 1280 I 1408 1388 I 1532
F Rear track, mm 1250 I 1400 1250 I 1400 1410 I 1510
G Ground clearance under rear axle, mm
330
330
360
Weight, kg:
- structural 1850 2000 2200
- Operational (without additional ballast)
2050
2205
2410
- The maximum operating 4000 3000 3000
- In a state of shipment from the factory
1930
2090
2300
С
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С7
Technical characteristics
Parameter name
(characteristic)
Model numeric value Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
General data
Tractor brand
Model
«Belarus»
322 422 622 Tractor type Wheeled, agricultural,
versatile
Drawbar category 0,6 0,9
Rated drawbar -
Amplification kN (kg) 0,65(650) 0,71(710) 0,82(820)
Operating power-
Kw (h.p.)
24,2(33)
32,25(43,86)
40,75(55,42)
number of gears:
front
travel
Rear travel
16
8
Speed of movement
with tires of the basic
equipment-
km/h (m/c):
front
travel:
The lowest 1,2(0,33) 1,0(0,28) 1,1(0,3)
the highest 27,8(7,7) 25,1(6,97) 29(8,05)
rear travel:
The lowest 2,0(0,55) 1,8(0,5) 2,1(0,58)
The highest 14,8(4,1) 13,3(3,7) 15,4(4,3)
The duration of-
continuous work
without refueling -
with 80 % of-
engine load h,
not less
6,2
4,5
6,5
Minimal turning
radius, m 3,8 3,8 3,9
Maximum weight
of the towed trailer-
with a load,
equipped with brakes,-
kg
5000
5000
6000
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С8
Parameter name
Model numeric value Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
The tractor ascent (descent) angle on a dry(sod) soil, not more than:
with a trailer
without a trailer
12
20 The maximal fording depth, m
0,45
0,45
0,6
Engine
Engine type Diesel, 4 -stroke Diesel, 4-stroke
turbo charging
Brand LDW1603/B3 LDW2204 LDW2204T Power, kw (l.s.): rated,
operational
26,5 (36)
24,2 (32,9)
36,6 (49,7)
32,25 (86)
46,0 (62,5)
40,75 (55,42) Rated crankshaft- speed, rpm
3000
Specific fuel consumption g/(kWt·h)
280(206)
290 (213)
290 (213)
Torque in a rated power-
mode, N·m
(kg·m)
84(8,6)
116,5 (11,9)
146,5 (14,9)
Cylinders number 3 4 4
Cylinders
arrangement
Vertical, in a row
Diameter cylinders,
mm 88 88 88
Piston travel, mm 90,4 90,4 90,4
Working volume, cm³ 1649 2199 2199
compression degree 22:1 22,5:1 22,5:1
Minimum
crankshaft speed,
rpm
900
Maximum torque N·m
(kg·m)
92,3-97 (9,4-9,9)
(at 1650 rpm)
125-135 (12,7-13,8)
(at 2100 rpm)
174-182 (17,7-18,6)
(at 2000 rpm)
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С9
Parameter name
(characteristics)
Model numeric value Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
Oil consumption,
g/kWt h (g/l.s·h) 0,7(0,5) 0,7(0,5) 0,7/(0,5)
Turbocharger
Centripetal radial
turbine
Cooling system- Liquid, closed type
The maximum
coolant
temperature,
deg·С
110
Cooling system
capacity, l 9,5 11,0 11,0
Lubrication system Combined
Oil volume, filled
into the crankcase, l 3,8 6,4 6,4
Minimum oil pressure MPa
(kg/cm2
)
0,2(2,0)
0,2(2,0)
0,2(2,0)
Oil cleaning Full flow filter with paper filter element
15 mkm.
Fuel system With indirect swirl chamber injection
Fuel priming
pump Productivity 64 K/ч
Fuel pump Plunger pump QLC 6590.376 Plunger pump
QLC 6590.319
Nozzle Stanadyne, Bosch
Regulator The centrifugal variable speed regulator
Fuel filter Coarse filter with water clarifier and fine cleaning filter with paper- filter element 7 mkm.
Fuel tank
capacity, 32 32 61
System of engine-
start Electro start, 12V
Coupling clutch (МС)
Type Friction, dry, single disc of permanently -closed type with
mechanically operated
Diameter of a drive
plate mm
200
240
240
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С10
Parameter
name
(characteristics)
Model numeric value
Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
Gearbox
Type Mechanical, step-by-step, with constant-mesh gears gear and range change gear couplings
Number of drives 4
The range number:
- forward 2
- back 1
Gear stage number
2
Rear axle
The main gear A pair of tapered gears with circular tooth
Differential Gear type, tapered of a closed type
The differential lock
Mechanical
Final drives single-stage helical reducers
2-stage planetary helical reducer
Front axle
Type With cylindrical final drive automatically activated.
With cylindrical final drives- with automatically
forced turning on
The main gear A pair of tapered gears with circular tooth
Differential Self-locking, ratchet freewheel Gear type, self-locking- increased friction
FDA Drive
From the secondary gearbox shaft From overrunning clutch
Control Auto switch when rear wheel slippage Freewheel automatic switch with an overrun clutch and forced- switch with tooth coupling
Brakes
Working Disk-type, oil, sectioned into left and right, rear wheels mechanically driven, by two pedals
Parking Autonomic mechanic brake drive
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С11
Parameter
name
(characteristics)
Model numeric value
Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
Steering (HSU)
Type Hydro volume with hydraulic booster on the basis of pump-dosing
of hydro cylinder in the steering cylinder
Hydro system Combined with GNS Autonomous
Power pump productivity, l/min
27
Dosing pump: Gerotor type
Constant
volume cm3/v
50
100
Operating
pressure, kg/cm2
140
Pressure of the shockproof valves
setting, kg/cm3
200
Hydro cylinder:
Piston diameter, mm
40
50
Stem travel,mm 160 200
Steering wheel:
Limits of angle adjustment, degrees
From 25 to 40
Height adjustment, mm
80
Steering wheel free wheeling
degrees, no more than
25
Electric equipment
Current and voltage
type of a board
network
Permanent, 12 V
Power system
Generator Of alternating current with built-in rectifier and regulator
of 14V rectified voltage, maximum current 65А
storage battery
number, pcs
capacity, А ч
1
88
1
120
System of lightning
light and sound:
alarms:
- 2-d front road distant lights;
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С12
Parameter name
(characteristics)
Model numeric value Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
- 2-d low distant front road lights; - 2-d front and 2nd rear working lights - two front lights (turn indicators and parking lights); - Two rear lights (turn indicators, lights and brake lights);
- license plate light; - cabin lightning ceiling lamp;
- sound signal
Test and measurement devices
A combination of devices, the electronic tacho-speedometer and indicator lights block (on the dashboard)
Connection of external power consumers
Multicontact combinated socket
Rear PTO shaft
Drive Independent two-speed and synchronous two-speed Transmit power Full engine power
PTO rotation speed
(estimated), rpm:
independent drive and
engine crankshaft
speed of 2800 rpm
540 I 1000
with- synchronous drive
rev/ m·of the way
3,4 I 6,3
PTO shank Of a quickly removable type with 6 or 8 straight-sided and 21 involute splines
rotation direction Clockwise
Hydraulic hitch system (HHS)
Type Sectional-aggregate, united with
HSC
Sectional-
aggregate
Number of pairs of independent outputs
2
Methods of agricultural equipment regulation
High-rise
High-rise, power,
positional,
combined
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С13
Parameter name
(characteristics)
Model numeric value
Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
Pump
productivity, K/мIн 27 40
safety valve relieve pressure
J/cm2
200-20
Spreader 3-sectioned, Р16 3- sectioned РП-
70 Power hydro cylinders 2 pcs., Ø50 mm, travel 2 pcs., Ø63 mm, travel Plunger, 2pcs.,
oil tank volume, K
Rear hitch device
Three-point hinged category 1 to ISO 730/1, with mechanical fixation in transport position
Three-point hinged НУ-2 under GOST 10677 or - category 2 under ISO standards 730/1
Rear hitch device carrying capacity at a distance of- 610 mm from the suspension axle, kN (kg)
7,5(750)
11,0(1100)
18,0(1800)
Pneumоsystem
Compressor Single –cylinder with air cooling
Trailer brake control drive
Pneumatic, single-wire interlocked with working tractor brakes
Chassis system
Type Wheeled, wheel with pneumatic tires of low pressure,
4х4 wheel formula, driven and leading front-wheels -
rear - leading
Tire types and sizes
- front wheels: 210/80R16 12,4L16
- rear wheels: 11,2-20 360/70R24
Equipment for tractor equipment on request
Front
cargo ballast
- quantity, pcs 8
- weight, kg 175
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С14
Parameter name
(characteristics)
Model numeric value Belarus-322 Belarus-422 Belarus-622
Front PTO
- transmit
power, kw/l.s. 20 (27)
- Drive independent 2-speed and synchronous 2-speed - Shank rotation speed at crankshaft rotation speed 2750 rpm
540 I 1000
- with synchronous
drive,·rev/ m of travel 3,4 I 6,3
Front hitch
device Hinged of three-point category I under ISO 730/1
Carrying capacity at radius of 610 mm,
kN (kg)
3,5 (350)
Towing device
TAS-1M (pendulum type device) category 2 under ISO 6489 for mounting with semi-trailers and trailed machines-
Hydro hook
-
-
ТСУ-2 for mounting
with semi-trailers and
trailed machines
Estimated speed diagram for tractor Belarus-322 km/h
at an engine speed 1300…3000 rpm (on tires11,2-20)
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С15
Estimated speed diagram for tractor Belarus-422 km/h
at an engine speed 1350…3000 rpm (on tires 11,2-20)
Estimated speed diagram for tractor Belarus-622 km/h
at an engine speed 1350…3000 rpm (on tires 360/70R24)
Section C. Technical data. Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual.
С16
Numbers of tractor components
Tractor nameplate with
tractor serial numbers and diesel engine Shifting lever number
Rear axle number is located on the rear
axle housing to the right of the tractor
direction of movement (for tractor
Belarus-322/422)
Tractor number (from the right side of the
semi-frame)
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section C. Tractor components control
C17
Rear axle number is located on the rear axle
housing to the left of the tractor direction of
movement (for tractor Belarus-622)
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D1
Section D. CONTROL ELEMENTS
Control elements and instruments
Pic. 4.1
1. Coupling clutch control pedal; 2. Gearbox reducer control lever; 3. Steering column tilt control brace; 4. Starter switch, engine and instruments stop; 5. Switch of direction indicators, dim and distant lights, sound direction indicators; 6. The instrument cluster; 7. Indicator lights block; 8. Tacho-speedometer; 9. Steering wheel; 10. Tacho-speedometer remote control; 11. Windscreen washer switch; 12. emergency lights switch; 13. car door handle lock; 14. Gearbox shifting lever; 15. Central light switch; 16. Gear ranges and rear travel shifting lever ; 17. Brake pedal stop catch; 18. Left brake pedal; 19. Right brake pedal; 20. Accelerator pedal; 20а. FDA control handle (only for Belarus-622);
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D2
Pic.4.2.
21. Control lever of parking brake;
22. Control lever of fuel supply; 23. Control lever of rear hydro systems outlets; 24. Control lever of rear hydro systems outlets; 25. Control lever of rear linkage (for Belarus-622 control lever of front hydro
systems outlets); 26. Handle of the power regulation (only for Belarus-622); 27. Handle position control (only for Belarus-622); 28. Switch «weight»; 29. Rear PTO switching lever; 30. Rear axle differential lock control handle.
Clutch pedal (1)
When pedal is pressed clutch turns on.
Gearbox reducer control lever (2)
Pulling the handle forward provides the turn on of the low gears (L), back –
higher gear (Н), middle position - disable front and rear axles. Gear shift
scheme is displayed on pic. 4.3
Pic. 4.3
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D3
Rear PTO switch lever (29)
PTO turns on when pulling lever forward and down facing tractors travel direction. PTO turns off when pulling lever back and up facing tractors travel direction.
Mode switching shaft (independent/synchronous) of rear
PTO Is located on the gearbox to the left facing tractors travel direction
(1 on pic. 4.4) independent PTO mode is turned on clockwise , counterclockwise –synchronous PTO mode is turned on. In the middle position - PTO is off.
Pic. 4.4
Rear PTO speed mode switching shaft
Shaft fully pushed into the housing (1 on pic 4.5) provides the switch of 1000 rpm (6,5 rev/ m of travel), with shaft fully pulled out 1 – 540 rpm (3,5 rev/ m of travel). Each position of the shaft 1 is fixed with a stop catch 2. In the middle position - PTO is off.
Steering wheel (9) When rotating clockwise the front wheels turn to the right. When rotating counterclockwise front wheels turn to the left.
Control lever of fuel supply (22)
Pic. 4.5.
Pulling forward the lever facing tractor direction increases the fuel supply, back - decreases.
Left brake pedal (18) Pressing the pedal leads to the brake of the left wheel.
Brake pedal stop catch (17)
With the help of this stop catch the brake pedals are blocked.
Right brake pedal (19)
Pressing the pedal leads to the brake of the right wheel
Gear ranges and rear travel shifting lever (16)
Lever turns on the needed range I or II, or the rear travel in accordance with the switching circuit displayed on Pic.4.6
Gear shifting lever (14)
Lever turns on the needed gear in accordance with the switching circuit.
The switching circuit is displayed on pic. 4.7.
Pic.4.7
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D4
Accelerator pedal (20)
Pressing the pedal increases the engine speed.
FDA control handle (20а). Only for Belarus-622.
It has two positions for the following modes of operation. Move the handle backwards and turn it counter clockwise – FDA forced enabled. Turn the handle clockwise and move it forward – FDA automatically enabled.
For Belarus-322/422 with distributer Р16.333. Control lever of rear hydro systems
outlets (23), (24).
Levers have 4 positions (from top to bottom): «Raising», «Neutral», «Floating», «Lowering». Positions «Neutral», «Floating» - fixed. For Belarus-322/422 with distributer Р16.333. Control lever of rear linkage (25).
Have 4 positions (from top to bottom): «Raising», «Neutral», «Floating», «Lowering»,.
Positions «Neutral» and «Floating» - fixed.
For Belarus-622 with distributer РП-70. Control lever of rear hydro systems outlets
(23), (24)) I hydraulic front terminals (25). Levers have 4 positions (from top to bottom): «Raising», «Neutral», «Lowering», «Floating». Positions «Neutral», «Floating» - fixed. Section HHS and RHS control look at p. D15, D16
Rear axle differential lock control hand (30).
With the upper position of the handle the lock is turned on, the lower - off.
Control lever of parking brake (21)
Pulling lever up leads to tractor stop
Steering column tilt control brace.
Is intended to change the tilt of the steering column in the range from 25 ° to 40 °. Steering column look. at p.D18
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D5
Devices and Switches
The starter and instruments switch
There are 4 positions (pic.4.8): 0 –
«Turned off»;
I – «The devices, warning lights block and
engine heating plugs and the solenoid
valve of the fuel system are turned on. At
the same time in the warning lights block
(cm p.D9) diesel oil emergency pressure
control lamp lights and the heating plugs
indicator is enabled;
II – «Starter enabled» (non-fixed
position), after the engine start the
control lamp and sound alarm turn off;
III – radio power supply
(counter-clockwise key turn).
«Weight» switch
Tractors are equipped with « weight»
switch of «COBO» company. Turning off
the "weight" (minus chain), is carried out by
turning the key (pic.4.9.1, 4.9.2). The
design of the switch allows you to remove
the key.
Central light switch
(pos. 1 pic.4.11)
Has 3 positions: I –
«Turned off»;
II – «front and rear parking lights are on,
license plate and gauges on the
dashboard are illuminated;
III- front, rear parking and main lights are on, license plate and gauges on the dashboard are illuminated;
II I 0 III
Pic.4.8
«Weight» is ON
Pic.4.9.1
«Weight» is OFF
Pic.4.9.2
Attention! It is forbidden to turn off the
"weight" in running diesel
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D6
Under steering switch Provides direction indicators switch,
dim/distant lights switch, distant light
alarming, sound alarm turning on.
Pic.4.10 The turn signals are turned on by pulling
lever from the middle position forwards or
backwards (pic.4.10)
The sound signal is turned on by pressing
the lever in the axial direction. Is turned on
in any position of the switch lever
(pic.4.10).
«Distant»/ «Dim» front lights
For dim lights enabling set the central light switch (1) in position III (see pic.4.11), and under steering switch lever into the middle position – «dim light». «Distant light» is enabled by pushing the switch lever to the end. Lever position «dim»/ «distant»
light is fixed.
Pulling lever to the end from the «dim»
light position produces the non-fixed
enabling of distant lights, «distant light
flickering», irrespective of the central light
switch position.
Pic.4.11
Front window washer switch (pos. (11)
on pic. 4.1).Pressing the button (fixed
position) turns on the washer.
Alarm system switch (pos. 12 on pic. 4.1).
By pressing button the alarm turns on.
There is a control lamp inside the button
that flashes simultaneously with a flicking
light alarm.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D7
The instrument cluster Coolant temperature of the diesel engine indicator (1) with a warning light of emergency
engine coolant temperature (1а). The indicator scale has three zones.
- Operating – 80…100°С; - non-operating (two) – 40…80° I 100…120°С. A
warning light of emergency engine coolant
temperature lights at a coolant temperature of
105 °С.
Fuel gauge (2) with control light of level backup (2а). The device has a division: 0 - 1/2 - 1.
Do not spend fuel to «dry tank» state. Pointer of air pressure in the pneumatic system (3) with warning light of emergency engine oil
pressure (3а).
The indicator scale has three zones: 2
- Operating – from 500 to 800 kPa (5…8 kgс/cm ); - non-operating (two) from 0 to 500 kPa (0…5
2 kgс/cm
kgс/cm
) and from 800 to 1000 kPa (8…10 2 ).
Pic.4.12
Warning light of emergency air pressure in the pneumatic system, lights up when the
pressure in pneumatic system is below the permitted
Tacho-speedometer
When installing the tacho-speedometer АР70.3813 (pic.4.13, 4.14).
1. Scale of diesel crankshaft rotation speed, rpm;
2. Speed scale of PTO II 1000 rpm;
3. Speed scale of PTO I 500 rpm;
4. Display-speed indicator of PTO;
5. Indication of diesel usage, h;
6. Display of tractor speed, km/h;
7. Display of diesel usage indication and tractor speed;
8. Diesel crankshaft speed pointer
Pic. 4.13
Electric tacho-speedometer mounted in dashboard, operates the following way:
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D8
- In a stop tractor mode after setting the switch of a starter and devices in position «I» on the
display (7) will appear (5) diesel engine operating time in hours;
- when driving the tractor on the display (7) appears the indication (6) of tractor driving speed
(km / h), while display (5) disappears. Electric speed signal is received from the speed
sensors mounted on the final drive sleeve;
- after starting the diesel engine the pointer. (8) Moves on a circular scale (1) to indicate the
speed of a diesel engine crankshaft. At the same time on the display (4) appears indication of
the PTO speed (rpm). Scale (3) for PTO I and scale (2) – for PTO II. The electrical signal of
the rotational speed is transmitted from generator phase winding.
Tacho-speedometer remote control
The control panel is mounted on dashboard and is used for tacho-speedometer programming
on models of tractors "Belarus" of various
series, swing radius of the rear wheels and
diesel models.
Pic. 4.14
(1) - Button to display tacho-speedometer and parametric code;
(2) - Button to display tacho-speedometer values of encoded numbers when programming
by tractor model, rolling radius of the r e a r w h e e l s a n d diesel models.
Tacho-speedometer
When installing the tacho-speedometer JE8100/JE8100-2 (pic.4.15).
5
4
3
2
1
Pic. 4.15
1. Scale indicating total engine working time.
2. Scale indicating transport speed,
0-30 km/h;
3. Scale of engine speed, 0 – 3500 rpm;
4. Rear PTO speed scale, at mode 0 - 1000 rpm; 5. Rear PTO speed scale, at mode 0 - 540 rpm;
speedometer is programmed for the model of Your tractor. Reprogramming is required only when changing the tires type. Do not carry out tacho-speedometer reprogramming without the need to.
tacho- plant the At ATTENTION!
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D9
Warning lamps boxes
Warning lamp of maximum air filter clogging: lights up when maximal level of air filter clogging is exceeded and cleaning is demanded Warning lamp of distant lights: is light up when distant lights are enabled; Warning lamp of feedback potentiometer: Lights up on a cold engine when a starter
key switch is in the position. Turns off when the heating plugs are ready to start the engine. (when the key position I) the indicator doesn’t light up start of the engine is possible without using the heating plugs.
Battery charge indicator warning lamp: Lights up when the battery is low, when charging is off.
Warning lamp of emergency engine oil pressure. Lights up when oil pressure is lower than acceptable level as well as when engine is stopped and ignition key is in «I» position
Lock of the cab door
The handle (1) is used to open the cab door from the inside: pulling the handle on the door makes the lock open. The handle (2) blocks the opening of the door lock from the outside of the cabin (by pulling).
Pic. 4.16
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
The switch panel and ceiling lamp
D10
Pic.4.17.1
The panel (2) with the button enabling
ventilation and heating systems, front and
rear working lights, front and rear wipers
and cab ceiling lamp (1) are located on the
right side of the front rack of the cabin.
See pic.4.17.1, 4.17.2.
Pic.4.17.2
Rear lights switch (3)
Pressing the button enables rear lights
simultaneously with lightning of the built in
button lamp.
Front lights switch (4)
Pressing the button enables front lights
simultaneously with lightning of the built in
button lamp.
Windscreen wiper switch (5) Pressing the button turns on the windscreen wiper. The switch has three fixed positions: • OFF; • Low speed in ON; • High speed is ON.
Rear screen wiper switch (6) The switch has 2 fixed positions:
• «OFF»
• «The screen wiper is ON» (fixed
position)
The switch of cab heating and
ventilation (3).
It turns on fan, ventilation and heating.
systems The switch has three fixed
positions:
• «OFF»
• «Low speed in ON » (low air supply)
• «High speed is ON » (large air supply)
Section Сab heater control see on p. D13
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D1 1
Fuses
There are 2 blocks of fuses of electrical circuits BP-1-01 I BP-2-01under the dashboard (pic.4.18). To access the fuses unscrew the bolt located under steering column and remove a casing.
Twelve fuses protect from overloads and short circuits the following electrical tractor
purposes:
Pic.4.18
BP-2-01 BP-1-01
1
- distant lights (25А);
1
- power supply of devices and
handbrake warning lamp circuit breaker
(15А);
2 - horn (15А); 2 - Interrupter of direction indicators (7,5А);
3
- portable lamp (25А);
3
- right dim light
(7,5А);
4 - emergency lights
(15А);
4 - left dim light
(7,5А);
5
- windscreen wiper
(15А);
5
- right parking lights, devices
backlight (15А);
6 - stop-signals (15А); 6 - left parking lights (7,5А).
To protect electrical circuits from overloads and short circuits of electric equipment the roof of the tractor’s cab has fuse box BP-4 (pic. 4.19). Five fuses protect against overloads the following circuits:
Pic. 4.19
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
1. Windscreen wipers (15А);
2. Cab ceiling lamp (7,5А);
3. Rear wiper (7,5);
4. Front working lights (15А);
5. Rear working lights (25А);
6. Ventilation and heating systems (25А);
D12
Cab heater control
To turn on the cab heating:
• Open the tap (1) connected to the block
of cylinders (pic. 4.20.1)
• After opening the tap (1) turn on the
heater fan using the switch (pos.3, see
pic. 4.17.2 on p. D10) and direct the air
flow in the desired direction using the
adjustable channels. By opening or
closing the recirculation flap (2) one can
control the amount of fresh air entering
the cabin (pic. 4.20.2).
NOTE: To quickly warm the air in the cab,
completely open the recirculation flap
and turn on the high speed of heater fan switch (pos.3, see .pic.4.17.2 on p.D10).
ATTENTION! To drain the fluid from the heating system during the cold season the drain cock (4) on the left and right sides are provided (see pic.4.20.1). In this case, after draining and to avoid ice jams, blow compressed air into the systems preliminarily closing valve (1) on the cylinder block and opening the plug (5) cranes (4). For system working in ventilation mode during the warm season, the crane (1) must be closed.
Pic. 4.20.1
Pic. 4.20.2
Warning! To avoid wiring burning, never use fuses of higher current intensity than. those specified in the present section. If the fuse often burns, detect the cause and eliminate the malfunction
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D1 3
Connecting elements of electric equipment
Standard multifunctional socket is used for
connecting of power using trailer or towed
agricultural implement (pic. 4.21). Socket is set
up on rear panel and is plugged with trailer or other
agricultural equipment wiring:
Labeling of socket terminals:
1. left turn light;
2. horn;
3. «ground»;
4. right turn light;
5. right parking light;
6. brakelight;
8. for connecting of portable lamps
Pic. 4.21
HHS and RHS controls
Hydro system distributer control (Belarus-322/422).
The tractor is equipped with three-
section distributer Р16.333, which
controls the outer cylinder. Valve spool
control of the distributer is carried out by
three levers (pic. 4.22), which are
installed on the right side of the
operator’s seat. Two levers control
hydraulic system rear output, the third
lever - rear attachments. All three levers
have four positions.
• «Neutral» I «Floating» - fixed;
• «Lowering» I «Raising» - not fixed.
- (1) - valve spool lever control for rear hydro systems outlets; Pic. 4.22
- (2) - valve spool lever control for rear hydro systems outlets;
- (3) - valve spool lever control for cylinders rear hitch device.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
Hydro system distributer and hydraulic RHS hoist control (Belarus- 622).
Hydro system distributer
control (Belarus-622).
The tractor is equipped with three-section
distributer РП70, which controls the external
cylinders. Valve spool distributer control s
carried out by three levers (pic.4.23), which
are installed on the right side of the
operator’s seat. Each of the three levers
controls hydro system outlets and has four
positions;
• «Neutral» I «Floating» - fixed
• «Lowering» I «Raising» - not fixed. Pic. 4.23
- (1) - valve spool lever control for rear hydro system outlets;
- (2) - valve spool lever control for rear hydro system outlets; - (3) - valve spool lever control for front hydro system outlets.
D14
Hydraulic RHS hoist control
Hydraulic hoist control is carried out by 2 levers, which are installed in the remote
control on the right side of operator’s seat (pic.4.23).
In the position control mode the hydraulic hoist control is carried out by positional
lever (6): back – the hitch is down, forward – the hitch is up; while power level (5) must be
located in the rear position.
In the force regulation mode power lever (5) set the desired depth of tillage: back-
deeper, forward – shallower, and positional lever (6) produces hitch raising and lowering.
Mixed regulation is produced by the displacement of positional lever (5) back, without bringing it to the extreme positions, thereby limiting the depth of tillage given
by the power lever (5).
- (4) – The hitch travel limit on «Raising». It is located in the groove panel, where position
control handle is located (6).
ATTENTION! If any of the handle (1), (2), (3) distributers is set to «Raising» or «lowering»,
hydraulic hoist handle operating (5), (6) stops.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D1 5
Operator’s seat
The seat has mechanical suspension with
total seat travel 90 mm hydraulic shock
absorber. Suspension is protected by a
rubber cover.
Seat adjustments:
1. Moves forward / backward - within 150
mm.
2. Weight adjustment— from 50 to 130 kg
steeplessly.
3. Height adjustment — within ± 35 mm.
4. The backrest adjustment — from 0° to
16°.
Lengthwise adjustment is done with
handle (1). Turn the handle (1)
counterclockwise the arrow to the end,
move the seat and release the handle.
Weight adjustment is done by rotation of
the hand wheel (2). The handle has 2
positions: «+»
— heavier weight adjustment «-»
— lighter weight adjustment. To change
the direction of the handle, move the lever
(2) up to the stop and turn to 180 °
Seat height adjustment is carried out by
the handle (3). When moving the h a n d l e
to the right the seat is regulated at a lower
height, and vice versa.
The backrest tilt is carried out by raising
lever (4) until it stops, adjustment of the
backrest and then lowering and fixation of
the back in the necessary direction..
Pic.4.24
Important! Before starting works on tractor, adjust the seat most comfortably. Do all adjustments being on the seat.
NOTE: do not clean the seat upholstery with solvents. Use only warm water with small amount of washing agent.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section D. Control elements and instruments
D16
Steering column
The angle of the steering column is adjustable from 25 ° to 40 ° with fixation from each
5° in four positions. To change the inclination of the steering column, pull the lever (pos.3,
see рIс .4.1 on. D1), tilt column with the steering wheel to the desired position, release the
handle and slightly turn the column into a fixed position.
Pic. 4.25.
To change the position of the height of the of the steering wheel remove the cap
(2) (pic. 4.25), unscrew 3 ... 5 turns the screw (1) and moving the steering wheel along the axis of the steering column, set it to the desired position, then tighten the screw (1) and reinstall the cap (2) In order to prevent vibration of the steering wheel, tighten the nut (3) (pic.4.25) until it has contact with until it contacts the bushing (5) at selected clearances in the joints, unscrew the nut (3) -1 1/2 turn and lock the lock nut 4.
ATTENTION! Do not operate the tractor with the violation of the specified regulations, as
this may result in the loss of tractor control.
ATTENTION! Before starting usage of a
new tractor make sure you have protective
shields (barrier liner rear PTO and so on.).
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section E. Tractor preparation for operation.
E1
Section E. TRACTOR PREPARATION FOR OPERATION
General Requirements
Before starting usage of a new tractor, do
the following:
• wash the tractor;
• examine the tractor attentively; check its
completeness;
• unmount the battery, bring it to working
state (see Section «Tractor technical
maintenance») set it back;
• check oil level in engine oil sump,
transmission, RA case, HHS and HSC oil
tank and add some if necessary;
• empty the fuel tank and fill it with fresh
winter or summer fuel;
fill the cooling system with coolant
through the stopper of a broad tank to
the required level;
• lubricate the mechanisms and
components of a tractor in accordance
with the lubrication table (see table 2G
Section «Tractor technical
maintenance»);
• check and optimize tire pressure if
necessary
Preparation to start and engine
start:
• turn on the fuel tank tap;
• pump up the fuel with a booster pump
lever;
• set the control lever to the maximum fuel
supply position;
• Set the gearbox and ranges control
levers into the Neutral position;
• Switch on the «ground».
• turn off the clutch coupling, turn the urn
off the clutch coupling, turn the switch
starter key in position I (pic.4.7 Section
« Controls and instruments »). At the
same time with a cold engine the heating
plugs enabling indicator turns on
and after it is OFF (which indicates the
readiness of the engine to start) turn on
the starter by turning the key in the
position I; The indicator doesn’t light with
a warm engine and the engine start
should be carried out without the aid of
heating plugs (set the key starter in
position II without a delay in position I).
Continuous operation of a starter should
not exceed 10 seconds, and at occurrence
of separate outbreaks in cylinder - 20.
If the engine does not start working, try to
run it a second time. Restarting should
take 1-1.5 min.
ATTENTION! Start the engine only from
the operator's position.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section Д. Tractor preparation for operation.
ATTENTION! gear, range and reducer shifting is carried out only when the clutch is off, avoiding "cod" when shifting gears and ranges. Gear shifting is carried out while the tractor is moving, without waiting for its stop.. Switch the reducer when the tractor is stopped. Rear travel range switching can be carried out without switching the gear to a Neutral position
ATTENTION! The engine starting system
is interlocked with gear shifting lever.
Starting the engine is possible only when
the shift lever is in the Neutral position.
Perform engine start only from the driver's
seat
E2
If after several attempts the engine does not start, you must remove the cause of the bad start. One possible reason for poor starting is the
presence of air in the fuel system.
To remove the air (pic.5.1):
• turn on the fuel tank tap;
• unscrew the plug with 2-3 turns on the
thin clearing of fuel filter case;
• bleed the system with the pump 1 of
manual pumping fuel until the fuel
appears without air bubbles;
• tighten the tap 2.
Once engine starts, release the starter
switch key and release the clutch pedal
Pic. 5.1
After a cold start allow it to warm up for 3-5
minutes.
Check the operation of the engine at idle
speed for low and medium crankshaft
speed. Smoothly produce speed change.
Engine should run evenly, without
knocking. Engine is to be loaded only after
warming up.
Tractor motion start and
movement
To start moving do the following:
• reduce engine speed;
• press clutch pedal to the end;
• set the required GB range and gear; • disable parking brake, slowly release the
clutch pedal and at the same time increase engine fuel supply – tractor will start moving.
.
ATTENTION! The tractor is equipped with
a single seat. Do not allow in an
unauthorized person during the work of the
tractor.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section Д. Tractor preparation for operation.
E3
Tractor stop
To stop the tractor, do the following:
• reduce engine speed;
• press clutch pedal;
• shift GB lever to neutral position;
• release clutch pedal;
• stop the tractor using service brakes;
• stop the engine, by turning the starter
and instruments switch to position 0 -
"off";
• turn off the switch of «ground ».
Tractor testing
Before the tractor testing do the
requirements of Section "Preparing the
tractor to work. General requirements. "
The new tractor before operation should be
tested for 50 hours.
Tractor testing is an obligatory
procedure.
During the process of testing the tractors parts are burnished, which increases the service life of all components and parts. Tractor testing is done at engine load of not more than 50% of rated power at transport or other light works
Do not expose the case details of the
tractor to the temperature that is above 7 0
° C. During the process of testing perform
the technical maintenance every shift, as
indicated in Section «Maintenance of the
tractor».
After the testing:
• clean the tractor;
• change the oil in the crankcase, rear axle
cases, gearbox, front driving axle, front
wheels final drives gearboxes, hydro
system oil tank.
• lubricate the mechanisms and components of tractor according to the lubricant table (see table 2G Section « TM tractor»);
• replace the oil filter of the engine;
• replace the filter element of hitch hydro system (for Belarus-622 also filter element of filter DОРУ);
• rinse the filter of the fuel tank and sump
filter of the engine;
• check and, if necessary, adjust the clutch
pedal of free travel, brakes;
• check and if necessary tighten the outer
mounting parts and assemblies of the
tractor;
• check and finish to norm the tire
pressure;
• eliminate the found malfunctions.
ATTENTION! Insufficient and poor-quality
testing leads to a significant reduction in
service life of the tractor.
IMPORTANT! Before stopping the tractor
when working under load Allow the
engine to cool for 2-3 minutes working on
idle speed
ATTENTION! For emergency tractor
stop rapidly press both clutch and brake
pedals. For emergency engine stop
switch starter and devices key into «0»
«OFF» position
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section F. Mounting
F 1
Section F. TRACTOR MOUNTING
Tractors Belarus-322/422 and Belarus-622, designed for work with machines which
Operating speeds cann ot be increased under the terms of farming practices and which
traction does not exceed 6,0 J•Н for Belarus-322/422 and 9,0 J•Н for Belarus-622 (plowing,
tilling, fertilization, inter-row cultivation, transport and other works). They can be mounted with
simple and combined machines for different purposes (agriculture, public utilities). Tractors
ensure the aggregation methods:
• hitched - attached at three points to the hinges of upper and lower RHS braces. Weight of
an implement in transport position is totally taken by the tractor.
• semi-hitched - attached at three points to the hinges of upper and lower RHS braces or at
two points to lower RHS braces. Weight of an implement in transport position is partly taken
by the tractor but mostly by own wheels (usually one or two). When turning from working to
transport position, the attachment point is moved vertically, semi-trailed doesn’t change
its position;
• trailed – when the machine is connected via a towing device of ТСУ-3С type, weight of trailed equipment in transport position is totally taken by its own chassis;
• mounted, when the machine is connected to the tractor by means of additional non-
standard assembly units while the machine weight is perceived by the tractor completely
and less frequently partially.
Machine selection
Belarus-322/422 can be mounted with machinery from the set of tractors Cl.0,6,
Belarus-622 can be mounted with machinery from the set of tractors Cl.0,9.
Tractor Belarus-322/422 at low resistivity soil and when working with low power
machines can be mounted with machines kl.0,9.
Model Belarus-622 at a low resistivity soil and when working with low power machines
can be mounted with machines kl.1,4, and when working on heavy soils with machines
Kl.0,6.
While mounting of agricultural machinery of import manufacture one should check the
compliance of mounted machine with connecting element, hitch carrying capacity of the
tractor and tires, permissible vertical load on the lashing on traction. At a rearward position of
machines in relation to the tractor it is necessary for safety purposes to determine tractor
control criterion (the ratio of tractor axle load to weight of tractor), that should be 0,2 and more.
The load on the steered wheels of the tractor is determined by weighing the tractor
operated machinery, but can be also determined by calculation. The front ballast weights
installation is provided to reload front axle weight of 175 kg. Pouring water (solution) is
available only in the rear tires Belarus-622. Pouring water (solution) tire wheels Belarus-
322/422 is not provided. Ballasting the tractor, in addition, is necessary to improve the
traction qualities of the tractor (plowing, fertilizing, transportation and other works), where
there is no or insufficient additional loading of the tractor from the machine. The load on the
tires and the pressure must conform to the standards indicated in Table 1E
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section F.Mounting
F 2
Table 1F.
Tires carrying capacity
Speed
km/h
Load, kg, A t irepressure, mPa
0,08 0,1 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,2 0,22
210/80R16
30 480 545 605 665 715
20 545 625 695 760 825
10 590 670 745 815 880 940 1005
360/70R24
30 1165 1265 1375 1500 1605
20 1230 1450 1580 1720 1845
10 1500 1635 1775 1910 2045 2180 2250
11,2-20
30 - 765 850 930 1000 1080 1145 1180 (2,1,)
20 920 1020 1115 1200 1295 1375 1415
(2,1)
10 950 1070 1190 1300 1400 1510 1603
(2,1)
12,4L-16
30 670 740 810 885 955 1020 1085
20 805 885 970 1060 1145 1225 1300
10 840 935 1036 1134 1239 1337 1428
Table 2.1F. Permissible loads of the tractor axles on Belarus-322, kg.
Axle
name
Load
Minimal Maximal
Front 20% of the machine weight 1200
Rear – 1800
Table 2.2F. Permissible loads of the tractor axles on Belarus-422, kg.
Axle name
Load
Minimal Maximal
Front 20% of the machine weight 1200
Rear – 2000
Table 2.3F. Permissible loads of the tractor axles on Belarus-622, kg.
Axle
name
Load
Minimal Maximal
Front 20% of the machine weight 1400
Rear – 3000
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section F.Mounting
F 3
In the process, should pay attention to the tire pressure to maintain it within the
required limits in accordance with the recommendations of the manual, as well as the norms
of the above table.
When preparing the machine-tractor unit it is necessary to study the operating
instructions of mounted machines, and in accordance with the recommendation establish a
desired track of the tractor. The initial track tractor track is 1400 mm.
Changing the track of the front and rear wheels is carried out by changing the
connection of the wheel discs to the rim and the permutation wheels.
On pic. 6.1 for tractors Belarus-322/422 and Belarus-622 the schemes of connection
of the rim to the wheel discs to left front (а) I rear (B) axle flanges is shown:
Pic 6.1
The numerical values of the track of the front and rear wheels are given in table 3E,
and the width and the static tire radius in the table 4F.
Table 3F Table 4F
The tractor wheel track formation Static radius of tires
Tables 5.1F, 5.2F show the numeric values of the front and rear wheels tracks of
tractors Belarus-322/422 and Belarus-622, depending on the row spacing in processing
major tilled crops.
Tire type and
size
R st installation
site
Tracto
r
210/80R16 350 front Belarus-
322/42 2
11,2-20 450 rear
12,4L-16 425 front
Belarus-
622 360/70R24 509 rear
№
p/
p
Wheels
position
on pic. 6.1
Track, mm
front
wheels
rear
wheels
Be
laru
s-
32
2/4
22
1 1 1280 1250
2 2 1408 1400
Be
laru
s -
622
1 1 1388 1410
2 2 1532 1510
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section F.Mounting
Table 5.1F Inter row processing of tilled crops for Belarus-322/422
F 4
Table 5.2F Inter row processing of tilled crops for Belarus-622
Compiling machine- tractor units
Hitch machines mounting is done by connecting the triangle connecting the machine directly to the lower and the upper drawbars of the tractor hitch with the following dimensions of hinges shown in the table 6F:
Table 6F Hinges
dimensions
∅coupling pivot - of upper brace (D, mm)
∅ diameter of holes in hinge of
lower brace (d, mm)
The width of the hinge (b, mm)
Be
laru
s-
32
2/4
22
19 22,4 35
22 28,7 38
25 28,7 45
Be
laru
s
62
2
22 28,7 38
25 28,7 45
Hitch tractor equipments provide the work with machines having a connecting triangle
with dimensions:
- rack height 510 or 610 mm;
- the base of the rack 870 mm.
Aggregation of mounted and semi-mounted machines is provided by connecting machines to the rods of the machine.
Aggregation of semi-trailers and trailed machines through pendulum device (TAS-1M) or crosspiece or rod TAS-3B (male).
There is a number of mounting holes on semi-frame for aggregation of mounted hardware (capacity sprayers, loaders, etc..) allowing installation of strapping frame and other elements of the core strengthening.
The procedure of compiling the MTU, especially the work is given in the operating
instructions of mounted equipment. In all cases, check that the connecting elements, the
lifting capacity of hitch attachments and tires, the permissible trailer hitch and axle load.
Row
spacing
Track, mm
front wheels
rear wheels
12,4L-16 360/70R24
700 1388 1410
750 1532 1510
Row
spacing
Track, mm
front wheels
rear wheels
210/80R60 11,2-20
600 1280 1250
700 1408 1400
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section F.Mounting
F 5
Aggregate width and depth of soil treatment depend mainly on the tractive effort of the
tractor and soil resistivity.
Table 7F The resistivity of the soil
Aggregated
machines
The resistivity of the soil
(kN / m)
Possible working width
of МТА (m)
Ploughs
Heavy soils 18...25 0,36…0,5
average 12…14 0,65…0,75
light 6…8,0 1,12…1,5
Disc harrows 1,6…2,1 4,3…5,6
Hoeing plow plowshare 6,0…2,1 4,3…5,6
Cultivators 1,6…3,0 3,0…5,6
Seeders 1,2…1,6 5,6…7,5
Reapers 1,2…1,5 6,0…7,5
Forage harvester 2,6…3,3 2,7..3,5
Potato harvester 10,0…12,0 0,7…0,9
On the basis of the nominal traction developed by tractors Belarus-322/422 and Belarus-622, was produced a rough calculation of the working width of basic energy-intensive agricultural machinery.
Resistivity given in table 7E can be applied when the processing speed is 5 km / h. Changing the speed by 1 km / h, the resistivity changes by 1%.
Peculiarities of work
Bracing struts of mounted devices apart from the main hole to connect to the lower drawbars are slot machines with wide aggregation for improving of ground contours (cultivators, seeders).
Front hitch device is similar to the rear and is intended for aggregation with the machine of front hitch. Carrying capacity of mounted devices on 610 mm radius from the axis of suspension is:
- front 750 kg;
- rear 1800 kg.
The vertical load of the traction must not exceed:
For tractors Belarus 322/422 - crossbar – 4 kN (400 kg);
- ТСУ-1М (pendulum) – 5kN (500 kg);
For tractors Belarus 622 - crossbar – 6,5 kN (650 kg);
- ТСУ-1М (pendulum) – 8kN (800 kg);
- ТСУ-2 (hydro hook) – 12 kN (1200kg)
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section F.Mounting
F 6
The power takeoff for the drive of working machines is carried out through PTO at a
frequency of 540 to 1000 rpm with shanks 6 and 8 direct slot and 21 involute slots.
Through rear PTO it is permitted to transfer 100% of operating power (work on stationer).
The transfer of power through the front PTO is limited to 50% of the operational engine
power.
The MTU speed on public roads should not exceed 15 km / h (except for transport).
The movement of vehicles is allowed in accordance with the capacity of the tractor. Vehicles
must be connected only through drawbar TAS-1M (pendulum) or TAS-3B plug hook.
Trailers and semi-trailed machines should have tough trailer devices and adjustable
foot at JRC or drawbar. The angle of the transverse static stability of the MTU must be at
least 30 ° on the working tractor tracks.
Work with PTO
Drive of working machines is provided through the PTO shaft (PTO, rear and front)
with the help of the crankshaft with a protective casing, which by its parameters should
correspond to the transmitted power. In addition, the propeller shaft should have a sufficient
overlap of the telescopic part (not less than 100 mm)
To avoid jamming and breaking the connection the crankshaft plugs must be in the
same plane.
Front PTO is installed in tractor with front hitch PTO or without it.
Rear and front PTO shafts allow rotation of the tractor drive with mounted agricultural
machine in the "independent" or " synchronous" modes. When operating in the independent
mode PTO provides the drive speed of 540 and 1000 rpm, when operating in a synchronous
- 3,5 and 6,5 rev / m • way.
Changing of the PTO speed is performed by switching the gear stages with a roller
(pic. 4.5 on p.D3 Section "CONTROLS AND DEVICES").
roads.
Transport works
Tractors Belarus-322/422/622 are also used for transport works with moving to public
Therefore, the MTA transport should meet increased security requirements.
In accordance with the standards it is obligatory to equip the tractor trailers and semitrailers with service and parking brakes and insurance chains (cables)
Pneumatic drive of trailer service brakes is made on a single and two-wire circuit and is controlled from the working place of tractor operator. The parking brake must be placed directly on the mounted machine.
Before working with the trailer interlock brake pedals and check the condition of
pneumatic systems: air pressure maintained by the regulator, cylinder pressure, tightness of
the pneumatic system, and the presence of lubricant in the compressor.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section F. Mounting
F 7
After connecting the trailer, check the operation of the service brakes of the trailer in motion
and stationary. In case of detection malfunctions eliminate them before you start
Mounted to tractor trailers must have proper brake system that provides:
- stopping on the move;
- stopping the trailer separated from the tractor;
- retention of the trailer in the parking lot and on the slopes.
Aggregation of trailers must be made via TAS-3B (fork), and semi-trailers via hydro
hook TSU-2 and fork TSU-3B (622). The connection of trailers by TAS-1J (cross) and
TAS-1 is strictly forbidden on the basis of security conditions.
On machines such as trailers or semi-trailers, there should be a label of maximum
speed limit sign MTU at the rear left. The place for fastening the insurance chains (cables)
on the tractor can serve the transmission parts of the tractor.
Overall dimensions of the MTU when moving to a public road must not exceed: 2.5 m
in width and 3.5 m in height. In case of deviations from those standards coordination with the
State traffic police is required. Before transporting the hitch machines its important to install
the upper RHS drawbar on the lower hole in the bracket of the hinge.
To connect the signal equipment of mounted machines on the tractor there is an 8-pin
socket with jacks for power supply devices according to GOST and ISO standards.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G . Technical maintenance
G1
Section G. TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE
Technical maintenance is a system of preventive measures aimed at preventing premature
deterioration of the tractor through the creation and maintenance of normal operating
conditions and adjusting wearing parts and mechanisms of the tractor.
Performing maintenance operations generally does not require disassembly of the tractor.
Executors are the operators themselves. The planned volume of operations and frequency
are required.
Carrying out maintenance of the system every shift is of great importance for the
maintenance of the tractor in the correct state
Types of scheduled technical maintenance
Table 1G
Type of technical maintenance Frequency, h
Technical maintenance during the tractor preparation
for operation:
ТM while preparing tractor for testing
TM while testing STM (8-10)
ТM at the end of testing After 50 h of work
Routine maintenance:
- Shift technical maintenance (STM) 8-10
- technical maintenance №1(ТM-1) 125
- technical maintenance №2(ТM-2) 500
- technical maintenance №3(ТM-3) 1000
Special maintenance 2000
Seasonal technical maintenance (ТM-SS I ТM-03) During the transition to the
autumn - winter time
operation (TM-03) and the
spring-summer (TM-SS)
Technical maintenance during the tractor preparation for operation:
During the tractor preparation for testing refer to Section F «Tractor preparation for
operation».
TM during the tractor preparation for testing:
During the process of tractor testing carry out maintenance operations every shift (see
STM operations).
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G . Technical maintenance
G2
Technical maintenance after 50-hours testing of the tractor
1. Examine and wash the tractor. 2. Check and if necessary adjust the clearances between valves and diesel rocker arm 3. Listen to operation sound of all tractor components. 4. Replace the engine oil filter cartridge. 5. Check and, if necessary, adjust the tension of the fan belt. 6. Drain sediment from the fuel tank, coarse-mesh filter and fine filter. 7. Check the operation of the clutch, brakes, pneumatic drive, PTO drive and, if
necessary, do the servicing. 8. Check the battery state and, if necessary, do the servicing. 9. Change the oil in:
• crankcase of a diesel engine;
• power transmission cases;
• wheel reducers and main FDA gear. 10. Check the condition of the paper filter element of the hydro system of RHS and, if
necessary, replace it 11. Squirt all lubrication points. 12. Drain the condensate from the pneumatic cylinder. 13. If necessary serve the air cleaner. 14. Check the tire pressure and the convergence of the front wheels. 15. Check and, if necessary retighten the outer boltings. 16. Check the operation of the diesel engine, steering, brakes, lighting and alarms, and if
necessary, adjust them.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
.
G3
FUELS AND LUBRICANTS FUELED INTO THE ASSEMBLY UNITS OF TRACTORS
Table 2G
N
am
e o
f asse
mb
ly u
nit
Quantity
of a
sse
mb
ly
units, p
cs.
Types and brands of fuels and lubricants
Fill
ing m
asses a
nd
volu
mes, k
g (d
m3)
Re
gu
lari
ty o
f ch
an
gin
g,
hrs
.
N
ote
s
M
ain
D
up
licate
B
ackup
F
ore
ign
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Fuel and oil
Fuel t
ank B
ela
rus-3
22
/422
1
At an ambient temperature 0°С and higher
Diesel fuel Diesel fuel Diesel fuel NM-4
(32)
Ev
ery
sh
ift
refu
elin
g
K-0,2-40 K-0,5-40 EKЭЧ (STN 65 or K-0,2- or K-0,5- 0,035-62 6506), DIN 62 62 ТУ 5160-67, GOST 305-82 GOST 305-82 38.101.1348-99 ATSMD
first and extra 975-73
class
At an ambient temperature – minus 20°С and higher
Diesel fuel Diesel fuel NM-22 (SТN
(32)
Ev
ery
sh
ift
refu
eli
ng
3-0,2 3-0,5 65 6506) minus 35°С or minus 35°С
3-0,2 minus or 3-0,5
45°С GOST minus 45°С
305-82 first and GOST 305-
extra class 82
At an ambient temperature – minus 50°С and higher
Diesel fuel Diesel fuel SAEVV-F-
(32)
Ev
ery
sh
ift
refu
eli
ng
А-0,2 А-0,4 800 (CША) GOST 305-82 GOST 305-82 first and extra class
O
il case
Be
laru
s-3
22
In summer
1 Engine oil М- Engine oil SAE 15W-40
(4,4)
125
10EМ GOST М-10D2J API СF-4, 8581-78 GOST 8581-78 MIL-L-
М10D2
46152D/E
upgraded
ТУ38.401.58- 169-96
In winter
Engine oil
М-8EМ GOST 8581-78
Engine oil М-8D2J
GOST 8581-78
SAE 10W-40 API СF-4, MIL-L- 46152D/E
(4,4)
125
Compresso r Belarus - 322
1
The
same
(0,1)
125
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Fuel t
ank B
ela
rus -4
22
At an ambient temperature 0°С and higher
1 Diesel fuel Diesel fuel Diesel fuel NM-4
(32)
Ever
y s
hif
t
refu
elin
g
K-0,2-40 or (STN 65 K-0,2-62 K-0,5-40 or EKЭЧ 6506), DIN GOST 305-82 K-0,5-62 0,035-62 5160-67,
first and extra GOST 305-82 ТУ ATSMD
class 38.101.1348-99 975-73
At an ambient temperature – minus 20°С and higher
Diesel fuel Diesel fuel NM-22 (SТN
(32)
E
ver
y s
hif
t re
fueli
ng
3-0,2 minus 3-0,5 minus 65 6506)
35°С or 3-0,2 35°С or 3-0,5
minus 45°С minus 45°С
GOST 305-82 GOST 305-82
first and extra
class
At an ambient temperature – minus 50°С and higher
Diesel fuel Diesel fuel SAEVV-F-
(32)
Ev
ery
sh
ift
refu
eli
ng
А-0,2 А-0,4 800 (CША)
GOST 305-82 GOST 305-82
first and extra
class
O
il case
Be
laru
s-4
22
In summer
1 Engine oil М-
10EМ GOST
8581-78
Engine oil
М-10D2J
GOST 8581-78
SAE 15W-40 API СF-4, MIL-L- 46152D/E
(6,4)
125
М10D2
upgraded
ТУ38.401.58-
169-96
In winter
Engine oil
М-8EМ
GOST 8581-78
Engine oil
М-8D2J
GOST 8581-78
SAE 10W-40 API СF-4,
MIL-L-
46152D/E
(6,4)
125
Compre- ssor Belarus- 422
1
The
same
(0,1)
125
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G Technical maintenance
G5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 F
uel t
ank B
ela
rus -
622
At an ambient temperature 0°С and higher
1 Diesel fuel
K- 0,2-40 or
K-0,2-62
GOST 305-82
Diesel fuel
K- 0,5-40 or
K-0,5-62
GOST 305-82
Diesel fuel
EKЭЧ
0,035-62
ТУ
NM-4 (STN 65
6506), DIN
5160-67, ATSMD
(61)
every
shift
ma
inte
na
nce
first and extra 38.101.1348-99 975-73
class
At an ambient temperature – minus 20°С and higher
Diesel fuel 3- Diesel fuel 3- NM-22 (SТN
(61)
ev
ery
sh
ift
mai
nte
nan
ce
0,2 minus35°С 0,5 minus 65 6506)
or 3-0,2 minus 35°С or 3-0,5
45°С GOST minus 45°С
305-82 first and GOST 305-82
extra class
At an ambient temperature – minus 50°С and higher
Diesel fuel А-0,2 Diesel fuel А- SAEVV-F-
(61)
ever
y s
hif
t
mai
nte
nan
c
GOST 305-82 0,4 800 (CША)
first and extra GOST 305-82
class
E
ngin
e o
il in
cra
nkcase
Be
laru
s-6
22
In summer
1 Engine oil М-
10EМ GOST
8581-78
Engine oil
М-10D2J
GOST8581-78
SAE 15W-40 API СF-4, MIL-L- 46152D/E
(6,4)
125
М10D2
upgraded
ТУ38.401.58-
169-96
In winter
Engine oil
М-8EМ
GOST 8581-78
Engine oil
М-8D2J
GOST 8581-78
SAE 10W-40 API СF-4, MIL-L- 46152D/E
(6,4)
125
Compre- ssor Belarus- 622
1
The
same
(0,1)
125
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Gearbox housing Belarus- 322/422/622
1
Transmission Transmi- Transmi- НESSOL
(5,0)
1000 oil Tap-15С, GOST 23652-79
ssion oil TAD-17, ТСп-15J, ТСп-10, GOST
ssion oil М- 10D2
upgraded ТУ 38.401.58- 169-96
BECHEM HYPOID
SAE80W-90 API GL5;
GL4
or seaso- nal
79
Rear axle housing Belarus- 322/422/622
1
The same
(10,0)
1000 or seaso- nal
FDA 1
The
same
(3,0)
1000 housing Belarus- 322/422
or seaso- nal
FDA housing Belarus -622
1
The
same
(3,0)
1000 or seaso- nal
FDA final drive housing Belarus- 322/422/622
2
The
same
(0,5)
1000 or seaso- nal
Front PTO
1
The
(1,5) 1000
reducer or Belarus- 322/422/622
same seaso- nal
Hydraulic
1
Engine oil Industrial oil Industri al oil I-
30А GOST
23652-
Industrial oil
(28,0)
Seasonal
Season М-10D2 СFСНFМ HUNOLD al. Oil upgraded Staroil №32 Hydraulikoel applica ТУ 38.401.58- 14733172. HLP 32 tion
tank 169-96 003-99 (Germany) concer Belarus- М10D2J (in ТУ 903. ns 322/422/622 summer) 201.033-03 operati
М8D2J (in on
winter) types
GOST 8581-78
Lubricants
Bearing of
4
Litol-24 СFСНFМ Solidol СFСНFМ
0,015
1000 (250)
caster GOST 21150- multipurpose GOST LСР-GМ
angle reduce r ПСМ
87 LСР GМ ТУ РB 14733172.0
4366-76
Моbil Greast MP
Belarus- 1-98 ISO-L- 322/422/622 XDCIB2
Steering cylinder
hinge
Belarus- 322/422/622
2
Litol-24
GOST
21150- 87
СFСНFМ multipurpos e LСР GМ
ТУ РB 14733172.001- 98
Solodol GOST 4366- 76
СFСНFМ
LСР-GМ
Моbil Greast MP
0,015
250
ISO-L-
XDCIB
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual
G7
Section G. Technical
maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hitch brace bush of
Belarus - 622
2
The same
0,02
1000
Special-purpose liquids
The
1
The cooling «Tosol- Drinking
АGIP ANTI- FREEZE,
FRIDEX
STABIL
(11,0)
1 time per 2 years
cooling liquid ОG-40 А65М» ТУ water
system of a diesel engine LDW 1503
Belarus- 322/422/6 22
or ОG-65 GOST 28084- 89
6-57-48- 91 or «Borigo» ZN- 96/МР/ ТS/- 667, «Borigo Alju Formula» ZN- 96/МР/
containing antifreez e not less than 10% At an ambient temperature of 0°С and higher
ТS/-668
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G8
LIST OF OPERATIONS AND FREQUENCY OF THEIR CONDUCT
Table 3G №
operation
Contents Frequency
10 125 250 500 1000 2000
ENGINE
Check the oil level:
1 • in the crankcase Х
2 • in the compressor; Х
3 Check the coolant level in the cooling system Х
4 Check the degree of clogging radiator grille Х
5 Check the filter clogging of the air cleaner Х
6 Change the oil in the crankcase Х
7 Drain the sediment from filter sump Х
8 Check the tension of the compressor drive belt
Х
9 Carry out maintenance of the filter compressor
Х
10 Check the condition of the turbocharger Х
11
Check the tension of the alternator drive belt
Х
12 Change the oil filter Х
13 Change the fuel filter Х
14
Check the condition of the cooling system
hoses
Х
15
Check the condition of the alternator drive belt
Х
16 Replace coolant Х
17 Adjust valve clearance * Х
18 Conduct rinsing of turbocharger Х
19 Check and adjust nozzles on the pressure of injection and the quality of fuel atomization *
Х
20 Conduct a partial scan of engine * Х
21
Check the condition of the compressor valves*
Х
* The operation is to be carried out in a specialized workshop
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G9
Continuation of table.
№ operation
Contents Frequency
10 125 250 500 1000 2000
Chassis
22, 23,
24,
24а
Check the operation of the brakes,
illumination and signaling systems, oil level in
the oil tank and the work of the DОРУ,
inspect tires for cuts and injuries.
Х
25 Remove condensate from a cylinder pneumatic
drive
Х
Check and adjust if necessary:
26 • Free travel of clutch pedal Х
27 • Full travel of clutch pedal; Х
28 • The spare parking-brake control; Х
29, 29а
• tire pressure and tire condition; • the state of the wheel bolts
Х
Check oil level, replenish if necessary:
30 • in a gearbox housing; Х
31 • in the case of front axle; Х
32 • In the gear corpse of front (top) wheels Х
33 • in hydraulic tank Х
34 lubricate bearing pins of wheel FDA gear Х
35 Carry out maintenance of the battery Х
36 Lubricate hinges of the steering cylinder Х
Check and adjust if necessary:
37 • backlash in the hinge of steering draft;
Х
38 • toe-in Х
39 Check and, if necessary, pour oil into
the rear axle
Х
40
Replace the filter element of fine filter in oil filter
hydraulic systems (for Belarus-622 also filter
elements of HSC filter in the hydraulic oil tank)
Х
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G10
№ operation
Contents
Frequency
10 125 250 500 1000 2000
41 Lubricate the sleeve brace of the rear hitch Х
42 Check backlash of the steering wheel Х
43 Check the accuracy of the engine immobilizer
Х
44 Change the oil in hydraulic oil tank
Х
Change oil:
45
• in the case of rear axle; In the spring - summer season pour a
summer oil grade, in the autumn -
winter - winter
46 • in a gearbox housing; the same
47 • in the case of front axle; the same
48 • in the gearbox housing of the front wheels
the same
CONDUCTING TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
The operator must carry out daily inspection of the tractor in order to prevent loosening of the fasteners, leakage of coolant and oil, eliminate pollution of the tractor, as well as to carry out other maintenance work to ensure the efficiency of the tractor, its fire safety and security of work execution as part of machine and tractor unit.
IMPORTANT: Do not pour used oil on the ground. Use the special containers for collection
and storage. Drain the oil right after the stop of tractor operation until the oil has cooled down.
When checking the oil level, place the tractor on a flat surface.
ATTENTION! Before starting to work on the repair or maintenance of the tractor, stop the
engine and the tractor with a spare parking brake.
If during work on the tractor protective shields were removed, make sure they were set
back after the work was completed.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G11
ENGINE TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE
Before carrying out maintenance work, lift the hood of the tractor, for which: • Move the handle 1 in the direction of the arrow, lift the hood and set the rod in the slot 2 of
bracket 3.
To lower the bonnet: • press output draft 2 of slot bracket 3 and lower the hood all the way to the lock;
• with a sharp down movement latch the hood.
EVERY SHIFT MAINTENANCE (carried out every 8-10 hours of operation of the tractor)
Operation1. Checking the oil level in the crankcase
Check is made on a tractor mounted on a horizontal platform no earlier than 10 minutes after stopping the engine. • Remove the oil dipstick, wipe it and measure the oil level; • If the oil level is minimum, wipe and open the tap 2 of filler plug and add fresh oil; • re-measure the level using the dipstick. The height of the level should be maximized (in the
dipstick); • Install the dipstick and close the oil filler cap.
IMPORTANT: Do not fill above the top mark on the dipstick. This will lead to increased oil consumption and engine fuming.
ATTENTION! Do not operate a diesel engine when the oil level is below the lower dipstick mark
ATTENTION! Make sure that the bonnet is locked in the raised position.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
Operation 2. Checking the oil level in the compressor housing
Check is made when tractor is mounted on a horizontal platform no earlier than 10 minutes after the compressor stops.
• Measure the oil level on the oil line 1. The level should be
between the lower end of the line to the mark (cross mark
on it);
• If the oil level is lower, then through an opening closed by
the oil dipstick, top up to the required level by the oil
dipstick;
• drain of the oil from compressor casing is made through
an opening closed with a stopper 2.
G12
Operation 3. Checking the coolant level in the engine
cooling system.
• Open the expansion tank cap. The coolant level should be at the level of the mark max. If
necessary, add
• Close the cover of the expansion tank.
Operation 4. Checking radiator clogging degree
Check the cleanliness of the radiator core.
If it is clogged, clean it with a brush, blow compressed air. If very
dirty, rinse with hot water under pressure and blow compressed air.
Operation 5. Check the degree of air filter clogging
When lit filter air cleaner indicator lamps indicates its extreme clogging and the need to replace the filter element, as follows: • Release the latch, remove the air cleaner cover and remove the filter element; • Clean the inside of the cavity and the air cleaner cover;
• Install a new filter element; • refit the air cleaner cover and secure it with latches.
ATTENTION! System cooling is operated under pressure, the valve is maintained in the
surge tank cover. Be careful when you open the lid on the hot engine. The cover is rotated slowly at first give an opportunity to reduce the pressure in the cooling system, then remove the cover.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G13
MAINTENANCE EVERY 125 HOURS OF OPERATION Operation 6. Replacement of oil in the crankcase
Change the oil in a tractor that is placed on a horizontal platform with a warm up to a temperature of at least 70 ° C engine..
• Remove the cap 1 on the sump and drain the oil in the pre-prepared capacity.
• Screw the cap back.
Remove the oil filler cap, fill with fresh oil according to the lubricant table.
• Start the engine for 1-2 min.
• Not earlier than after 10 minutes after stopping the engine, measure the dipstick oil level and, if necessary, top up to the maximum mark.
• Reinstall back the oil dipstick.
Operation 7. Drain of sediment from fuel filter sediment bowl
• Loosen the wing nut 1, loosen and remove
mounting sleeve 2 filter sump.
• Drain the sump, flush glass 2, clean and
blow with compressed air the grid of the filter
sump.
• Reinstall back and fasten cup 2.
• With manual pumping of fuel supply fill with fuel the sump filter.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
Operation 8. Checking the compressor’s belt tension
G14
The belt tension should be such that when applying a force of 4 kgs in the middle branch of
the belt between the pulleys and the crankshaft of the compressor the belt deflection is 15
mm.
For tension of a belt:
• loosen the screws 1 (4 pcs.) To the
possibility of moving the compressor in
the slots of the bracket 2;
• by rotating compressor bolt tensioner 3 ,
pull the belt and tighten the nut 1;
• Check the deflection of the belt, which should • correspond the specified value.
Operation 9. Compressor filter servicing
• Remove the assembled filter 1 from the compressor.
• Clean the filter, wash in the washing solution, blow compressed air. Lubricate pack filter with 4-6h drops of engine oil.
• Screw the filter on the compressor.
Operation 10. Checking the turbocharger.
Check the tightness of bolts of the turbocharger, exhaust pipe. If necessary, tighten the bolts.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G15
MAINTENANCE AFTER EVERY 250 WORKING
Operation 11. Checking the compressor’s belt tension
The belt tension should be such that when applying a force of 4 kgs in the middle branch of
the belt between the pulleys and the crankshaft of the compressor the belt deflection is 15
mm.
Checking the tension of generator belt
The belt tension should be such that when applying a force of 10kgs
in the middle branch of the belt between the pulleys
and the crankshaft of the compressor the belt deflection
is not more than 10 mm.
To tighten the belt:
• loosen the bolts generator protective casing;
• loosen the fixing bolts of the generator;
• turn the generator on and tighten up the belt to the
desired value;
• tighten the bottom fixing bolt;
• tighten the upper fixing bolt;
• check the generator belt deflection, which must comply
with the above value;
• fasten the protective cover of the generator.
Operation 12. Replacement of the oil filter. • Unscrew (counter-clockwise) and remove the filter from the engine.
• Install a new filter, making sure there is no damage of sealing ring.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
Operation 13. Replacing fuel filter • Unscrew the filter (counterclockwise) and remove it from the engine. • Install a new filter, making sure there is no damage of sealing ring. • Fill the fuel system and remove air from the fuel, as specified in Section "Preparing the tractor to work."
Operation 14. Checking the cooling system hoses Check the condition of hoses: compress the hose and carry out a visual inspection. If there are cracks, replace the hose:
• loosen the coupling collars; • remove the hose and replace it with a new one; • tighten the coupling collars; • check hoses for leaks with the engine running.
G16
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G17
MAINTENANCE AFTER EVERY 500 WORKING HOURS
Operation 15. Checking the generator drive belt
Visually check the condition of the belt. If you have bundles, cracks, anguishes replace the belt:
• remove the protective cover of the generator;
• loosen the upper and lower bolts of the generator, turn the generator downwardly towards
the engine;
• remove the belt through the fan blades;
• put the new belt the same way;
• by turning generator to your side (from the engine) tighten the belt and tighten the lower
first and then the upper bolts of the generator;
• check belt deflection which, when force of 10 kg is applied, in the middle portion of the belt
between pulleys of the generator and crankshaft must be no more than 10 mm;
• refit the protective cover of the generator and tighten the mounting bolts.
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
MAINTENANCE AFTER EVERY 1000 HOURS OR 2 YEARS OF WORK
Operation 16 Replacement of a cooling liquid
• Open the expansion tank cap.
• Remove the cap and pour the prepared capacity of coolant from the radiator.
• Remove the plug and drain the coolant in the capacity of the engine block.
• Tighten the radiator drain plugs and engine block.
• Fill with coolant to the level of max mark in the expansion tank.
• Close the radiator cap.
G18
NOTE! As coolant, use antifreezes (mixture of distilled water with antifreeze in the respect
specified by the antifreeze manufacturer). It may momentarily used as the coolant water
during the testing.
ATTENTION! Be careful when you open the cover of a broad tank on the hot engine,
unscrew the cap slowly and carefully.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G19
ENGINE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS THAT SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT IN A SPECIALIZED WORKSHOP BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
AFTER EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION
Operation 17. Adjusting clearance between valves and rocker arms of the timing mechanism Adjustment of clearance should be done on a cold engine. • Remove the cover of the valve mechanism.
• By turning the crankshaft, install the piston of cylinder that is being checked at TDC on the tact of compression. In this case, both valves will be closed.
• Measure the clearance A between an end face of the valve stem and rocker arm of the brisk, which should be in the range of 0,15 ... 0,20 mm. If its necessary to adjust it, loosen the counter nut of the adjusting bolt on the rocker arm of regulating valve and turn the screw to install the necessary clearance for dipstick (measuring plate) between the brisk and the end of rocker arm of the valve stem; Tighten the lock nut of the adjusting screw, replace the valve cover.
Operation 18. Conduct washing of the turbocharger. • Remove the assembly turbocharger and immerse it for 2 hours in a bath of diesel fuel • Blow the turbocharger with dry compressed air and reinstall it back.
EVERY 1000 HOURS OF OPERATION
Operation 19. Check and adjust the nozzle to the injection pressure and fuel spray
quality
• Attach the nozzle to the pump of a control device and by
fuel supplying the nozzle check its injection pressure, the quality of fuel atomization. The injection pressure should be 130 kgs / cm 2 (13MPa); the pressure is controlled by varying the thickness of the washer under the spring needle of the spray. Atomized fuel should be small, uniform, with no visible jets with a clear cut-off.
• If there are any deviations, disassemble the nozzle, rinse and clean the sprayer with a brass brush and, if necessary, replace the sprayer
• Assemble the nozzle, adjust the injection pressure.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G20
EVERY 2000 HOURS OF OPERATION
Operation 20. Partial check of the engine
• Conduct lapping of valves and valve seats. Adjust the nozzle to the injection pressure and
fuel spray quality. Check autonomous fuel pump at maximum pressure and leakage.
• Perform lifting of cylinder head bolts.
Operation 21. Checking the compressor valves
• Remove the four screws 1of the head fastening 2 of the compressor and remove the head assembly with a spacer 3.
• Remove ribbed inlet valve located between the spacer 3 and 4 cylinder compressor.
• Disconnect from the head of the compressor 2 spacer 3, unscrew the clamp hold-down bolt of the blank holder, turn aside the blank holder and remove the discharged reed valve.
• Clean the from sediments compressor head, the spacer, the piston crown, plate valves with a brass brush (scraper), rinse them and blow compressed air.
• Collect the compressor test it.
ATTENTION! When removing the head of the compressor and disconnecting it from the
spacer, be careful to prevent damage of the pads.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G21
TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE OF CHASSIS
EVERY SHIFT MAINTENANCE (carried out every 8-10 hours of operation of the tractor)
Operation 22. Check the operation of the brakes.
Operation 23. Check the operation of illumination and alarm systems.
Operation 24. Check the oil level in the oil tank and HSC work.
Operation 24а. Check the tires for cuts and damage.
Operation 25. Condensate drain from the cylinder of the pneumatic drive.
After the operation, when the air in the tank is under pressure drain the condensate: pull
aside the ring of the valve of the condensate removal 1.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
MAINTENANCE AFTER EVERY 125 HOURS OF OPERATION
Operation 24. Checking and adjustment of the clutch pedal of free travel
G22
Free travel clutch pedal must be 35 ± 5 mm. Excessive free travel can result in incomplete
deenergizing of coupling (difficult, with the gnashing, gear shifting), insufficient of free travel-
to coupling skidding.
A poorly adjusted free travel clutch pedal results in premature failure of both parts of the
clutch (wear linings slave drive, the destruction of the release bearing and so on.) as well as
of gearbox parts.
- To adjust the free travel:
- remove the return spring, pos. 1;
- disconnect the clutch rod item 6 from lever pos. 2, removing the pivot pos. 3;
- turn the lever pos. 2, counter-clockwise until the release bearing in the petals of the
diaphragm spring stop and rotate the fork item 4 of rod pos. 6, align the holes of fork and
lever (pedal pos. 7 with the hold at the far right), then tighten the fork in 5 ... 6 turns and
connect with lever with the help of the pivot pos.3, then tighten the nut 5, fasten by cotter the
pivot
- set the return spring;
- by turning the eccentric bushing pos.8 configure the full pedal travel in the range
of 150...160 mm.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G23
Operation 27. Check the brake pedal full speed
Full travel interlocked brake pedal should be between 85 ... 95 mm when you press them with a force of 12 kgs. During the operation the brake disc may wear out and it may lead to increasing of pedals free travel up to 120 mm.
Adjust the brake control in the following order:
• unfasten by cotter and remove the
pedal travel for 5 ... 10 mm less. Tighten the counter-nut 1 and test the brakes on the move. The difference between the beginning of braking of the right and left rear wheels of interlocked pedals on dry pavement should be no more than 1 m (on prints), and braking distance under these conditions should not be more than 6 m if you start the braking at speed of 20 km / h. If necessary, make additional adjustment with bolts 2;
• if using two bolts can not ensure the adjustment, you should remove one or two gaskets 10 between the corps 11 and brake arms 9;
• loosen the lock nut 6 and screwing in or turning out the fork 5, adjust the length of the rod 7 to match holes in the pivot 4 and in the fork 5 and lever 3. Connect traction lever 3 to 7 with a pivot 4 and fasten by cotter the pivot.
• tighten the locknut 6.
11 10 9
IMPORTANT! Lowering of brake pedals
travel value less than 80 mm is not allowed, as this may lead to excessive wear out of the brake discs and the brakes overheating.
ATTENTION! To ensure long-term
operation of the brakes, observe the
following rules:
• Do not keep foot оn the brake pedal
without the need to
• Do not brake without deenergizing of
coupling when the brake pedals are
interlocked;
• do not brake with a single (left or
right) pedal when the differential lock is
ON.
pivot 4, disconnect the rod 7 of valve 9 10 11
control 8 of pneumatic drive brakes of the trailer;
• unscrew the locknuts 1; unscrewing or screwing bolts 2, adjust the full right pedal travel in the range of 85 ... 95 mm, and the left
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
.
G24
Operation 28. Checking and adjustment of the control of the parking and emergency brake
Pulling the handle of the lever 3 (up) with a force of (180 ... 200) H (8 ... 20) kg, the lock must be installed on the first or second tooth sector 12, and should firmly fix the lever in this position. Both rear wheels at the same time should be braked. Adjust the control of the parking and emergency brake, in the following order:
• check and if necessary, adjust the
brake pedal full travel (see. the previous
operation;
• set the lever 3 to its lowest position;
• Loosen the screws 4, 9, 11, unscrew
the bolt by 3-4 turns;
• by rotating coupling 10, set the length of
the rod 1 so that the upper edge of the
groove in the fork 8 could touched the
pivot 7;
• screw the bolt 2 till it meets the lever 5;
• tighten the nuts 4, 8, 10.
Operation 29. Checking the condition of tires and tire pressure
There should be no cut and cracks on the tires.
Grousers height should be at least 5 mm. Tire pressure should correspond to the selected load and to the recommendations of the section «Tractor mounting»
Operation 29а. Checking the wheel bolts.
Tighten the bolts on the wheel rim and the hub bolts.
Operation 30. Checking the oil level in the gearbox housing
• Unscrew the plug of level/fill port. The oil level should reach the level port. • If the oil level in the gearbox is lower than the level port, add oil. Screw the plug 1.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G25
Operation 31. Check the oil level in the housing (the leading front axle beam)
• Unscrew cap 1 of the level port. The oil level should reach the level port
• If the oil level in the gearbox is lower than the level port, unscrew the plug with breather 2 on the housing of the axle and add oil to the level of the level port.
• Screw the plug 1 of the level port and unscrew the plug with breather 2.
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622
Operation 32. Checking the oil level in the gear housing of final drives front axle
• Unscrew cap 1 of the level port. The oil level should reach the level port. • If the oil level in the gearbox is lower than the level port, add oil.
• Screw the plug 1. If necessary, drain the oil through the drain hole 2.
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
Operation 33. Checking the oil level in the hydraulic oil tank.
• Remove the dipstick 1 and check the oil level, which must be between the two marks.
• If the level is below the lower mark, remove the plug 2 and top up with oil to the level of the upper mark of the dipstick.
G26
Operation 34. Lubrication of the bearings of FDA wheel reduction gear pivots axes.
Through fitting 1, 2, lubricate bearings until the lubrication of clearances appear.
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622
Operation 35. Servicing of the storage batteries
If electrolyte gets on your skin or eyes, wash the affected area abundantly with water (up to 15 minutes after contact with eyes) and immediately turn to medical help.
• Clean the battery from dust and dirt. The battery should be clean and dry.
Clean the terminals and wire nozzles of the oxides, clean the air vents in plugs, lubricate the terminals and wire terminals with lubricating grease.
• Check the electrolyte level. It should be above the protective grille on 12-15 mm. If necessary, add distilled water. Check the charge level of the battery, if necessary, carry out a recharge. Low battery less than 50% in summer and 25% in winter is not allowed.
• Check the battery attachment, do not let it weaken.
ATTENTION ! When handling batteries, avoid contact of electrolyte with skin, eyes,
clothes.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual
G27
Section G Technical maintenance
MAINTENANCE AFTER EVERY 250 WORKING HOURS
Operation 36. Lubrication of a steering cylinder hinges
• Clean the oilers 1.
• Lubricate joints (2 pcs.) using a discharge syringe of lubricating grease (3-4 discharges)
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622 (top view) (front view)
MAINTENANCE AFTER EVERY 500 WORKING HOURS
Operation 37. Check of play in the joints of steering rod
At the working engine, turn sharply the steering wheel in both directions and check for a play in the joints. If there is play:
• disconnect the safety wire 1;
• screw plug 2 to eliminate the play;
• Tighten the cap 2 from loosening with wire 1
Operation 38. Check front wheel toe
Before checking the convergence of the front wheels always check clearance in the joints of
steering rods. The convergence of the directing wheels (the difference between the sizes of
A and B) should be within 4 ... and 8 mm. Adjust the convergence of the wheels conduct the
following way:
• set the tractor on a horizontal hard surfaced area ;
• adjust the wheels of the tractor in a straight direction.
Stop the diesel;
• determine the convergence of the wheels: • measure the distance (measurement A) between the
inner edge of the wheels rims in front (at the height of the wheel center) and make a mark with chalk in metering places;
• roll the tractor forward so that the marks were behind at the same height and measure the distance between the marked points (measurement B).
• the difference between the first and second
measurements should equal the convergence of the
wheels and must be within 4...8 mm;
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual
Section G. Technical maintenance
G28
• If necessary, adjust the convergence by varying the length of rod 1, previously having
loosen the locknuts 2.
•
Operation 39. Checking the oil level in the housing of the rear axle
To check the oil level set the tractor on a horizontal
hard surfaced area.
On tractors Belarus-322/422:
• Unscrew cap 1 control filling hole. The oil level
should reach the level plug.
• If the oil level does not reach the control filler hole
add some oil. Screw the cap 1.
On tractors Belarus-622
• • Remove the dipstick (located on the right side of the rear axle cover), and check that the oil level is between the two marks of the probe.
• • If the oil level is below the bottom mark of the probe, add to the level of the upper mark.
Operation 40. Change of filter element of fine oil filtering in hydro system oil tank
for Belarus-322/422
• raise the cowling.
• clean oil tank from dirt.
• disconnect the drain pipe 6 from filter fitting.
• unscrew the bolts 4 coupling the filter and flange of tank case of oil tank 5 and remove the filter assembly
• unscrew the bolts 7 coupling the filter cover 10 and filter bowl 13. • remove the filter cover 10 and take out spring 8, filter valve 9, sealing rings 11 and filter
element 12.
• rinse the parts in the diesel fuel filter and reassemble filter with a new filter element. • place the assembled filter in the oil tank, tighten the bolts 4 and install the drain pipe 6.
• add oil to the upper mark of the dipstick 3.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual
G29
Section G Technical maintenance
Operation 40. Replacing the filter element of hydraulic oil fine purification and HSC filter element of fine oil purification for Belarus-622
а) Replacing the filter element of hydraulic oil fine purification: Remote hydraulic filter of tractor Belarus-622 is located behind the cab on the left side along the tractor.
• Clean the filter 1 from dirt.
• Unscrew the cap 2.
• Loosen the fastening bolts 6 of the cover 3
to filter casing 1.
• Remove the cover 3, remove the filter
element 4 and O-ring 5.
• Rinse all components and plug 2 in diesel
fuel and reassemble filter with a new filter
element in the reverse order.
а) Replacement of HSC filter element of fine oil purification.
Filter element of fine oil purification for HSC of tractor Belarus-622
is located at the hydraulic oil tank.
• replacement of HSC filter element of fine oil purification of tractor Belarus-622 is fully
consistent with the operation of replacement of filter element of hydraulic filter for tractors
Belarus-322/422, Belarus-322/422
Operation 41. Lubrication of rotary shaft bushings of the hitch
• Clean the dirt from the oiler.
• With the injection syringe lubricate the bushings (2 pcs. on the
rear hitch and 2 pcs. of the front, if fitted on the tractor) before
the appearance of lubricant from clearances.
Operation 42. Check wheel play
Steering wheel play with the engine running should not exceed 25 °.
If it exceeds 25 °, check the play in the joints of steering rods, the condition of hinges of steering cylinder and steering column. Repair the found malfunctions.
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
Operation 43. Check the engine immobilizer
• Disconnect the leads of harness 1 from
the switch of blocking 2 (pos. SA6 in the
electrical circuit), which is mounted on a
bracket 3, located on the lid of the
gearbox.
Set and hold the lever 4 of the
gearshift in Neutral position.
• With a test light or electrical
measurements make sure that the
contacts of the switch blocking 1 in this
case had been closed (control lamp is
ON or electrical measurement indicates
the presence of current).At a turned on
transmission contacts must be opened
(indicator lamp is not lit, the device does
not show the presence of current).
Readjustment of immobilizer can be done
by an overcast of the bracket 3 where
there is a lock switch.
MAINTENANCE AFTER EVERY 1000 HOURS OF OPERATION
Operation 44. Changing the oil in hydraulic
tank
• Remove the cap 2 of oil tank filler h o le ,
remove the plug 3 of drain plug and drain the
oil from the oil tank in the prepared capacity.
• Screw the plug 3 and fill the oil tank with fresh
oil to the level of the upper mark of the dipstick
1.
• Install the plug 2.
G30
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G31
TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE PASSING TO THE SPRING-SUMMER SEASON OR
AUTUMN-WINTER
Operation 45. Changing the oil in the rear axle housing
Drain the oil from the rear axle casing is made immediately after the operation of the tractor until the oil has cooled down. • Set the tractor on a hard surfaced area, stop the engine, brake the tractor with the reserve
parking brake. • Remove the filler 1, control 2 (for Belarus-622 - unscrew the dipstick) and drain 3 plug and
drain the oil from the housing rear axle, and drain the oil from the gear wheel housings. • Tighten drain plugs and fill with fresh, seasonal oil to the level of control and the filler hole
in the rear axle (for Belarus-622 - to the level of the upper mark of the dipstick) and the gear wheel housings. Screw filler and control plugs.
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
Operation 46. Replacing the oil in a gearbox housing.
• Remove the plug 2 and drain the oil from the gearbox housing.
• Screw the plug 2 and fill with fresh, seasonal oil to the level port 1.
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622
Operation 47. Changing the oil in the front axle casing
• Remove the plug 3 and drain the oil from the front axle housing, screw plug 3.
G32
• Fill with fresh, seasonal oil through the plug with breather -2 to the level port, sealed with
plug 1.
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622
Belarus 322/422/622 Operating manual Section G. Technical maintenance
G33
Operation 48. Changing the oil in the gearbox housing final drive of front axles (2 pcs).
• Unscrew plugs 2 and drain the oil from the gearbox housing; • Screw the plug 2 and fill seasonal fresh oil up to the control filling level of plugs 1.
For Belarus-322/422 For Belarus-622
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section H.Current repairings .
H1
Section H. CURRENT REPAIRINGS
General requirements
Current repairing – repairing that are performed for ensuring or restoration of working
capacity of products and consisting in the replacement and (or) reconstruction of its parts
Current repairing is performed in case of failure modes and damages (malfunctions) of
the tractor, which cannot be eliminated by adjustments during technical maintenance.
Defective components during the current repairs may be replaced provided that the other
part of the product has a large stock of resources.
Current repairing should be carried out using the repair with responsibility, that
maintains affiliation of restored components to a particular tractor. In this method, the
residual life of parts and assembly units is stored during the repairing more fully due to the
fact that there is no need in increasing the duration of the running, and increased wear out of
details and conjugations does not occur
Works on current repairs must be performed by employees who have been trained by
locksmiths learning programs and qualified mechanics of 3, 4 categories and higher, who
know the device and principle of operation of tractors Belarus-322/422/622 and their
modifications.
For preliminary diagnosis of technical condition during the operation of the tractor are
installed: sensor alarm of emergency oil pressure in the lubrication system of diesel, located
on the block of cylinders near the installation of the oil filter; coolant temperature indicator
sensor is mounted on the block of cylinders on the right while the tractor sensor of
emergency coolant temperature - in the case of the thermostat; gauge of the index of air
pressure in the pneumatic system and the alarm of an emergency air pressure in the
pneumatic system sensor, are located on the pneumatic cylinder
The degree of clogging of the air cleaner is controlled by a sensor alarm of clogged air
filter, designed for enabling the warning light when air filter is clogged above the permissible
level.
Information from the sensors is displayed on the instrument panel cluster and control
lights block located on the instrument panel of the tractor (Section «Controls and devices»)
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section H.Current repairing
H 2
Safety measures.
For current repairs are allowed workers specially trained and who have the certificate of qualification assignment, passed safety and fire safety trainings, as well as training and examination on labor protection, and provided with special clothing, footwear and other personal protective equipment.
While examinating the tractor, use a portable lamp with a voltage not exceeding 12 V.
Drain fuel and oil only in a vessel. Spilled on the floor fuels and lubricants must be
covered with sawdust or sand and removed from the workplace.
When using the handling equipment the movable load must be reliably fixed. There
should be marked with data about their caring capacity on the handling vehicles.
Do not use the hoist with a load of weight exceeding the capacity of the machine and do
not carry any loads over people.
It is unacceptable to install large components and assemblies on each other, creating an
emergency track.
Wash the parts and assemblies in a specially equipped workplace. Never work with
floating washing equipment and not having turned off the pump motor.
Disassemble and assemble the small nodes on a workbench, large - on special stands.
The devices used in the work, must be in good condition. Strippers should not have
cracks, bent rods, torn or crumpled thread.
Using worn or defective removers is prohibited.
Tools are to be serviceable and of appropriate size. Malfunction keys with worn or
deformed throat are prohibited to use.
For checking the match of holes use mandrel, a crowbar or a bolt, but not the fingers.
When working on a drill or rough-grinding machine, or using pneumatic tools it is
necessary to comply with the established safety measures.
When using power tools electrical safety measures should be taken: use the tool with
the good electrical insulation, use a frame ground, use personal protective equipment.
Operating room should be provided with fire extinguishing agents.
.
Removal of faulty nodes can be carried out only when diesel engine is turned off and
"weight" of the tractor is OFF.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I. Troubleshooting.
I1
SECTION I. TROUBLESHOOTING
Table 1I
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
Air in the fuel system
Clogging of filter of thin fuel clearing or filter sump
ENGINE
Pump over system manual fuel pump, as specified in Section «Preparing the tractor to work ». Replace the fuel filter. Clean and
wash the filter-sump.
Clogged one of fuel pipes Clean the fuel pipes, remove air from the fuel supply system.
Malfunction of nozzles Identify the faulty nozzle, replace it
Lockups of high pressure fuel pump dispensing valve Faulty fuel pump booster
Lockups of valve timing
Cylinder head nuts are loose
The starter does not turn the engine crankshaft
Disassemble the fuel pump, clean and rinse the valve * Disassemble the booster pump, repair or replace the pump * Remove the cylinder head, disassemble the valve mechanism, remove the valve lockup*
Tighten the cylinder head *
See. Electrical malfunction
Engine runs for a short time
Low idle speed Adjust the idle speed *
One of the fuel filters is clogged Clean and rinse the filter sump.
If necessary, replace the fine filter
Air in the fuel system Pump up system priming pump to remove air
Booster pump is faulty Identify and repair the malfunction*
* The operation should be conducted in a specialized workshop
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I. Troubleshooting.
I2
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
Engine does not develop turnovers
Motor overload Reduce the load on the engine
Disruption of installation of timing fuel supply Contact a specialized workshop *
Broken regulator spring The same
Jamming of adjusting rail of high-pressure pump
The same
Unstable engine speed
Arm adjustment knob disrupted Adjust the fuel pump *
Jamming of adjusting rail of high pressure fuel pump
The high level of oil in the crankcase
Dismantle the control of the fuel pump,
eliminate jamming *
Top up the oil level
Engine emits black smoke
Air cleaner filter is clogged Replace the filter
Lockup of injector nozzle needle Identify and replace the faulty nozzle sprayer
or injector assembly
Intermittent supply of fuel Determine the cause and eliminate
Disrupted regulation of the fuel pump Check the adjustment of the fuel pump *
Engine emits white smoke
Increased idle speed Adjust the high pressure fuel pump *
The engine works with super cooling Warm up the engine, keep the engine
temperature within the limits of 75 ... 95 ° C
coolant
The presence of water in the fuel Replace fuel
During the operation coolant gets into the cylinder
Repair the engine *
* The operation should be conducted in a specialized workshop
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I. Troubleshooting.
I3
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
Low oil pressure in the lubrication system
(warning lamp of emergency oil pressure in
the engine is ON)
Depreciation of main and connecting rod bearings
Air leaks in the suction oil line
Repair the engine *
Eliminate air leak
Suction oil line is clogged Clean and rinse oil line
Disrupted or hang the adjustment of oil
pressure valve in the system.
Disassemble the valve, clean and adjust the
pressure *
CLUTCH COUPLING
The clutch does not transmit full torque
No free pedal travel Adjust the free travel
Worn out linings of conducted disk Replace the clutch disc assembly
The clutch is not completely switched off ("lead”)
Increased free travel Adjust the free travel
GEARBOX
Transmissions are switched with grind
Incomplete clutch turning off, clutch "leads" Adjust the free travel of the clutch pedal
MAIN GEAR
Increased noise in the main (conical) pair
Disrupted adjustment of teeth engagement of
the main gear and differential bearings
Adjust engagement and bearing clearance
BRAKES
Brakes do not hold
Disrupted brake control adjustment Adjust the brake control
* The operation should be conducted in a specialized workshop
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I. Troubleshooting.
I4
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
FRONT DRIVING AXLE
Oil leak from outlets of FDA hinge joints
Sealing cups of FDA tubes are worn or damaged.
Replace the sealing cups
Oil leak from reducer case on the shaft of axle drive gear
Sealing cup is worn or damaged. Replace the sealing cup
Increased noise in reducer case
Maladjustment of main gear engagement. Adjust the side clearance of gear engagement (0,18-0,25 mm).
FDA is not enabled when rear wheels are slipping
Low stiffness of springs in eccentric camsof
flywheel.
Adjust the spring force of claw stop axles with
an adjusting screw
Pivot knock when driving
Maladjustment of knuckle pivot bearings Adjust the angle of the front wheels within 43
° ... 45 °
Early tire tread wearing and front tire peeling
Disrupted the convergence of front wheels Adjust the convergence within the required limits
Non-compliance of air pressure in tires with
standards
Keep the rated tire pressure according to the
norms stated in «Manual»
THE FRONT AND REAR PTO SHAFTS
PTO shafts do not transmit the full torque
Disrupted PTO clutch adjustment Adjust PTO clutch to transmit the full torque
PTO shafts do not stop when you turn off the PTO clutch
Disrupted clutch adjustment control
mechanism
Adjust the clutch control to full braking
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I. Troubleshooting.
I5
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
STEERING
The increased effort on the steering wheel
The absence or lack of pressure in the
hydraulic steering for reasons:
• insufficient oil level in the tank; pump power
does not develop the required pressure;
• safety valve metering pump is floating in the
open position, or is set to a low pressure;
• considerable friction or shimming in
mechanical parts of the steering column;
• considerable friction or shimming in
mechanical parts of the steering column;
• air leak on the suction side of the system
The pressure in the hydraulic steering should
be 90 ... 100 kgf / cm2 (ups). Fill the tank with
oil to the required level. Pump hydraulic system
to remove the air, what with the engine
running, turn the steering wheel 2-3 times from
lock to lock.
Rinse the pressure relief valve and adjust the
pressure is 90 ... 100 kgf / cm2 when the
engine is at nominal speed.
Check and eliminate obstacles to free
movement in the mechanical parts of the
steering column.
Check and eliminate obstacles to free
movement in the mechanical parts of the
steering column.
Check the suction pipe, eliminate leakage.
Pump over system to remove air.
The steering wheel is rotated without steering wheels
Insufficient oil level in the oil tank
Worn out cylinder rod seals
Fill the tank to the required level and pump
over hydraulic system to remove air
Replace the seals or cylinder
Increased ultimate joint effort at the beginning of rotation of the steering wheel
The increased viscosity of the oil (the oil is cold)
Warm the oil in the running diesel engine
The steering wheel does not return to "neutral", "motorized" of the metering pump
Increased friction or shimming of mechanical
components in the steering column.
Removing the cause of friction and shimming
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I. Troubleshooting.
I6
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
Splined shank of the steering column and
metering pump are misalignment (thrust of
propeller shaft) or with inadequate gap.
Free the gimbal. To increase the gap install
additional washer with thickness of 1.5 mm
between the metering pump and the steering
column bracket
Increased Steering Wheel play
Tapered pivots of steering rod are not fastened
Increased play of splines "gimbal steering shaft - pump-dispenser"
Tighten the pivot nuts with torque
12 ... 14kgs • m
Replace the bottom the gimbal fork
Unequal minimum turning radius of the tractor right and left
Maladjustment of wheel convergence Adjust the convergence of the wheels as
described in Section "Maintenance"
Incomplete rotation angle of guiding wheels
Insufficient pressure in the hydraulic steering
system
Adjust the pressure to within 140 ... 155 kg / cm².
Faulty pump power Repair or replace the pump
MOUNTED HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
A hitch with a load does not rise
No pressure in the hydraulic system:
• power pump is not turned on Turn on the pump
• absent or insufficient oil level in the tank;
• sticking of distributor overflow valve
• safety valve of distributor is contaminated; the valve bead is lost from the slot
Fill the tank up to the mark "P" of oil dipstick
Take out and wash the valve parts, then put them back The valve should move freely.
Disassemble and wash the safety valve, then
place it back. Adjust the operating pressure of
the valve.
• Low pumps performance; Check the pump performance and replace it if necessary.
Misalignment of the safety valve of the distributor;
Adjust the valve on the pressure
20-2 MPa on the rear hydraulic outlets
BFKарус-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I.Troubleshooting
I7
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
Air leak in suction line.
.
Hitched implement is raised slowly Detect the place of leak and eliminate the defect.
Increased oil leakage in the pump Check the performance of the pump, replace if necessary
Foaming oil in the tank and sloshing through the breather Air leak in suction line.
Air leakage through the seal of the oil pump
Detect the place of leak and eliminate the defect
Check the condition of the cuff, replace if necessary
A low level of oil in the tank Fill the tank up to the mark "P" of oil dipstick
Reducing carrying capacity of hitch with warm oil
Oil pump wear out Replace the pump
When you install the handles to the front position hitch does not get lower
Jamming of the valve in the valve housing, in the position of "lifting" or "neutral" due to dirty oil
1. Pressing the pusher drown it to the top cover of hydraulic hoist control. 2. Rinse the system, replace the drain filter, fill the tank with clean oil
Mounted plow when the discharge control method for a small movement of the handle pops out of the soil or excessively deepens
Disruption of the spring of power sensor Replace the spring
The handles are not held in a predetermined position
Wear out of the friction washers, fixation handles relatively to the bracket
1. Retighten the friction washer
2. Replace the washers
Strong vibration when lowering hydraulic tools
Destruction or sediment of slowing valve spring
Replace the spring
The destruction of the safety pawl Replace the safety pawl
Increased heating of the oil in the hydraulic system
A low level of oil in the tank Fill the tank up to the mark "P" of oil dipstick
Bent or crushed oil lines Eliminate dents or replace oil line
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I.Troubleshooting.
I8
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
Hitch with a raised load is not retained in a predetermined position
(spontaneous lowering)
Oil l through the sealing of plunger cylinder
Oil Leak through the sealing ring of hydraulic hoist distributor
Replace the seal of plunger cylinder
Replace the sealing ring
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
The battery has a low level of charge (warning light indicating the low battery power id
ON with the engine running)
The low level of the regulated voltage
Increased contact resistance between the
battery terminals and wires lugs due to the
weakening or oxidation
Replace the generator voltage regulator (in a
specialized workshop) Clean terminal
connections, tighten and lubricate the non-
contact part petroleum jelly. Tighten the
fastening of the switch "masses"
Faulty battery Replace the battery
Slippage of the drive belt Adjust the tension of the alternator drive belt
Battery "boils" and requires frequent refilling with
distilled water
High levels of regulated voltage Replace the alternator voltage regulator
Faulty battery Replace the battery
There is no tension on the + terminal of
the generator
Faulty battery Replace the battery
The starter does not turn on and turn the crankshaft diesel
Disconnect one of the lugs of the wires
leading to the battery
Strong oxidation of tips of wires and battery
terminals
Locking device of diesel startup has tripped or the switch is defective
Starter starting torque is small because of battery discharge
Firmly tighten the lugs on the terminals of the battery
Clean the battery terminals and wire lugs, lubricate their non-contact parts with petroleum jelly
Install the manual lever to the neutral position, or replace the switch
Charge the battery to normal state
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section I.Troubleshooting.
I9
Malfunctions, symptoms, causes Elimination method
Diesel is not prepared for starting at a temperature below +5°С
Prepare the diesel for a start
Faulty starter Remove the starter and send it to the workshop
The generator does not develop full power
Slippage of fan belt Adjust
Faulty generator Remove the generator and send it to the workshop
The noise of the generator
Slippage of or excessive tension of the fan belt Adjust
Worn out of bearings Remove the generator and send it to the workshop
CAB HEATING AND VENTELATION BLOCK
Warm air does not enter the cab
No water circulating through the heating unit The tap is turned off - open. Hoses are
clogged - eliminate. Air or ice plugs in the
heater hoses - eliminate. Fan not working -
contact a qualified technician
Heated air with high humidity enters the cab
Water leakage in the radiator heater and heating system connections. Damaged hoses
Eliminate
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Insufficient air pressure in the cylinder, the pressure increases slowly and falls quickly when stopping the diesel engine
Air leakage in the system Eliminate
Faulty brake valve Remove and send to the workshop
The air pressure in the cylinder decreases rapidly when you press the brake pedal
Faulty compressor Remove and send to the workshop
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section J. Transportation and storage .
J1
Section J. TRACTOR TRANSPORTATION
AND STORAGE
Tractor transportation and towing
Transportation of tractor is performed by railway, truck or under own power.
Transporting the tractor enable parking brake and switch the gear and range shifting lever
to the first gear; fasten the tractor on the platform with a wire ø5-6 mm, chains, and other
extensions. Set the thrust bars under the front and rear wheels.
During loading and unloading of the tractor use lifting devices with lifting capacity of
not less than 6000 kg.
Perform ropes attachment to the ring nuts of front wheels (see scheme) (the removed
nuts of wheel holdings are in a box of spares).
Tractor towing is allowed using the flexible or rigid coupling only at a speed of not
more than 10 km/h. For connecting the hitch on the tractor there is a towing device.
Towing the tractor strictly follow traffic rules!
ATTENTION! Usage of towing fork for tractor lifting is not allowed
ATTENTION! During tractor lifting by ring nuts it may move forward or backward by up to
1.5 m!
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section J. Transportation and storage
J2
TRACTOR STORING
Preparation to long-term storing includes:
• Wash the tractor.
• Put the tractor under the shed or in premises.
• Squirt all lubrication points:
• FDA;
• HSC;
• RHS;
• Drain the oil from the crankcase of a diesel engine, power transmission, hydraulic tank,
wheel gears, FDA housings and fill fresh clean oil.
• Drain the fuel from the fuel tank and fill with 5 liters of preservative fuel.
• Start the diesel for 3 ... 5 minutes for the filling of the fuel system.
• Lower RHS to its lowest position.
• Remove the battery, charge and store in a dry ventilated area at 15 ... 20 °. Monthly check
and, if necessary, recharge the battery.
• Jack front I rear axles and set a stand for unloading of tires. Reduce tire pressure to 70% of
normal.
• Drain the coolant from the cooling system of a diesel engine and the cab heating system. • Loosen the fan belt tension; • Close with cover the hole of the exhaust pipe. • Drain the sediment from the coarse and fine fuel filters.
Section J . TRACTOR DISPOSAL
Disposing the tractor after the end of its life (operation term) do the following:
• drain and recycle (in established order) oils from the engine, FDA and transmission cases, HHS and HSC tank;
• drain and put in a container intended for storage coolant from the engine cooling system and cab heating system
• drain fuel from fuel tank to special container for storing; • drain the dreg from coarse-mesh and fine filters; • completely disassemble the tractor classifying all parts by non-metallic, steel, iron,
aluminum, non-ferrous and precious metals and recycle them.
Performing TM and repair works, recycle all the drained petroleum liquids, replaced parts and units classifying them by structure.
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section L . Appendix
L 1
Table L1
List of electric equipment
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section L . Appendix
L 2
Ending of table L1
Belarus-322/422/622. Operating manual. Section L Appendix
L 3
BFKарус-322/422/622. Operating manual
. SectionL .
Wiring diagram (page 2)
Appendix
L 4