7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 1/82
Tim Wallaert
Chris Jenkins
Substation
Communications
Design -
Legacy to IEC 61850
Part 2/3:
Practical Application
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 2/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 2
Your Utility Customer Tells You
!"#$%# '()*+ (,% -)%./ 012 34567 .,8./9/)(* 9*' :# :9*/ ;(, /(
'#.)+* /<# =(>>,*)=9/)(* )*-%9./%,=/,%# /( .,??(%/ )/@
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 3/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 3
What do you do now???
AB C9D# /<# E(8
FB G9*)=
2B C%; /( /9HD /<#> (,/ (- )/
IB C#HH /<#> ;(, D*(: <(: /( '#.)+*
/<#> 9 +%#9/ =(>>,*)=9/)(*)*-%9./%,=/,%# -(% 012 34567 J:)/<
<#H? -%(> ?%#.#*/9/)(*. .,=< 9.
/<).KL
1B AHH (- /<# 98(M#
What Do You Do Now?
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 4/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 4
Here’s What We Are Going to Cover (and Why)
N "<; /<# ,/)H)/; ). )>?H#>#*/)*+ 012 34567OJ.( ;(, D*(: :<9/ /<#; <(?# /( +#/ (,/ (- )/KL
N 012 34567 PM#%M)#:OJ.( ;(, =9* .?#9D /<#)% H9*+,9+#L
N 1*M)%(*>#*/9H 2(*')/)(*.OJ.( ;(, =9* ,*'#%./9*' :<; /<# #*M)%(*>#*/9H %#Q,)%#>#*/. 9%# )>?(%/9*/)* .#H#=/)*+ 9 .:)/=<L
N 2(>>,*)=9/)(* R#Q,)%#>#*/.OJ.( ;(, =9* '#.)+* 9 .(H,/)(* /<9/ :)HH :(%DL
N S#/:(%D A%=<)/#=/,%#.OJ.( ;(, =9* .#H#=/ /<# %)+</ (*# -(% /<# E(8L
Topics Covered in this Presentation (and Why)
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 5/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 5
What is IEC 61850?
N 012 34567 ).O
A ./9*'9%' -(% =(>>,*)=9/)(* *#/:(%D. 9*' .;./#>. -(% ?(:#% ,/)H)/; 9,/(>9/)(*
I#-)*#. 9* 9??H)=9/)(*T-(=,.#' 9%=<)/#=/,%#
I#-)*#. #*M)%(*>#*/9H =(*')/)(*.
C%9*.H9/#. 9HH )*-(%>9/)(* )*/( '9/9 >('#H. 89.#' (* ./9*'9%' *9>)*+ =(*M#*/)(*
1--)=)#*/ #*+)*##%)*+ ?%(=#.. (- 9* 9??H)=9/)(* 9*' )*/#+%9/)(* (- '#M)=#. -%(>
>,H/)?H# M#*'(%.
U,=< >(%# /<9* E,./ 9 =(>>,*)=9/)(* ?%(/(=(H
N 012 34567 ). SPCO A +,9%9*/## (- )*/#%(?#%98)H)/; 9>(*+ ')--#%#*/ M#*'(%.
What is IEC 61850?
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 6/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 6
ProjectStage
IEC 61850 Feature Utility Benefit
I#.)+* V,8./9/)(* 2(*-)+,%9/)(*
W9*+,9+# JV2WL
1H)>)*9/#. ?%(=,%#>#*/ 9>8)+,)/; X
+#/ 9==,%9/# Q,(/#.
0*./9HH I9/9 9M9)H98H# /( 9HH '#M)=#.
(* WAS
R#',=#. :)%)*+ =(./. J*( >(%# ?()*/
/( ?()*/ :)%)*+L
V/9%/,? R#',=#' >9*,9H
=(*-)+,%9/)(* (- '#M)=#.
W(:#% =(>>)..)(*)*+ =(./.
P?#%9/# I9/9 9M9)H98H# /( (/<#%
.,8./9/)(*.
")'# 9%#9 ?%(/#=/)(* .=<#>#. 9%#
*(: ?(..)8H#
U9)*/9)* I#M)=# ./9/,. '9/9 G%#M#*/ ,*?H9**#' '(:*/)>#
Y?+%9'# V9># *9>)*+ =(*M#*/)(* )*.)>)H9% '#M)=#.
S#: '#M)=#. 9''#' :)/<(,/ =(./H;%#:(%D
F(//(> H)*#Z Y/)H)/)#. =9* '( >(%# :)/< /<#)% .,8./9/)(* 9,/(>9/)(* -(% H#..
Why Does the Utility Care??
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 7/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 7
N IEC 61850
N Environmental Conditions
N Communication Requirements
N Network Architecture
Topics?
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 8/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 8
N [#*'(%T89.#' AH./(> 2(,%)#%
AFF VGA
V)#>#*. G%(-)8,.
V=<*#)'#% U('8,.
N V/9*'9%' ISG\ J>(./H; S(%/< A>#%)=9L
012 375]7 J>(./H; 1,%(?#L
N G%(8H#>
G%(?%)#/9%; ./%,=/,%#.
I)--#%#*/ -,*=/)(*9H)/;
S( )*/#%(?#%98)H)/;
Historical Substation Protocols
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 9/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 9
IEC 61850GOAL: One International Standard
IEC 61850 and UCA2
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 10/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 10
!C<# 012 ). /<# :(%H'^. H#9')*+ (%+9*)_9/)(*
/<9/ ?%#?9%#. 9*' ?,8H).<#. 0*/#%*9/)(*9H
V/9*'9%'. -(% 9HH #H#=/%)=9H` #H#=/%(*)= 9*'
%#H9/#' /#=<*(H(+)#. a =(HH#=/)M#H; D*(:* 9.
#H#=/%( /#=<*(H(+;@
IEC 61850: 2PUUYS02AC0PS S1C"PRbV ASI VcVC1UV
dPR GP"1R YC0W0Cc AYCPUAC0PS
International Electro Technical Commission
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 11/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 11
Power Utility control system reference architecture from IEC TC 57
V(,%=#Z 01234567T4
34e]7fe35
A??H)=9/)(*
=(>>,*)=9/)(*
3g\64
V#=,%)/;
IEC TC57 System Reference Architecture
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 12/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 12
N A ./9*'9%' -(% =(>>,*)=9/)(* *#/:(%D. 9*' .;./#>. -(% ?(:#% ,/)H)/;
9,/(>9/)(*
N I#-)*#. 9* 9??H)=9/)(*T-(=,.#' 9%=<)/#=/,%#
N I#-)*#. #*M)%(*>#*/9H =(*')/)(*.
N C%9*.H9/#. 9HH )*-(%>9/)(* )*/( '9/9 >('#H. 89.#' (* ./9*'9%'
*9>)*+ =(*M#*/)(*
N 1--)=)#*/ #*+)*##%)*+ ?%(=#.. (- 9* 9??H)=9/)(* 9*' )*/#+%9/)(* (-
'#M)=#. -%(> >,H/)?H# M#*'(%.
N U,=< >(%# /<9* E,./ 9 =(>>,*)=9/)(* ?%(/(=(H
What is IEC 61850?
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 13/82
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 14/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 14
Basic Idea:
2(>?H#/# '#.=%)?/)(* (- 9 /#=<*)=9H .;./#>
J#B+B V,8./9/)(*L 89.#' (* 9* (8E#=/T(%)#*/#' >('#H
S(/ *#:` 8,/ )* /<). ')>#*.)(* 9*' D)*' (- 9??H)=9/)(*
M#%; )**(M9/)M#
Reference model for information flow in the configuration process
V(,%=#Z 01234567T3Zg747
Modeling
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 15/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 15
1*+)*##%
'#M#H(?.
C((H =%#9/#.Z B..'
hB..'i
..'Z .,8./9/)(* .?#=)-)=9/)(* '#.=%)?/)(*
)='Z )#' =9?98)H)/; '#.=%)?/)(*
.='Z .,8./9/)(* =(*-)+,%9/)(* '#.=%)?/)(*
V(,%=#Z YC0**(M9/)(* j S#//#'A,/(>9/)(*
C((H =%#9/#.Z B.='
hB.='i
k
kk
hB)='ihB)='i
hB)='i
V)#>#*.
A%#M9l
l
l
AFF
The Substation Configuration Language
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 16/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 16
UUVZ U9*,-9=/,%)*+ U9..9+)*+ V?#=)-)=9/)(*
0*/#%*9/)(*9H ./9*'9%' .)*=# g77\
The Standard IEC 61850 - Edition 1
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 17/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 17
IEC 61850 ongoing work in IEC TC57
1m/#*.)(*. (- /<# #m)./)*+ ./9*'9%'. J1')/)(* gL A''%#..#. 9'')/)(*9H /(?)=.Z
?9%/ ]Tn47 o;'%(#H#=/%)= ?(:#% ?H9*/. T 2(>>,*)=9/)(* -(% >(*)/(%)*+ 9*'=(*/%(H
?9%/ ]Tng7 2(>>,*)=9/)(*. .;./#>. -(% ')./%)8,/#' #*#%+; %#.(,%=#. JI1RL
?9%/ 57T4 p,)'#H)*# /( #m=<9*+# )*-(%>9/)(* -%(> 9 2I2 89.#' '9/9 >('#H,.)*+
012 375]7T6T474f47n ?9%/ e7T4 Y.)*+ 012 34567 -(% /<# =(>>,*)=9/)(* 8#/:##* .,8./9/)(*.
?9%/ e7Tg Y.)*+ 012 34567 -(% /<# =(>>,*)=9/)(* 8#/:##* .,8./9/)(*. 9*'=(*/%(H =#*/%#.
?9%/ e7T\ 2(*')/)(* U(*)/(%)*+
?9%/ e7Tn 2(>>,*)=9/)(* S#/:(%D 1*+)*##%)*+ p,)'#H)*#
?9%/ e7T6 Y.# (- 012 34567 /( /%9*.>)/ .;*=<%(?<9.(% )*-(%>9/)(*
C9%+#/Z 9??%(M9H )* g74g T g74\
IEC 61400-25Z Communications for monitoring and control of wind
power plants
89.#' (* 012 34567
The Standard IEC 61850 - Edition 2
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 18/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 18
Communication Network Engineering Guideline
G%(M)'#. '#-)*)/)(*. 9*' .?#=)-)=9/)(*.
-(% /<# 1/<#%*#/ *#/:(%D 9%=<)/#=/,%# (-
012 34567 89.#' .;./#>.B
Hirschmann Is an Active Contributor IEC 61840
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 19/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 19
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 20/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 20
IEC 61850 Traffic Classes
MMS, GOOSE, SV
Station Bus and Process Bus
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 21/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 21
Network Engineering Guideline
Criteria to be considered when
planning a substation network
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 22/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 22
Network Engineering Guideline
Introduction to Ethernet
specific aspects
J=98H)*+` ?<;.)=9H H9;#%` -)H/#%)*+`q(V` [WAS.` %#',*'9*=;L
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 23/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 23
Network Engineering Guideline
Reference Topologies for
station bus and process bus
J./9%` %)*+` 8,.` >#.<` OL
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 24/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 24
Network Engineering Guideline
IP addressing schemes
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 25/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 25
Network Engineering Guideline
Latency and delay aspects
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 26/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 26
Traffic management
J>,H/)=9./ =(*/%(H` .#+>#*/9/)(*`
[WAS >9*9+#>#*/L
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 27/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 27
Time synchronization
J,.# (- SCG` GGV` 0R0pTF` GCGL
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 28/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 28
Network management
J,.# (- VSUG` 34567 .#%M)=#.L
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 29/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 29
Testing the communication
network
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 30/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 30
Case studies:
IEC 61850 project examples
Network Engineering Guideline
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 31/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 31
o)%.=<>9** ). 9=/)M#H; :(%D)*+ )* >9*; ./9*'9%')_9/)(*
(%+9*)_9/)(*.Z
N U#>8#% (- DKE K 952 Jp#%>9* *9/)(*9H =(>>)//##
rS#/_H#)//#=<*)D!L
N U#>8#% (- IEC TC57 WG10 JG(:#% .;./#> 01I
=(>>,*)=9/)(* 9*' 9..(=)9/#' '9/9 >('#H.L
N U#>8#% (- IEC SC65C WG 15 Jo)+< AM9)H98)H)/;
A,/(>9/)(* S#/:(%D.L
N U#>8#% (- IEEE1588 JV/9*'9%' -(% 9 G%#=).)(* 2H(=D
V;*=<%(*)_9/)(* G%(/(=(H -(% S#/:(%D#' U#9.,%#>#*/
9*' 2(*/%(H V;./#>.L
N 2(*/%)8,/)*+ /( IEEE PSRC H7 J0111 4655 G%(-)H# -(% G%(/#=/)(* A??H)=9/)(*.L
N "(%D)*+ )* IEEE802.1 JWASfUAS V/9*'9%'. 2(>>)//##L
Hirschmann Contributes to Many Standards
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 32/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 32
N IEC 61850
N Environmental Conditions
N Communication Requirements
N Network Architecture
Contents
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 33/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 33
Substation Environmental Conditions
N 1H#=/%)= -)#H'.
N U9+*#/)= -)#H'.
N 1H#=/%(./9/)= ').=<9%+#
N o)+< #*#%+; ?(:#% .,%+#.
N p%(,*' ?(/#*/)9H %).# ',%)*+ +%(,*' -9,H/.
N C#>?#%9/,%# j <,>)')/;
N [)8%9/)(*
N 2(*'#*.9/)(*
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 34/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 34
Some More Examples
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 35/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 35
RFI Immunity Requirements
N 012 34567T\ 2(>>,*)=9/)(*. V;./#>. 9*' S#/:(%D. )*V,8./9/)(*. JV#=/)(* 6B]L
N 0111 434\ T 0111 V/9*'9%' 1*M)%(*>#*/9H 9*' C#./)*+
R#Q,)%#>#*/. -(% 2(>>,*)=9/)(*. S#/:(%D)*+ I#M)=#. )* 1H#=/%)=
G(:#% V,8./9/)(*.
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 36/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 36
EMI for Substations
N 012 34567T\ 2(>>,*)=9/)(*. S#/:(%D. 9*' V;./#>. )*V,8./9/)(*. X G9%/ \Z p#*#%9H R#Q,)%#>#*/.B
N General immunity standard:
IEC 61000-4-x series basic immunity standard
IEC 61000-6-2/-4 for industrial devices
IEC 61000-6-5 special enhancements for substations
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 37/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 37
EMI Immunity Requirements
2(>>,*)=9/)(*. S#/:(%D. 9*'
V;./#>. )* V,8./9/)(*. X G9%/ \Zp#*#%9H R#Q,)%#>#*/.
0>>,*)/; -(% G(:#% V/9/)(* 9*'
V,8./9/)(* 1*M)%(*>#*/.
F9.)= 0>>,*)/; V/9*'9%'.
IEC 61000-6-5
IEC 61000-4-x Series
IEC 61850-3
IEC 61000-6-2/-4 -(% )*',./%)9H '#M)=#.
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 38/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 38
Climatic Requirements – IEC 61850
4B 2H9.. AZ 9)%T=(*')/)(*#' H(=9/)(*.
gB 2H9.. FZ <#9/#' (% =((H#' #*=H(.#' =(*')/)(*.
\B 2H9.. 2Z .<#H/#%#' H(=9/)(*.
nB 2H9.. IZ (,/'((% H(=9/)(*.
Class C Operating Temperature Ranges:
4B 2H9.. 24Z T6 /( kn6s2
gB 2H9.. 2gZ Tg6 /( k66s2
\B 2H9.. 2\Z Tn7 /( k]7s2
nB 2H9.. 2mZ V?#=)9H J'#-)*#' 8; >9*,-9=/,%#%L
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 39/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 39
What about the network equipment?
N S( !./9*'9%'@ .,8./9/)(* .:)/=<N C<# *#/:(%D .<(,H' *(/ 8# /<# :#9D#./ H)*D
N V:)/=<#. >,./ ?9.. /<# .9># 1U0 /#./. 9. /<# 01I.
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 40/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 40
Transmission Media
Fibre
0>>,*)/; /( #H#=/%)=9H )*/#%-#%#*=#
AM()'9*=# (- +%(,*' H((?.
W9%+# 89*':)'/<
1m/#*'#' ')./9*=#.
N Copper
2(*/%(H %((> =98)*#/.
W)*D. /( 01I.
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 41/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 41
N IEC 61850
N Environmental Conditions
N Communication Requirements
N Network Architecture
Contents
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 42/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 42
V(,%=#Z "(%D)*+ I%9-/ 012 CR
34567Te7Tn
Logical communication substation
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 43/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 43
Logical communication substation
N Vertical
F9; /( V,8./9/)(* H#M#H
2(*/%(H 9*' >(*)/(%)*+
2H)#*/ f V#%M#%
Low priority
N Horizontal
C)># =%)/)=9H '9/9 8#/:##* 01I.
A,/(>9/)(*
High priority
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 44/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 44
V(,%=#Z YC 0**(M9/)(*` S#//#' A,/(>9/)(*
Communication- conventional cabling (yesterday)
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 45/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 45
Substation – Station bus LAN / Process level conventional (today)
V(,%=#Z YC 0**(M9/)(*` S#//#' A,/(>9/)(*
Communication - Station bus LAN
Process bus conventional (today)
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 46/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 46
Substation – Station and Process LAN (tomorrow)
Communication- Station and Process LAN (future)
V(,%=#Z YC 0**(M9/)(*` S#//#' A,/(>9/)(*
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 47/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 47
Power ------------ T&D Network --------------- Consumer
Generation
37T577D[
\T\7D[
Power Distribution - In the Past
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 48/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 48
Power Plants
2(*M#*/)(*9H
V(H9%
")*'
d,#H 2#HH
Consumer
0*',./%;
o(,.#<(H'
Distribution
network
Generation / Consumer
Power Distribution - In the Future (present)
Power Plants
2(*M#*/)(*9H
V(H9%
")*'
d,#H 2#HH
Consumer
0*',./%;
o(,.#<(H'
Distribution
network
Generation / Consumer
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 49/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 49
N I#=#*/%9H)_#' ?(:#% +#*#%9/)(* ). )*=%#9.)*+ ./%(*+H;
G<(/(M(H/9)=
")*' #*#%+;
2(>8)*#' <#9/ 9*' ?(:#%
d,#H =#HH.
F)(>9..
o;'%( ?(:#%
N V/%(*+ -H,=/,9/)(*. (- ?%(',=#' #*#%+; %#.,H/. )* *##' (-
D#=#*/%9H)_# E*#%+; M9*9+#>#*/ S;./#>
/( 89H9*=# .,??H; 9*' '#>9*' )* %#9H /)>#
l VUARC pR0I
IT and communication are necessary
V(,%=#Z 1"1 Ap
Decentralized Power Generation and
Smart Grid
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 50/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 50
IEC 61850 Communication
UUV l U9*,-9=/,%)*+ U#..9+)*+ V?#=)-)=9/)(*
pPPV1 l p#*#%)= P8E#=/ P%)#*/#' V,8./9/)(* 1M#*/
N UUVZ >(*)/(%)*+'#M)=# )*-(%>9/)(*
N UUVZ R#?(%/.U9*9+#>#*/U9*9+#>#*/
N 1/<#%*#/Z 012 34567pPPV1rd9./ 1M#*/rd9./ 1M#*/
N 1/<#%*#/Z V9>?H#'[9H,#.V#*.(% '9/9V#*.(% '9/9
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 51/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc51
IEC 61850 Communication today
V9>?H#' [9H,#. 9*' pPPV1Z o)+< UA2 U,H/)=9./ /%9--)=
C('9;Z pPPV1 U,H/)=9./. (* V/9/)(* H#M#H 9??%(mB 47Tg7 '#M)=#.
*#/:(%D ,*=%)/)=9H
V(,%=#Z YC0**(M9/)(* j S#//#'A,/(>9/)(*
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 52/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc52
Adaptive GOOSE Transmission Time
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 53/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc
53
4. 4. 4>. 47>. 477>. 4. 4.
1M#*/
(==,%.
4>.4>.
V#//)*+. 9??H)=9/)(* .?#=)-)=V<(%/#./ pPPV1 /%9*.>)..)(* /)># 4>. J/%)?H#TpPPV1L
C)>)*+ %#Q,)%#>#*/ 4g>.Z 9??H)=9/)(* 9??H)=9/)(*
#M#*/ %#9=/)(*
H)+</*)*+ ./%)D# (?#* ?%(/#=/)(* %#H9;
Adaptive GOOSE Transmission Time
Status
sent
New status
sent
Status
sent
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 54/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 54
• G%)(%)/)_9/)(*
• >,H/)=9./
GOOSE (G#*#%)= O8E#=/ O%)#*/#' S,8./9/)(* EM#*/L
GOOSE protocol
Fast and efficient communication
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 55/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 55
IEC 61850 Communication future
d,/,%#Z V9>?H#' [9H,#. 9*' pPPV1 =(>>,*)=9/)(* M)9 1/<#%*#/ *#/:(%D *#: /#=<*(H(+; *#=#..9%;
V(,%=#Z YC0**(M9/)(* j S#//#'A,/(>9/)(*
*##' -(% )*/#HH)+#*/
U,H/)=9./ =(*/%(HJUURGL /( <9*'H# V[
9*' pPPV1
"(%D)*+ +%(,?
J34567Te7TnL
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 56/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 56
IEC 61850 Communication
V#*.(% '9/9Z V9>?H#' [9H,#.
U#%+)*+ Y*)/
V#*.(%.
V;*=<%(*)_#',.)*+ 01114655
V(,%=#Z YC0**(M9/)(* j S#//#'A,/(>9/)(*
[(H/9+#`
=,%%#*/`
?<9.)*+`O
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 57/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 57
BCZ ?()*/ /( ?()*/ .;*=<%(*)_9/)(*`=9.=9')*+ (- =(*/%(H H((?.
TCZ =(%%#=/. (*H; %#.)'#*=# /)>#`
/%9*.?9%#*/ -(% #*' '#M)=#.
Jp%9*'>9./#%̀ U9./#%` P%')*9%;
2H(=DL
A C2 =9,.#. H#.. E)//#% )* <)+<H;
=9.=9'#' *#/:(%D.
GM BC BC BC OC
synchronises synchronises synchronises synchronises
cascaded boundary clocks
GM TC TC TC OC
synchronises
cascaded transparent clocks
IEC 61850 Communication –
IEEE1588 Time Synchronization
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 58/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 58
IEC 61850 Communication
Sensor data: Sampled Values
19=< .#*.(% '9/9 ?9=D#/ .<(,H' %#9=<
/<# '#./)*9/)(*K J9/ H#9./ #9=< .#=(*'L
V?#=)9H %#Q,)%#>#*/. -(% /<# %#',*'9*=;
S( '9/9 H(.. 8#=9,.# (- %#=(M#%; /)>#.K
S( %#=(M#%; /)># ). 9==#?/98H#
RVCG` URG (% 9*; (/<#% 9M9)H98H# /#=<*(H(+;
'(#. *(/ -,H-)HH /<# %#Q,)%#>#*/.B
O,? /( *(:
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 59/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 59
N IEC 61850N Environmental Conditions
N Communication Requirements
N Network Architecture
Contents
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 60/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 60
Network topologies
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 61/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 61
Network topologies
The standard describes several topologies:
“ These reference topologies were chosen based on common practice insubstation automation systems ranging from small distribution systems to
large multi-voltage level substations. They are representative of the
various networking issues described in this document.
There is no ‘best’ network topology and no ‘best’
redundancy protocol.
They all have strengths and weaknesses and the correct
choice for a given application depends on many factors.” V(,%=#Z 01234567 S#/:(%D 1*+)*##%)*+ p,)'#H)*#
Included in the Guideline are
Topologies:
V/9%` R)*+ f U,H/)TR)*+ 9*' '(,8H# *#/:(%D.B
C<#%# ). *( =H#9% %#=(>>#*'9/)(* 8,/ 9 /%#*' /( %)*+ ./%,=/,%#.B
Redundancy technologies:
RVCG X 012 3gn\eT4GRG
oVR
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 62/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 62
Cascade Architecture
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 63/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 63
Ring Architecture
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 64/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 64
Star Architecture
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 65/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 65
Hybrid Architecture
V/9% R)*+
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 66/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 66
Based on RSTP
MRP + SRM?
Ring Extension: Sub-Ring Concept
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 67/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 67
!"#$%&
'($)*$+*"
,)-."
!""" #$%&'( )$*
+,- ./0/1/2-345*67 (8+45.59
1848.5( '::$
!""" #$%&';%$$< %*
/%010.0* 20,1 .3%%"-1 41$-5$%5 678).$* %".0-9):
=>? =0+,,8,2 >955 ?9/./@/1
A=>? A+08( =0+,,8,2 >955 ?9/./@/1
BA?
B9/**C5.D/9E A5(F,(+,@-
?9/./@/1 !"B G%<):<H%$'$
'* D/9*. @+*5 I/9 J'% 5,(
,/(5*
>D/ ./0 15K51 *D8.@65* D8.6 *.+97
18,5 /9 98,2 ./0/1/285* %$$L
+,- ./0/1/2-345*67 (8+45.59
1848.5( %$$<
+,- ./0/1/2-3 (F018@+.5(
,5.D/9E* %$$L
MA? M5+@/, A5(F,(+,@- ?9/./@/1 !"B G%<):JH%$'$
<&&* D/9*. @+*5 I/9 J$$
5,( ,/(5*
98,2 '::#3%$$L
;A?;8*.98NF.5(
A5(F,(+,@-
?9/./@/1 !"B G%<):GH%$'$'$$4*
D/9*.
@+*5
I/9
J$
*D8.@65* 98,27 (/FN15 98,2 %$'$
OA? O5(8+ A5(F,(+,@- ?9/./@/1 !"B G%<):%H%$'$
%$$4* D/9*. @+*5 I/9 J$
*D8.@65*
98,2 %$'$
P+*. OA? O5(8+ A5(F,(+,@- ?9/./@/1 !"B G%<):%H%$'$
)$4* D/9*. @+*5 I/9 J$
*D8.@65*
'$4* D/9*. @+*5 I/9 'J
*D8.@65* 98,2 %$'$
Q0.848R5(
A=>? A+08( =0+,,8,2
>955
?9/./@/1
!""" #$%&';%$$< S@/,I82F9+.8/,
95TF89545,.* (5*@98N5( 8, !"B
G%<):'H%$'$U J&&&%$4*
059
*D8.@6
+,- ./01/2-3 (F018@+.5( ,5.D/9E* %$'$
V=A
V826WK+81+N818.- =5+415**
A5(F,(+,@- !"B G%<):)H%$'%$L $4* 98,2 %$'$
?A? ?+9+1151 A5(F,(+,@- ?9/./@/1 !"B G%<):)H%$'%$L $4*
J4L ?%#T./9*'9%' o)?#% R)*+ .)*=# 4ee5` URG .)*=# g77]JgL ?%#T./9*'9%' d9./ o)?#% R)*+ .)*=# g77]
Comparison of Redundancy Protocols
defined in IEC62439
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 68/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 68
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
Zero failover – duplicated networksZero failover – duplicated networks
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (G9%9HH#H Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 69/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 69
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
3
C:( %#',*'9*/ *#/:(%D.
F; '(,8H)*+ /<# ?9=D#/. *( '9/9 H(.. )- (*# ?9=D#/ -9)H.
GRGTR#',*'9*=;TF(m l 8)')%#=/)(*9H .?H)//#% 9*' =(>8)*#%
3e
GRG R#=#)M#%
R#' F(m g
G(%/ A
G(%/ F
W9* A
W9* F
GRG V#*'#%
R#' F(m 4
Zero failover – duplicated networksZero failover – duplicated networks No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 70/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 70
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
Zero failover – duplicated networksZero failover – duplicated networks
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 71/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 71
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
DAN DAN
Zero failover – duplicated networksZero failover – duplicated networks IAS T I,9H 9//9=<#' *('#)>?H#>#*/)*+ GRG
VAS T V)*+H# 9//9=<#' *('#.
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 72/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 72
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with RSTPZero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with RSTP
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 73/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 73
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with MRPZero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with MRP
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 74/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 74
MRP
MRP
Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with MRPZero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with MRP
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 75/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 75
Wireless LAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SANMRP
BAT-R BAT-R
Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with wirelessZero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with wireless
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 76/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 76
Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with wireless
Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with wireless
Wireless LAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
SAN
RSP RSP
BAT-R BAT-R
BAT-R BAT-R
Wireless LAN
2.4 GHz WLAN
5 GHz WLAN
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 77/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 77
Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with MRP and several „Red boxes“Zero failover – duplicated networksexample standard LAN with MRP and several „Red boxes“
MRP
MRP
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 78/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 78
communication connections:*#/ 4`g`n`6 *#/ 4`g`\`n`6`3
*#/ \ *#/ 4`g`\`n`6 *(/ 3
*#/ 3 *#/ 4`g`n`6`3 *(/ \
Net 1
Net 2
Net 3
Net 4
Net 5
Net 6
IEC62439 Redundancy
PRP – (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 79/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 79
Zero failover Redundant RingZero failover Redundant Ring
HSR (High Available Seamless Ring)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 80/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 80
PRP
Packet
PRP
Packet
HSR (High Available Seamless Ring)
No packet loss
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 81/82
© 2014 Belden Inc. | belden.com | @BeldenInc 81
IEC 61850 Server
U9*9+#>#*/ (- V:)/=<#. 8; ,.# (- 012 34567 U#=<9*).>.
IEC 61850
Services
IEC 61850 SCADA
Workstation
IEC 61850 Integration in Switches
7/18/2019 Belden - Substation Communication Design - P2 - Practical Applications
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/belden-substation-communication-design-p2-practical-applications 82/82
Additional Resources & Assistance
4B P8/9)* -,%/<#% V,8./9/)(* 2(>>,*)=9/)(* %#.(,%=#. -%(> (,%:#8.)/#Z
:::B8#H'#*B=(>f?(:#%T/'f
C<). :#8?9+# )*=H,'#. .,8./9/)(* =(>>,*)=9/)(* ')9+%9>. 9*' (/<#% ,.#-,H /((H.
\B 2(*/9=/ 9 F#H'#* %#?%#.#*/9/)M# -(% 9..)./9*=#Z 29HH 647Tn\5Te7]4 )- ;(, 9%# )* /<# YBVB (% 29*9'9
P% =(>?H#/# /<# -(%> 9/ :::B8#H'#*B=(>f=(*/9=/f
Thank you for your interest in this presentation!