Bell Work 9/2/14

1

1. What element is Group 1 and Period 4?

Potassium

2. What is that element’s atomic number?19

3. How many electrons does it have?19

4. What is its atomic mass?

39.098

5. How many neutrons does it have?

39 – 19 = 20

On your desk :1. PRIDE card2. IN3. Pencil/Pen

Properties of MINERALS

ADD TO YOUR TABLE

OF CONTENTS!!

A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.

What is a mineral?

Mineral Groups

• Everything on Earth is classified into various categories based on certain properties and minerals are no different!

2 Groups

• Silicate Minerals

• Non-Silicate Minerals

Silicate Minerals

• Minerals that contain Silicon, Oxygen, and one or more other element.

• Silicon and oxygen are the two most common elements in the Earth’s crust

• Examples: quartz, feldspar, and mica

Non-Silicate Minerals

• Minerals that do not contain a combination of silicon and oxygen.

• They may contain carbon, fluorine, and sulfur.

• Examples: copper, calcite, fluorite, corundum, gypsum, and galena

Solid• Cannot be a liquid, gas, or

plasma.

Inorganic• It is non-living. It is NOT alive

and never was.

Naturally Occurring• Found in nature, not man-

made.

Crystal Form• A definite structure in which

atoms are arranged.

Minerals have 4 properties

– Is it a solid?– Is it Inorganic(non-living)material?– Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)?– Does it have a Crystalline structure?

When trying to figure out if it is a mineral or not THINK SINC!!!!

Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C)

1.

2.

3.

13.

Output side of IN

Wood

• Is it a solid? YES• Is it Inorganic (non-living) material? NO• Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)? YES• Does it have a Crystalline structure? YES

THINK SINC!!!!

Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C)

1. Wood

2.

3.

13.

Non-mineral It ISN’T Inorganic

Output side of IN

Gold

Fossil

Topaz

Bones

Granite

Quartz

Pearls

Talc

Icebergs

Diamond

Coal

Rock Salt

Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C)

1. Wood

2.

3.

13.

Non-mineral It ISN’T Inorganic

Output side of IN

GoldMINERAL!

FossilNonMINERAL!

TopazMINERAL!

BonesNonMINERAL!

GraniteNonMINERAL!

QuartzMINERAL!

PearlsNonMINERAL!

TalcMINERAL!

IcebergsMINERAL!

Diamond MINERAL!

CoalNonMINERAL!

Rock SaltMINERAL!

You now know how to identify if an item is a mineral!!

NOW we need to learn how to identify specific types of minerals!!

Let’s get our READ-ON!Mineral Identification

Chapter 1- Section 2 Pages 8 – 11

Let’s get our READ-ON!Mineral IdentificationChapter 1- Section 2 Pages 8 – 11

• Read and outline Section 2 in your “IN”

• Helpful hints:- Summarize each main

section

- Highlight vocabulary words and define them

- Write down examples to help you remember

Mineral Identification:Chapter 1: Section 2Pages 8-11

Color

Luster

Bell Work 8/30/131. What are the 4 properties of

minerals?• THINK SINC!!

– Solid– Inorganic– Naturally occurring– Crystalline structure

2. What are the 2 groups of minerals? List two examples of each.• Silicates – quartz, feldspar, and mica• Nonsilicates- copper, calcite, fluorite,

corundum, gypsum, and galena

On your desk you should have:1. Agenda (opened to

PRIDE card)2. Interactive Notebook3. Pencil/Pen

Warm-up 9/3/13

1. List the 7 tests used to identify minerals.2. Put a star next to the test you think is the most reliable. Why did you choose that test?

Color

Luster

Streak

Cleavage and Fracture

Hardness

Density

Special Properties

Identifying Minerals• Geologists use 7 simple tests to identify minerals.• The tests are based on a mineral’s physical and chemical

properties.• 7 tests

– Color– Luster– Streak– Cleavage and Fracture– Hardness– Density– Special Properties

Color• Color- What does it look like?• Least reliable test to determine a mineral

– Many different minerals have the same color– Minerals can weather and change color

Beryl containing iron (Fe) = blue, yellow, or green

Beryl containing Manganese(Mn) = pink or red

Beryl containing Chromium(Cr)= green

Warm-up 9/4/13

1. Minerals are inorganic, what exactly does that mean?

2. List 3 other inorganic things:• 1. • 2.• 3.

Inorganic = not alive and never were alive.

Luster• Luster- The way a

surface reflects light.• 3 types of luster

• Metallic- Bright and reflective

• Submetallic – Dull and reflective

• Non-Metallic- waxy, pearly, earthy, silky, vitreous, plastic

Streak• Streak- the color of a mineral in powdered form.• Rub a mineral across a piece of porcelain called a

streak plate• Good indicator of a minerals true color because the

streak is not affected by air or water.

Cleavage and FractureCleavage and Fracture- Describes how a mineral breaks

Cleavage- the mineral breaks along flat

surfaces

Fracture- the mineral breaks with a rough edge (uneven, curved, irregular)

Warm-up 9/5/13

• What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?

• Draw an example of each one and label it.

Cleavage Fracture

Hardness

• Hardness- a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

• Based on a 1-10 scale called Moh’s Hardness Scale

• 1 = easily scratched• 10 = resistance to scratching

If I rubbed Quartz and

Calcite together which

one would scratch?

Density

• Density- the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

• Measured in gm/cm3 • One of the best indicators

of a mineral’s identity.

Pyrite- 5.2 gm/cm3 Gold- 19.3 gm/cm3

Special Properties• Fluorescence- Calcite and Fluorite glow under ultraviolet light.

• Magnetism- Magnetite and Pyrrhotite are natural magnets.

• Chemical Reaction- Calcite will “fizz” when you put a drop of acid on it.

• Taste- Halite has a salty taste.

• Optical Properties- A thin piece of calcite placed over an image will cause a double image.

• Radioactivity- Minerals that contain radium or uranium can be detected by a Geiger counter.

Warm-up 9/6/13Take a look at the mineral Cobalt and write down your observations based on the following tests:1. Color-

2. Luster-

3. Does it have fracture or cleavage?

Warm-up 9/16/12

• When you are doing a streak test, what is the plate that you rub the mineral against made of?

• What is the name of the Hardness scale we use to identify minerals?

Porcelain

Moh’s Hardness Scale

Mineral video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9ifD32vtVA