Bell Quiz Bell Quiz (Pgs. 583 – 587) (Pgs. 583 – 587) 1. Where was the first atomic bomb tested? 1. Where was the first atomic bomb tested? 2. When did President Truman order the 2. When did President Truman order the military to make final plans for military to make final plans for dropping dropping two atomic bombs on Japanese targets? two atomic bombs on Japanese targets? 3. What was the name of the B-29 bomber 3. What was the name of the B-29 bomber that dropped the bomb codenamed “Little that dropped the bomb codenamed “Little Boy”? Boy”? 4. When did the Japanese formally 4. When did the Japanese formally surrender? surrender? 5. For how long did U.S. forces occupy 5. For how long did U.S. forces occupy Japan Japan after World War II? after World War II?
Transcript
Bell QuizBell Quiz (Pgs. 583 – 587)(Pgs. 583 – 587)
1. Where was the first atomic bomb tested?1. Where was the first atomic bomb tested?2. When did President Truman order the2. When did President Truman order the military to make final plans for droppingmilitary to make final plans for dropping two atomic bombs on Japanese targets?two atomic bombs on Japanese targets?3. What was the name of the B-29 bomber3. What was the name of the B-29 bomber that dropped the bomb codenamed “Little that dropped the bomb codenamed “Little Boy”?Boy”?4. When did the Japanese formally surrender?4. When did the Japanese formally surrender?5. For how long did U.S. forces occupy Japan5. For how long did U.S. forces occupy Japan after World War II?after World War II?
AnswersAnswers
1. Alamogordo, New Mexico.1. Alamogordo, New Mexico.
2. July 25, 19452. July 25, 1945
3. Enola Gay3. Enola Gay
4. September 2, 19454. September 2, 1945
5. 7 years5. 7 years
Bell QuizBell Quiz
Read the “Point/Counterpoint” Read the “Point/Counterpoint” section on page 585 in regards to the section on page 585 in regards to the dropping of the atomic bomb.dropping of the atomic bomb.
Answer questions 1 and 2 on page Answer questions 1 and 2 on page 585 in the “Thinking Critically” box. 585 in the “Thinking Critically” box.
ObjectivesObjectives
Explain the development of the Explain the development of the atomic bomb.atomic bomb.
Discuss the debates about the use of Discuss the debates about the use of the atomic bomb.the atomic bomb.
Describe the challenges faced by the Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting Allies in building a just and lasting peace.peace.
Atomic BombAtomic Bomb Iwo Jima and Okinawa opened the way for Iwo Jima and Okinawa opened the way for
an invasion of Japan.an invasion of Japan. It was estimated that the U.S. would lose It was estimated that the U.S. would lose
about 1 million soldiers and Britain about about 1 million soldiers and Britain about 500,000. The Japanese would lose 500,000. The Japanese would lose millions.millions.
An invasion of Japan would lead to a An invasion of Japan would lead to a massive loss of life.massive loss of life.
President Truman saw only one way to President Truman saw only one way to avoid an invasion of Japan.avoid an invasion of Japan.
Truman decided to use the atomic bomb.Truman decided to use the atomic bomb.
Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein Albert Einstein was a German Albert Einstein was a German
born Jew.born Jew. He is best known as physicist He is best known as physicist
and for his theory of and for his theory of relativity.relativity.
Einstein was a Jewish refugee Einstein was a Jewish refugee to the U.S. to the U.S.
1939, Einstein and other 1939, Einstein and other scientists sent a letter to scientists sent a letter to President Roosevelt urging President Roosevelt urging U.S. development of an U.S. development of an atomic bomb. atomic bomb.
Roosevelt authorized the Roosevelt authorized the research into the research into the development of the bomb, development of the bomb, but Einstein never worked on but Einstein never worked on the Manhattan Project.the Manhattan Project.
The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was the U.S. program to develop an atomic bomb for use The Manhattan Project was the U.S. program to develop an atomic bomb for use in World War II.in World War II.
The project was led by General Leslie Groves.The project was led by General Leslie Groves. J. Robert Oppenheimer was an American scientist and the research director on J. Robert Oppenheimer was an American scientist and the research director on
the project.the project. The first test of the bomb took place on July 16, 1945 near Las Alamos, New The first test of the bomb took place on July 16, 1945 near Las Alamos, New
Mexico.Mexico. On July 25, 1945 Truman ordered the military to make final plans for droppingOn July 25, 1945 Truman ordered the military to make final plans for dropping
the bomb on Japanese targets.the bomb on Japanese targets.
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb Upon witnessing the explosion, its creators had mixed Upon witnessing the explosion, its creators had mixed
reactions. reactions. Isidor Rabi felt that the equilibrium in nature had been Isidor Rabi felt that the equilibrium in nature had been
upset as if humankind had become a threat to the world it upset as if humankind had become a threat to the world it inhabited. inhabited.
Robert Oppenheimer, though ecstatic about the success of Robert Oppenheimer, though ecstatic about the success of the project said "I am become Death… "the destroyer of the project said "I am become Death… "the destroyer of worlds." worlds."
Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, "Now Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, "Now we're all sons of bitches.“we're all sons of bitches.“
General Leslie Groves Was ecstatic expecting a promotion General Leslie Groves Was ecstatic expecting a promotion and said while holding his collar “the bomb is brighter than and said while holding his collar “the bomb is brighter than 2 stars.”2 stars.”
After viewing the results several participants signed After viewing the results several participants signed petitions against loosing the monster they had created, but petitions against loosing the monster they had created, but their protests fell on deaf ears. their protests fell on deaf ears.
August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima killing 140,000 people.killing 140,000 people.
The Hiroshima bomb was codenamed “Little Boy”. The Hiroshima bomb was codenamed “Little Boy”. The bomb was dropped from a B-29 bomber named The bomb was dropped from a B-29 bomber named Enola Enola
GayGay.. The Japanese still refused to surrender after Hiroshima.The Japanese still refused to surrender after Hiroshima.
NagasakiNagasaki
August 9, the city of August 9, the city of Nagasaki was bombed Nagasaki was bombed killing 80,000 people.killing 80,000 people.
The Nagasaki bomb was The Nagasaki bomb was codenamed “Fat Man”.codenamed “Fat Man”.
An estimated 220,000 An estimated 220,000 people died as a result people died as a result of the atomic blasts.of the atomic blasts.
September 2, 1945, the September 2, 1945, the Japanese formally Japanese formally surrendered.surrendered.
The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference The meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin in The meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin in
February 1945.February 1945. The “Big Three” discussed the fate of Germany The “Big Three” discussed the fate of Germany
and the postwar world.and the postwar world. The meeting produced a series of compromises.The meeting produced a series of compromises.
• A division of Germany into 4 zones.A division of Germany into 4 zones.• Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan.Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan.• Stalin agreed to participate in the United Nations.Stalin agreed to participate in the United Nations.
The United Nations (UN): an international peacekeeping The United Nations (UN): an international peacekeeping organization to which most nations in the world belong.organization to which most nations in the world belong.
The UN was founded in 1945 to promote world peace, The UN was founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development. security, and economic development.
Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials
24 Nazi leaders were put on trial for crimes against humanity, 24 Nazi leaders were put on trial for crimes against humanity, peace, and war crimes.peace, and war crimes.
The defendants included Hitler’s most trusted party officials, The defendants included Hitler’s most trusted party officials, governing ministers, military leaders, and powerful industrialists.governing ministers, military leaders, and powerful industrialists.
12 of the 24 defendants were sentenced to death. 12 of the 24 defendants were sentenced to death.
Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials
In later trials nearly 200 In later trials nearly 200 more lesser Nazi more lesser Nazi leaders were found leaders were found guilty of war crimes.guilty of war crimes.
The Nuremberg Trials The Nuremberg Trials established the idea established the idea that individuals are that individuals are responsible for their responsible for their own actions, even in own actions, even in times of war. times of war.
Occupation of JapanOccupation of Japan Japan was occupied by U.S. forces for seven years.Japan was occupied by U.S. forces for seven years. 1,100 Japanese soldiers were arrested and put on 1,100 Japanese soldiers were arrested and put on
trial. trial. Seven, including Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, were Seven, including Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, were
sentenced to death.sentenced to death. During the occupation, the U.S. reshaped Japan’s During the occupation, the U.S. reshaped Japan’s
