Belden Cable 101 Presentation

8/8/2019 Belden Cable 101 Presentation

1/152


2/152

CABLE 101CABLE 101

The Basics of Wire &

Cable

Copyright 2007, Belden Inc.


3/152

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS AWG Solid

Stranded

Drawing

Annealing

Conductors Unilay

Concentric Bunched

Flexibility

Flex life

Lay

Breaking strength Skin effect


4/152

CONDUCTORSCONDUCTORS


5/152

AWG SIZEAWG SIZE


6/152

CONDUCTOR MATERIALSCONDUCTOR MATERIALS

Copper Copper covered

steel

Copper alloys

Aluminum

Plating: Tin, silver


7/152

TIN OR SILVER COATEDTIN OR SILVER COATED


8/152

STRANDING


9/152

SOLIDSOLID


10/152

STRANDEDSTRANDED


11/152

CONDUCTORCONDUCTOR

COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION

Solid Stranded

Concentric

Unilay

Bunch

Unistrand


12/152

BUNCH STRANDINGBUNCH STRANDING


13/152

CONCENTRICCONCENTRIC


14/152

UNILAYUNILAY


15/152

FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY The ease with which a conductor can be bent.


16/152

FLEX LIFEFLEX LIFE The ability of the conductor to bend repeatedly

without breaking.


17/152

LENGTH OF LAYLENGTH OF LAY The number of twists in a conductor.


18/152

Increasing the number ofstrands increases:

Flexibility

Flex life Cost


19/152

BREAKING STRENGTHBREAKING STRENGTH

The pulling force, expressed in pounds, thatwill cause a conductor to fracture.


20/152

SKIN EFFECTSKIN EFFECT

As the frequency increases, the flow ofelectrons move to the surface or skin of the

conductor.

Bare Copper

Copper Covered Steel

Silver plated copper covered steel


21/152


22/152

CABLE 101CABLE 101The Basics of Wire &

Cable



23/152

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS Insulations

Jacket

Capacitance

Attenuation

Velocity of

propagation Dielectric strength

Dielectric constant

Working voltage

Elongation

Tensile strength

Flexibility

Flammability

Resistance Specific gravity

Dielectric


24/152

KEY MATERIALS KEY MATERIALS Halogens

Non-Halogens

Thermoplastic

Thermosetting

PVC

Polyethylene Polyurethane

Polypropylene

Silicone rubber

FEP

Tefzel

Neoprene

Hypalon


25/152

INSULATIONS & INSULATIONS &

JACKETSJACKETS


26/152

INSULATIONINSULATION

Insulation separates conductors,electrically and physically, within a

cable.


27/152

ELECTRICALELECTRICAL

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

Primary Insulation Capacitance

Attenuation

Velocity of propagation

Dielectric strength

Working voltage

Dielectric constant


28/152

CAPACITANCECAPACITANCE

A measure of the insulations ability tostore electrical energy.

Generally, lower capacitance (pf/ft)equates to higher performance cable.

Expressed in picofarads per foot--andcompounded linearly with length.


29/152

ATTENUATIONATTENUATION

A measure of the cables loss ofelectrical energy.

Expressed in dB/unit length and iscompounded linearly with length.

OC


30/152

VELOCITYVELOCITY OFOF

PROPOGATIONPROPOGATION

The transmission speed of an electricalsignal through a length of cable

compared to the speed of light in a

vacuum.

Expressed as a percentage of the speed

of light.

High Velocity % = Lower losses


31/152

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT Electrical property used to determine Capacitance,

Velocity of Propagation, Impedance and relative

performance of the insulating material.


32/152

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

Symbol: Er Very important for electronic cables

Lower Er = Lower capacitance, Higherimpedance, Lower attenuation.

Air is best dielectric (Er = 1) Adding air to (foaming) any material

lowers its dielectric constant.


33/152

DIELECTRIC STRENGTH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH

The materials ability to withstandvoltage breakdown.

Expressed in Volts (V) or Kilovolts(KV)


34/152

WORKING VOLTAGEWORKING VOLTAGE

Maximum voltage allowable by UL tobe applied to the cable.

Expressed as AC Volts (V) orKilovolts (KV)

PHYSICALPHYSICAL


35/152

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

Elongation Tensile strength

Temperature rating Flexibility

Flammability

Resistance

Specific gravity


36/152

ELONGATIONELONGATION

Description of how far the materialwill stretch before breaking.

Expressed as a percentage (%) Ultimate elongation = breaking point


37/152

TENSILE STRENGTHTENSILE STRENGTH

Description of how much force it takesto break the insulation or jacket

material.

Expressed in pounds per square inch

(PSI)

Ultimate tensile strength = breaking

point


38/152

TEMPERATURE RATINGTEMPERATURE RATING

The range of temperatures at which thematerial can be used without

degradation.

Expressed in degrees (C).


39/152

FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY

Ability of a cable to bend. Not to be confused with flex life.


40/152

FLAMMABILITYFLAMMABILITY

Ability of a cable to burn. Construction dependent.

Industry standards apply.


41/152


42/152

SPECIFIC GRAVITYSPECIFIC GRAVITY

The weight of material compared towater

Indicates density of materials used

FORMS OF FORMS OF


43/152

INSULATIONSINSULATIONS Solid

Foam (cellular)

Semi-Solid (air gap)


44/152

SOLID DIELECTRICSOLID DIELECTRIC Easiest to apply

Most common


45/152

FOAMED DIELECTRIC FOAMED DIELECTRIC Does not apply to

jackets

Nominally 50% voids

Velocity ofPropagation 70-84%

Dielectric constant

1.64

S SO C C


46/152

SEMISEMI--SOLID DIELECTRICSOLID DIELECTRIC

Does not apply to

jackets

Lowest dielectric

constant 1.4 Mostly air

Used on RG-8 coax,

RG62 type coax

O SPROPERTIES


47/152

PROPERTIESPROPERTIES

Voltage resistant

Quiet

Oil resistant

Low loss

Low gloss

Low Temperature Flame resistant

U. V. stable

High temperature

Bright colors

Critter proof

Low signal emission

Abrasion resistance

Burial cable Glow in the dark

HALOGENS VS NONHALOGENS VS NON


48/152

HALOGENS VS NON HALOGENS VS NON

HALOGENSHALOGENS

HALOGENS

Efficient

Good electricals

Good dielectric

Good physicals

Easy to compound Processable

NON-HALOGENS

Inefficient

Poor electricals

Poor dielectric

BIG effect on physicals

Low smoke No acid


49/152

THE JACKETTHE JACKET

The jacket physically protects theinternal components of a cable,

improves the cables appearance and

provides flame retardancy.

Protects from the environment

Protects from the rigors of installation


50/152

THERMOPLASTICTHERMOPLASTIC

Thermo = Heat Plastic = Formable

Thermoplastic materials will meltwhen hot enough


51/152

THERMOPLASTICTHERMOPLASTIC

Lower in cost Lighter weight

Easier to color Better electrically

Most popular


52/152

THERMOPLASTICTHERMOPLASTIC PVC

Polyethylene

Polypropylene

Polyurethane

PVDF

Halar

Tefzel

FEP

TFE

PVCPVC


53/152

PVCPVC

POLYETHYLENEPOLYETHYLENE


54/152

POLYETHYLENEPOLYETHYLENE


55/152

POLYPROPYLENEPOLYPROPYLENE


56/152

FEPFEP


57/152

POLYURETHANEPOLYURETHANE


58/152

TEFZELTEFZEL


59/152

THERMOSETTHERMOSET Thermo = Heat

Set = fixed

Thermoset materials do not melt whenheated

Once cured cannot be recycled likethermoplastics


60/152

THERMOSETTHERMOSET More flexible ( at room and lower

temperatures)

Limp and lay flat


61/152

THERMOSETTHERMOSET Natural rubber

SBR

Neoprene Hypalon

EPDM Silicone rubber

SILICONE RUBBERSILICONE RUBBER


62/152

SILICONE RUBBERSILICONE RUBBER

NEOPRENENEOPRENE


63/152

NEOPRENENEOPRENE


64/152

HYPALONHYPALON


65/152

A New Benchmark In Multimedia Cable Performance


66/152

MediaTwist


67/152

Imagine

A UTP cable that supports

Telephone

Fax

T-1 Switched 56

ISDN

100baseT

FDDI/TP-PMD

Gigabit Ethernet


68/152

Imagine...

and it also supports

RS-232

RS-422

RS-485 Smart House

10baseT

Token Ring 155/622 ATM

ISDN

Analog Audio

Analog Video

AES/EBU Digital Audio

Digital Video

270 Mbps Video(135MHz)

Analog Broadband to Channel

45 (354 MHz) up to Channel 70(500 MHz)

Shared Sheath Applications


69/152

A Breakthrough in Cable Design

Advanced Manufacturing Technology

* Bonded Pair Technology

* Unique crescent shape design locks each pair into place

* Pair movement is minimized during installation

* Provides stable crosstalk and impedance performance after installation

Unique Shape Offers Stable Electricals Even


70/152

Unique Shape Offers Stable Electricals Even

After Installation


71/152

Balanced design

* Conductors both made together, with identical properties

* Provides long term stability and performance

* Patented manufacturing process


72/152

Balancing Crosstalk and Attenuation

Network Equipment Looks For Strong Clean Signals, Not NEXT

Exceptional Physical Uniformity


73/152

Non Impedance Averaged

Conductor to ConductorConductor to ConductorConductor to Conductor


74/152

UniformityUniformityUniformity

Unbonded Cat 5 After Installation


75/152

Bonded Cat 5 After Installation


76/152

Impedance Stability Even After Installation


77/152


78/152


79/152


80/152


81/152


82/152

Electrical Improvements Above Category 5


83/152

MediaTwist


84/152

UtilizesStandard

Connectivity


85/152


86/152


87/152

Attenuation and


88/152

Humidity Issues

With Patch

Cables


89/152


90/152


91/152

Cable 101Cable 101

The basics of wire &cable


K TK T


92/152

Key TermsKey Terms Shield

Shield effectiveness

Beldfoil

Braid shield French braid

Duofoil

Duobond

Serve shield

Slot

Z-fold Crosstalk

Coupling

ShieldingShielding


93/152

Shi ldShi ld


94/152

ShieldShield Contains electrical energy so that the

signal on the cable does not radiate and

interfere with signals in other nearby

cables and circuitry.

Protects the signal from external

interference.

Shield EffectivenessShield Effectiveness


95/152

A shields ability to maintain signal

integrity in a noisy environment:

Industrial factory floor

High concentration of electrical

equipment

Secure communications

Shielding MaterialsShielding Materials


96/152

Metallic foil

Braid

French braid

Spiral (serve)

Semi-conductive

Selection FactorsSelection Factors


97/152

Required shield effectiveness

Flexibility Flex life

Ease of stripping and termination Mechanical strength

Resistance to corrosion Temperature requirements

Cost

Beldfoil ShieldBeldfoil Shield


98/152

BELDFOIL SHIELDBELDFOIL SHIELD


99/152

100% coverage

Low cost Thin and light weight

Easy to terminate Can be color coded

Most effective at high frequencies Very good flexibility and good repeated flex

life

SLOTSLOT


100/152

SHORTING FOLDSHORTING FOLD


101/152

ZZ--FOLDFOLD


102/152

Patented Design

Superior Shield Effectiveness

DUOFOIL SHIELDDUOFOIL SHIELD


103/152

Improved Shield Reliability and Flex Life

Provides an Additional Interference Barrier

Lower Shield Resistance


104/152

DUOBOND SHIELDSDUOBOND SHIELDS


105/152

Faster, easier, reliable termination

Maintains integrity

Prevents moisture

CROSSTALKCROSSTALK


106/152

Undesirable transfer of energy from

one cable member to another.

BRAID SHIELDSBRAID SHIELDS


107/152

Good flexibility and flex life

Most effective at low frequencies



108/152



109/152

Good strength,flexibility, and flex

life

40% - 98% Coverage

FRENCH BRAIDFRENCH BRAID


110/152

FRENCH BRAIDFRENCH BRAID


111/152

Belden patented design

Combines benefits of serve and braid

Superior flex life & flexibility of serve

Coverage and consistency of braid

Ease of termination

PIG TAILINGPIG TAILING


112/152

SPIRAL (Serve) SHIELDSSPIRAL (Serve) SHIELDS


113/152

Superior flexibility

and flex life

Up to 97% coverage Audio applications

only

SPIRAL or SERVE SHIELDSSPIRAL or SERVE SHIELDS


114/152

Audio applications only

COMBINATION FOIL &COMBINATION FOIL &

TINNED COPPER BRAIDTINNED COPPER BRAIDSHIELDSSHIELDS


115/152

Maximum shield

effectiveness

100% foil coverage Strength

Low DC resistance

TINNED COPPER BRAIDTINNED COPPER BRAIDSHIELDSSHIELDS

DUOBOND PLUSDUOBOND PLUS


116/152

Exceptional high shield integrity

FOIL/BRAID/FOIL/BRAIDFOIL/BRAID/FOIL/BRAID

COMBINATIONCOMBINATION


117/152

COMBINATIONCOMBINATION

TYPES OF INTERFERENCETYPES OF INTERFERENCE


118/152

EMI

RFI

EMIEMI


119/152

Braid shields most effective

For very lowest frequencies only conduit iseffective

Resistance of shield critical Foil shield resistance is too high (foil is

thin)

RFIRFI


120/152

Foil shields most effective

Braid shields become wavelengthdependent

Holes in braid let high frequencies in or out.

BROAD BAND COVERAGEBROAD BAND COVERAGE


121/152

Braid for low frequencies

Foil for high frequencies


122/152


123/152

CABLE 201CABLE 201


124/152

Structured Cabling for theUniversity Environment


KEY TERMSKEY TERMS


125/152

Downtime

Installation proof

MediaTwist

Bonded pairs TIA/EIA 568A

ACR

Headroom

Zo Fit impedance

NEXT

Reading, Writing, Arithmetic,

and Belden


126/152

Structured Cabling for the UniversityEnvironment

Technology Gains Have Changed the

Educational Environment Forever


127/152

State of the art networks

for students and faculty Dorms, lecture halls, and

administration areas

conducive to high techlearning

Laptops for incoming

students

Implementation of

campus wide Intranets

Data, Video, and Voiceaccessible to all

As the Network Improves, SoShould Your Infrastructure


128/152

Cabling represents

70% of downtime 5% of network cost is

cable related

The average system

crashes 23.6 times a

year Downtime costs range

from $1,000 to

$50,000 per hour

Proper Cable Selection Will Lower

the Life Cycle Cabling Cost


129/152

What is your network migration plan?

What is important when choosing a cable?

Is Category 5 cabling the best for you?

Do you have a warranty on your currentcabling infrastructure?

Has your cable been installed in accordancewith standards?

Belden Adds Value to YourInfrastructure

N d


130/152

New patented

technology Installation proof

cable

Long term

performance

End user is focus ofnewest products

Imagine...

O bl h h dl ll f UTP


131/152

One cable that handles all of your UTP

needs One cable that outperforms all other UTP

designs One cable that adds value to your

infrastructure One cable that has proven performance

above the current standard

Introducing...


132/152

The Industry StandardTIA/EIA 568A

Mi i b d


133/152

Minimum based

standard Distance limited

Frequency limited

Category 5 cabling has

hit a wall

Applications demandhigher performance

criteria on UTP cables

MediaTwistBreaks the Barriers

Proven Performance


134/152

Proven Performance

above 100MHz Electrical Performance

Unmatched

Distance Gains

Multimedia

Applications Lifetime Warranty

Proven PerformanceBeyond Category 5

135 MHz Digital


135/152

*Proposed transmission scheme. Under review by standards committee.

135 MHz Digital

Video 155MHz ATM

167MHz Gigabit

Ethernet*

Broadband Video to

550MHz/77 channels

A New Crescent Shaped Design


136/152

Performance is locked in place

Lock in with Belden

All four pairs are isolated from each other


137/152

All four pairs are isolated from each other

Pairs movement restricted inside jacketwhen cable is installed

Cable is not susceptible to the rigors ofinstallation practices

Cable can be bent and flexed more than anytraditional round design

Electrical Advantages toMediaTwist


138/152

Improved Attenuation

Improved Power Sum Crosstalk

True ACR/Headroom

Impedance Control Offered Only by Belden

ATTENUATION

Loss of signal strength


139/152

Loss of signal strength

Measured in Decibels (db)

3db represents a 50% loss of signal strength

Lower Attenuation equates to a strongersignal

Length dependent As frequency increases, Attenuation

increases exponentially

MediaTwist Improves Attenuation

Optimal Insulations


140/152

Optimal Insulations

5 to 20% improvementin Signal Strength

Longer distances

Higher Frequencies

Secures your financial

investment

Near End Cross Talk (NEXT)

The coupling of a signal from one pair to


141/152

The coupling of a signal from one pair to

adjacent pair or pairs Measured in Decibels (db)

Higher NEXT means less noise interference As frequency increases, NEXT increases

exponentially

How Do We Achieve BetterNEXT?

Proximity of


142/152

Proximity of

pairs

Varied laylengths

Tighter twists

Belden Improves NEXT


143/152

200% improvement over typicalenhanced CAT 5 cables

Pair proximity improved through isolation Acts like four cables under one jacket

Ideal design for simultaneous applications

ACR and Headroom

Attenuation to Crosstalk ratio


144/152

Attenuation to Crosstalk ratio

Measured in Decibels (db)

High ACR represents a strong signal and

low noise Headroom represents enhanced ACR above

Category Five standard True ACR is a balance of attenuation and

NEXT

Belden Provides a True Gain inACR and Headroom

Improvements in both


145/152

p

Attenuation andNEXT

Many manufacturers

improve only NEXT

Dont be fooled by the

illusion of their claimsto improving

ACR/Headroom

Physicals=Electricals

Unbonded Pair


146/152

Traditional manufacturing

designs allow for waveringconductor to conductor spacing

Tension placed on conductors

may not be consistent

Pairs can loosen up during

manufacturing, installation, and

connectorization

Center to center spacing caneasily change on unbonded

constructions

Bonded Pair

Impedance

Measured in Ohms


147/152

Cabling dimensions must be controlled toinsure stable impedance

Frequency NOT length dependent Its what the other guys dont like to talk

about

Impedance Values Can BeMisleading to the Customer

Zo-fit Impedance


148/152

Illusion of a passingcable

Averaged

Impedance just

doesnt cut it at

high frequencies Graded on a curve

With Belden, Why Be Averaged?

Uses no computer


149/152

aided function Values are true

representation of

cables impedance

Most balanced cable

on the market Easy migration to high

frequencies

MediaTwistCan You Top This?

Up to 20% better


150/152

Attenuation 567% improvement in

capacitance unbalance

200% improvement in

power sum NEXT

110% improvement inAttenuation-to-

Crosstalk Ratio

Belden Has the Future in Mind

Applications over 100Mhz


151/152

Bulletproof during installation

Electrical characteristics unsurpassed

Lifetime Warranty Ideal for shared sheath

Graduate with Honors


152/152

Cable with Confidence

Date post:	10-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	jerans
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

Belden Cable 101 Presentation

Documents