Belkin Piano Technique

8/19/2019 Belkin Piano Technique

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General Principles of Piano TechniqueAlan Belkin

Dec. 20, 2009

Contents:

Introduction 2A personal note 2Who should read this? 2Cautionary notes 2Assumptions 3Sound: touch and tone 3Pedaling 4Rhythm and tempo 5

What maes a great pianist? 5

!o" to learn the music 5The musical conception 5#earning the notes 6Chaining: putting the piece together 7Practicing 7

Technical principles 9Characteristics of coordinated mo$ement 9The fingers and the hand 9Positions and alignment 11Shifts and #eaps 14%ingering 15Impulse groups 16&ody rhythm 18Refining rhythmic impulse playing 19%ine control: playing $ery slo"ly and softly 20Tension pro'lems 20(irtuosity 20

Performing in pu'lic 21

Sources 22

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http:**alan'elinmusic+com*Piano*PianoTechnique+html

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p://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Great_Pianistshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Learningthemusichttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Learningthemusichttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#musical_conceptionhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#musical_conceptionhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#learning_noteshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#learning_noteshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#chaininghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#chaininghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#practicinghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#practicinghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Technical_Principleshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Technical_Principleshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Coordinated_movementhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Coordinated_movementhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Fingers_Handhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Fingers_Handhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Positions_and_Alignmenthttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Positions_and_Alignmenthttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Sudden_Shiftshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Sudden_Shiftshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#fingeringhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#fingeringhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Impulse_Groupshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Impulse_Groupshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Body_Rhythmhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Body_Rhythmhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Refining_Rhythmic_Impulse_Playinghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Refining_Rhythmic_Impulse_Playinghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#fine_controlhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#fine_controlhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Tensionhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Tensionhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Virtuosityhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Virtuosityhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Performinghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Performinghttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#sourceshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#sourceshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/PDF/4Etudes.pdfhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/MP3/Et1.mp3http://alanbelkinmusic.com/MP3/Et2.mp3http://alanbelkinmusic.com/MP3/Et3.mp3http://alanbelkinmusic.com/MP3/Et4.mp3http://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Intro


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Introduction

A personal note

/ #!ar!e" my mu#ical li&e a# a %iani#! an" com%o#er. A&!er many year# o& %iano #!u"y, / ean !o

%lay !*e oran, an" "i" no! %lay !*e %iano aain &or many year#. Finally / *a" !*e mean# !o %urc*a#e a eau!i&ul S!einay, an" no / *ae come ack !o my mu#ical *ome. A! &ir#! / reiee" re%er!oire /*a" %reiou#ly %laye", u! / ra"ually moe" !oar"# more "i&&icul! ork#, *ic* / *a" alay# an!e"!o %lay, u! neer ma#!ere". -*i# le" !o an in "e%!* re!*inkin o& my !ec*niue many !*in# eole" orc*ane" com%le!ely. My ork on !*e#e a"ance" %iece# le" me !o &a#cina!in "i#cu##ion# i!* %iani#!colleaue# an" &rien"#, an" al#o !o lo!# o& ne rea"in. -*i# e##ay i# !*e re#ul! o& !*e#e c*ane#. /canno! claim !o %roi"e !*e ri*! ay !o %lay !*e %iano, u! / can #ay !*a! !*ere i# no!*in in *ere /*ae no! !rie" ou! my#el&' ery!*in / #ay *ere *a# a! lea#! orke" &or me. -*i# i# !*u# a %er#onal"ocumen! a# #uc* i! i# #uec! !o c*ane. / am a oo" %iani#!, u! no! a rea! ir!uo#o !*ere&ore mycommen!#, e#%ecially in !*e #ec!ion on ir!uo#i!y, #*oul" e !aken i!* a rain o& #al! -*i# e##ay ill e u%"a!e" o&!en, #o %lea#e #ee !*e "a!e on !*e &ir#! %ae.

Who should read this?My oec!ie *ere i# !o %re#en! eneral %rinci%le# o& %iano !ec*niue. Al!*ou* !*e#e %rinci%le#

are &un"amen!al, !*i# e##ay i# no! mean! &or einner#. )iano %layin i# a ery com%le men!al an"mo!or #kill a einner *a# #o muc* !o e! accu#!ome" !o !*a! *e ill no! e ale !o a%%recia!e or a%%lyall !*e#e %oin!# a! once. $i# !eac*er, *oeer, mu#! main!ain a loal ie, !o %reen! *im &rom&ormin a" *ai!#.( -*e %iani#! *o ill &in" !*i# e##ay mo#! u#e&ul i# one *o i# alrea"y %layinin!erme"ia!e re%er!oire, u! *o an!# !o moe &ur!*er !oar"# mu#ical an" !ec*nical ir!uo#i!y.

Cautionary notes

• /! i# no! ea#y !o communica!e %*y#ical moemen!# an" coor"ina!ion# i!*ou! i#ual an" !ac!ile&ee"ack. /"eally, !*e #!u"en! no! only nee"# !o #ee #omeone "emon#!ra!in *a! i# "e#crie",

u! al#o !o &eel !*e #en#a!ion# *ic* o alon i!* !*e "i#cu##ion $oo" !eac*er# o&!en"emon#!ra!e #en#a!ion# y %layin on !*e *an" or arm o& !*e #!u"en!(, an" al#o !o *ear !*ere#ul!#. en!ually, / *o%e !o %roi"e i"eo eam%le# !o accom%any !*e !e!.

• /! i# im%or!an! !o "i#!inui#* "e#cri%!ion# o& *o %iano %layin &eel# !o !*e %iani#!, &rom *a! a %iani#! i# ac!ually "oin. en rea! %iani#!#+ "e#cri%!ion# o& *a! !*ey are "oin may e ro##lyinaccura!e &rom a #cien!i&ic %oin! o& ie. For eam%le, o&!en one rea"# aou! aimin &orcom%le!e relaa!ion. A# a #cien!i&ic "e#cri%!ion, !*i# i# non#en#e' om%le!e mu#cularrelaa!ion only *a%%en# a&!er "ea!* )iano %layin reuire# mu#cle !one, an" een mu#culare&&or!. :*a! i# ein "e#crie" *ere i# *o a oo" %iani#! look# an" &eel#' unin*ii!e", i!*ou!ece## !en#ion. A !alen! &or %layin !*e %iano i# no! !*e #ame a# a !alen! &or !eac*in, or een &oraccura!e o#era!ion. :i!*in an!*oloie# o& "i#cu##ion# an" in!erie# i!* rea! %iani#!#, !*e

"i&&erence# e!een *a! !*ey #ay aou! !ec*niue are a! !ime# almo#! comical. ;ne %iani#!#ear# y &ie *our# o& #cale# %er "ay ano!*er #ay# #cale# are u#ele##. ;ne %iani#! #ay#!ec*niue i# all aou! relaa!ion, ano!*er #ay# *e #!ay# &i! an" mu#cle" like an acroa!. An" eenamon oo" !eac*er#, %e"aoically u#e&ul imae# may no! e #cien!i&ically accura!e.


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• neen ac!ion, %oor re%e!i!ion, incon#i#!en! e#ca%emen!, e!c., ill only leae you on"erin i&!*e %rolem i# you or !*e %iano. /& you are #eriou# aou! ecomin a oo" %iani#!, #%en" a &e*un"re" "ollar# !o e! your %iano reula!e" y a oo" !ec*nician i! i# an e##en!ial ine#!men!.

Assumptions

/ make cer!ain a##um%!ion# *ere aou! !*e %*y#ical #i"e o& %iano %layin. Al!*ou* #ome may"i#aree, !*e#e a##um%!ion# are &airly i"ely acce%!e" y many &ine %iani#!#.

• Any %*y#ically normal %er#on can ac*iee a &airly *i* leel o& !ec*nical %ro&iciency, ien oo"!eac*in an" enou* %rac!ice. -*i# "oe# no! mean !*a! anyo"y can e a rea! %iani#!, u! !*a!!*e %*y#ical #kill# reuire" !o naia!e !*e keyoar" are no! #o "i&&icul! a# !o eclu"e mo#! %eo%le.

• )iano %layin #*oul" neer cau#e %*y#ical %ain, or "o %*y#ical "amae !o !*e %iani#!. /& i! "oe#$an" %roi"e" !*ere i# no %re=ei#!in me"ical %rolem( you are "oin i! ron

• -*e eneral %rinci%le# ien *ere are i"ely a%%licale, *oeer !*e "e!ail# o& *ic* %o#i!ion#an" moemen!# !o em%loy in a ien #i!ua!ion ill ary accor"in !o !*e in"ii"ual. )eo%le+# o"ie# "i&&er. Al#o, !*ere are acce%!ale aria!ion# in many #i!ua!ion#.

• -*e "i&&icul!ie# in %iano %layin mainly inole learnin &ine coor"ina!ion#, no! uil"in#!ren!*. )re##in "on %iano key# i# no! a #!renuou# ac!ii!y. $-*e eakne## o& !*e &our!*&iner i# no! really a mu#cular %rolem u! ra!*er a %er&ec!ly normal ana!omical #i!ua!ion.(

• -*e !o mo#! im%or!an! cri!eria remain' = Doe# i! #oun" mu#ically conincin? = /# i! %*y#ically com&or!ale?

Sound: touch and tone

“Piano tone colour thus depends not on a single note, but on the combination and

interrelation of tones”. $Samuel Feiner(

A or" i# nee"e" *ere aou! !*e i##ue o& !one, !*e ay !*e %iano ac!ually #oun"#. A%ar! &rom!*e uali!y o& !*e in#!rumen! i!#el& $an" o& !*e !ec*nician( !*e %iani#! "irec!ly con!rol# ery &e a#%ec!#o& any #inle no!e+# #oun"'

• *en !*e no!e #!ar!# an" #!o%#,• *o uickly i! i# *i! $eloci!y(,• *e!*er or no! i! i# %e"ale".

-*a! i# all So *y "oe# eery rea! %iani#! *ae a %er#onal, reconi@ale #oun"? :*a! make#&or a eau!i&ul !one? -*e an#er# "e%en" on !*e rela!ion#*i%# e!een !*e no!e#, #ucce##ie an"#imul!aneou#. By &ar !*e mo#! common eakne## in %iani#!# *o are !ec*nically rela!iely %ro&icien!, u! *o#e #oun" i# unim%re##ie, i# "ue !o unim%or!an! no!e# in a line receiin un"ue accen!#, an" !oin#u&&icien! "i#!inc!ion e!een %lane# o& !one, e.. melo"y an" accom%animen!.

• -*e !imin, rela!ie lou"ne##, an" !*e "ura!ion o& !*e #ucce##ie no!e# i!*in a %*ra#e, !*e ay#o& connec!in !one# = ariou# "eree# o& #e%ara!ion or oerla%, %e"ale" an"or &inere",corre#%on"in !o !*e #*a%e an" c*arac!er o& !*e line = crea!e ar!icula!e, #ininC line. )layin*ere all no!e# are eual #oun" "ea" an" mec*anical.


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• -*e !imin, rela!ie lou"ne##, an" "ura!ion o& no!e# #oun"in #imul!aneou#ly crea!e mul!i%le %lane# o& !one, alloin !*e %iani#! !o #ue#! arie" mu#ical !e!ure#. Some !e!ure# reuirecon#i#!en! %lane# o& !one oer a *ole %*ra#e, e.. rinin ou! a melo"ic line o!*er# reuirea"u#!in cer!ain no!e#c*or"# in rela!ion !o o!*er in"ii"ual no!e#c*or"#, e.. oicin a c*or"

!o momen!arily rin ou! a mi""le oice, %layin !*e !o% no!e# o& an ar%eio a# re#onance !o!*e loer one#, e!c. A# anyone *o *a# li#!ene" !o a com%u!er %roram %layin a %iano %iecekno#, c*or"# *ic* are unoice" = all !*e no!e# are %laye" eually = #oun" ri!!le an" *ar#*.

-*e %iani#! !*u# nee"# !o "eelo% a "oule #en#i!ii!y !o #oun"' mu#ical an" %*y#ical. Aain,!*i# #en#i!ii!y i# muc* more aou! rela!ion#*i%# e!een !one# !*an aou! in"ii"ual no!e#.

Sinin !one i# an im%or!an! oal &or a %iani#!. o can !*i# e accom%li#*e"? -o un"er#!an"!*i#, e nee" !o com%are !*e %iano an" !*e oice. Siner# con!rol a no!e all !*rou* i!# eolu!ion, no! u#! a! i!# a!!ack a %iano canno!. Siner# mu#! #!o% reularly !o rea!*e %iani#!# can o on muc* loneri!*ou! #!o%%in. -*e#e &ac!# *ae im%or!an! im%lica!ion#'

• on no!e# on !*e %iano mu#! e %laye" #ome*a! lou"er !*an #*or!er no!e#, !o ie !*em ac*ance o& #u#!ainin.

• Siner# neer acci"en!ally accen! #*or! no!e# *ic* &ollo a lon no!e' -*e lo## o& rea!* make#!*i# unna!ural &or !*em. For a %iani#!, #uc* accen!# *a%%en all !oo ea#ily. -*e %iani#! mu#! li#!enall !*e ay !*rou* !*e lon no!e#, #o a# !o correc!ly aue !*e ne! no!e+# &orce. >nin!en"e"accen!#, on unim%or!an! no!e#, ill ruin !*e ocal c*arac!er o& a %*ra#e.

• Eo !o #ucce##ie no!e# are eer alike *en #un. -*ere&ore, oerly eual %layin on !*e %ianoneer #oun"# ocal. ac* no!e+# &orce mu#! e %ro%or!ional !o i!# %lace in !*e %*ra#e.>n"er#!an"in !*e mu#ical #!ruc!ure i# e##en!ial $al!*ou* !*i# oe# eyon" !*e #co%e o& !*i#e##ay(.

• -*e &eelin o& rea!*in a! %*ra#e %oin!# can e #imula!e" on !*e %iano y reularly #!ar!in neim%ul#e rou%#.

Pedaling*o%in $in #ome #ource#, i#@!, or An!on uin#!ein( i# re%u!e" !o *ae #ai" !*a! !*e $ri*!(

#u#!ainin %e"al i# !*e #oul o& !*e %iano. -*e key i# !o !*ink o& !*i# %e"al a# a re#onance con!rol, no! u#! a #u#!ain #i!c*. )e"alin rea!ly in&luence# !*e oerall #oun" o& !*e %iano, an" ill al#o ary i!*!*e room, !*e in#!rumen!, !*e mu#ical conce%!ion, e!c. -*e #u#!ain %e"al i# no! u#! an o&&on #i!c*, u!, on a ell reula!e" in#!rumen!, u#ale in many ra"a!ion#, !o o!ain ariou# "eree# o& lea!o an"re#onance. Su!le!ie# o& %e"alin inclu"e'

• Gauin !*e lou"ne## o& #ucce##ie no!e#c*or"# i!*in one *armony, accor"in !o !*e remainin %e"al re#onance, #ome!ime# calle" %layin on !*e oer!one#.

• >#in #*or! a#*e# o& %e"al !o #ue#! #u!le ackroun" %lane# o& !one, a""in "e%!* an"ric*ne## !o !*e #oun" a! key momen!# in a %*ra#e.

• >#in !*e %e"al %rore##iely i!*in a %*ra#e, !o crea!e a re#onan! cre#cen"o.• ;%enin !*e "am%er# com%le!ely e&ore %layin, #ome!ime# !o %ick u% re#onance &rom o!*er

in#!rumen!# e&ore #!ar!in !o %lay, e.. in c*amer mu#ic.

For more "e!aile" in&orma!ion on %e"alin, in ariou# #!yle#, #ee !*e ook y Ho#e%* Banoe!@,in !*e iliora%*y.

http://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Impulse_Groupshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#sourceshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Impulse_Groupshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#sources


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5

Rhythm and tempo

Mu#ical r*y!*m i# in!ima!ely rela!e" !o %*y#ical r*y!*m, *ic* *a# i!# oriin in re%e!i!iemoemen!# $like alkin( an" rea!*in. A oo" mu#ician mu#! e ale !o main!ain a #!ale !em%o, u!!*i# "oe# no! mean %layin mec*anically. -*ere i# a oo" "eal o& mi#conce%!ion aroun" !*i# %oin!, #o i!

i# or!* clari&yin. Many rea! mu#ician# *ae in#i#!e" !*a! !em%o mu#! e &lui" I e.. Bee!*oenJ#ela#!ic ea!C, or *o%inJ# "e#cri%!ion o& !em%o rua!oC. -*i# mean# !*a! aroun" a a#ic, #!ale, %ul#a!ion, !*ere ill e ery #li*! an!ici%a!ion# an" *e#i!a!ion#, accor"in !o !*e mu#ical c*arac!er an"#!ruc!ure. For o!* !ec*nical an" mu#ical rea#on#, !*e %iani#! nee"# !o rea!*e a! ca"ence#, an" een a!ariou# #maller ar!icula!ion# i!*in a %*ra#e. -*i# reuire# a""in ery #mall amoun!# o& !ime. -*ereare al#o %lace# *ere een a %iani#! i!* a %er&ec! !ec*niue ill !ake a li!!le e!ra !ime, &or eam%le*en lea%in e!een !o "i&&eren! rei#!er# &rom one %*ra#e !o ano!*er, or *en %a##in &rom a erylou" %a##ae !o a muc* #o&!er one. i#!enin !o, #ay, a com%u!er %lay #uc* %a##ae# i!*ou! micro= %au#e#, make# i! clear !*a! !*ey #oun" or#e *en %laye" a#olu!ely eenly, no! e!!er.

)+&+ -*e li#!ener mu#! neer no!ice !*e#e micro=r*y!*mic c*ane# a# any!*in o!*er !*anmu#ical %*ra#in. /& !*e li#!ener &eel# !*a! !*e !em%o *a# c*ane", you are !akin !oo muc* !ime.

What maes a great pianist?-*i# e##ay i# mean! &or %eo%le *o loe !*e %iano an" *o an! !o im%roe !*eir %layin.

oeer, i! i# or!* remin"in our#ele# *a! make# a !ruly rea! %iani#!, aoe an" eyon" normalmu#icali!y an" %*y#ical #kill. :*en *earin ar!i#!# like Mic*elaneli, ic*!er, Gilel#, oroi!@, $!oname only &our / *ae *ear" in %er#on( an" o!*er #uc* ma#!er# a! !*eir e#!, *a! #!rike# one a##ur%a##in aou! !*em i#'

• ea#e' -*e !ec*niue, *oeer !ran#cen"en!, i# no! &el! a# #ome!*in "i#!inc! &rom !*e mu#ic• %er#onali!y' -*e %iani#! *a# an in"ii"ual, eau!i&ul, #oun"• #im%lici!y an" "irec!ne## o& line' Mu#ical in!ellience *ol"# !*e ork !oe!*er, an" communica!e#

i! a# a #inle, uni&ie" #!a!emen!• #en#i!ii!y' ery "e!ail i# ien i!# ri*!&ul %lace !*ere i# al#o meanin&ul arie!y o& "e!ail• ric*ne## o& !e!ure' Mul!i%le mu#ical %lane# o& !one ie a #en#e o& "e%!*• eci!emen!, u! alay# un"er con!rol• emo!ional rane' Grea! %iani#!# can conincinly %lay mu#ic o& many "i&&eren! #!yle# an"

c*arac!er#• an" &inally, !*e rare#! uali!y o& all' -*e aili!y !o #%eak, in!ima!ely, !o in"ii"ual memer# o& !*e

au"ience, no ma!!er *o i !*e *all, no ma!!er *o many are %re#en!.

#earning the music

The musical conception

“The 'what' determines the 'how'”. $-*e Ar! o& !*e )iano, einric* Eeu*au#, %. 12, Frenc*e"i!ion(.

-ec*niue i# mean# !o an en". Al!*ou* !*ere i# #ome!ime# an acroa!ic a#%ec! !o %iano %layin,!*e %iano re%er!oire i# enormou#, an" &ille" i!* ma#!er%iece#, no! all o& *ic* are #*oy. Al#o, een ali*!, acroa!ic %iece can e %laye" i!* eleance an" %anac*e. -*e aim i# alay# !o %lay !*e mu#ic,an" !*e mu#ic i# more !*an u#! !*e no!e#. -*e %iani#!+# moemen!# an" %o#i!ion# "e%en" no! u#! on !*erela!ion#*i% e!een *i# o"y an" !*e %*y#ical layou! o& !*e key#, u! al#o on !*e c*arac!er o& !*e %a##ae, !*e !em%o, $inclu"in #u!le &leiili!y *ere nee"e"(, "eci#ion# aou! *ic* no!e# nee"


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em%*a#i# an" *ic* "o no!, !*e rela!ion o& ariou# %lane# o& !one $e.. melo"y an" accom%animen!(,an" #o &or!*. Deci#ion# aou! moemen!# *ic* are ma"e i!*ou! re&erence !o mu#ical i##ue# can onlylea" !o cru"e, in#en#i!ie %layin. -ec*niue i# e#! !*ou*! o& a# an e&&icien! ay o& u#in !*e %iani#!+# o"y, in !*e #erice o& a clear mu#ical conce%!ion.

eali@in a mu#ical conce%!ion concre!ely *a# !*ree #!ae#'1. /maine !*e "e#ire" mu#ical re#ul!.2. Fin" a %*y#ically com&or!ale coor"ina!ion !o make i! real.3. Aurally c*eck !*e re#ul!, an" a"u#! a# nee"e" $&ee"ack(.

#earning the notes

:*en learnin a ne %iece, !*e %iani#! *a# !o no! only rea" !*e no!e#, u! al#o !o learn !*em %*y#ically. ;iou#ly, !*e e!!er your un"er#!an"in o& !*e mu#ical %a!!ern# = &orm, *armony, e!c. = !*e&a#!er you ill learn !*em in !*e mu#ic. /n learnin a! !*e %iano, meanin&ul mu#ical %a!!ern# ill"e!ermine !ec*nical c*oreora%*y. A# a a#ic %rinci%le, aim !o learn !*e mu#ic y mu#ical uni!#' %*ra#e#, oice#, an" #ec!ion#, ra!*er !*an, #ay, a %ae or a line a! a !ime. /! i# o&!en u#e&ul !o learn !*eno!e# a! #lo !o mo"era!e #%ee", %layin ra!*er &irmly, alay# re#%ec!in !*e r*y!*m. -ry !o learn eac*

#ec!ion a! a con#!an! !em%o, ra!*er !*an #loin "on an" #%ee"in u% accor"in !o !*e "i&&icul!y o&eac* ar' on!rol oer !em%o i# i!al !o oo" mu#ician#*i%. :*en you #%o! a "i&&icul! %a##ae, "o no!re%ea! i! un!il you are #ure o& *o !o e#! orani#e your moemen!# o!*eri#e you ri#k im%rin!inron coor"ina!ion#, *ic* ill u#! make your o *ar"er. e*ear#in !*e#e %a##ae# &ir#! men!ally,aay &rom !*e %iano, allo# you !o !ry ou! ariou# #olu!ion# i!*ou! "eelo%in mu#cle memoryC &or!*e u#ele## one#.

earnin !*e no!e# i# an eerci#e in memory' Kou an! !o rememer *a! i# comin ne!,enou* in a"ance, !o e %ro%erly %re%are" &or i!, %*y#ically an" men!ally, #o a# no! !o ru#* !*ere a! !*ela#! minu!e. -*i# inole# a kin" o& con"i!ionin' Kou crea!e a##ocia!ion# a! key %oin!#, !rierin !*ememory o& *a! come# ne!. Since i! inole# mu#cle memory, i! i# u#e&ul !o kee% !o *an"# %oi#e",li*!ly in !ouc* i!* !*e key#, *ile rea"in !*e mu#ic. emoin !*e *an"# com%le!ely, or com%le!ely

relain !*em, reuire# you !o re=orien! your#el& a! !*e keyoar" in mi"=%*ra#e. elaa!ion %oin!##*oul" !*ere&ore e %lace" in mu#ically loical %lace# &rom !*e #!ar!. /! i# al#o im%or!an! !o %lan !*e#erelea#e %oin!# &rom !*e #!ar!, #o a# !o %ace !*e %er&ormance, an", e#%ecially, !o aoi" uil"u% o&!en#ion. -*e more you are un"er #!re##, e.. "urin a %er&ormance, !*e more nece##ary i! i# !o *ae #uc*a ell learne" #c*eme o& mu#cular rea!*in.

earnin !*e no!e# i# only a &ir#! #!e% !o learnin !*e mu#ic. A# "i#cu##e" aoe, you are aimin!o "eelo% a mu#ical conce%!ion o& !*e %iece. A# !*e conce%!ion ecome# clearer, you ill ra"ually&in" !*e a%%ro%ria!e moemen!# an" #en#a!ion# !o e%re## all !*e a#%ec!# o& !*e mu#ic.

;nce %a#! !*e %reliminary rea"in o& !*e no!e#, your %rac!icin ill c*ane oer !ime. /neneral, !*ere are !o #!ae#'

1. :ork ou! !*e %*y#ical rou%in# $ %o#i!ion# an" alinmen! a# ell a# #*i&!#( reuire". /& !*e #*i&!#

are no! coor"ina!e" in #im%le, oiou# ay# i!* mu#ical %a!!ern#, i! can e u#e&ul !o ac!uallymark !*em in!o !*e mu#ic, !o aoi" con&u#ion e!een i#ual an" %*y#ical rou%in#. A#men!ione" aoe, &or "i&&icul! %a##ae# !*i# i# e#! "one men!ally, aay &rom !*e %iano. ;nly*en you are &airly #ure o& !*e ay your moemen!# mu#! e orani#e" #*oul" you einin!en#ie %*y#ical %rac!ice.

2. :ork ou! *a!eer o"y r*y!*m# are reuire". -*e#e mu#! e &ir#! %rac!ice" #loly an" !*en, i&!*e mu#ic i# &a#!, re"uce" in #i@e, a! &ull !em%o. /! may e u#e&ul in com%le %a##ae ork !o&ir#! #im%li&y !*e mu#ic $#ee elo(.

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-*e#e !o #!ae# are no! rii" !*ere i# o&!en moemen! ack an" &or!* e!een !*em. Bu! i! i#im%or!an! !o e aare o& *a! one i# aimin a!, i!* eac* #!ae. are&ul li#!enin i# alay# e##en!ial i!ill o&!en al#o lea" !o re&inin alinmen! an" re&inin o"y r*y!*m.

Chaining: putting the piece together

;nce you *ae orke" ou! an" ma#!ere" !*e arie" !ec*nical coor"ina!ion# reuire" in eac*$#u(#ec!ion o& a ien %iece, !*e ne! #!e% i# !o c*ain !*em !oe!*er. Suc* c*ainin mean# !*a! youare alay# !*inkin o& one moemen! a# a %re%ara!ion &or !*e ne! one. -*e relea#e, or &ollo=!*rou*,o& eac* moemen! i# !ran#i!ie' /! i# "irec!e" !oar"# !*e comin %o#i!ionmoemen!, %*y#icallyre&lec!in !*e con!inui!y o& !*e mu#ic. ;ne moemen! &lo# in!o ano!*er, i!*ou! *ar" #!o%# or #uaree"e# in e!een. A u#e&ul men!al !rick i# !o %re!en" !*a! !*e la#! moemen! or no!e in one rou%cau#e# !*e ne! one.

Al!*ou* one normally #*oul" %rac!ice in mu#ical uni!# = %*ra#e#, mo!ie#, e!c. = a! !*i# #!ae i!may e u#e&ul !o %rac!ice acro## !*em, #ince !*ey een!ually mu#! all e c*aine" !oe!*er con!inuou#ly.oeer, *en orkin acro## rou%# in !*i# ay, i! i# im%or!an! !o kee% %*y#ically an" mu#icallyrea!*in in a%%ro%ria!e %lace#, #o a# no! !o ru#* !*e oin!# e!een %*ra#e#.

Practicing

Be&ore "i#cu##in !ec*nical i##ue# more concre!ely, a &e or"# aou! *o !o %rac!ice.)rac!icin i# learnin, o!* mu#ical an" %*y#ical. )rac!icin i# a mu#ical ac!ii!y, no! u#! re%e!i!ie"rill. All %rac!ice #*oul" aim &or mu#ically #a!i#&yin re#ul!# unmu#ical %rac!ice ill no! lea" !omu#ical %layin. )rac!icin #*oul" al#o ul!ima!ely e "irec!e" a! %er&ormance, o!*eri#e e##en!ial #!e%#may e omi!!e".

-*e a#ic !ool o& oo" %rac!icin i# "irec!e" a!!en!ion. /n eneral, mo"era!e %rac!ice, i!* &ullconcen!ra!ion, lea"# muc* more uickly !o oo" re#ul!# !*an len!*y, min"le## "rill. -*e %iani#!, ine&&ec!, c*oreora%*# *i# min" an" o"y !o moe in a cer!ain ay, a! a cer!ain !ime, men!ally !riere" y #ome!*in #%eci&ic in !*e mu#ic $e..' ;n !*e B a! !*e en" o& !*e %*ra#e, my arm #!ar!# !o moe le&!,

%re%arin !*e #*i&! reuire" &or !*e ne! c*or"(. -*e %rinci%al oal o& %rac!icin i# !o &in" an" im%rin!!*e moemen!##en#a!ion# *ic* relialy an" com&or!aly lea" !o !*e "e#ire" mu#ical re#ul!.-*i# no!ion o& "irec!e" a!!en!ion i# #o im%or!an! !*a! i! meri!# &ur!*er "i#cu##ion. )iani#!ic

"i&&icul!ie# are u#ually limi!e" !o cer!ain %ar!# o& a %iece, or cer!ain #i!ua!ion#. Focu#e" %rac!icinmean# aoi"in "i#!rac!ion, in %ar!icular'

• :ork locally, only on %rolem area#. -*e more you &ocu# your ork on !*e real %rolem, !*e&a#!er you ill #ole i!.

• S!o% an" !*ink' A# :illiam Eeman %oin!# ou!, i! i# e!!er !o *e#i!a!e !*an !o make a mi#!ake. /&,a&!er %layin a %a##ae a &e !ime#, you make a cer!ain mi#!ake con#i#!en!ly, you nee" !o &in"ou! *a! i# ron, an" !o "e!ermine eac!ly *en in !*e mu#ic you nee" !o men!ally %re%are &or!*e correc! moemen!. )rac!ice #!o%%in com%le!ely a! !*a! %oin!, &ocu# on *a!eer nee"# !o e

c*ane", an" only o on *en you are #ure o& e!!in i! ri*!. A&!er a &e !ime#, you ill *aecon"i!ione" your#el& !o !*ink correc!ly a! !*e a%%ro%ria!e #%o!, an" you can make !*e %au#e##maller.

• Fin" ou! eac!ly *a! i# ron, an" inen! a #im%li&ica!ion *ic* ill *el% correc! !*e real %rolem. :*a! i# ron *a# !o a#%ec!#' !*e #oun", an" !*e moemen!#en#a!ion.

• Some!ime# i! i# enou* !o #im%ly %ay a!!en!ion !o !*e #oun" #ome!ime# you al#o nee" !oc*oreora%* a "i&&eren! coor"ina!ion.

• Some!ime#, i! can e u#e&ul !o "o $an" een eaera!e( !*e o%%o#i!e o& a %rolem !o ain con!rolo& i!. For eam%le, / o&!en !en" !o #%ee" u% in "i&&icul! %a##ae ork, e#%ecially i& / am nerou#.


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Technical principles

Characteristics of coordinated mo$ement

)layin !*e %iano i# a ery re&ine" %*y#ical #kill, reuirin e!remely "elica!e coor"ina!ion an"

con!rol. :ell coor"ina!e" moemen!# o& !*e o"y, in any con!e!, *ae !*e &olloin in common'• -*ey are e&&icien! an" economical' -*ey "o no! u#e more enery !*an reuire". Moemen!# are

no larer !*an nee"e". -*e %ar!# o& !*e o"y no! in u#e remain rela!iely uie! an" &ree o& ece##!en#ion.

• -*ey flo" !*ey "o no! &eel aru%! o& erky. S*i&!# &eel prepared, i.e. !*e %iani#! neer &eel#ru#*e" *en e!!in in!o %o#i!ion &or a ien %a##ae. $-*i# can inole ery re&ine" micro=!imin.(

• -*ey are comforta'le, no! in !*e #en#e o& ein ea#y, u! in !*e #en#e o& no! &eelin #!raine".• :*en !*ey are re%ea!e" or %erio"ic, !*ey look an" &eel na!urally rhythmic.• -*ey #!ar! &rom $an", i& nece##ary, re!urn !o( a com&or!ale a#ic o"y %o#i!ion.

-*e#e are oec!ie#, no! #!ar!in %oin!# ac*iein !*e#e oal# reuire# care&ul, concen!ra!e" %rac!ice.

)+&+ /! i# im%or!an! !o reali@e !*a!, neuroloically #%eakin, in*ii!ion i# u#! a# im%or!an! a#eci!a!ion. Al!*ou* noo"y oul" arue !*a! oo" !ec*niue #*oul" &eel in*ii!e", !o ac*ieere&inemen! i!* mo!or #kill# o&!en inole# learnin !o #u%%re## #u%er&luou# or ece## moemen!#.;nce ma#!ere", !*i# in*ii!ion ill o& cour#e no! &eel #!i&&.

The fingers and the hand

/! #eem# !riially oiou# !*a! !*e %iano i# %laye" i!* !*e &iner#. An" in"ee", !*e eolu!ionary#!ruc!ure o& !*e *uman *an" = &our &iner# &or &ine ork, comine" i!* an o%%o#in !*um &orra#%in = "e&ine# many o& !*e %o##iili!ie# an" !*e limi!# o& %iano !ec*niue. -*e %o##iili!y o& ery

uick #ucce##ion#, *ere one &iner &ollo# ano!*er, an" !*e re&inemen! o& #en#a!ion an" o& ac!ion o&*ic* !*e &iner# are ca%ale = !*e#e are amon !*e enalin i&!# eolu!ion *a# %roi"e" !*e %iani#!.-*e einnin %iani#! nee"# muc* ork !o learn %reci#e con!rol o& #ucce##ie an" #imul!aneou# &inermoemen!#.

Becau#e o& !*e re&inemen! o& *ic* !*ey are ca%ale, !*e &iner# are mo#! u#e&ul in %iano %layin &or con!rol o& #u!le "e!ail#, e#%ecially in ac*iein !*e arie!y an" ric*ne## o& #oun", a# ella# !*e con#i#!en! an" #u!le ar!icula!ion *ic* are *ear" in !*e e#! %layin. Mo#! %iani#!# u#e a arie!yo& &iner #!roke#, o&!en inclu"in'

• a iorou# a!!ack $a &iner #la%(, u#e" &or in"ii"ual accen!e" no!e#, or !o #e! o&& im%ul#erou%#. ;&!en ornamen!# $mor"en!#, e!c.( are %laye" in !*i# ay,

• a li*! #cra!c*in or i%in moemen!, u#e" &or non lea!o %layin,•

a more er!ical #!roke, u#e&ul &or a #*ar%er #!acca!o,• a ery ar!icula!e non=lea!o' -*e no!e# are no! connec!e", u! al#o no! ui!e #!acca!o,• lea!o oerla%%in.

De#%i!e !*e con#i"erale %reliminary ork reuire" o& a einner !o ma#!er &iner in"e%en"encean" coor"ina!ion, *e mu#! reali#e !*a! !*e &iner# "o no! ei#! in i#ola!ion' -*ey are a!!ac*e" an"anc*ore" in !*e ri#! an" !*e arm, an", ul!ima!ely, in !*e !runk, #i!!in on !*e %iano enc*. Since !*erane an" !*e #!ren!* o& !*e &iner# alone are ery limi!e", !*e arm i# nee"e" !o moe !*em aroun" !*ekeyoar", an" !o rein&orce !*em *en %oer i# reuire". Fur!*er, a# e #*all #ee elo, !*e %iani#!+#

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o"y $no! u#! !*e arm#( *a# a ery im%or!an! role !o %lay in mu#ic makin in eneral. A oo" ay o&"e#criin !*e a%%ro%ria!e rela!ion#*i% e!een !*e %iani#!+# &iner# an" !*e armo"y i# !o imaine!*em a# alay# &eelin connec!e". >nconnec!e", unroun"e", !*e &iner# are eak an" no! ella"a%!e" !o !*e i"e, #!rai*! line eora%*y o& !*e %iano keyoar".

-*e &iner# canno! &eel connec!e" i!*ou! #u%%or! in !*e *an", #%eci&ically in !*e knuckle an"&iner oin!#' !*e#e #*oul" e &irm, al!*ou* no! !en#e. Some !eac*er# call !*i# #u%%or!e"C %o#i!ion o&!*e knuckle# !*e ri"eC $or arc*C(. Sin# o& lack o& #u%%or! inclu"e colla%#e" knuckle#, an",&reuen!ly, a %um%inC ac!ion *en %layin #inle no!e %a##ae# $*ic* #*oul" really e #moo!*(!*i# make# &or a um%y #oun". For !*e #!u"en! *o *a# !roule ac*iein !*i# &irm ri"e %o#i!ion$*ic* i# e##en!ial &or &ine &iner con!rol(, i! may e u#e&ul !o %rac!ice a%%lyin li*! %re##ure i!* !*eo!*er *an", &rom aoe, on !*e knuckle#. A%%ly u#! enou* re#i#!ance !o &irm u% !*e ri"e ece## %re##ure ill lea" !o #!i&&ne##. :*en %rac!icin !*i# ay, i! i# e#%ecially im%or!an! no! !o &ree@e !*eri#!, a# mu#cular con!rac!ion *a# a na!ural !en"ency !o #%rea". -*e #im%le#! ay !o en#ure !*i# i# !okee% moin' ii"i!y make# &or uly #oun" an" uncom&or!ale %layin.

:*en !*e &iner# are !*u# connec!e" an" #u%%or!e", an" i!* !*e ac!ie %ar!ici%a!ion o& !*elarer uni!# o& !*e o"y, i! i# ea#y !o a"" &orce, !o %o#i!ion !*e &iner# com&or!aly in rela!ion !o !*ekey#, an" !o &eel !*e mu#ic+# r*y!*m in all i!# %*y#ical, e%re##ie %oer.

-*e keyoar" i# orani#e" eome!rically in #!rai*! line# !*e *uman o"y i# no!. -*i#, a# ella# !*e &ac! !*a! !*e mu#ic o&!en crea!e# %a!!ern# *ic* &ollo nei!*er !*e keyoar" nor !*e *an", i# !*e#ource o& %iani#!ic "i&&icul!ie#. ;& !*e !*ree = mu#ic, keyoar", o"y = only !*e o"y can e ea#ilymoe" aroun"

*o%in #eem# !o *ae een !*e &ir#! !o %oin! ou! !*a! ecau#e o& !*e ila!eral #ymme!ry o& !*e*uman o"y, an" al#o ecau#e o& !*e "i&&erin len!*# o& !*e &iner#, !*e #im%le#! an" mo#! na!ural %o#i!ion &or !*e *an"# on !*e %iano i# a%%roima!ely !*a! o& a B maor #cale, in !*e mi""le o& !*ekeyoar", #!ar!in on an" oin u% in !*e ri*! *an", an" #!ar!in on B an" oin "on in !*e le&!*an". -*e loner &iner# re#! on !*e lack key#, an" !*e *an"# mirror eac* o!*er. $Eo!e !*a! al!*ou*!*e *an"# are #ymme!rical i!* eac* o!*er, !*ey are no! #ymme!rical in!ernally' -*e !*um, "e#ine" yeolu!ion !o &unc!ion in o%%o#i!ion !o !*e o!*er &iner#, o&!en nee"# !o &unc!ion a! !*e %iano, aain#! i!#na!ure, #imilarly !o !*e o!*er &iner#. -*i# &ac! i# a! !*e roo! o& many "i&&icul!ie# in %iano %layin.Becau#e !*e *an"# are no! in!ernally #ymme!rical, many %a##ae# inolin al!erna!in u% an" "onmoemen!, e.. *o%in+# !u"e o%. 10 L1, reuire "i&&eren! moemen!# *en !*e *an" i# a#cen"in!*an *en i! "e#cen"#.(

Seeral !*in# are #ini&ican! aou! !*i# neu!ral, na!ural, *an" %o#i!ion, *ic* i# analoou#!o *a! mi*! call !*e core %o#i!ion in %*y#ical !rainin'

• !*e *an"# are #ymme!rical in rela!ion !o eac* o!*er,• !*e &iner# are cen!ere" in &ron! o& !*e ri#!# an" arm,• !*e *an"# %lay nei!*er com%le!ely oer !*e *i!e no!e#, no! com%le!ely oer !*e lack no!e#,•

!*e &iner# are nei!*er ery com%re##e" nor ery e!en"e",• !*e knuckle oin!# normally are line" u% i!* a #li*! ou!ar" #lan! $i.e. no! %er&ec!ly %arallel !o!*e keyoar"(.

Mo#! %reliminary eerci#e# &or einner# #*oul" e "one #ymme!rically $i.e. in con!rarymo!ion(, an" in !*i# cen!ere", neu!ral %o#i!ion. Many "i&&icul!ie# a! !*e %iano ari#e &rom !*e nee" &orin"e%en"ence e!een !*e *an"# in non=#ymme!rical %a##ae ork, a# ell a# &rom %rolone"e!en#ion or con!rac!ion. /! i# u#e&ul !o !*ink o& !*e la!!er $o!* e!en#ion an" con!rac!ion( a#ece%!ional %o#i!ion#, *ic* #*oul" alay# re!urn !o !*e normal, more com&or!ale, neu!ral %o#i!ion.

Fin"in !*e mo#! com&or!ale rela!ion#*i% e!een !*e &iner# an" !*e re#! o& !*e o"y &or a


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%ar!icular mu#ical #i!ua!ion i# a cen!ral %rolem in %iano !ec*niue. ;&!en ui!e #mall c*ane# in !*eanle e!een &iner# an" !*e armo"y can make !*in# muc* more $or le##( com&or!ale an"e&&icien!' A li!!le #en#i!ie e%erimen!a!ion i# o&!en reuire" !o &in" !*e e#! %o#i!ion$#( &or a "i&&icul! %a##ae.

Positions and alignment

The finger which plays should be in a straight line with its flexor and extensor muscles.”$Gyory San"or, ;n )iano )layin, %. 61.(

Often pupils struggle with difficult passages and declare them impossible, when a mere changeof hand position, such as raising or lowering the wrist or slanting the hand laterally, would

solve the problem.” $Ho#e& *einne, Ba#ic )rinci%le# in )iano )layin, %. 34.(

en *en !*e &iner# are #u%%or!e" an" %oi#e" in *o%in+# #ue#!e" a#ic %o#i!ion, onecanno! com&or!aly %lay all &ie no!e# i!*ou! a minimum o& arm moemen!.

-*e#e arm moemen!# ill e ui"e" y !*e %rinci%le o& alignment. :*ic*eer &iner i#

%layin #*oul" alay# e line" u% i!* !*e arm e*in" i! a# cen!rally a# %o##ile. /n &ac!, &or %ur%o#e#o& alinmen!, one can almo#! !*ink o& !*e &iner a# an e!en#ion o& !*e arm. A# men!ione" aoe, !*e&iner oin!# #*oul" no! e colla%#e" o!*eri#e, !*e &iner# lo#e !*e connec!ion i!* !*e re#! o& !*e o"y, !*e enery ill no! e! !o !*e key# e&&icien!ly, an" i! ill e *ar"er !o ac*iee &ine con!rol, ecau#e o& !*i# $incon#i#!en!( enery lo##. -*e &iner# #*oul" al#o no! e #%laye" ou! aoe !*ekeyoar", u! ra!*er ill normally remain clo#e !o !*e no!e#, rea"y !o %lay. /& no!, cri!ical !ime ill ea#!e" e!!in in!o %o#i!ion a! !*e la#! minu!e. Al#o, !*e %iani#!J# all im%or!an! #en#e o& *ere *e i# on!*e keyoar" ill e lo#!. An e%erience" %iani#! "eelo%# an inner, #en#ory, ma% o& !*e keyoar". ;neay !o encourae !*i# i# !o %lay lin", i.e. i!*ou! lookin a! eery no!e. Kou ill uickly "i#coer!*a! !*i# i# muc* ea#ier !o "o y kee%in your mu#cle# ery mil"ly alie. om%le!e relea#e !en"# !ole! o o& !*e inner, %*y#ical #en#e o& *ere you are on !*e keyoar". -*e ook $#ee !*e iliora%*y(

y Seymour Fink %roi"e# #ome u#e&ul eerci#e# &or "eelo%in !*i# kinae#!*e!ic #en#e.:*en %layin "oule no!e# or c*or"#, alin !*e arm i!* !*e aerae cen!er o& !*e &iner#+ %o#i!ion#. /& you an! !o rin ou! one no!e in a c*or", anle more e*in" !*a! no!e+# &iner.

-*e ri#! nee"# !o e &leile, !o rea!*e, i!*ou! ein &lay. ;nce aain, !*e oal i# no! !o reak !*e line o& enery e!een !*e arm an" !*e &iner#, u! !o remain con#!an!ly connec!e" i!* !*ein#!rumen!' -*e ri#! i# loo#e u! rea"y !o moe. -*i# rea!*in = *ic* allo# a %erio"ic relea#e o&!en#ion = i# cri!ical !o aoi"in #!rain, an" al#o !o alloin !*e %iani#! !o +re#e!, or re#!ar! reularly"urin !*e mu#ic' -en#ion !*u# neer uil"# u% &or lon.

/n any kin" o& een mo"era!ely #%rea" ou! %a##ae ork, !*e no!ion o& !*e arm a# !*e mo!oraline" e*in" !*e &iner# mean# !*a! your arm ill e con#!an!ly moin. /n a %a##ae like !*e i"e,uick ar%eio# in !*e le&! *an" o& !*e la#! moemen! o& *o%in+# 3 r" #ona!a, your arm ill e

con#!an!ly #inin ack an" &or!* in an arc you #*oul" no! &eel like you are #!re!c*in. ere i# a#im%ler eam%le o& !*i# kin" o& &iura!ion $!*e #inin moemen! ill e #maller('

http://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#sourceshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#sources


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/& you &eel !*a! you are #!re!c*in *ile "oin a %a##ae like !*i#, you are no! moin your armenou*. -*e i"er !*e layou! o& !*e %a##ae, !*e &ar!*er ack !oar"# your o"y you ill *ae !o o !oe! enou* rane o& moemen!. For #mall rane %a##ae ork, !*e ri#! an" &orearm ill #u&&ice &ori"er rane, you o&!en ill e moin !*e u%%er arm. /n e!reme ca#e#, you ill e #inin your

*ole !runk.Becau#e o& !*e &ac! !*a! !*e !*um i# #*or!er !*an !*e o!*er &iner#, !*e arc u#ually #!ar!# #li*!lylo *en moin aay &rom !*e o"y. oner#ely, i! ill moe &rom a *i*er %o#i!ion !oar"# aloer one *en *ea"in inar" !o !*e !*um. $Aain, #ince !*e *an"# are no! in!ernally #ymme!rical,!*e moemen!# !o an" &rom !*e o"y i!*in eac* *an" are no! i"en!ical.( :*en leain !*e cen!re o&!*e keyoar", !*e elo al#o c*ane# %o#i!ion corre#%on"inly' :*en !*e mu#ic moe# #u#!an!iallyou!ar" &rom !*e o"y, i! remain# more or le## !ucke" inC *en !*e mu#ic i# comin inar" i! moe#ou!, !o %u! !*e !*um in a e!!er %o#i!ion !o %lay.So, &or !*e ri*! *an" $!*e ra%*ic# are eaera!e"('

#!ar!in &rom !*um an" moin ou!

#!ar!in &rom ou!#i"e, moin in !oar"# !*e !*um.

:*en c*anin "irec!ion a! !*e e!reme# o& !*e keyoar", "urin con!inuou# %a##aeork, !*ec*ane #*oul" e a #moo!* cure, no! a #u""en um%.

)+&+ -*e#e moemen!# are #u!le oer"oin !*em ill re#ul! in lo## o& alance. Al#o, !*ey aremore oiou# a# !*e *an" leae# !*e cen!re o& !*e keyoar".

-*e !*um a&&ec!# alinmen! in im%or!an! ay#. 1. /n %a##ae# *ere !*e !*um an" !*e ou!er &iner# o!* %lay on !*e *i!e key#, !*e *an" i#

%o#i!ione" #li*!ly ack $i.e. clo#er !o !*e %layer(, ou! o& !*e ay o& !*e lack key#.Seymour Fink call# !*i# !*e *i!e %o#i!ion. -*e !*um ill e #li*!ly &ar!*er ack !*an!*e o!*er &iner#, alloin !*e ri#! !o e cen!re" e*in" !*e mi""le &iner.


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2. /n %a##ae# *ere !*e !*um an" ou!er &iner o!* %lay on !*e lack key#, !*e *an" mu#! e %o#i!ione" &orar", in *a! Seymour Fink call# !*e lack %o#i!ion. -*e ri#! ill e*i*er !*an in *i!eC %o#i!ion, an" #li*!ly !urne" inar", !o accommo"a!e !*e &orar" %o#i!ion o& !*e !*um on a lack key.

3. /& !*e ou!er &iner %lay# on a lack key, u! !*e !*um %lay# a *i!e no!e, !*e armri#! ill e anle" #li*!ly ou!ar", !o main!ain #!rai*! line alinmen! e!een arm an" *an".

4. /& !*e !*um %lay# on a lack key u! !*e ou!er &iner %lay# a *i!e no!e, !*e ri#!arm ill e anle" #li*!ly inar", aain !o main!ain #!rai*! line alinmen! e!een arm an" *an".


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/n !*e la!!er !o #i!ua!ion#, i! may al#o e u#e&ul !o #li*!ly !il! !*e arm, or een !*e o"y, !omake !*e *an" %o#i!ion &eel le## !i#!e".

-*ere are al#o o!*er in!erme"ia!eC %o#i!ion#, e!een !*e#e &our, "e%en"in on *ic* mi""le&iner# %lay on lack or *i!e no!e#, u! !*ey are no! or!* "e!ailin &ur!*er.

A# you leae !*e cen!er o& !*e keyoar", !*e arm#, $e#%ecially *en o!* *an"# are %layin a!one e!reme(, !*e *ole !runk ill nee" !o moe #i"eay#.Kou ill o&!en nee" !o con#ciou#ly ma% ou! !*e#e %o#i!ion#, un!il !*ey ecome au!oma!ic./n %rac!ice, moemen! e!een !*em ill o&!en e #ome*a! &lui", "ue !o !*e con#!an!ly

c*anin reuiremen!# o& !*e %a##aeork, u! !*ey are %oin!# o& re&erence !o e orke" aroun",e!remely im%or!an! !o &eelin com&or!ale a! !*e keyoar".

ere i# an eam%le, &rom !*e co"a o& *o%inJ# Four!* Balla"e'

-*e loer #!a&& con!ain# !*e oriinal mu#ic $no!a!ion #li*!ly #im%li&ie" *o%inJ# occa#ional %oly%*onic no!a!ion "oe# no! a&&ec! our "i#cu##ion *ere(, alon i!* a #ue#!e" &inerin. -*e u%%er#!a&& rou%# !*e no!e# in!o %o#i!ion#, a# c*or"al lock# !*e lare numer# aoe !*e #!a&& re&er !o !*e&our %o#i!ion# "e#crie" aoe.

-o main!ain alinmen! *en leain !*e cen!er o& !*e keyoar", you *ae !o e on !*e #i!@=

one# in your e*in", ra!*er !*an com&or!aly #%rea" ou! ack on !*e #ea!. )oi#e" !*i# ay, #ea!e"&orar" on !*e enc*, you remain roun"e", u! al#o ea#ily moile in any "irec!ion. Kour o"y i#ac!iely rea"y !o moe, in#!ea" o& %a##ie an" re#!in.

/n in!rica!e %a##aeork, !*e "i&&erence e!een &eelin com&or!aly aline" an" &eelinakar" can e ui!e #u!le. ;&!en !en#ion or akar"ne## can e reliee" y ery #li*! a"u#!men!#!o !*e anle o& !*e *an" an" arm. %erimen!

Shifts and leaps

-*i# rin# u# !o !*e i##ue o& #*i&!#. -*ere are !o a#ic !y%e# o& #*i&!# are #i"eay# $u% an""on !*e keyoar"( an" in=ou! $"raer, !o accommo"a!e lack key#(. ;&!en !*ey are comine". -*eoal o& a #*i&! i# alay# !o %u! you in!o a com&or!ale %o#i!ion &or !*e comin no!e#. /! i# a oo" i"ea !o %rac!ice #*i&!# y lockin' Moe in!o an en!ire %o#i!ion, ra!*er !*an u#! !o one #inle no!e. -*i# al#oencourae# or con!riu!e# !o #eein !*e mu#ic in mu#ically meanin&ul rou%# $mo!ie# an" %*ra#e#(,ra!*er !*an a# #inle no!e#.

/! i# u#e&ul !o eamine !*e %o#i!ion #*i&!# in a ien %a##ae in "e!ail, an" !o !ry al!erna!e&inerin#, inolin "i&&eren! #*i&!#. /! i# im%or!an! !o c*oreora%* !*e #*i&!# ery #%eci&ically' Kou"eci"e, con#ciou#ly, !*a! !*e e#! %lace !o #*i&! !o !*e ne %o#i!ion i# e!een no!e# an" y = u#ually i!ill e a &e no!e# e&ore !*e akar" #%o!, i.e. !*e #*i&! i# %re%are". Kou %rac!ice !*e %a##ae, !ryin!o imaine !*a! !*e no!e *ere !*e #*i&! #!ar!# !rier# = / !*ink o& i! a# cau#e# = !*e #*i&!.

:*ile in !*e %a##ae# "i#cu##e" aoe !*e arm #*i&!# ra"ually !o cen!er eac* no!e, !*ere are


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#i!ua!ion# *ere more aru%! #*i&!# are reuire". ere i# an eam%le'

-*e#e #*i&!# aain un"erline !*e nee" &or %re%ara!ion' /"eally !*e arm #*oul" e in %o#i!ion e&ore !*e no!e in !*e ne reion i# %laye". /n &a#! %a##ae# *oeer, #ome!ime# !*e #*i&!in moemen!i!#el& !urn# in!o a "ie in!o !*e no!e. -*e cure &or a lea% !o a *i*er no!e $or c*or"(# i# a# &ollo# a"onar" lea% ill e !*e reer#e.

-*e rea#on &or !*i# cure i# !*a! !*e "e#cen! in!o a no!e mu#! e &airly er!ical, #o a# no! !o arrieon !*e #i"e o& !*e key !*e ri#e i# alrea"y moin !oar"# !*e ne %o#i!ion./n al!erna!in %a##ae#, like !*e aoe, !*e arm ill &eel like i! i# makin con!inuou#,

#ymme!rical arc#, i!* con!ac! %oin!# a! !*e keyoar", in !*e cour#e o& a con!inuou#, r*y!*micmoemen!. A# !*e #%ee" e!# rea!er, !*e *ei*! o& !*e arc# an" !*e amoun! o& !ime in !*e air "imini#*.

)rac!ice i"ea# &or lea%in #*i&!#'• )rac!ice a! #lo !em%o, u! make !*e #*i&!# a! &ull #%ee".• ook a! !*e oal no!e in a"ance. /& o!* *an"# are lea%in a! !*e #ame !ime, look a! !*e *an"

moin &ar!*er.• -ouc*, !*en %lay' Kou li*!ly !ouc* an" %re%are !*e "i#!an! no!ec*or" e&ore ac!ually %layin

i!. -*i# reuire# !*e #malle#! o& micro=%au#e#, *ic*, *oeer i# u#ually mu#ically ui!e loical,

#ince !*i# kin" o& !e!ure ac!ually im%lie# !o mu#ical %lane#.• /n a ra%i" #*i&! &rom a %*ra#e in one rei#!er !o a ne %*ra#e in ano!*er rei#!er, !*e o"y #*oul"

lean !oar"# !*e ne rei#!er "urin !*e la#! &e no!e# o& !*e &ir#! %*ra#e. /& o!* *an"# arelea%in ou!ar", !*e o"y moemen! i# "e!ermine" y !*e larer lea%.

All o& !*e#e !ec*niue# aim !o make !*e %iani#! &eel com&or!ale, no! ru#*e", a# *e arrie# a! !*ene %o#i!ion. -o ac*iee !*i# com&or! reuire# a ell "eelo%e" #en#ory ma% o& !*e keyoar", an" !*eu!mo#! economy o& moemen!.

%ingering

“...! a given fingering pattern defines the possibilities for arm movement.” $Ma#!erin )iano

-ec*niue, Seymour Fink, %. 60.(By !*i# %oin!, i! #*oul" e oiou# !*a! &inerin can neer e #e%ara!e" &rom *a! !*e arm i#

"oin. Finerin ill na!urally reak !*e mu#ic in!o rou%# = %o#i!ion# = *ic*, a# muc* a# %o##ile,#*oul" make mu#ical #en#e. -*e#e rou%# ill e connec!e" y &loin arm moemen!#. an"# ary in#i@e an" &leiili!y a &inerin *ic* i# oo" &or a lare *an" ill o&!en &eel #!raine" &or a #mall *an"./& your *an" &eel# #!re!c*e", or #!i&&, you nee" !o c*ane !*e &inerin, !*e arm moemen!#, or o!*.;cca#ionally &inerin# are c*o#en !o &orce #%eci&ic mu#ical e&&ec!#, e.. a reak e&ore a #%eci&ic no!e.A# lon a# !*e a%%ro%ria!e arm moemen! ack# u% !*e unu#ual &inerin, !*i# i# &ine.


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An im%or!an! no!e' :*a! i# !ra"i!ionally calle" %a##in !*e !*um un"er i# a mi#nomer.on!or!in !*e *an" in #uc* a "ra#!ic ay u#ually %u!# you a"ly ou! o& alinmen! &or !*e comin no!e#.:*a! really *a%%en# *ere, i& !*e #cale or ar%eio i# a! mo"era!e or rea!er #%ee", i# !*a! once !*e!*um *a# %laye" i!# &ir#! no!e, i! ein# !o moe !oar"# !*e ne! rou% %o#i!ion, an", y !*e !ime i!

arrie# un"er !*e re#! o& !*e *an", !*e arm i# al#o ell on !*e ay !o i!# ne! %o#i!ion.-*e #!an"ar" &inerin# &or #cale# an" ar%eio# #*oul" e &amiliar, an" are or!* !ryin ou! a#a &ir#! #!e%, u! !*ey #*oul" no! e con#i"ere" a# a#olu!e rule#. /n %ar!icular, !*e rule aou! no! u#in!*e !*um on lack key# i# o&!en mi#lea"in. )lacin !*e !*um on a lack key "oe# reuire #*i&!in !*earm &orar" $a "raer #*i&!( an" rai#in !*e ri#! #li*!ly, u! i! make# #ome %a##ae ork &ar ea#ier.

ere i# an eam%le o& *ere !o u#e a #!an"ar" &inerin $!*e &ir#! ar(, an" *ere a le##conen!ional one i# e!!er $!*e #econ" ar(. -*e accen!# reuire no %ar!icular e&&or! i& !*e %a##ae i#&inere" a# ri!!en. eer#in !*e &inerin# ien *ere oul" make &or unmu#ical, akar" %layin.

Eo!e !*a! *en %layin ar%eio#, !*e arm #*i&! #*oul" no! &eel like i! i# *a%%enin one no!e a! a!ime, u! ra!*er a# !*ou* !*e cen!er o& !*e *an" i# ra"ually moin. Some!ime# i! i# *el%&ul !oimaine !*a! !*e arm i# "riinC !*e &iner#.

Al!*ou* !*e &olloin a"ice i# no! alay# %o##ile !o &ollo, all o!*er !*in# ein eual'• -ry !o orani@e &inerin#*i&!# in!o r*y!*mically reular rou%#.• Gien a c*oice e!een &inerin# *ic* reuire many #*i&!# or &e, aim &or &eer #*i&!#.• -*e #ame mu#ical %a!!ern #*oul" u#ually e %laye" i!* !*e #ame &inerin, rear"le## o& !*e

%re#ence or a#ence o& lack no!e#.• -ry !o make #*i&!# in o!* *an"# a! !*e #ame !ime, *en %o##ile.

Impulse groups

Eo, an e##en!ial no!ion' %layin in rou%#. /m%ul#e rou%# allo you !o %lay &a#!er !*an youcoul" i!* "i#!inc!, #e%ara!e moemen!#. Eo!e y no!e %layin #oun"# *eay an" unmu#ical, an" i! i#"onri*! im%o##ile "urin ra%i" %a##aeork. /n all u! !*e #loe#! !em%i, you ill normally e %layin rou%# o& no!e#, #e! o&& y a #ome*a! #!roner im%ul#e !*an !*o#e *ic* ill &ollo. -*i# &ir#!im%ul#e ill come &rom aoe !*e %layin uni!' A &iner rou% i# #e! o&& y a ri#! im%ul#e a ri#!rou% $e.. a #erie# o& uie! "oule no!e# or oc!ae#( i# #e! o&& y an arm im%ul#e, an" #o on.

Kou u#e a liely, unin*ii!e", &allin $or, &or ery iorou# %a##ae#, a !*roin( moemen!,!o #e! o&& !*e rou%. -*e a!!ack i# no! lim%, u! #%rin=like. -*i# #en#a!ion o& an unin*ii!e", &reemoemen! in!o !*e keyoar" i# men!ione" y many %iani#!# i! #eem# !o *el% !*e o"y !o aue"i#!ance# an" in!en#i!y more accura!ely !*an a !en#e, oer=con!rolle" moemen!. -*e no!e# &olloin!*e ini!ial im%ul#e are no! &el! a# #e%ara!e moemen!#, u! a# &illin ou! !*e rou%. -*e#e #econ"aryno!e# &eel like reoun"#, or con!inua!ion# o& !*e ini!ial im%ul#e, an" !*eir moemen!# are #maller. -*ey#*o !*e comina!ion o& iour an" ea#e #een in ell=!raine" a!*le!e#.

-*e iorou#, clean &all, or !*ro, #e!# o&& an im%ul#e rou%. Mo#! !y%ically #een *en %layina &e uick oc!ae# in a ro, !*i# i# al#o !*e e#! ay !o %lay "oule no!e# = e#%ecially i"e in!eral# =a! me"ium !o *i* #%ee". Aain, !*e &ir#! im%ul#e $!*e &allin, or !*roin moemen!( come# &rom a %ar! o& your o"y aoe !*e one "oin !*e ac!ual %layin. So i& you an! a ra%i" &iner #!acca!o, you


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nee" !o u#e a! lea#! !*e ri#! !o enera!e !*e im%ul#e. /& you an! oc!ae#, you nee" !o !rier !*e rou%i!* $a! lea#!( !*e &orearm, an" !*en #*ake !*e remainin no!e# ou! o& your #leee. /& you nee" more %oer, or are %layin &ull c*or"#, you ill enera!e !*e #!ar!in im%ul#e &rom !*e u%%er arm, or een!*e !or#o. /& you an! !o e! !*e &eelin o& %ro"ucin an im%ul#e all !*e ay &rom your core, "o i! *ile

aru%!ly e*alin an" #ayin FFF-C. -*ro in!o !*e keyoar" a# you %ronounce !*i#, %layin one#inle oc!ae, ra!*er lou", &eelin !*e enery oin &orar" an" "on in!o !*e key#. /! #*oul" &eel likeyou are %layin !*e oc!ae i!* your *ole u%%er o"y. -*i# i# a%%ro%ria!e &or lou", ery enere!ica!!ack#.

Eo!e !*a! !*ere i# an a%%roac* %*a#e $!*e &all or !*ro(, an" a relea#e %*a#e, a&!er !*e rou%.:i!*ou! !*e relea#e %*a#e you ill &ree@e u% i!* !en#ion' -*e moemen! mu#! rea!*e. -*i# #*or!relaa!ion, e!een #ucce##ie main $i.e. rou% #!ar!in( a!!ack#, i# cri!ical, o!* !o %*y#ical com&or!an" !o mu#ical %layin.

-*e e#! ay !o "eelo% a &eel &or !*i# reoun"in #en#a!ion i# !o %rac!ice uick rou%# o&re%ea!e" c*or"# or oc!ae#. S!ar! i!* one #oli" a!!ack, !*en a"" one, !*en !o, an" &inally !*ree#*akin reoun"#. /n e!een, make #ure !*e ri#! rea!*e#.

;nce you can "o !*i#, moe u% or "on in #cale# ra!*er !*an re%ea!in !*e #ame c*or".

Some!ime# i! i# mu#ically nece##ary !o %lace !*e accen! a! !*e en" o& !*e rou% in !*i# ca#e !*e&ir#! no!e# ounce !oar"# a main arrial %oin!, !*e earlier no!e# ac!in a# race no!e#. -*e ini!ialim%ul#e i# !*e #ame, u! !*e &inal no!e or c*or" e!# an a""i!ional, &orar" moin accen!. -o ork on!*i#, %rac!ice !*e aoe !o eerci#e#, u! %lace !*e accen! on !*e la#! no!e.

ere i# an eam%le o& "oule !*ir"#, !o e %laye" ery &a#!. >#e !*e #ame #*akin coor"ina!ion,

an" make no a!!em%! !o %lay lea!o. Fall on !*e &ir#! c*or", !*en reoun" &or !*e o!*er#.


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All !*e eam%le# o& im%ul#e rou%# ien #o &ar *ae inole" re%ea!e", reoun"inmoemen!#, comin &rom !*e ri#! or *i*er. oeer !*ere i# ano!*er e##en!ial !y%e o& rou% im%ul#e %layin' &inere" rou%#. ere, a #ucce##ion o& &iner# i# #!ill &el! a# one uni!. -*e &ir#! no!e in #uc* a&iner rou% come# &rom a minia!ure &all, *ic* &eel# like #la%%in !*e &iner, or i! may come &rom a

ri#!, or een an arm im%ul#e, "e%en"in on *a! %rece"e# !*e rou%, an" *o lou" i! i#. Finere"im%ul#e rou%# reuire #%ecial a!!en!ion, !o make #ure you "on+! mi## no!e# *en oin &a#!.ere are #ome !y%ical eam%le#'

/n !*e &ir#! !o ar# !*e &iner rou%# are #e! o&& y !*e &ir#! no!e !*e la!!er !o are aime" a! !*ela#! no!e. -*i# i# !*e ay ornamen!# #*oul" e %laye".

Finere" rou%# may al#o e #u=rou%in#, #e! o&& y larer, r*y!*mic ri#! an" arm im%ul#e#

$#ee o"y r*y!*m, elo(. /n !*e mi""le o& a con!inuou# %a##ae, #uc* a #urou% can e !riere" y!*e &iner #la% "e#crie" aoe, *ere one &iner i# li&!e" a i! *i*er !*an normal, or y a larer armmoemen!. /n ei!*er ca#e, !*e !rier iorou#ly #e!# o&& !*e ne rou%. -*i# kin" o& *ierarc*icalrou%in lea"# u# !o our ne! #uec!' o"y r*y!*m.

&ody rhythm

"hythm in this sense, the integration of sound and movement, can play a great role in

coordinating and invigorating basic locomotor movement. $;lier Sac*#, Mu#ico%*ilia, %.241(

A%ar! &rom !*e #ayin moemen!# common !o ir!ually all mu#ician# "urin %layin,re&lec!in !*e e an" &lo o& !*e mu#ic, !*ere i# one #i!ua!ion *ere o"y r*y!*m ecome# a#olu!ely

cri!ical in %iano !ec*niue. -*ere i# a limi! !o *o many #ucce##ie no!e# you can #u#ume un"er one#inle im%ul#e, an" !*i# i# *ere o"y r*y!*m come# in. /n %layin #ome!*in like !*e einnin o&;n"ine, &rom ael+# Ga#%ar" "e la Eui!, or aria!ion L1 &rom Bra*m#+ )aanini aria!ion#, you nee"!o r*y!*mically enera!e ne im%ul#e# a! reular mu#ical in!eral#. De%en"in on !*e #%ee" reuire",!*e#e rou%# coul" e a# #*or! a# !o no!e#, or a# lon a# ei*! or nine. A #inin o"y r*y!*mreularly !*ro# ou! renee" im%ul#e# !o !rier ne rou%#. /! &eel# like you are "oin li!!le "ancei!* your o"y core, in !ime i!* !*e mu#ic. -*e r*y!*m ill eneri@e you an" allo you !o %ro"ucemany rou%# in #ucce##ion, i!*ou! &ree@in u%. /n ery &a#! %a##ae#, !*e relea#e an" !*e ne a!!ackill link in!o one, #maller, con!inuou# moemen!.

Bo"y r*y!*m #*oul" no! e i#ually "i#!rac!in !o !*e au"ience' :*ile i! may *el% !o %rac!ice i!i!* lare moemen!#, een!ually i! nee"# !o e re"uce" !o #u!ler %ro%or!ion#.

ominin o& im%ul#e rou%# in!o larer uni!#, !*rou* o"y r*y!*m, ac!# a# a re#e! u!!on. /ncon!inuou# %a##aeork, !*e inner rou%# ill o&!en e !riere" y #maller ini!ia!in moemen!# =#ome!ime# u#! a &iner #la%. :i!*ou! !*e#e ne !rier#, !en#ion ill !ake oer an" you ill lo#econ!rol. The ey to using impulse groups in continuous passage"or is these regular, rhythmicrestarts+

/& e !ake !*e *o%in !u"e o% 25 L 11, in A minor $:in!er :in"(, e can illu#!ra!e #eeral o&!*e#e %oin!#. -*i# e!u"e i# non=#!o%, ery &a#!, an" !*e ri*! *an" an"er# all oer !*e !o% *al& o& !*ekeyoar". -o kee% i! un"er con!rol, you nee" a "ee%ly &el! r*y!*mic im%ul#e, &rom your !or#o#!omac*,*ic* ill #u#ume an" coor"ina!e !*e local &iura!ion. /n ca#e# like !*i#, !*e r*y!*mic im%ul#e i#

http://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Body_Rhythmhttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Body_Rhythm


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ea#ier !o &eel in !*e le&! *an", *ic* %lay# &eer no!e#, mainly on !*e ea!. Kou oul" &ir#! %rac!ice !*ele&! *an" alone, #o a# !o ea#ily &eel !*e %*y#ical #in. -*e le&! *an" c*or"# #*oul" &ir#! e %rac!ice"i!* !*e kin" o& "onar" or &orar" a%%roac* "e#crie" aoe. -*en %lay !*e le&! *an" a! &ull #%ee",a! &ir#! a""in only !*e no!e# in !*e ri*! *an" *ic* arrie on !*e ea!, !*en !o no!e# o& eac* rou%,

an" !*en ra"ually !*e remainin no!e#. Kou #*oul" &eel !*e ri*! *an" no!e# a# ein !riere" y !*e o"y r*y!*m, #e! u% y !*e le&! *an", comin &rom your !or#ocore.

A! &ull #%ee" an" i!* all !*e no!e# in %lace, !*e armri#! ill &allC in!o !*e &ir#! no!e o& eeryrou% $a# in"ica!e" y !*e "on arro#(, an" ein !o ri#e a &e no!e# e&ore !*e ne! rou% $more orle## a# in"ica!e" y !*e u% arro#(. Some %iani#!# %re&er !o u#e a# an in=ou! moemen! %er#onally /&in" i! le## com&or!ale.

;nce aain' *y!*m con#i#!# o& al!erna!ion# !o an" &ro, in an" ou!, u% an" "on. /! i# eryclo#ely linke" !o !*e na!ural #en#e o& rea!*in. /n"ee", oo" %layin &eel# na!ural in !*e ay !*a!*eal!*y rea!*in "oe#' -*ere i# an e&&or!le## #en#e o& !en#ion an" relea#e, o& !akin in an" le!!in o, o& alancin !*e o"y &rom one momen! !o !*e ne!.

-rill# are an ecellen! eerci#e in *i*er !ec*niue. )layin an een, con!rolle" !rill reuire#u#in im%ul#e rou%#. -*e e#! ay !o %rac!ice !*i# i# &ir#! i!* #!ron, reular accen!# "urin !*e !rill,

comin &rom !*e arm. /! may *el% !o !*ink o& !*e#e arm moemen!# a# %u#*in o&&C !*e #u#euen!rou%. :*en you can %lay !*e !rill a! a &air #%ee", re"uce !*e#e moemen!# $an" !*e accen!#( un!il !*eyare arely %erce%!ile.

Feelin a #!ron %*y#ical %ul#e in !*i# ay i# al#o u#e&ul een in %a##ae# *ere i! i# no!a#olu!ely nece##ary i! *el%# kee% con!rol o& !*e !em%o, an" o&!en *el%# "e!ail# &all in!o %lace. /! al#o*el%# coun!erac! nerou#ne## "urin %ulic %er&ormance. A# men!ione" in !*e uo!a!ion &rom ;lierSac*# *ic* #!ar!# !*i# #ec!ion, u#in !*e o"y+# na!ural r*y!*mic re#%on#e# #eem# !o ai" &inecoor"ina!ion in eneral.

;ne #%ecial #i!ua!ion' &a#! re%ea!e" no!e#. )lay !*e#e in rou%#, #e! o&& y u%%er armo"yr*y!*mic im%ul#e#, an" i!* your *an" #li*!ly #i"eay# oer !*e re%ea!e" no!e' -*i# %u!# all !*e&iner# in %o#i!ion oer !*e re%ea!e" no!e all !*e !ime. Fa#! re%ea!e" no!e# reuire clean &iner

ar!icula!ion comine" i!* #!ron arm im%ul#e#. Aoi" any #!ickin o& !*e &iner# on !*e no!e# "o no!a#!e any !ime lue" !o !*e key.

Refining rhythmic impulse playing

Some!ime#, een i& your a#ic r*y!*mic im%ul#e# are #oli", you ill &in" !*a! #ome "e!ail# #!ill"o no! &all in!o %lace. /n #uc* ca#e# !*ere are inarialy #mall area# *ic* *ae li!!le, micro=r*y!*mic&aul!#, #u!le uneenne## acro## !o or !*ree no!e#. -*e#e "e&ec!# !en" !o *a%%en con#i#!en!ly in !*e#ame %lace# you can &in" !*em !*rou* care&ul li#!enin. ery o&!en !*ey are in %lace# *ere i! make#mu#ical #en#e !o !ake !*e #malle#! o& rea!*=%au#e# e!een %re#en!a!ion# o& a mo!ie, e!eenc*ane# o& rei#!er, e!c. )rac!ice "eliera!ely #loin "on a! !*e#e momen!#' Kou !ake !*e r*y!*mic

http://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Impulse_Groupshttp://alanbelkinmusic.com/Piano/PianoTechnique.html#Impulse_Groups


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#mu"e, an" clari&y i!, u#in an o%%o#i!e rua!o. ;&!en !*i# ill e enou* !o #ole !*e %rolem. Kou*ae een %layin !*e rou% im%ul#e a !ri&le ou! o& con!rol, an" you are learnin !o in*ii! !*e minia!uremu#cular #%ur!#%a#m *ic* cau#e# !*e %rolem.

%ine control: playing $ery slo"ly and softly

Slo, ery #o&! %a##ae# %re#en! a #%ecial %rolem' !*e %iani#! may e !em%!e" !o #!o% moin.Suc* #!o%# reak u% !*e %*y#ical #en#e o& mu#ical con!inui!y, an" u#ually lea" !o au"ile um%# in !*e#oun". >nle## !*ere i# a #u#!aine" %erio" o& re#! in !*e mu#ic, alay# kee% !*e arm in mil", r*y!*micmo!ion in !*i# ay, #uc* #lo, ery #o&! no!e# ill &eel like %ar! o& !*e %*y#ical %*ra#e, an" ill emuc* ea#ier !o con!rol. ere aain, a #moo!*, unin*ii!e" moemen! in!o !*e key i# crucial.

Tension pro'lems

)roaly !*e mo#! common %rolem in %iano !ec*niue i# ece## !en#ion. :*ile normal mu#cle!one i# nece##ary &or any %*y#ical ac!ii!y, !*e &ac! !*a! #uc* re&ine" coor"ina!ion# are inole" in %iano %layin, an" !*e &ac! !*a! one normally %lay# con!inuou#ly &or lon %erio"#, comine !o make eenminor ece## !en#ion %o!en!ially ery #eriou#. A# a re#umN o& muc* o& *a! *a# een #ai" aoe, /

%re#en! !*e &olloin li#! o& common #ource# o& !en#ion, an" *o !o reliee !*em'• mi#alinmen! o& *an"#, arm#, o"y = !ry o!*er %o#i!ion#,• unreliee" e!en#ion = %lan %lace# &or momen!ary con!rac!ion o& %o#i!ion,• no! rea!*inC reularly = %lan re#e! %oin!#,• ru#*in i!*in a rou% = %rac!ice #loin "on.

(irtuosity

By ir!uo#i!y / mean !*e aili!y !o %lay e!remely &a#!, in a mu#ically con!rolle" ay. ir!uo#i!yi# oiou#ly acroa!ic, u! i! al#o *i"e# a mu#ical c*allene' )layin &a#! alone ill no! make !*e re#ul!mu#ically conincin.

Grea! #%ee" reuire# !*e mo#! economical moemen!# %o##ile, #o a# !o a#!e no !ime. -*i#

%*y#ical la@ine##C mu#! e comine" i!* men!al an" mu#ical aler!ne##. *oreora%*y mu#! ememori@e", an" re%ea!e" numerou# !ime#, un!il !*e moemen!# connec! com%le!ely au!oma!ically. A!!*i# #%ee", !*in# *a%%en &ar !oo &a#! !o con#ciou#ly con!rol eery no!e een a momen! o& uncer!ain!yill "i#!ur !*e &lo. an" an" arm moemen!# nee" !o e e#%ecially &lui". Since !*ere i# no !ime &oron=cour#e correc!ion#, #!o%%in !*e &lo o& !*e moemen! i# a car"inal #in' /! imme"ia!ely ruin# !*erou% im%ul#e.

-*e ea#ie#! %a##ae !o %lay a! !o% #%ee" i# a #im%le &ie &iner #cale' -*e con#ecu!ie u#e o& all&ie &iner#, in a com&or!ale %o#i!ion, allo# &or rea! #%ee", i!*ou! com%lica!ion. A# alrea"y"i#cu##e", !*i# i# "one a# an im%ul#e rou%.

-akin !*e a#ic &ie &iner #cale a# !*e mo#! com&or!ale !ec*nical manoeure, any o& !*e&olloin ill a"" "i&&icul!y'

•

loner rou%# = Su"ii#ion an" $%re&eraly reular( re#e! %oin!# are nece##i!ie#• e!en#ion $eyon" a &ie &iner %o#i!ion( = !en#ion# mu#! e relae" a# #oon a# %o##ile, een i&

only &or ery #*or! %erio"# o& !ime, !o %reen! !en#ion uil"u%• c*ane# in *an" anle an" #i"eay# #*i&!# = -*e#e #*i&!# !ake !ime, an" !*ere&ore !*ey #*oul"

*a%%en in a"ance o& !*e no!e *ere !*e ne %o#i!ion i# reuire"• re%e!i!ion = e%ea!e" moemen!# $reoun"in c*or"#, oc!ae#, e!c.( are alay# #loer !*an

#euen!ial one#. /& con!inuou#, !*ey ill reuire re#e! %oin!#, !o aoi" mu#cular amminC. Fa#!re%ea!e" no!e# reuire #%ecial a!!en!ion !o relea#in !*e no!e a# &a#! a# %o##ile, !o make ay &or!*e ne &iner


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• c*ane o& "irec!ion = :*en &a#! %a##aeork c*ane# "irec!ion, !*e c*ane mu#! e ma"e#moo!*ly an" economically cure# are alay# e!!er !*an #!rai*! line#

• in!er&erence = /& !*e o!*er *an" i# "oin "i&&eren! &iura!ion, !*e comine" coor"ina!ion illreuire care&ul oerall c*oreora%*y.

/n eneral, *en %re%arin ir!uo#o %a##ae#, look &or !*e &olloin'• :*ere can / re"uce #i@e o& !*e moemen!#?• an / &iner !*i# !o allo &or more ra"ual #*i&!in, or le## #*i&!in oerall?• :*ere can / rela &or a #%li! #econ"?• an / #im%li&y !*e rela!ion#*i% e!een !*e *an"#?• :*ere can / #!ar! a ne im%ul#e, an" #e! a re#e! %oin!?

;ne la#! #ue#!ion' /& !*e mu#ic i# ery &a#! u! no! lou", i! i# no! nece##ary !o reac* !*e o!!omo& !*e key#' A more #u%er&icial, u! #i&! a!!ack ill #u&&ice !o #oun" !*e no!e#. Eormally, !*e %iani#!aoi"# !*i# kin" o& #ur&aceC !ouc*' /n lea!o %layin a #en#e o& moin alon !*e o!!om o& !*ekeyoar" i# ery *el%&ul !o main!ain #moo!*ne## in #!acca!o %a##ae#, !*ere i# a ri#k o& !*e no!e no!#oun"in. Bu! a! rea! #%ee" eery economy i# cri!ical. -*e li*!enin o& !*e !ouc* allo# &or &a#!errou% $im%ul#e( %layin.

Performing in pu'lic:*ile #ome %iani#!# %lay only &or !*em#ele#, mo#! a"ance" %iani#!# a#%ire !o %er&orm.

)er&ormin rin# #eeral a""i!ional c*allene# !o %layin !*e in#!rumen!, !*e main one ein "ealini!* !*e e&&ec!# o& #!re## an" eci!emen! $a"renalin, e!c.(. >n"er %er&ormance con"i!ion#, i! i# normal !o&eel !en#e an"or #*aky, !o %er#%ire, an" !o e "i#!rac!e" y !*e #ource o& !*e #!re##' !*e au"ience ereare a &e #ue#!ion# &or %re%arin &or %er&ormance'

• )rac!ice eaera!in !*e "ura!ion an" moemen!# o& !*e re#e!C %oin!# men!ione" aoe !rea!!*en a# clear re#%ira!ion#. Since %er&ormance !en"# !o make %eo%le ru#*, "eliera!ely u#e !*e#e %lace# a# %lanne" relaa!ion #%o!#. )rac!icin !*i# ay ill ie you !*e &eelin o& #!ayin incon!rol.

• )rac!ice "eliera!ely #loin "on "urin *ar" %a##ae#. -*i# i# no! ecau#e you an! !o %lay!*em #loer, u! !o e! u#e" !o !*e &eelin o& ein ale !o con!rol !*e %acin o& yourmoemen!# a! ill.

• un !*rou* your %roram in &ron! o& ariou# %eo%le, een a i! e&ore i! i# %er&ec!. -*eim%or!an! !*in i# !o learn *a! *a%%en# !o you un"er #!re##, an", e#%ecially, *ere in !*e mu#ici! *a%%en#. -*i# allo# you !o !*en "o concen!ra!e" ork on !*o#e #%o!#.

• ecor" your#el& "urin re*ear#al#. )erce%!ion i# a&&ec!e" y #!re## o&!en !*in# you !*ink are %rolem# en" u% #oun"in &ine, an" o!*er !*in# ecome un%lea#an! #ur%ri#e#.

•

-o really e! a concer! %roram u% !o com&or! leel, i! mu#! e %laye" in %ulic more !*an once.A&!er eac* %er&ormance, eamine *a! en! ell an" *a! en! ron ork on !*e#e !*in# e&ore !*e ne! !ime.


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Sources-*e i"ea# e%re##e" *ere come mainly &rom ariou# ook#, a# ell a# &rom "i#cu##ion i!*

ariou# %iani#!# an" !eac*er# / kno %er#onally. All o& !*e#e %eo%le *ae %laye" an" or !au*! !*e %iano a! a *i* leel. A &e o& !*e i"ea# are my on.

-*ank# !o Mon!ano ae@a# &or e%lainin an" "emon#!ra!in !o me Marc Duran"+# a%%roac* !o %iano !ec*niue. -*ank# !o Himmy Briere an" Myriam Gen"ron &or rea"in a "ra&! o& !*i# e##ay, an" &oraluale &ee"ack. -*ank# !o -an -rao )*i &or #ome ery %erce%!ie commen!#. -*ank# !o aure!!aAl!man &or e%lainin *er a%%roac* !o %iano !eac*in. S%ecial !*ank# !o my colleaue an" &rien" )aulS!ear! &or onoin "i#cu##ion# aou! %iano !ec*niue an" %iano %e"aoy. -*ank# !o Hean Saulnier&or an in!ere#!in "i#cu##ion aou! !*e #ame #uec!#. Eo! all !*e#e %eo%le aree en!irely on !*eira%%roac* !o !*e %iano, an" *a! / %re#en! *ere "oe# no! nece##arily re%re#en! !*eir re#%ec!ie %oin!# o&ie. oeer, / *ae learne" &rom !*em all. Eee"le## !o #ay, !*ey are no! re#%on#ile &or any mi#!ake#or mi#un"er#!an"in#.

ere i# a #*or!, #elec!ie, anno!a!e" iliora%*y o& ook# o& in!ere#!. Eo!e, once aain, !*a!#ome !*in# in !*e#e ook# con!ra"ic! eac* o!*er. )ar!ly !*i# i# "ue !o !*e con&u#ion, men!ione" in !*e

in!ro"uc!ion, e!een "e#cri%!ion# o& !*e %iani#!+# in!ernal #en#a!ion# an" "e#cri%!ion# o& %*y#ical &ac!# %ar!ly i! #!em# &rom "i&&erence# in a%%roac*.• Barne#, *ri#!o%*er' -*e u##ian )iano Sc*ool, on"on, nier#i!y )re##, 1986. A &a#cina!in look a! *o%in+# $ery oriinal( !eac*in me!*o"#.• Fink, Seymour' Ma#!erin )iano -ec*niue $ook an" accom%anyin DD i"eo(, Ama"eu#

)re##, 1992. An ecellen!, mul!i=me"ia re#ource, u#e&ul &or %iani#!# o& all leel#. )ro&. Fink"e#crie# many coor"ina!ion#, "emon#!ra!e# an" e%lain# !*em clearly, an" #*o# !*eirmu#ical a%%lica!ion#. e #u%%lie# many eerci#e# a#e" on ila!eral #ymme!ry, ecellen! &or einner# An ecellen! eam%le o& !*e mo"ern a%%roac* !o %iano !eac*in, &ocu#in more onarm moemen!# ra!*er !*an on !*e ol"er #!yle #!an"ar" &inerin#.

•


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• ;r!mann, ;!!o' -*e )*y#ioloical Mec*anic# o& )iano -ec*niue, Du!!on, 1962. -*i# i# !*e mo#!"e!aile", enuinely #cien!i&ic re#earc* in!o *o e%erience" %iani#!# ac!ually %lay. -*e re#ul! o&year# o& e%erimen!a!ion in a laora!ory #%ecially "e#ine" &or !*e %ur%o#e, i! i# in&orme" y a!*orou* un"er#!an"in o& %*y#ioloy an" mec*anic#. :*ile knoin *ic* mu#cle# "o

eac!ly *a! ill no! nece##arily make you ale !o %ro"uce a ien moemen!, !*e &ac!# %re#en!e" in !*i# ook ill %reen! !eac*er# an" #!u"en!# &rom makin im%o##ile "eman"#. /!al#o call# a!!en!ion !o #ome a#%ec!# o& %iano !ec*niue *ic* are li!!le em%*a#i@e" el#e*ere.

• San"or, Geory' ;n )iano )layin, Sc*irmer Book#, 1995. A clear an" me!*o"ical %re#en!a!iono& &ie Ba#ic -ec*nical )a!!ern#, y a &amou# %iani#! an" !eac*er, *o #!u"ie" i!* Bar!ok.

• -aylor,

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