BELL RINGER

1)What was the Tennis Court Oath?

2)What was the National Assembly?

3)What was the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen?

4)Why was the storming of the Bastille so important?

The flight to Varennes On the night of June 20 1791 the

royal family fled Paris wearing the clothes of servants, while their servants dressed as nobles. However, the next day the king was recognized and arrested at Varennes.

He was paraded back to Paris under guard, and still wearing his rags.

The flight to Varennes

When they reached Paris, the crowd remained silent.

The Assembly provisionally suspended the king.

He and Queen Marie Antoinette remained held under guard.

The last days of the National Constituent Assembly

In 1791, the Assembly set up a limited monarchy with a king and a Legislative Assembly.

With most of the Assembly still favouring a constitutional monarchy rather than a republic, the various groupings reached a compromise which left Louis XVI little more than a figurehead:

The last days of the National Constituent Assembly

Louis XVI had to swear an oath to the constitution, and a decree declared that retracting the oath, heading an army for the purpose of making war upon the nation, or permitting anyone to do so in his name would amount to de facto abdication.

The French Revolutionary Wars

Other European monarchs threaten to help Louis XVI (Austria and Prussia).

Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria. After early skirmishes went badly for France,

the first significant military engagement of the war occurred with the Franco-Prussian Battle of Valmy.

Although heavy rain prevented a conclusive resolution, the French artillery proved its superiority.

The French Revolutionary Wars

However, by this time, France stood in turmoil and the monarchy had effectively become a thing of the past.

Distrust spread through France.

Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions

of of monarchymonarchy& court& court

Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions

of of monarchymonarchy& court& court

Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti

onon

Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti

onon

ReligioReligiousus

divisiodivisionsns

ReligioReligiousus

divisiodivisionsns

PoliticPoliticalal

divisiodivisionsns

PoliticPoliticalal

divisiodivisionsns

WarWarWarWar

EconoEconomicmic

CrisesCrises

EconoEconomicmic

CrisesCrises

The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France

1792 - 17951792 - 1795

The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France

1792 - 17951792 - 1795

Radicalism Movement

Georges Danton {Minister of Justice} sought revenge on those who aided the king.

Thousand of people were arrested and massacred.

Radical Movement

Jean-Paul Marat (important leader) argued that the poor had a right to take from the rich whatever they needed, even by violence.

Constitutional crisis

National Convention met in 1792.Two Factions (dissenting groups).

A. Urban Mountain

B. Rural Girondins.

Jacobin political club divided over the issue. (the monarchy)

Paris CommuneOn the night of August 10 1792,

insurgents, supported by a new revolutionary Paris Commune, assailed the king and queen.

The king and queen ended up prisoners and a rump session of the Legislative Assembly suspended the monarchy.

The JacobinsThe Jacobins

Jacobin Meeting HouseJacobin Meeting House

The JacobinsThe Jacobins Girondins wanted to keep the king alive. Mountains wanted to kill the king. What happened?

THE KING WAS BEHEADED!!!!!!!

Beheading of Louis XVI

Guillotine

Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette on the Way to the on the Way to the

GuillotineGuillotine

Results of the Beheading

Then what happened? Marat, a Mountain, was stabbed by

Charlotte Corday, a Girondin. He was stabbed in his own bathtub.

““The Death of Marat”The Death of Marat”by Jacques Louis David, 1793by Jacques Louis David, 1793

Maximilien Robespierre

After Danton, Robespierre took charge of the Committee of Pubic Safety.

He was known for his honesty, “The Incorruptible”.

He believed if anyone didn’t submit to the general will they should be executed.

Maximilien Robespierre

Politically, Robespierre was a disciple of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, among other Enlightenment philosophes.

“It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, so that the country may live."

Committee for Public SafetyCommittee for Public Safety

Revolutionary Tribunals.Revolutionary Tribunals. 300,000 arrested.300,000 arrested. 16,000 – 50,000 executed.16,000 – 50,000 executed.

The Reign of Terror

1793-1794 The slightest hint of counter-

revolutionary thoughts or activities could place one under suspicion, and the trials did not proceed scrupulously.

The Reign of Terror

Revolutionary courts prosecuted enemies of revolution.

Close to 40,000 people were killed during this time.

Clergy and Nobles – 15% of the victims. Bourgeoisie and Peasants – 85% of the

victims.

The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror

Terror is nothing other than Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, justice, prompt, severe, inflexible.inflexible. -- Robespierre-- Robespierre

Let terror Let terror be the be the

order of order of the day!the day!

The “Monster” GuillotineThe “Monster” Guillotine

The last guillotine execution in The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939France was in 1939..

A nation in arms

Committee of Public Safety called for a universal mobilization in 1793.

The mobilization was to save the republic from foreign nations.

By September of 1794 France had an army of 1,169,000.

A nation in arms

This new revolution changed the nature of warfare.

It took an important step in creating modern nationalism.

People’s army fighting for the people’s gov’t.

Robespierre Arrest

He was determined to rid France of its domestic enemies.

National Convention feared him so they had him arrested.

The Arrest of RobespierreThe Arrest of RobespierreThe Arrest of RobespierreThe Arrest of Robespierre

The Revolution ConsumesThe Revolution ConsumesIts Own Children!Its Own Children!

Danton Awaits Danton Awaits Execution, Execution,

17931793

Robespierre Lies Robespierre Lies WoundedWoundedBefore the Before the Revolutionary Tribunal Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.be guillotined, 1794.

The Directory1795-1799One of the gov’t corruption. People reacted against the Reign of

Terror.The Directory could not solve the

economic crisis in France. It relied on Military to stay in power.

1799, a coup d’etat (sudden overthrow of the gov’t) was led by the popular general Napoleon Bonaparte.

Napoleon took power.

Review Who was George Danton? Who was Maximilien Robespierre? What was the Reign of Terror? How did Napoleon come to power?