Bell Work

• 1. What type of tissue is blood? (epithelial, connective, muscular, or nervous)

• 2. What types of blood cells do we have?

BLOOD

Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body

Hematophobia= fear of blood

Blood and Blood CellsBlood is a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE

It has two basic components:

CELLS  (rbc, wbc, platelets)  = 45%

Plasma (water, proteins, amino acids..etc)  = 55%

Hematocrit - volume of blood cells in a sample, should be 45%. The remaining fluid is plasma (55%). To determine the percentages, blood is placed in a centrifuge

Three Types of Blood Cells red blood cells (erythrocytes)white blood cells (leukocytes)platelets (thrombocytes)

Biconcave discs5 million per cubic millimeterLack nuclei

HEMATOPOEISIS – formation of blood cells (bone marrow)

Liver & Spleen - phagocytosis

Main Functions of RBCs

Transports oxygen, picks up carbon dioxide

HEMOGLOBIN - molecule that combines with O2 IRON is critical to synthesize hemoglobin

Oxygen Levels

Oxyhemoglobin =         plenty of oxygen; bright red

Deoxyhemoglobin =         low in O2, “bluish red”

Elements Critical to RBC Production

• Folic Acid• Vitamin B12• Iron

Too few RBC = anemia

WHITE BLOOD CELLS(Leukocytes)

• General function is to protect the body against disease

• There are FIVE different kinds of WBCs

Granulocytes (granular cytoplasm)           Neutrophils, Eosinophils, BasophilsAgranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm)           Monocytes, Lymphocytes

Neutrophil (nucleus has several lobes)

Active phagocytes60% of WBC

Present in the pus of wounds

Basophil Produces Heparin and Histamines

Important in Inflammatory Reaction

1% WBC

Eosinophil

Mainly attack parasites2% WBC

Monocyte (larger cell, horseshoe shaped nucleus)

Become macro-phages

Lymphocyte(nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell; almost no cytoplasm seen)

Defense against invaders

Yield Antibodies30% WBC

Left: Lymphoctye | Right: Neutrophil

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Blood clots and vessel repair

Plasma Proteins

• Albumins – blood pressure• Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma) – transport

lipids and antibodies for immunity• Fibrinogen – important for blood clotting

MAJOR EVENT IN BLOOD CLOTTING =

Fibrinogen converted to FIBRIN

PLASMA

The liquid portion of blood is 92% water

Also contains nutrients, gases, vitamins (etc) and plasma proteins

This machine removes the plasma from the blood and returns the RBC’s to the donor.

HEMOSTASIS

The process of stopping bleedingInvolves the coagulation and clotting of the blood to seal the site of damage

1.  Blood Vessel Spasm    Seratonin = vasoconstrictor  2.  Platelet plug formation 3.   Blood coagulationconversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

*thrombin is an enzyme that causes the conversion

THREE EVENTS IN HEMOSTASIS

Hemostasis

Blood Clot Formation Animated(Video)

2D animation Medivisual

COAGULATION  -  the thickening of blood to form a clot  (hematoma)

THROMBUS – blood clot (abnormal)

EMBOLUS – when the clot moves to another place.

 What is DVT?        Video:  Deep Vein Thrombosis

 What is a Pulmonary Embolism?

         Video:  Pulmonary Embolism