Bell Ringer

What are the 7 basic principles of the U.S. Constitution?

(Hint: Unit 2 - #3)

Discuss with the person next to you…

ObjectivesThe Civil War

1)Explain with details which side (N or S) was more

prepared for war.

2)Describe and detail the North’s “Anaconda Plan”.

The Union(North)

The Confederacy(South)

The Map

Background…By February 1861, SEVEN southern states had seceded. My March, only 2 forts in the

south remained controlled by the Union (north). One is Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Soldiers at Fort Sumter are in need of supplies. President Lincoln is presented

with his first major dilemma…

Fort SumterPresident Lincoln did not want to provoke a full out war, so he decided to send in FOOD supplies only!

This forced Jefferson Davis into action. Remember, he is the President of the Confederacy.(the Confederate States of America or CSA)

Davis made the first move on April 12, 1861.Davis ordered for the southern troops to begin firing on Fort Sumter, which fell very quickly.

Lincoln reacted by calling for volunteers to sign up for war. This caused Virginia to secede.By May of 1861, there were 11 members of the CSA (Confederate States of America).

Most citizens (in the north and the south) thought this would be a short war…

They were WRONG!

Who is Better Prepared for War?Civilian Resources Advantage (N or S)

Total Population North (2:1)Industrial Workers North (4:1)

Iron Production North (15:1)Food Production North

Railroads North

Who is Better Prepared for War? (cont.)

Military Resources Advantage (N or S)Eligible for Military North (4:1)

Naval Ship North (25:1)Firearm Production North (32:1)

Fighting Power North

Soooo…It seemed the north had all the advantages!

So what did the south have?

1) Cotton – the south could generate huge revenue from selling cotton on the world market

2) Generals – the south actually had better generals with a stronger military tradition

3) Mindset – the Union was the side interested in getting back together, the south was the side that seceded!

The southern strategy was very simple, play defense! The north had the more difficult task of trying to bring the United States of America back together by forcing the rebellious states in

the CSA back in with the Union.

So What’s the Plan North?

The Anaconda Plan

The Union armies would capture the Confederate

capital of Richmond Virginia

(Part 1 Slide)

The Union riverboats and armies would move down

through Mississippi cutting the south in half

(Part 3 Slide)

The Union Navy would blockade southern ports to

cut off importing (manufactured goods) or

exporting (cotton)

(Part 2 Slide)

Bell Ringer

1) The 3 parts to the Union’s “Anaconda Plan”.

2) Which side (Union or Confederacy) was more prepared for war….give

examples!

Discuss with the person next to you…

The Plan – PART 1

The 1st Battle of Bull Run

Union troops fled & the Southern morale sky-rocketed!

The battle was back and forth with the North doing well at the start.

The Confederates fought back and held the line (General Johnathan “Stonewall” Jackson)

Lincoln ordered his armies to move on Richmond

The Confederate armies were camped near Bull Run Creek

The PlanPART 2

The Union

Blockade

The Union Navy dispatched ships

to blockade military and commercial

water traffic to & from the

south

March 1862, the Monitor & Merrimack fought in a new style of naval battle

IRONCLADS

The Confederate Navy had to develop blockade runners, but was

not enough to sustain the war effort in the south

The Plan – PART 3Fort Henry & Fort

Donelson

Union commander Ulysses S. Grant took 2 strategic

forts on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers

Shiloh

While gathered near Shiloh, Grant’s forces were attacked. They were able to repel the Confederates but showed many of the

flaws for the Union.

Lower Mississippi

Commander David Farragut blew through

Confederate strong holds to take New Orleans fairly

easily.

Farragut took the southern end of Mississippi in no time, and the third part of the Anaconda Plan seemed to be working well.

The FIRST Modern War

The Civil War introduced many new technologies

that forced commanders in the field to rethink their

military strategies!

Communication

Naval Improvements

Rail Roads

Guns and mini-ball

Antietam (Background)The Second and Third parts to the Anaconda Plan (Union’s Plan) were going well, but Part 1 was

not (moving on land to capture the southern capital of Richmond).General McClellan was too cautious and refused to move, even though he had an army of 120,000 men!

VS

The Union

- General McClellan- Cautious commander- Moved slowly- Used only battle tested

tactics- After 7 Days Battle, he moved

toward the sea- Was able to get ahold of

Confederate battle plans- Met Robert E. Lee at ANTIETAM

The Confederacy

- General Robert E. Lee- Very determined- Used unorthodox tactics

- Plans included splitting his army from Jackson’s troops

- After Lee wins the Second battle of Bull Run, he goes after Washington, D.C.

- Met McClellan at ANTIETAM

Antietam (September 1862)This is the battle that has the single bloodiest day of war during the entire civil war...

September 17th = Over 26,000 casualties!!

General McClellan does not pursue General Lee’s army as they retreated. This moment represents a chance that the Civil War could have ended. Lincoln fired McClellan as soon as he

heard the news.

ActualPictures