Bell RingerBell Ringer

What are the similarities What are the similarities and differences between and differences between

the New England, the New England, Middle, and Southern Middle, and Southern Colonies? List them!Colonies? List them!

Africa, the Unknown ContinentAfrica, the Unknown Continent

• Europeans only knew the parts of Africa that touched the MediterraneanMediterranean sea.

• North Africa flourished due to the influence of Islam and its MuslimMuslim followers. The rest of Africa was fairly unknown because of the vast SaharaSahara desert.

• The Europeans couldn’t just sail down the coast line of AfricaAfrica until the 15th century because they lacked the technology to navigatenavigate the harsh windswinds.

• Vasco de Gama Vasco de Gama sailed for Portugal, and was credited with sailing around the tip of AfricaAfrica and on to India.

Africa, the Unknown ContinentAfrica, the Unknown Continent

• The African warriors were too strongstrong for the EuropeanEuropean sailors to take over the land as they had in AmericaAmerica.

• The sailing ships brought one idea with them, technologytechnology, which interested both peoples. The Europeans brought guns, cloth, kettles, iron and mirrors that the KingsKings wanted.

• The Africans had PEOPLE-PEOPLE- healthy and hardy people that could be used to mine and grow cropscrops in the place that the Europeans were calling the NEW WORLDNEW WORLD.

Slavery In AfricaSlavery In Africa• Every year WestWest African KingsKings sold about

1,000 slaves to ArabArab traders and thus became an important part of their economyeconomy.• SlavesSlaves came from the conquered and

captured during warfarewarfare.

Slavery In AfricaSlavery In Africa• Slavery in AfricaAfrica wasn’t based on racialracial

superiority or inferiority. That concept developed in the AmericasAmericas.

The Portuguese Exploit the Slave The Portuguese Exploit the Slave TradeTrade

• The desire for goldgold led the Portuguese down the coastcoast of Africa, but over time they found that tradetrade with the coastal KingsKings of Africa was more profitable.

• This trade included enslavedenslaved Africans that were rounded up by the King’s armiesarmies.

The Portuguese Exploit the Slave The Portuguese Exploit the Slave TradeTrade

• The PortuguesePortuguese developed fortified posts at key harborsharbors on the western coast of Africa, which held the slavesslaves that were waiting for transporttransport.

• Most of the slaves were then transported to the American plantationsplantations, by crossing the AtlanticAtlantic and enduring the brutal MiddleMiddle Passage.

Triangle TradeTriangle Trade

Slavery in the AmericasSlavery in the Americas• From the 1400s to the 1800’s, more than 10 million 10 million

Africans made a forced journey to the Americas.• In the beginning of the slave trade colonists treated

African slaves like indentured servantsindentured servants; they could earn their freedomfreedom.

• Soon lawslaws were passed to support permanentpermanent enslavement; children of slaves would now be slaves too

Slavery in the AmericasSlavery in the Americas• This change in the law promoted the racistracist

idea that people of African origin were inferior to whites.

• 41% 41% of African slaves went to Caribbean Islands; 37% 37% went to Portuguese Brazil; 15% went to SpanishSpanish America; and only 4.5% 4.5% went to the BritishBritish colonies.

Africans in the AmericasAfricans in the Americas• Enslaved familiesfamilies were often broken up at slave

auctionsauctions to make it more difficult to escape or rebel.

• Slaves in the NorthNorth usually worked as farmhands, dockworkers, sailorssailors, and servants.

• In the SouthernSouthern Colonies slaves made up 40% 40% of the population and worked on the large plantations.– Here, they worked 1212 hour days; 6 days a week and

livedlived in huts with dirt floors, no windows, and almost no furniture.

Africans in the AmericasAfricans in the Americas• Some enslaved Africans would rebelrebel, but running

away was more commoncommon; others would rebel by working slowly, pretending to be sick, or breaking tools

• Most Africans remained slaves for lifelife, but some did become freefree; most of these lived in small free black communities in the northernnorthern colonies.

A New CultureA New Culture• In the colonies, African Americans

developed a rich cultureculture based on African traditionstraditions and life in America.• Those African traditions were a blendblend of

many different AfricanAfrican cultures and lifestyleslifestyles.

A New CultureA New Culture• Most African Americans adopted ChristianityChristianity,

and blended it with some of their own beliefsbeliefs.• They also modified African instrumentsinstruments

including banjosbanjos, rattles, and drumsdrums to create a musicmusic that focused on rhythm and percussion.

Exit TicketExit Ticket

What was the What was the saddest part of saddest part of

the Middle the Middle Passage?Passage?

Off The TeeHow were the New How were the New

England colonies England colonies involved in the involved in the

Triangular Trade?Triangular Trade?

In The Hole

Which of the 13 Which of the 13 colonies would you colonies would you most like to live in?most like to live in?

Off The Tee

List any terms from List any terms from the board that you the board that you

aren’t sure you could aren’t sure you could define if you had to?define if you had to?

In The Hole

How do you think How do you think you did on the test? you did on the test? Did the study guide Did the study guide

help?help?