Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal Industrial Emissions ...5.5.6 Oweninny Wind Farm 38 5.5.7 Cluddaun...

Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal Licence Extension Application Natura Impact Statement

Natura Impact Statement October 2014 Page 1 of 79

Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal

Industrial Emissions Licence Reg No P0738-01

Application for an extension to the period specified in Condition 1.5

NATURA IMPACT STATEMENT (NIS)

An ecological impact assessment to support the Appropriate Assessment Process

prepared for

Shell E & P Ireland Ltd

by

Jenny Neff CEcol CEnv FCIEEM

EACS – Ecological Advisory and Consultancy Services

October 2014

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Title

Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal Industrial Emissions Licence Reg No P0738-01

Application for an extension to the period specified in Condition 1.5

NATURA IMPACT STATEMENT (NIS)

An ecological impact assessment to support the Appropriate

Assessment Process

Prepared for Shell E & P Ireland Ltd

by

Jenny Neff BSc(Hons) MSc(Ecol)CEcol CEnv FCIEEM

EACS – Ecological Advisory and Consultancy Services

Issue /Rev. No Prepared and collated by

Issued to Date

Final

JN/EACS

SEPIL

30 October 2014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

1. INTRODUCTION 6

1.1 The requirement for an assessment under Article 6 6

1.2 The aim of this report 6

1.3 Background - an overview of the Corrib Gas Development 6

1.4 Constraints 7

2. THE APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 8

2.1 Introduction 8

2.2 Stages 9

3. THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ECIA) 10

3.1 Introduction 10

3.2 Impact assessment methodology 10

3.3 Description of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal 10

4. EUROPEAN SITES 12

4.1 Ecological characteristics of the European sites 13

4.1.1 Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC (site code: IE000500) 14

4.1.2 Blacksod Bay / Broadhaven SPA (site code IE 004037) 15

4.1.3 Broadhaven Bay SAC (Site Code IE 000472) 17

4.1.4 Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC (Site Code IE 000476) 17

4.1.5 Carrowmore Lake SPA (Site Code IE 004052) 18

4.1.6 Slieve Fyagh Bog SAC (Site Code IE 000542) 19

4.1.7 Mullet/Blacksod Complex SAC (Site Code IE 000470) 20

4.1.8 Erris Head SAC (Site Code 001501) 21

4.1.9 Owenduff/Nephin Complex SAC (Site Code IE 000534) 21

4.1.10 Owenduff/Nephin Complex SPA (Site Code IE 004098) 22

4.1.11 Bellacorick Bog Complex SAC (Site Code 001922) 22

4.1.12 Stags of Broad Haven SPA (Site Code IE 004072) 23

4.1.13 Illanmaster SPA (Site Code IE 004074) 23

4.2 European sites in the wider locality 24

4.2.1 West Connacht Coast SAC (Site Code IE 002998) 24

4.2.2 Mullet Peninsula SPA (Site Code IE 004227) 24

4.2.3 Termoncarragh Lake and Annagh Machair SPA (Site Code IE 004093) 24

4.2.4 Inishglora and Inishkeeragh Islands SPA (Site Code IE Site Code 004084) 25

4.2.5 Inishkea Islands SAC (Site Code IE 000507) 25

4.2.6 Inishkea Islands SPA (Site Code IE 004004) 26

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page

4.2.7 Duvillaun Islands SAC (Site Code IE 000495) 26

4.2.8 Duvillaun Islands SPA (Site Code IE 004111) 26

5. ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY EFFECTS 28

5.1 Consideration of significance 28

5.2 Elements of the activity with potential to have significant effects 29

5.2.1 Emissions to water 29

5.2.2 Emissions to atmosphere 30

5.2.3 Noise emissions 31

5.2.4 Light emissions 32

5.3 Impacts on European sites 32

5.3.1 Emissions to water 32

5.3.2 Emissions to atmosphere 33

5.3.3 Noise emissions 34

5.3.4 Light emissions 34

5.4 Potential impacts on European sites in the wider locality 34

5.5 Cumulative impacts 34

5.5.1 Introduction 34

5.5.2 Corrib Onshore Pipeline Development 35

5.5.3 Corrib Offshore Pipeline and Offshore Development 36

5.5.4 Srahmore Peat Deposition Project 37

5.5.5 Mayo Galway Natural Gas Pipeline 37

5.5.6 Oweninny Wind Farm 38

5.5.7 Cluddaun Wind Farm 38

5.5.8 Belmullet Wave Energy Test Site 39

5.5.9 Mayo Renewables 39

5.5.10 Others 40

5.5.11 Overall Cumulative Impact of All Projects 40

6. MITIGATION MEASURES 41

7. RESIDUAL IMPACTS ON EUROPEAN SITES 42

8. CONCLUSIONS 43

9. REFERENCES 44

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TABLES

Table1: Distances from the Terminal and 12.7km outfall location to European sites in the Natura 2000 network in vicinity and in the wider area. 12

Table 2: Non-European designated conservation sites within 15km of the Terminal 12

Table 3: Distances from the Corrib Onshore Pipeline to the European sites 36

Table 4: Distances from the Corrib Offshore Pipeline and Offshore Development to European Sites

36

Table 5: Distance from Srahmore Peat Deposition Site to the European Sites 37

Table 6: Distances from the Mayo Galway Natural Gas Pipeline to European Sites 37

Table 7: Distances from the Oweninny Wind farm to the European Sites 38

Table 8: Distances from the Belmullet Wave Energy Test Site to the European Sites 39

FIGURE Figure 1: Map to show European sites and other conservation designations within a 15km radius of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal and the 12.7km outfall location.

APPENDICES Appendix 1: Site synopses for European sites of the Natura 2000 network located in the vicinity of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal and associated project elements.

Appendix 2: Evaluation and impact magnitude tables 2.1: Ecological Site Evaluation Criteria (derived from NRA and IEEM EcIA Guidelines) 2.2: NRA EcIA criteria for assessing impact magnitude 2.3: EPA Guidelines – Glossary of impacts

Appendix 3: Summary screening matrix in relation to the Extension Application

Appendix 4: Summary of relevant environmental baseline data in respect of air, noise and water

Appendix 4.1: Corrib baseline air quality

Appendix 4.2: Corrib baseline noise summary 4.2.1: Background Noise Environment 4.2.2: Bellanaboy Gas Terminal Background Noise Review (Report by Clarke Saunders Associates, 24 September 2014)

Appendix 4.3: Summary overview of the aquatic receiving environment 4.3.1: Marine 4.3.2: Freshwater habitats in the wider vicinity of the Terminal 4.3.3: Water related baseline reports

Appendix A: Water related baseline reports (A1 to A29)

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE REQUIREMENT FOR AN ASSESSMENT UNDER ARTICLE 6

The requirement for appropriate assessment is set out in Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild flora and fauna (EU Habitats Directive) in Article 6.3 which states:

‘any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives’

1.2 THE AIM OF THIS REPORT

This Natura Impact Statement (NIS) has been prepared in accordance with European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 (SI 477 of 2011) and the current guidance from the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS, 2009, Revised February 2010), and provides an ecological impact assessment (EcIA) for the operation of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal (“Terminal”) for the extension of the period specified in Condition 1.5 of the licence P0738-01 by 2 years. Shell E & P Ireland Ltd proposes to apply to the Environmental Protection Agency for an extension of two years to the 7 year period specified in Condition 1.5 of Industrial Emission Licence P0738-01 (previously Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Licence (P0738-01).(Extension Application) This NIS has been prepared to accompany the Extension Application. The NIS provides the information required to establish whether or not the Extension Application is likely to have a significant effect on the European sites in view of best scientific knowledge and of the sites’ conservation objectives and specifically on the habitats and species for which the sites have been designated. There are a number of European sites in the vicinity of the Terminal and in the wider locality. These are listed in Table 1, Section 4 below. By taking the ecological impact assessment in a step by step manner in relation to the habitats and species of these sites, together with their conservation objectives, this report seeks to inform the screening process required at the first stage of the process pursuant to Article 6.3 of the EU Habitats Directive and also based on best scientific knowledge to provide full and detailed examination, analysis and evaluation of all aspects of the Extension Application in light of the conservation objectives of any European Site required for the second stage, that of Appropriate Assessment, should the competent authority determine that such an appropriate assessment (Appropriate Assessment) is required. This NIS has been prepared by Jenny Neff CEcol CEnv FCIEEM of EACS - Ecological Advisory and Consultancy Services in association Shell E & P Ireland Ltd (SEPIL) with input from Arup, RSK Environment Ltd. and Clarke Saunders Associates. This NIS should be read by reference to the Terminal EIS 2003 which was submitted with application for P0738-01 in December 2004.

1.3 BACKGROUND - AN OVERVIEW OF THE CORRIB GAS DEVELOPMENT

The Corrib natural gas field is located 83 kilometres offshore of County Mayo. This medium sized gas field is being developed as a subsea ‘tie-back’ facility, connected by a pipeline to an onshore processing terminal located approximately 9 kilometres inland. The Corrib Field was discovered in 1996 by Enterprise Energy Ireland Ltd, which was subsequently acquired by the Royal Dutch Shell Group in 2002. The Corrib Gas Partners are Shell E&P Ireland Limited (SEPIL), Statoil Exploration (Ireland) Limited and Vermilion Energy Ireland Limited.

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The Corrib gas field development consists of a series of gas wells and seabed infrastructure in the Corrib field, a manifold that will gather the flow of gas from each of the wells, and a pipeline to the onshore gas terminal located at Bellanaboy Bridge. The gas pipeline comes ashore at Glengad in Broadhaven Bay from where it will run underground to the Terminal. There will also be a multipurpose umbilical that runs from the Terminal to the Corrib field. A treated water outfall pipeline for the discharge of treated surface water run-off from the Terminal site will run along the route of the pipeline between the Terminal and a point offshore approximately 12.7km from the landfall. A Landfall Valve Installation will be situated close to the landfall of the offshore pipeline, its function being to limit the pressure of the gas in the onshore section of the pipeline. All of the statutory permits and consents necessary to develop the Corrib gas field and associated facilities and infrastructure were in place at the end of 2004 when construction commenced. By November 2009 the offshore production facilities had been installed and the 83km offshore section of the Corrib pipeline between the field and the landfall had been laid. To allow the connection of the Corrib development with the national gas distribution network the 150km Galway to Mayo pipeline was completed in 2006 and is now connected to the Terminal. While significant progress has been made on all elements of the project, challenges were encountered resulting in delays and necessary amendments to the routing of the onshore pipeline. Construction on the consented 8.3 km onshore section of the Corrib pipeline, the last major project element, commenced in July 2011 and tunnelling under Sruwaddacon Bay had been completed and the installation of the gas pipe in the tunnel was well advanced at the time of writing this NIS. An overview of the Terminal and its operation is presented at 3.3 and a description of the activity and operations, the subject matter of the Extension Application, is set out in further detail at paragraph 3.3 below.

1.4 CONSTRAINTS

No constraints apply to the preparation of this Natura Impact Statement.

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2. THE APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT PROCESS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Article 6(3) of the EU Habitats Directive sets out the requirements to carry out an Appropriate Assessment. The first step of the Appropriate Assessment process is to establish whether, in relation to a particular plan or project, Appropriate Assessment is required. Article 6(3) states:

‘Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site’s conservation objectives. In the light of the conclusions of the assessment of the implications for the site and subject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and, if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the general public.’

A number of guidance documents on the appropriate assessment process have been referred to during the preparation of this NIS. These are:

SI 477 of 2011 European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011

Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland - Guidance for Planning Authorities (NPWS 2009, Revised February 2010);

EU Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the 'Habitats Directive' 92/43/EEC (2007),

Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites. Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Nov. 2001 – published 2002) ; and

Managing Natura 2000 Sites: The provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC (2000).

Should a decision be reached to the effect that it cannot be said with sufficient certainty that the operation of the Terminal is not likely to have significant effects on the Natura 2000 sites, then, as is stated above, it is necessary and appropriate to carry out an appropriate assessment on the basis of scientific information of the implications of the operation of the Terminal for the European sites in view of their conservation objectives. The guidance for Appropriate Assessment (NPWS, 2009, revised February 2010) states:

“AA is an impact assessment process that fits within the decision-making framework and tests of Articles 6(3) and 6(4) and, for the purposes of this guidance, it comprises two main elements. Firstly a Natura Impact Statement – i.e. a statement of the likely and possible impacts of the plan or project on a Natura 2000 site (abbreviated in the following guidance to “NIS”) must be prepared. This comprises a comprehensive ecological impact assessment of a plan or project; it examines the direct and indirect impacts that the plan or project might have on its own or in combination with other plans and projects, on one or more Natura 2000 sites in view of the sites’ conservation objectives. Secondly, the competent authority carries out the AA, based on the NIS and any other information it may consider necessary. The AA process encompasses all of the processes covered by Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive, i.e. the screening process, the NIS, the AA by the competent authority, and the record of decisions made by the competent authority at each stage of the process, up to the point at which Article 6(4) may come into play following a determination that a plan or project may adversely affect the integrity of a Natura 2000 site”.

The legislative requirements in screening for appropriate assessment and carrying out on appropriate assessment, is set out in Part 5 of SI 477 of 2011 European Communities (Bird and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 2011 (SI 477 of 2011).

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2.2 STAGES

The European Commission’s guidance and the national guidance promotes a four stage Appropriate Assessment process, as set out in Box 1 below and outlines the tests namely Screening for Appropriate Assessment and Appropriate Assessment if required at each stage. Stages 1 and 2 deal with the main requirements for assessment under Article 6(3), Stage 3 may be part of Article 6(3) or a necessary precursor for Stage 4.

This NIS includes the ecological impact assessment and testing required under the provisions of Article 6(3) by means of the first stage of Appropriate Assessment, the screening process (as set out in the EU Guidance and national guidance documents).

The NIS also provides the information required for the Competent Authority to complete the Appropriate Assessment (Stage 2) should this be necessary and appropriate in their opinion. An evaluation of alternatives has also been provided to demonstrate that all feasible alternatives for the proposed development had been considered and that the option with the least ecological impact has been selected. See Section 4 of the Terminal EIS 2003. With regard to the screening process (Stage 1), EU Commission guidance

1 states:

“This stage examines the likely effects of a project or plan, either alone or in combination with other projects or plans, upon a Natura 2000 site and considers whether it can be objectively concluded that these effects will not be significant. This assessment comprises four steps:

determining whether the project or plan is directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site;

describing the project or plan and the description and characterisation of other projects or plans that in combination have the potential for having significant effects on the Natura 2000 site;

identifying the potential effects on the Natura 2000 site;

assessing the significance of any effects on the Natura 2000 site”.

Furthermore, Article 42 of S.I 477 of 2011 stipulates that screening for Appropriate Assessment of a plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of a European Site shall be carried out by the competent authority to assess, in view of best scientific knowledge and in view of the conservation objectives of the site, if that plan or project, individually or in combination with other plans or projects is likely to have a significant effect on the European site.

1 Paragraph 3.1 of ‘Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites. Methodological Guidance on the

provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Nov. 2001)

Box 1 – Stages of Appropriate Assessment

1

Screening

2

AA

3

Alternatives

4

IROPI

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3. THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EcIA)

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The approach and methodology to the EcIA for this NIS has been undertaken with due regard to the EPA Advice Notes on Current Practice (2003); EPA ‘Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements’ (2002); and the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management’s Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment (IEEM, 2006) and with reference to the National Roads Authority Guidelines (NRA) for ecological impact assessment (Revision 2, 2009). The ecological characteristics and conservation objectives of European sites in the vicinity of the Terminal and in the wider area are described in Section 4 below, followed by Assessment of Likely Effects, Mitigation Measures and Residual impacts on European Sites in Sections 5, 6 and 7 respectively. Conclusions are set out in section 8. The relevant sections of the Terminal EIS 2003 together with their associated technical reports should be referred to for further detail in relation to species and habitats, in particular Sections 6 and 7 relating to: terrestrial flora and fauna, freshwater ecology and the marine environment. Updated scientific information in relation to the receiving environment is provided in Appendix 4. In accordance with legislation in force at the time

2, and prior to the enactment of SI 477 of 2011, the

Terminal EIS (RSK, 2003) provided the information required for an assessment of plans and projects under the Article 6(3) of the EU Habitats Directive. However following the enactment of SI 477 of 2011 and, in accordance with new practice guidelines, the requirements have changed and this NIS has been prepared for the purposes of this Extension Application to take account of the legislative changes. This NIS contains an assessment of the likely effects and residual impacts on European Sites and taking account of the best scientific knowledge and the conservation objectives of each European Site, concludes in Section 8 that it can be determined that this Extension Application either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, is not likely to have a significant effect on a European Site.

3.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

The criteria used in this NIS for assessing impact level have been derived from those set out in the NRA EcIA Guidelines and expanded in order to be able to address issues such as habitat quality. For the purpose of this NIS, terminology for impact significance and duration follows that set out in the EPA Advice Notes on Current Practice (2003). Evaluation and Impact Magnitude Tables, together with impact significance and duration, are set out in Appendix 2 of this NIS. The potential impact magnitude described at Appendix 2 without mitigation, is negative unless otherwise stated as being positive or neutral.

3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE BELLANABOY BRIDGE GAS TERMINAL

Shell E & P (Ireland) Limited (SEPIL) propose to operate the Terminal to receive and treat natural gas extracted from the Corrib Field (offshore) for export to the Irish national natural gas transmission network. The facilities at the Terminal will be used to monitor and control the operation of the entire Corrib Field facilities, including the onshore Terminal, the onshore and offshore pipeline as well as the offshore sub-sea facilities such that gas production meets demand and to ensure that operations are conducted in a safe and environmentally sound manner.

2 SI 940/1997 European Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations 1997.

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The Corrib Field is a natural gas field located below the seabed in the Atlantic Ocean ca. 65km off the Mayo coastline and at ca. 350 metres water depth. The Terminal is located near Bellanaboy Bridge, Bellagelly South, Co. Mayo. Planning permission for the construction of the Terminal was granted by An Bord Pleanala in October 2004. The total Terminal site area is ca. 160 hectares, and the footprint of the Terminal itself occupies an area of ca. 13 hectares within the total site area. The site was formerly part of the Peatland Experimentation Station, Glenamoy, established by the Department of Agriculture in 1955, and was developed with the primary aim of finding suitable methods to reclaim and fertilise blanket bog for agricultural and forestry use. The site was administered by the Soils Division of An Foras Taluntais (the agricultural institute, now Teagasc) from 1959 and was wound down towards the late 1970s – early 1980s. The land was subsequently managed by Coillte Teo, and used for commercial forestry. The blocks of land in which the Terminal is located are part of an area formerly used for grass productivity trials, which had been subject to drainage and substantial applications of fertiliser. The dominant vegetation types, conifer plantations and shelterbelt species present prior to construction of the Terminal reflected the past management practices. During the site preparation for the construction of the Terminal approximately 650,000m

3 of peat, rock

and soil was excavated in order to create a construction platform on which to build the Terminal. Of this, approximately 450,000m

3 was transported under licence approximately 10 km by road to a

cutover peatland, owned and operated by Bord na Mona, at Srahmore. Approximately 200,000m3 of

excavated material was re-used on the site. The construction of the Terminal itself is now complete. The Terminal will treat the incoming gas to meet Bord Gáis specification prior to export to the distribution network. The Terminal is designed to treat up to 350 million standard cubic feet (9.9 million standard cubic metres) of natural gas per day from the Corrib Field. The Terminal will operate on a 24-hour, 365-day per year basis. The Terminal will employ a total of ca. 50 full-time staff during operation and will be manned on a 24-hour basis. A further 50 to 70 personnel will be engaged when security personnel, contractors and support staff at the Belmullet office are included. The types of plant and processes to be used in the Terminal are well proven and utilise ‘best available techniques’ (BAT) and will be operated using ‘best available practice’. The technologies and systems used to minimise and control environmental emissions can be considered BAT. As set out above this is an Extension Application and does not propose to amend or alter the nature of the activity permitted under Licence P0738-01. Some minor authorised changes which are listed below have taken place since the grant of the Licence P0738-01. These changes were required pursuant to the conditions of Licence P0738-01 or implicit in Licence P0738-01 and include the following;

Updated location of septic tank and Puraflo modules to take account of ground conditions;

NOx reduction using selective catalytic reduction.

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4. EUROPEAN SITES

The Terminal site is not located within any European site or within any other national or international conservation designation area. A number of European sites are located in the vicinity of the Terminal and associated project elements and also in the wider locality. The 2003 Terminal EIS listed sites in the immediate vicinity of the Terminal. In light of updated guidance documentation on Appropriate Assessment (NPWS, 2009) and the requirements of SI 477, the EU Habitats and Birds Regulations (2011), sites in the wider locality are considered for the purposes of this Extension Application. Distances from the Terminal to European sites are listed in Table 1, which includes sites added to the Natura 2000 network since 2003. Other designated conservation sites, including Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs), are listed in Table 2. Figure 1 shows European and other designated conservation sites in the wider north Mayo area in relation to 15km zones from the Terminal and the 12.7km outfall location. The latter is shown in order to put the project elements in context. Island sites off the west coast of the Mullet peninsula are included because of their relationship to, and connectivity with, other sites such as the recently designated West Connacht Coast SAC – albeit that some of these sites are at a considerably greater distance from elements of the Corrib project.

Table 1: Distances from the Terminal and 12.7km outfall location to European sites in the Natura 2000 network in vicinity and in the wider area.

European site Site Name Site Code Distance from the Terminal

Distance from 12.7km

outfall

Special Area of Conservation (SAC)

Glenamoy Bog Complex 0000500 1.8 km 7.9 km

Broadhaven Bay 0000472 6.5 km 0.5 km

Carrowmore Lake Complex 0000476 1.3 km 16.9 km

Slieve Fyagh Bog 0000542 1.8 km 21.1 km

Mullet/Blacksod Bay Complex 0000470 11.5 km 9.3 km

Erris Head 0001501 14.3 km 2.2 km

Owenduff/Nephin Complex 0000534 10.2 km 26.3 km

Bellacorick Bog Complex 0001922 10.5 km 29.7 km

West Connacht Coast 0002998 18.4 km 1.0 km

Inishkea Islands 000507 33 km 22 km

Duvillaun Islands 000495 34 km 30 km

Special Protection Areas (SPA)

Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven 004037 1.9 km 7.8 km

Carrowmore Lake 004052 2.9 km 16.9 km

Owenduff/Nephin Complex 004098 10.2 km 26.3 km

Stags of Broad Haven 004072 14.1 km 13.1 km

Illanmaster 004074 11.4 km 21.9 km

Mullet Peninsula 004227 17.8 km 9.3 km

Termoncarragh Lake & Annagh Machair

004093 19.5km 9.6 km

Inishglora and Iniskeeragh Islands

004084 27.5 km 16 km

Inishkea Islands 004004 33 km 22km

Duvillaun Islands 004111 34 km 30 km

Table 2: Non-european designated conservation sites within 15km of the Terminal

Other Conservation Designations

Site Name Site Code Distance from the Terminal

National: Natural Heritage Area (NHA)

Pollatomish Bog 1548 1.4 km

Glenturk More Bog 2419 3.0 km

Ederglen Bog 2446 4.0 km

Tristia Bog 1566 6.0km

Tullaghan Bay and Bog 1567 8.5 km

Inagh Bog 2391 12.5 km

International: Ramsar Site

Blacksod Bay / Broadhaven 844 1.9 km

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4.1 ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EUROPEAN SITES

The following sections describe the ecological features of the European sites in vicinity of the Terminal. Although not directly affected by the operation of the Terminal in terms of emissions to air and water (treated surface water and the treated produced water discharges) the ecological features of sites in the wider locality are also outlined below for completeness. Thus, the Broadhaven Bay SAC and the West Connacht Coast SAC, and adjoining island sites have been considered and assessed because of the physical connection through the waters of the Atlantic. As stated in Section 3, the 2003 Terminal EIS, in line with current practice at the time, listed sites in the immediate vicinity of the Terminal. In light of updated guidance documentation on Appropriate Assessment (NPWS, 2009) and the requirements of SI 477, the EU Habitats and Birds Regulations (2011), sites in the wider locality are considered in this NIS.

The following conservation objectives apply to all sites3:

“The overall aim of the Habitats Directive is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation status of habitats and species of community interest. These habitats and species are listed in the Habitats

4 and Birds

5 Directives and Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection

Areas are designated to afford protection to the most vulnerable of them. These two designations are collectively known as the Natura 2000 network.

European and national legislation places a collective obligation on Ireland and its citizens to maintain habitats and species in the Natura 2000 network at favourable conservation condition. The Government and its agencies are responsible for the implementation and enforcement of regulations that will ensure the ecological integrity of these sites.

The maintenance of habitats and species within Natura 2000 sites at favourable conservation condition will contribute to the overall maintenance of favourable conservation status of those habitats and species at a national level.

Favourable conservation status of a habitat is achieved when:

its natural range, and area it covers within that range, are stable or increasing, and

the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its long‐term maintenance

exist

and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, and

the conservation status of its typical species is favourable.

The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when:

population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on

a long‐term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and

the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and

there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its

populations on a long‐term basis.”

Conservation objectives for the European sites in the Natura 2000 network have been downloaded on 20 August 2014 - as published - from the website of the National Parks and Wildlife Service of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. (http://www.npws.ie/). A

3 NPWS (2011) Conservation objectives Generic Version 4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage & the Gaeltacht.

4 Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural

habitats and of wild flora and fauna 5 EU Directive 79/409/EEC of 2nd April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (the Birds Directive)

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brief summary and the conservation objectives for the sites listed in Table 1 are set out below. In some cases, the site selection criteria (qualifying interests) as set out in the conservation objectives differ from those listed in earlier Natura Data Forms. Where this is the case it is indicated accordingly, generally such changes are in relation to SPAs in the context of migratory bird species. Site synopses for those European sites in the immediate vicinity of the Terminal and associated project elements have also been downloaded from the website (20 August 2014) and are set out in Appendix 1. The likely significant effect of the Extension Application on the Ecological characteristics of each site is considered in further detail at paragraph 5 below.

4.1.1 Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC (site code: IE000500)

This is an extensive site on the north Mayo coast, underlain by metamorphic rocks mostly of schists and quartzites, and covers an area of 12,901.8 hectares. It is dominated by low-level, undulating blanket bog, rising to the high peaks of Maumkeogh (379m) and Benmore (343m) to the east, and a fringe of high sea-cliffs (up to 275m) on the northern fringe. The area is drained by four rivers: Muingnabo, Glenamoy, Belderg and Glenglasra. The site includes one medium sized lake. Owing to its exposed position, the site receives rainfall with high concentrations of magnesium and potassium. In addition to the qualifying annexed habitats, the site has marine and estuarine systems, salt marsh and various types of heath, grassland and exposed rock. Many of the areas surrounding the site are now planted with conifers. The SAC includes Sruwaddacon Bay, and the small bay to the north of Rossport both of which are also within the Blacksod Bay / Broadhaven SPA (site code 004037). Sruwaddacon Bay is a shallow tidal inlet which forms an integral part of the Glenamoy River salmonid fishery. The SAC 0000500 has been extended to include the salmonid habitats of the Glenamoy and Muingnabo Rivers and many of their tributary streams. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS. Conservation objectives

The site specific conservation objective for the Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitat(s) and/or the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

[1106] Salmo salar (only in fresh water)

[1230] Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts

[1393] Drepanocladus (Hamatocaulis) vernicosus

[1395] Petalophyllum ralfsii

[1528] Saxifraga hirculus

[21A0] Machairs (* in Ireland)

[3160] Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds

[4010] Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix

[5130] Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands

[7130] Blanket bogs (* if active only)

[7140] Transition mires and quaking bogs

[7150] Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion

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Other species of interest listed on the Natura 2000 Data Form

The following species are listed on the Standard Data Form but are not qualifying interest and are not included in the conservation objectives:

Birds listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Branta leucopsis (Barnacle Goose), Hydrobates pelagicus (Storm Petrel), Falco columbarius (Merlin), Falco peregrines (Peregrine Falcon), Pluvialis apricaria (Golden Plover), and Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocarax (Chough).

Regularly occurring migratory birds not listed on Annex I of Council Directive 79/409/EEC (the Birds Directive): Fulmarus glacialis (Fulmar), Puffinus puffinus (Manx Shearwater), Rissa tridactyla (Kittiwake), Alca torda (Razorbill), Uria aalge (Guillemot) and Fratercula arctica (Puffin).

Other listed bird species of interest include: Lagopus lagopus (Red Grouse), Phalacorax aristoteli (Shag), Larus argentatus (Herring Gull), Larus marinus (Great Black-backed Gull), Cepphus grylle (Black Guillemot).

Listed faunal species of interest include: Meles meles (Badger), Lepidus timidus hibernicus (Irish Hare), Salmo trutta (Sea trout), Rana temporaria (Common Frog), Lacerta vivipara (Common Lizard) – (Zootoca vivipara).

Other listed plant species of interest is Rhynchospora fusca (Brown-beak Sedge).

Other Annex I habitats and Annexed species present within the SAC

Annex I habitats which are not listed on the Natura 2000 Standard Data Form or included in the conservation objectives, are: Estuaries (1130), Mudflats and sandflats not covered by sea water at low tide (1140), Large shallow inlets and bays (1160) and Atlantic salt meadows (1330) Otter, Lutra lutra (Annex II and IV), Common or Harbour Seal Phoca vitulina (Annex II) and Grey Seal

Halochoerus grypus (Annex II) are not included on the Natura 2000 Standard Data Form either as

qualifying species or as species of importance for the SAC, neither are any other marine mammals

listed.

4.1.2 Blacksod Bay / Broadhaven SPA (site code IE 004037)

This site is of high ornithological importance for its excellent diversity of wintering waterfowl and for the nationally important populations of five species that it supports. Of particular note is the usage of the site by over 3% of the national Ringed Plover population. It is also of importance as a breeding site for terns and gulls, especially the localised Sandwich Tern. It is of note that seven of the species that occur regularly are listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive (Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds), i.e. Great Northern Diver, Red-throated Diver, Golden Plover, Bar-tailed Godwit, Sandwich Tern, Common Tern and Arctic Tern. Sruwaddacon Bay and the small bay to the north of Rossport are both included within the SPA. Sruwaddacon Bay is a shallow tidal inlet of special importance for its wintering wildfowl populations, which feed on the intertidal sand/mud flats. The qualifying interests and boundaries of this site were reviewed and amended during the re-designation process. The conservation objectives now include three wintering species that were not previously included as qualifying interests, these are: Light-bellied Brent Goose (Branta bernicla hrota), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra) and Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator); and also include wetlands. Conservation objectives The site specific conservation objectives for the Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven SPA are: To maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

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Gavia immer [wintering]

Branta bernicla hrota [wintering]

Melanitta nigra [wintering]

Mergus serrator [wintering]

Charadrius hiaticula [wintering]

Calidris alba [wintering]

Calidris alpina [wintering]

Limosa lapponica [wintering]

Numenius arquata [wintering]

Sterna sandvicensis [breeding ]

Wetlands


Birds listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Pluvialis apricaria (Golden Plover), Limosa lapponica (Bar-tailed Godwit), Sterna sandvicensis (Sandwich Tern), Sterna hirundo (Common Tern), Sterna paradisaea (Arctic Tern).

Regularly occurring migratory birds not listed on Annex I of Council Directive 79/409/EEC: Tringa nebularia (Greenshank), Tadorna tadorna (Shelduck), Mergus serrator (Red-breasted Merganser), Haematopus ostralegus (Oystercatcher), Charadrius hiaticula (Ringed Plover), Pluvialis squatarola (Grey Plover), Calidris canutus (Knot), Calidris alpina (Dunlin), Numenius arquata (Curlew), Tringa totanus (Redshank), Arenaria interpres (Turnstone), Phalacrocorax carbo (Cormorant), Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard), Larus canus (Common Gull), Chroicocephalus ridibundus [listed on Natura Form as Larus ridibundus] (Black-headed Gull).

International designations – Ramsar “Ramsar” refers to an international convention in relation to wetland sites which was ratified by Ireland in 1985. The Convention has its roots in the protection of wetland wildfowl and for many sites it is species-associated. More recently Ramsar has taken on the more all-encompassing wetland habitat approach which in the context of the EU falls in line with site protection under the EU Habitats Directive. The Ramsar convention has no statutory basis itself, but it is operated through either EU or national legislation, in this case the EU Birds Directive (2009/14/EC) and the EU Habitats Directive through the Wildlife Act 1976 and the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. It must be noted therefore that part of the SPA 004037, including Sruwaddacon Bay, is designated under the Ramsar Convention as follows: Blacksod Bay / Broadhaven (Ramsar Site Code 844)

Designated in 1996 the site covers 683 ha and is a “composite of diverse marine and coastal habitats that includes vast dune systems and extensive areas of dune grassland with salt marshes occurring in sheltered bays and inlets. The grasslands are of considerable botanical importance. The site also includes several brackish lakes important to various species of breeding waders, large numbers of wintering waterbirds of various species, and internationally important numbers of Brent Geese”.

6

6 (www.ramsar.org)

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4.1.3 Broadhaven Bay SAC (Site Code IE 000472)

This site is of high conservation importance owing to the presence of several habitats that are listed on Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive. In addition, it has ornithological importance for breeding and wintering birds. The full site synopsis for this SAC is provided in Appendix 1 of this report. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS.

Conservation objectives

The site specific conservation objective for the Broadhaven Bay SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitat(s) and/or the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

[1140] Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

[1160] Large shallow inlets and bays

[1170] Reefs

[1330] Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco‐Puccinellietalia maritimae)

[8330] Submerged or partly submerged sea caves.

Other species of interest listed on the Natura 2000 Data Form The following species are listed on the Standard Data Form but are not qualifying interest and are not included in the conservation objectives:

Bird species present which are covered by Article 4 of the Directive 79/409/EEC (the Birds Directive) are: Pluvialis apricaria (Golden Plover), Limosa lapponica (Bar-tailed Godwit), Sterna sandvicensis (Sandwich Tern), Sterna hirundo (Common Tern), Sterna paradisaea (Arctic Tern).

Other listed species of interest for the site include regularly occurring migratory birds (not listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive).

Annex II (EU Habitats Directive) species listed as being of importance for the SAC include a number of marine invertebrates and the plant species Zostera marina (Marine Eelgrass).

While neither qualifying species nor species listed as being of importance for the SAC, a number of cetacean species (Annex IV species of marine mammal), including Harbour porpoise and dolphin species, are known to occur in the SAC. Annex IV species are afforded strict protection under Article 12 of the EU Habitats Directive.

4.1.4 Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC (Site Code IE 000476)

The site comprises Carrowmore Lake, a large, shallow oligotrophic/mesotrophic lake, and Largan More Bog. It is of considerable ecological value, primarily for its extensive, intact blanket bog, which has a typical range of good quality habitats, but also as a site for the very rare Marsh Saxifrage and the moss Drepanocladus vernicous. The site supports a number of Greenland White-fronted Geese, and Birds Directive Annex I bird species.

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There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS. Conservation objectives The site specific conservation objective for the Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC is: to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitat(s) and / or the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:





Other species of interest listed on the Natura 2000 Data Form The following species are listed on the Standard Data Form but are not qualifying interests and are not included in the conservation objectives:

Birds listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Anser albifrons flavirostris (Greenland White-fronted Goose), Falco columbarius (Merlin), Golden Plover (breeding - Pluvialis apricaria), Sterna sandvicensis (Sandwich Tern), Sterna paradisaea (Arctic Tern)

Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Larus canus (Common Gull), Aythya fuligula (Tufted Duck), Anas penelope (Wigeon). Anas querquedula (Garganey)

Other important species of flora and fauna: Erica erigena (Mediterranean Heath), Lagopus lagopus (Red Grouse), Lepus timidus hibernicus (Irish Hare).

4.1.5 Carrowmore Lake SPA (Site Code IE 004052)

Carrowmore Lake is a large (960ha), shallow lake, with a maximum depth of approximately 2.5m and a generally stony bottom. The lake water is almost neutral in terms of acidity (i.e. pH) and generally rather nutrient-poor. The shallow waters support species such as Common Spike-rush (Eleocharis palustris), Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora), Bulbous Rush (Juncus bulbosus) and Perfoliate Pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus). Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) and Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus) are frequent along the shore, with stands of Common Club-rush (Scirpus lacustris) and Common Reed (Phragmites australis). The lake has one substantial island, Derreens Island, and several small islands; these are dominated by a grassy sward.

Carrowmore Lake SPA was designated by means of statutory instrument European Communities Conservation of Wild Birds (Carrowmore Lake SPA 004052) Regulations 2005 (SI No. 713 of 2005). It is of high ornithological importance because of the nationally important nesting gull colony (Black-headed and Common Gull) and, in the past, nesting terns (EU Birds Directive Annex I species), though more recently the terns have nested on Inishderry in Broadhaven Bay. The occurrence of overwintering Greenland White-fronted goose on the adjacent bogs of the Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC is of note because this species is listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive and uses the lake for roosting and/ or feeding. The only change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site is the addition of

Common Gull (Larus canus), Schedule 3 of the statutory instrument (SI. 713 of 2005) for this site

having listed Sandwich tern (Sterna sandvicensis).

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The site specific conservation objective for the Carrowmore Lake SPA is: to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

Larus canus [breeding ]

Sterna sandvicensis [breeding ]


The following species are listed on the Standard Data Form but are not qualifying interests and are not included in the conservation objectives:

Birds listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Anser albifrons flavirostris (Greenland White-fronted Goose), Sterna sandvicensis (Sandwich Tern).

Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC (including a qualifying interest): Larus canus (Common Gull), Chroicocephalus ridibundus

[listed on Natura Form as Larus ridibundus] (Black headed Gull), Phalacrocorax carbo (Cormorant), Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard), Aythya ferina (Pochard), Aythya fuligula (Tufted Duck), Aythya marila ((Greater) Scaup), Bucephala clangula (Goldeneye), Mergus serrator (Red-breasted Merganser).

4.1.6 Slieve Fyagh Bog SAC (Site Code IE 000542)

Slieve Fyagh is an upland plateau, underlain by a bedrock of shales and sandstones, supporting a range of blanket bog types including mountain, highland and lowland. A series of small oligotrophic lakes occur on the plateau (c.300m) and several streams descend from this area to the lowlands below. The steeply sloping plateau sides support acid grassland communities. This site contains one of the few relatively intact mountain blanket bogs in this region and is of value for its size and diversity of blanket bog types. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS. Conservation objectives

The site specific conservation objective for Slieve Fyagh Bog SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitat(s) and/or the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:



The following species is listed on the Standard Data Form but is not a qualifying interest and is not included in the conservation objectives:

Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna: Listera cordata (Lesser Twayblade)

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4.1.7 Mullet/Blacksod Complex SAC (Site Code IE 000470)

This site is of high importance for the range of marine and coastal habitats, many of which are listed on Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive, three having priority status. The Annex II species Petalophyllum ralfsii also occurs. The site is also of particular ornithological importance, having four wintering species with internationally important populations and also important concentrations of breeding waders. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS. Conservation objectives

The site specific conservation objective for Slieve Fyagh Bog SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitat(s) and/or the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

[1140] Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

[1160] Large shallow inlets and bays

[1170] Reefs

[1310] Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand

[1355] Lutra lutra


[2120] Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ("white dunes")

[2130] * Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ("grey dunes")

[2150] * Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno‐Ulicetea)

[21A0] Machairs (* in Ireland)

[3150] Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition‐type vegetation

[7230] Alkaline fens


Birds listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Gavia stellata (Red-throated Diver), Gavia immer (Great Northern-diver), Cygnus cygnus (Whooper Swan), Branta leucopsis (Barnacle Goose), Pluvialis apricaria (Golden Plover), Limosa lapponica (Bar-tailed Godwit), Phalaropus lobatus (Red-necked Phalarope), Sterna albifrons (Little Tern), Anser albifrons flavirostris (Greenland White-fronted Goose).

Regularly occurring migratory birds not listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Branta bernicla (Brent Goose), Melanitta nigra (Common Scoter), Mergus merganser (Goosander) , Haematopus ostralegus (Oystercatcher), Charadrius hiaticula (Ringed Plover), Pluvialis squatarola (Grey Plover), Vanellus vanellus (Lapwing), Calidris canutus (Knot), Calidris alba (Sanderling), Calidris alpina (Dunlin), Numenius arquata (Curlew), Gallinago gallinago (Snipe), Tringa nebularia (Greenshank), Arenaria interpres (Turnstone), Tringa totanus (Redshank).

Other important species of flora and fauna: Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Narrow-leaved March Orchid), Carduelis flavirostris (Twite), Selatosomus melanocholicus (a click beetle) Otiorhynchus arcticus (a weevil), Lepus timidus hibernicus (Irish Hare) Rana temporaria Common Frog), Paracentrotus lividus (Purple sea urchin), Ostrea edulis (Oyster), Phellia gausapata (Olive Green Wart Anemone), Zostera marina (Marine Eel Grass).

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4.1.8 Erris Head SAC (Site Code 001501)

This site is of conservation importance primarily for the cliff and alpine heath habitats, both of which are listed on Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive. The presence of several Annex I Bird Directive species and some breeding seabirds adds to the interest of the site. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS. Conservation objectives

The site specific conservation objective for the Erris Head SAC is: to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitat(s) and/or the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

[1230] Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts

[4060] Alpine and Boreal heaths

Species of interest listed on the Natura 2000 Data Form

The following species are listed on the Standard Data Form but are not qualifying interests and are not included in the conservation objectives:

Birds listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Branta leucopsis (Barnacle Goose), Falco peregrinus (Peregrine Falcon) , Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Chough)

Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not listed on Annex I of Council directive 79/409/EEC: Fulmarus glacialis (Fulmar), Larus fuscus (Lesser Black-backed Gull)

Other important species of flora and fauna: Larus argentatus (herring Gull), Larus marinus (Great Black-backed Gull), Lepus timidus hibernicus (Irish Hare), Rana temporaria (Common Frog).

4.1.9 Owenduff/Nephin Complex SAC (Site Code IE 000534)

The Owenduff/Nephin Complex is one of the best and largest examples of intact blanket bog in the

country. The range and quality of habitats present is excellent, and a number of rare and protected

plant and animal species occur. The Owenduff River system is the largest in the country which

remains virtually free of conifer plantations. The site is of international ecological importance.

There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS.


The site specific conservation objective for the Owenduff/Nephin Complex SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitats and the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

[1106] Salmo salar (only in fresh water)

[1355] Lutra lutra



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[3110] Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae)

[3130] Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/orof the Isoëto‐Nanojuncetea


[3260] Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and

Callitricho‐Batrachion vegetation


[4060] Alpine and Boreal heaths

[5130] Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands


[7140] Transition mires and quaking bogs

4.1.10 Owenduff/Nephin Complex SPA (Site Code IE 004098)

The Owenduff/Nephin Complex SPA provides one of the best examples of blanket bog and upland bird communities in the country. Of particular importance is that there are four regularly-occurring species that are listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive (Greenland White-fronted Goose, Merlin, Peregrine and Golden Plover), as well as a good population of Red Grouse. Much of the site is a National Park. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS.

Conservation Objectives

The site specific conservation objective for the Owenduff/Nephin Complex SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

Falco columbarius [breeding ]

Pluvialis apricaria [breeding ]

Anser albifrons flavirostris [wintering]

4.1.11 Bellacorick Bog Complex SAC (Site Code 001922)

The site is one of the largest tracts of lowland blanket bog in the country, with the finest examples of

intact pool systems. It is considered to be of international importance due to the extent of the

individual areas of bog and the wide variety of habitats present and because of the presence of a

number of rare and threatened plant and animal species.



The site specific conservation objective for the Bellacorick Bog Complex SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitats and the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

[1013] Vertigo geyeri

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[7230] Alkaline fens

4.1.12 Stags of Broad Haven SPA (Site Code IE 004072)

The Stags of Broad Haven SPA is a site of ornithological importance owing to the presence of the only known colony of Leach’s Petrel in Ireland, as well as important populations of Storm Petrel and Puffin. Both Leach’s Petrel and Storm Petrel are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS. Conservation objectives

The site specific conservation objective for the Stags of Broad Haven SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

Hydrobates pelagicus [breeding ]

Oceanodroma leucorhoa [breeding ]

Fratercula arctica [breeding ]

4.1.13 Illanmaster SPA (Site Code IE 004074)

Illanmaster is a steep, rocky island situated just off the north Mayo coast. It rises to 107 m and is topped with a maritime grassy sward. The surrounding seas to a distance of 500 m are included in the site. The presence of Storm Petrel and Barnacle Goose is of particular note as these species are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS.

Conservation Objectives

The site specific conservation objective for the Illanmaster SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

Hydrobates pelagicus [breeding]

Fratercula arctica [breeding]

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4.2 EUROPEAN SITES IN THE WIDER LOCALITY

4.2.1 West Connacht Coast SAC (Site Code IE 002998)

In December 2012, the Minister for the Department of Arts Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DAHG) declared the intention to designate this site as an SAC for the protection of the Bottlenose Dolphin. This site consists of a substantial area of marine waters lying off the coasts of counties Mayo and Galway in the west of Ireland. Comprising two parts, in its northern component the site extends from the coastal waters off Erris Head westwards beyond Eagle Island and the Mullet Peninsula in County Mayo. From there it extends southwards immediately off the coast as far as the entrance to Blacksod Bay. In its southern component, the site stretches from Clare Island and the outer reaches of Clew Bay at Old Head and continues southwards off the Mayo coast to the Connemara coast near Clifden and Ballyconneely, County Galway. The waters of the West Connacht Coast are of key conservation importance for Bottlenose Dolphin in Ireland. This site post dates the Terminal EIS, 2003. Conservation objectives

To date conservation objectives for this site have not been published. The generic criteria for the favourable conservation status of a species as set out at Section 4.1 are assumed to apply, i.e. The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when:

population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long‐term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and

the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and

there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations

on a long‐term basis.

Qualifying interest: Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin)

4.2.2 Mullet Peninsula SPA (Site Code IE 004227)

The Mullet Peninsula SPA is of high ornithological importance as it supports a nationally important population of Corncrake, a globally threatened species. Corncrake is also listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. The site comprises three separate areas situated on the Mullet peninsula that make up the site. The main habitat present is grassland, which is managed in a relatively intensive manner.

The site specific conservation objective for this SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as a Special Conservation Interests for this SPA, namely breeding Corncrake (Crex crex). This site post dates the Terminal EIS, 2003.

4.2.3 Termoncarragh Lake and Annagh Machair SPA (Site Code IE 004093)

Termoncarragh Lake and Annagh machair is of high importance for both wintering and breeding birds. It is part of the wintering ground for the largest Barnacle Goose population in the country, and regularly supports a flock of international importance. The marginal wetland habitats and the machair are prime habitats for breeding waders.

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The site specific conservation objective for this SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

Crex crex [breeding]

Anser albifrons flavirostris [wintering]

Branta leucopsis [wintering]


4.2.4 Inishglora and Inishkeeragh Islands SPA (Site Code IE Site Code 004084)

The site comprises the two islands, Inishglora and Inishkeeragh, as well as a number of smaller islets and rocks situated c. 1.5-3 km west of the Mullet Peninsula, Co. Mayo. This site is one of the most important seabird sites in the region, with nationally important populations of Storm Petrel, Arctic Tern, Cormorant, Shag, Lesser Blackbacked Gull and Herring Gull. The main islands regularly support nationally important numbers of wintering Barnacle Geese. The occurrence of Storm Petrel, Arctic Tern and Barnacle Goose are of particular note as these are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. The presence of breeding Grey Seal is also of note as this species is listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The site specific conservation objective for this SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:


Phalacrocorax carbo [breeding]

Phalacrocorax aristotelis [breeding]

Larus fuscus [breeding]

Larus argentatus [breeding]

Sterna paradisaea [breeding]



4.2.5 Inishkea Islands SAC (Site Code IE 000507)

The Inishkea Islands site is important for machair, a habitat rare in Europe and given priority status under the E.U. Habitats Directive. The significance of the site is added to by the presence of a population of the rare liverwort Petalophyllum ralfsii. It is also an important area for wintering and breeding populations of birds, particularly Barnacle Goose. The Inishkeas are part of a group of islands off the Mullet Peninsula that are an important breeding ground for Grey Seal. The site specific conservation objective for this SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitats and the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

[1364] Halichoerus grypus


[21A0] Machairs (* in Ireland) There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservation objectives) for this site, since the assessment carried out for the 2003 Terminal EIS.

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4.2.6 Inishkea Islands SPA (Site Code IE 004004)

The Inishkea Islands are the two largest islands off the west coast of the Mullet Peninsula. As well as Inishkea North and Inishkea South, this site includes Carrickawilt, Carrigee, Carrickmoylenacurhoga, Pluddany Rocks, Carrickfad, Carrickgormal, Carricklaur, Carrickalaveen and several smaller rocks and reefs. The surrounding seas are included in the site. The site specific conservation objective for this SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

Phalacrocorax aristotelis [breeding]

Charadrius hiaticula [wintering]

Calidris alba [wintering]

Calidris maritima [wintering]

Arenaria interpres [wintering]

Larus canus [breeding]

Larus argentatus [breeding]

Sterna paradisaea [breeding]

Sterna albifrons [breeding]


Calidris alpina schinzii [breeding] Species listed as conservation objectives for this site in 2012 were also listed on the Natura Data Form in 2003.

4.2.7 Duvillaun Islands SAC (Site Code IE 000495)

The Duvillaun Islands comprise a group of marine islands, rocks and reefs 3 km off the southern tip of the Mullet Peninsula, Co. Mayo. The main islands included are Duvillaun More, Duvillaun Beg, Turduvillaun, Gaghta Island, Keely Island and Leamareha Island. The islands form part of a larger group of islands, together with the Inishkeas, Inishkeeragh and Inishglora, which hold an important breeding population of Grey Seal. The site specific conservation objective for this SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitats and the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected:

1364 Grey seal Halichoerus grypus Other species of interest include Annex I bird species and regularly occurring migratory species. (See Duvillaun Islands SPA below). Two Annex I habitats (1170 and 1230) listed on the Natura Form (12/1995) are not included in the conservation objectives for this site.

4.2.8 Duvillaun Islands SPA (Site Code IE 004111)

This site is of high ornithological importance as the islands comprise part of the range of an internationally important population of Barnacle Goose, a Birds Directive Annex I species. Storm Petrel, another Annex I species, breeds in significant numbers and there are nationally important populations of several other seabirds. Peregrine Falcon and Chough, both Annex I species, also breed. The site specific conservation objective for this SPA is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA:

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Fulmarus glacialis [breeding]



Species listed as conservation objectives for this site in 2012 were also listed on the Natura Data

Form in 2003.

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5. ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY EFFECTS

Impact assessment has been undertaken with due regard to the EPA Advice Notes on Current Practice (2003); the EPA Guidelines on the information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (2002); with reference to the discipline-specific Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management’s Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment (IEEM, 2006) and the National Roads Authority’s Guidelines (NRA), for ecological impact assessment. The criteria used in this NIS for assessing impact level have been derived from those set out in the NRA discipline specific EcIA Guidelines, but expanded in order to be able to address issues such as habitat quality and are shown in Appendix 2 of this report. For the purpose of this NIS, terminology for impact significance and duration follows that set out by the EPA Advice Notes on Current Practice (2003) and is also included in Appendix 2.

5.1 CONSIDERATION OF SIGNIFICANCE

In considering whether or not a plan or project individually or in combination with other plans or projects is likely to have a significant effect on a European site, the NPWS Guidance (2010 Rev) uses an EC definition as follows:..” any element of a plan or project that has the potential to affect the conservation objectives of a Natura 2000 site, including its structure and function, should be considered significant (EC, 2006)”. Other guidance documents also discuss significance criteria, some in more detail than others. The Dutch Guidance

7 (translated, Neumann, 2004) discusses a

number of criteria in relation to habitats and species population. In general, significance indicators might include:

impact on Annex I habitat (including loss or reduction in size; impairment of function);

fragmentation of habitat or population (depending upon the duration or permanence);

disturbance (noise, light etc. - distance, duration);

effect on species populations (direct or indirect damage to size, breeding patterns etc);

changes in water quality.

To summarise the significance issue, it is useful to quote from Morris (2008) who describes significance in the context of the Habitats Directive as follows:

“...Within the Habitats Regulations, significance is quite different. It is used as a coarse filter and the test is a question over the possibility that there will be a significant effect on a key receptor that determines the conservation status of a European site. Thus, determining whether there will be a ‘likely significant effect’ does not imply that there will be such an effect or even that such an effect is more likely than not; it simply flags the need to test the issues and then make a judgement of the pathways and mechanisms imposed by a project on the designated wildlife interest. This test best equates to the screening and scoping opinions sought for an EIA but is confined to the Natura 2000 and Ramsar interest rather than wider environmental or nature conservation issues”.

In order to assess the likely impacts and ascertain whether an adverse effect on the integrity of the Natura site(s) is likely to occur as a result of the proposed development, should the appropriate assessment process deemed to be required, it is necessary to consider what constitutes the integrity of a Site as referred to in Article 6(3). The document Managing Natura 2000 Sites, The provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC (2000) gives clear guidance in this regard and states:

7 Translated from Publication of Dutch State Printers in book: ’Praktijkboek Habitattoets’ , 2004 (F. Neumann en

H. Woldendorp, SDU)

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“The integrity of the site involves its ecological functions. The decision as to whether it is adversely affected should focus on and be limited to the site’s conservation objectives”.

Integrity has been discussed and defined in various ways in guidance documentation and the literature. For example, Treweek (1999) discusses biological integrity and ecosystem health, and refers to three generally accepted criteria: systematic indicators of ecosystem functional and structural integrity; ecological sustainability or resilience (relating to the ability of a system to withstand “natural” or anthropogenic stresses); and absence of detectable symptoms of ecosystem disease or stress. A similar, but less academic, approach is adopted by the various guidance documents with a number of definitions proposed. The essence of the concept of ecological integrity is distilled in the following definition from Planning Policy Statement 9 (UK Department of Environment, 1994 – now superseded by PP9, 2005):

“coherence of the site’s ecological structure and function, across its whole area, or the habitats, complex of habitats and/or populations of species for which the site is or will be classified”.

It is further noted that the decision in the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruling in relation to the

Galway Outer Bypass (ECJ Case C-258/11) and the recent High Court decision in Kelly v An Bord

Pleanala [2014] IEHC 400 (“Kelly”) concerns the interpretation of the requirements under Article 6(3)

and Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive where an Appropriate Assessment of a plan or project has

been carried out and how a competent authority should determine (based on the Appropriate

Assessment that has been carried out) whether a proposed development will adversely affect the

integrity of a European Site. While Case-C-258/11 and Kelly helpfully clarifies the position in relation

to Article 6(3) and Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive in this regard, based on the conclusions set out

in Section 8 below it is considered that the findings in Case C-258/11and Kelly are only relevant to

this particular Extension Application in circumstances where Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment is

required

5.2 ELEMENTS OF THE ACTIVITY WITH POTENTIAL TO HAVE SIGNIFICANT

EFFECTS

Shell E & P Ireland Ltd proposes to apply to the Environmental Protection Agency for an Extension Application. There are no changes proposed to the licensed activity. This NIS addresses the likely effects of the Extension Application on the Natura 2000 sites in the vicinity and wider area. As detailed in paragraph 4 above, the Terminal site is not located within any European site and is not within any other national or international conservation designation area. There are four pathways by which the operation of the Terminal, and consequently the Extension Application, has the potential to have an effect on a Natura 2000 site. These are:

Emissions to water

Emissions to atmosphere

Noise emission

Light emissions

5.2.1 Emissions to water

There are no changes to the onshore or offshore aquatic habitats, however studies have been undertaken since 2003 to further characterise the aquatic habitats in the areas of the Corrib Field and Erris Head outfall and terminal. The findings of these studies are summarised in Appendix 4.3 and the relevant baseline reports are listed in Appendix 4.3.3 and provided at Appendix A.

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Treated produced water

Produced water is a by-product of natural gas production. During the operation of the Terminal, the produced water will be arriving into the plant with the incoming gas stream, and it will be extracted at several points throughout the plant and treated by the produced water treatment system before being discharged to sea. P0738-01 provides that the produced water be discharged 2km off Erris Head at a water depth of 65m. Section 10 of the Terminal EIS 2003 addressed the impacts of the discharge of treated produced water at this location. In the context of flora and fauna it was concluded that the impacts of the discharge would be negligible. An extension of two years to the period specified in Licence Condition 1.5 will not affect the quality of the discharged treated produced water. The impact of these changes is expected to be negligible. Treated surface water

Rainwater falling on the Terminal process areas (areas where there is a risk of hydrocarbon contamination) will be collected in the open drain sump and treated in a water treatment plant to ensure that the emissions limits values set in the licence P0738-01 are achieved. The treated surface water (also termed oily water) will be discharged via the outfall 2km off Erris Head approximately 12.7km from the landfall. Section 10 of the Terminal EIS 2003 addressed the impacts of the discharge of treated surface water at this location. In the context of flora and fauna it was concluded that the impacts of the discharge would be negligible. An extension of two years to the period specified in Licence Condition 1.5 will not affect the quality of the discharged treated surface water. Storm water

Uncontaminated Surface Water (or “storm water”) is runoff from the Terminal’s non-process areas and roofs, but excludes bunded areas, which drain to the potentially contaminated surface water system. The storm water is collected in the perimeter surface water drains and is routed via the Emergency Holding Tank (EHT) to the settlement ponds located in the south-western corner of the site. Discharge from the settlement ponds is commingled through a discharge channel designed to permit flow proportional sampling, after which the runoff enters the local peat ditch system and ultimately the drainage ditch that runs alongside the R314 road to the southwest of the Terminal and thence into the Carrowmore Lake catchment. Chapter 10 of the Terminal EIS 2003 addressed the impacts of the discharge of storm water from the Terminal. Licence P0738-01 imposes an emission limit of 5mg/l on the suspended solids concentration in the storm water. The industrial emission licence review application P0738-03 proposes an increased emission limit value for suspended solids and demonstrated that the increased emission limit value would have a negligible effect on water quality in Carrowmore Lake. However, this application is pending before the EPA and until such time as P0738-03 has been determined by the EPA, SEPIL will operate pursuant to the Licence P0738-01 and the required emission limit values. An extension of two years to the period specified in Licence Condition 1.5 will not affect the quality of the discharged storm water.

5.2.2 Emissions to Atmosphere

Emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) can cause acidification and eutrophication of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is the other major air pollutant contributor to these effects,

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but there will be negligible emissions of SO2 from the Terminal owing to the very low sulphur contents of the fuels used. The impact of the operation of the Terminal on air quality was assessed in Chapter 11 of the Terminal EIS 2003. The assessment determined that the operation of the Terminal would not have a residual impact on air quality. Selective catalytic reduction was installed on the power generators in order to meet the Licence P0738-01 emission limits on oxides of nitrogen. Further air emission modelling was undertaken. . The modelling specifically reported ground level concentrations of NOx at the points nearest to the Terminal on the sensitive ecological receptors in European sites closest to the Terminal, ie. Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC, Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC, Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven SPA, Slieve Fyagh Bog SAC, and Carrowmore Lake SPA. It predicted that the Terminal’s contribution to annual average ground level concentrations of NOx at these areas will be no greater than 0.2 µg/m

3.

This is the maximum across all the operational scenarios assessed, all the ecological sites and all the years of meteorological data used for the assessment. An assessment of baseline levels of NOx through evaluation of data from a series of surveys done for the original Terminal EIS in 2001-2003 and more recent EPA monitoring data in rural locations is summarised in Appendix 4.1. It is considered that the original Terminal survey data remain the most representative data available for use to characterise, with an appropriate degree of conservatism, the background air quality in the vicinity of the Terminal. The EPA data give additional confidence in the validity of the data. The average background concentration of NOx measured during the monitoring surveys (across all sampling locations) was 11 µg/m

3.

The applicable NOx annual average air quality standard for the protection of ecosystems is 30µg/m

3

(EPA webpage, 2013). The National Roads Authority Guidelines for the Treatment of Air Quality (NRA, 2011) state that where a “scheme is predicted to cause an increase in nitrogen oxides concentrations greater than 2μg/m3 and the concentrations predicted are very close to or exceed the standard (i.e., above 90% of the standard) then the sensitivity of the relevant species should be assessed by the project ecologist”. The maximum project contribution is 0.2µg/m

3 and the maximum predicted total concentration

(including the highest possible background that might be considered representative) is 12µg/m3, ie.

40% of the standard and so both the project contribution and the total predicted concentration (with background added) are considerably below the thresholds stated in the NRA guidelines as triggering the need for more detailed assessment. Neither of the criteria are met or are close to being met.

5.2.3 Noise Emissions

The environs of the Terminal site are the same as those considered in the 2003 Terminal EIS. In the intervening period some increase in traffic noise levels in the immediate vicinity has occurred at times during the day due to general activity on the road network, but the generality of the ambient and background conditions are unchanged. Other general changes include increases in tree heights surrounding the Terminal footprint. This provides an element of additional noise screening, particularly in areas where replanting and subsequent growth have occurred. A summary of background noise levels is provided in Appendix 4.2.1 and a review of baseline from 2002, 2003 and 2014 is provided in Appendix 4.2.2. The noise control limits, under which the Terminal has been designed to operate, are intended to protect the amenity of the human receptors found in relatively close proximity to the site. These limits, relating to receptor location levels for daytime and night-time operation respectively, are:

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Daytime (07:00 - 23:00) 45dB LAeq,1hour

Night-time (23:00 - 07:00) 35dB LAeq,15mins

With receptor locations situated close to the Terminal site boundary, noise emissions levels will be controlled to these values within a short distance of the Terminal footprint itself. The noise emissions from the Terminal were modelled in the Terminal EIS 2003. The predicted noise levels are several orders of magnitude below those which might be expected to give rise to any behavioural response nearby, as a result there is no potential for impact or disturbance to any species associated with even the nearest European sites. Significant noise level increases are not anticipated during day to day Terminal operation, including maintenance flaring and cold venting, systems for which have been designed and constructed with noise control in mind. Out-of-condition, or emergency situations, however, could give rise to the need for lit high pressure flaring, which would generate significantly higher noise levels. It is clear that in the vicinity of the Terminal site such events could give rise to short term behavioural responses from fauna not acclimatised to this noise source within close proximity of the Terminal itself. Once noise levels from flaring have reached the European sites in the vicinity, however, the impact is reduced. An extension of two years to the period specified in Licence Condition 1.5 will not affect the noise emissions

5.2.4 Light Emissions

The requirement for lighting during the operation of the Terminal remains as stated in the Terminal EIS 2003. A Light Emissions Management Plan as per Section 17, Table 17.2, of the EIS (2003) will be implemented once the plant reaches steady state operations. There is no change in light emissions from that assessed in the 2003 Terminal EIS. An extension of two years to the period specified in Licence Condition 1.5 will not affect the light emissions

5.3 IMPACTS ON EUROPEAN SITES

The potential for impact on European sites as a result of the operation and maintenance of the Terminal arises only from indirect impacts in relation to water discharges, emissions to air, noise and light spillage. Taking into consideration and notwithstanding the changes in the qualifying interests for some sites since 2003 as set out in section 4 above, and taking account of the best scientific knowledge and the conservation objectives of each European Site there will be no likely significant effects from any direct impact from emissions on any European Sites.

5.3.1 Emissions to water

Treated produced water

The nearest European site to the discharge point is Erris Head SAC, for which the qualifying interests and conservation objectives are terrestrial habitats, as set out at 4.1.9 above. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservations objectives) for the Erris Head SAC since the assessment in 2003. Therefore there is no potential for any impact on this site. The discharge point lies outside and to seawards of the Broadhaven Bay SAC, and outside the West Connacht Coast SAC.

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The Terminal EIS 2003 determined that the impacts of the discharge of treated produced water at this location, in the context of flora and fauna, would be negligible. Thus no impact is anticipated, direct or indirect, on any European site, their qualifying interests or in view of the conservation objectives of the sites as a result of the discharge of treated produced water from the operation of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal. Treated surface water

The nearest European site to the discharge point is Erris Head SAC, for which the qualifying interests and conservation objectives are terrestrial habitats, as set out above. There has been no change in the qualifying interests (conservations objectives) for the Erris Head SAC since the assessment in 2003. Therefore there is no potential for any impact on this site. The discharge point lies outside and to seawards of the Broadhaven Bay SAC, and outside the West Connacht Coast SAC. The treated surface water will be discharged via the outfall 2km off Erris Head approximately 12.7km from the landfall. The discharge of treated surface water was fully assessed in Section 10 of the Terminal EIS 2003 which stated: “In terms of the marine environment, due to the very low concentrations of naturally occurring elements in the discharge waters after treatment, it is not expected that there will be any measurable residual impact”. Thus no impact is anticipated, direct or indirect, on any European site, their qualifying interests or in view of the conservation objectives of the sites as a result of the discharge of treated surface water from the operation of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal. Storm water

Owing to the stringent controls in place and the quality of surface water leaving the site, no changes to water quality in Carrowmore Lake are anticipated, both during reinstatement at the terminal site and during operation. It is noted that the habitats and species for which the Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC has been selected are terrestrial and that there have been no changes in the qualifying interests since the assessment in 2003 or the nature of the discharge from the activity and, therefore would not be subject to impact in the unlikely event that a sediment run-off incident should occur. The Carrowmore Lake SPA and the Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC will not be subject to direct or indirect impact as a result of the discharge of storm water. The Terminal will continue to comply with the emission limits currently enforced by Mayo County Council and once the Terminal is in operation, it will be complying with those set by the Industrial Emissions licence P0738-01, consequently there should not be an additional impact as a result of the Extension Application. Therefore no impact to either of these European sites, their qualifying interests or in view of the conservation objectives of the sites as a result of the operation of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal is anticipated. In addition, no impact is anticipated, direct or indirect, on any European site in the wide locality as a result of the discharge of storm water from the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal.

5.3.2 Emissions to Atmosphere

As shown above at 5.2.2, the maximum project NOx contribution is 0.2µg/m3 and the maximum

predicted total concentration (including the highest possible background that might be considered representative) is 12µg/m

3. This is considerably below the applicable NOx annual average air quality

standard for the protection of ecosystems of 30µg/m3. The predicted project contribution and total

resultant concentration are both well below the thresholds stated by The National Roads Authority Guidelines for the Treatment of Air Quality as triggering the need for further assessment of ecological impacts. It is considered therefore there is no potential for impacts on any European site, their qualifying interests or the conservation objectives of the sites arising out of emissions to the atmosphere.

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Taking into consideration baseline data, impacts on air quality remain as stated in the 2003 Terminal EIS. The Extension Application will not affect air emissions. There is therefore is no potential for impact on any European site, their qualifying interests or in view of the conservation objectives of the sites arising from air emissions from the Terminal.

5.3.3 Noise emissions

As set out above, the noise control limits under which the Terminal has been designed to operate are intended to protect the amenity of the human receptors found in relatively close proximity to the site. The distances from the Terminal to the European sites in the vicinity is such that no impact is anticipated on species associated with those sites as a result of noise emissions during the operation phase, even during lit high pressure flaring. Taking into consideration all new baseline data, noise impacts remain as stated in the 2003 Terminal EIS.

The Extension Application will not affect noise emissions. There is therefore is no potential for impact

on any European site, their qualifying interests or in view of the conservation objectives of the sites arising from noise emissions from the Terminal.

5.3.4 Light emissions

Given the distances from the Terminal to the European sites and the nature of the qualifying interests for those sites in closest proximity to the Terminal, there is no potential for impact on any of the sites, or in view of the conservation objectives of the sites or qualifying interests as a result of light spillage.

5.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON EUROPEAN SITES IN THE WIDER LOCALITY

No impacts, direct or indirect, are anticipated on the habitats and species of European sites, including their qualifying interests or in view of the conservation objectives of the sites, in the vicinity of the Terminal and in the wider locality as a result of the Extension Application.

5.5 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

5.5.1 Introduction

The potential cumulative impacts on the European sites, arising from the operation of the Terminal in combination with the impacts from other significant projects, are assessed in this section. The cumulative assessment considers the impacts on European sites in the vicinity of the Terminal and in the wider locality, including:

Glenamoy Bog Complex Special Area of Conservation

Broadhaven Bay Special Area of Conservation

Carrowmore Lake Complex Special Area of Conservation

Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven Bay Special Protection Area

Carrowmore Lake Special Protection Area

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Slieve Fyagh Bog Special Area of Conservation

Mullet/Blacksod Complex Special Area of Conservation

Erris Head Special Area of Conservation

West Connacht Coast Special Area of Conservation

Table 1 above indicates the distances to these sites and other sites in the wider area from the Terminal.

Other projects in the vicinity, which have, or have had, the potential to have a cumulative impact in combination with the Terminal, include:

Corrib Onshore Pipeline

Corrib Offshore Pipeline and Offshore Development

Srahmore Peat Deposition Project (completed)

Mayo Galway Natural Gas Pipeline (completed)

Oweninny Wind Farm

Cluddaun Windfarm

Bellmullet Wave Energy Test Site

Mayo Renewables

Others

Gridwest Project Organic power – Glinsk pumped storage scheme MAREX Initiative

5.5.2 Corrib Onshore Pipeline Development

The potential for impacts on European sites from the Corrib onshore pipeline was assessed in the 2010 Natura Impact Statement which accompanied the Onshore Pipeline EIS (RPS, 2010). The impacts in relation to the onshore pipeline arise only during the construction phase, as a result of ground disturbance and associated activities and emissions. Once the pipeline is operational, there will be no potential for impacts on the European sites as there will be no significant emissions, ground disturbance or activities associated with the pipeline. Distances from the Corrib Onshore Pipeline and to European sites are indicated in Table 3. At the time of preparation of this NIS, the section of pipeline from Aughoose to the Terminal had been constructed and lands largely reinstated. Also the non-qualifying Annex I salt marsh and intertidal habitats in the Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC and Blacksod/Broadhaven SPA at the Leenamore inlet (Sruwaddacon Bay) were reinstated in 2013. The construction of a drainage outfall pipe for the Landfall Valve Installation (LVI) in the cliff at Glengad which is located in the Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC and Blacksod/Broadhaven SPA had been completed in 2013 and the cliff fully reinstated, however following the severe winter storms in January 2014 remedial works on the cliff were undertaken to repair storm damage. The remaining sections of the pipeline through the SAC at Glengad, comprising non - annexed improved agricultural grassland habitat, will be reinstated on completion of the LVI. Tunnelling under Sruwaddacon Bay had been completed, and the installation of the gas pipe in the tunnel was well advanced at the time of writing this NIS.

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Table 3: Distances from the Corrib Onshore Pipeline to the European sites

European site Site Name Site Code Distance from the Onshore Pipeline

Special Area of Conservation (SAC)

Glenamoy Bog Complex 0000500 0 km

Broadhaven Bay 0000472 200m west of landfall

Carrowmore Lake Complex 0000476 1.7 km

Slieve Fyagh Bog 0000542 2.7 km

Owenduff/Nephin Complex 0000534 10.2 km

Bellacorick Bog Complex 0001922 11 km

Mullet/Blacksod Bay Complex 0000470 13.2 km

Erris Head 001501 11.5k m

West Connacht Coast 002998 12.5 km

Special Protection Areas (SPA)

Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven 004037

0 km

Carrowmore Lake 004052 3 km

Owenduff/Nephin Complex 004098 10.2 km

Stags of Broadhaven 004072 8.8 km

Illanmaster 004074 10.6 km

Potential for Cumulative Impact There is no potential for a cumulative impact from the combination of the operation of the Terminal during normal operations and construction /operation of the onshore pipeline on European sites, either in the vicinity of the Terminal or in the wider locality.

5.5.3 Corrib Offshore Pipeline and Offshore Development

The offshore subsea facilities as well as the pipeline and umbilical which run from the Corrib Field offshore to the landfall at Glengad have been constructed. Occasional inspection and maintenance activities associated with these will take place from time to time from marine vessels. Distances from the Corrib Offshore Pipeline and Offshore Development to the European sites are indicated in Table 4. Table 4: Distances from the Corrib Offshore Pipeline and Offshore Development to European Sites

European site Site Name Site Code Approximate distance from Corrib Offshore

Development, at its nearest point

Special Area of Conservation

Glenamoy Bog Complex 000500 0

Broadhaven Bay 000472 0 km

Carrowmore Lake Complex 000476 7.4 km

Slieve Fyagh Bog 0000542 8.9 km

Mullet/Blacksod Bay Complex 0000470 8.6 km

Erris Head 001501 2.0 km

West Connacht Coast 002998 0.9 km

Special Protection Area

Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven 004037 0 km

Carrowmore Lake 004052 7.9 km

Stags of Broadhaven 004072 8.7 km

Illanmaster 004074 11.7 km

Potential for Cumulative Impact There is no potential for a cumulative impact from the combination of the operation of the Terminal during normal operations and the operation of the offshore pipeline on European sites in the vicinity of the Terminal or in the wider locality.

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5.5.4 Srahmore Peat Deposition Project

The distances from the Srahmore Peat Deposition Site to European sites are indicated in Table 5. Table 5: Distance from Srahmore Peat Deposition Site to the European Sites

European site Site Name Site Code Approximate distance from Srahmore Peat Deposition

Site, at its nearest point


Glenamoy Bog Complex 000500 10km

Broadhaven Bay 000472 9.5km

Carrowmore Lake Complex 000476 1km

Slieve Fyagh Bog 0000542 6.3km

Mullet/Blacksod Bay Complex 0000470 4.5km

Special Protection Area Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven 004037 3.5km

Carrowmore Lake 004052 1km

The deposition of peat excavated from the pipeline and Terminal sites at Srahmore Peat Deposition Site, a former commercial cut-away peatland, was predicted to result in a number of temporary impacts on terrestrial flora and fauna during construction as a result of disturbance, including temporary loss of habitat at the deposition site. Approximately 450,000m

3 of peat from the Terminal site was deposited at Srahmore under licence. In

addition, approx 75,000m3 of peat has been deposited at Srahmore as a result of construction of the

Onshore Pipeline. Deposition of the peat has taken place within an area of approximately 63 ha. This site is one from which peat had been harvested for a local power station for many years and is saucer shaped with an extensive drainage infrastructure that was installed for industrial peat extraction. On completion, the site has been allowed to recolonise naturally. This promotes the re-establishment of peat-forming conditions and re-instates a peatland ecosystem in place of the original Atlantic blanket bog complex. The vegetation succession will lead to a more varied habitat which will contribute to local biodiversity and complement the ecological significance of the adjacent rehabilitated cutover areas. Over time the habitats will blend with the existing fringe habitats that currently border the development site. The long term prospect is therefore considered to be positive, with permanent beneficial impacts on the development site. The residual impacts overall are considered to be significantly positive given that they should result in habitat rehabilitation and increased local biodiversity. Potential for Cumulative Impact Peat deposition has been completed and vegetation cover has been re-established with significant growth of peat-forming species. There is no potential for a cumulative impact on European sites from a combination of the two projects.

5.5.5 Mayo Galway Natural Gas Pipeline

The distances from the Bord Gáis Mayo Galway Natural Gas Pipeline to the European sites are indicated in Table 6. Table 6: Distances from the Mayo Galway Natural Gas Pipeline to European Sites

European site Site Name Site Code Approximate distance from Mayo Galway Natural Gas

Pipeline, at its nearest point


Glenamoy Bog Complex 000500 >2km

Broadhaven Bay 000472 >7.5km

Carrowmore Lake Complex 000476 0


Special Protection Area Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven 004037 >2km


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The development of the Mayo to Galway Pipeline is complete, the northern (Mayo) section of which was constructed over a period during 2006-2007. It was predicted to result in temporary disturbance and associated impacts on terrestrial flora and fauna. Short term impacts on fauna were limited to the 40m working area along the pipeline, with works timed to minimise disturbance. Potential impacts on flora were minimised through route selection and appropriate construction and re-instatement techniques. There are no predicted impacts to the marine ecology associated with the Mayo to Galway Gas pipeline. The Mayo to Galway Pipeline was predicted to result in negligible impacts on aquatic ecology. Potential for Cumulative Impact Construction of the Mayo to Galway pipeline has been completed and the working area has been reinstated. There is therefore no potential for a cumulative impact on the European sites in the Natura 2000 network from the combination of the operation of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal and construction of the Mayo to Galway pipeline.

5.5.6 Oweninny Wind Farm

Since the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal EIS (RSK 2003), planning permission has been sought (ABP Ref. PL16.PA0029) (July 2013) for the Oweninny Wind Farm on the site of the former Bellacorick Peat Fired Power Station, a site comprising approximately 50km

2 formerly utilised for peat

harvesting by Bord na Móna. If planning permission is granted, the wind farm will be developed in 3 phases, beginning in 2015, with completion for Phase 1 expected by 2016, Phase 2 expected by 2018 and Phase 3 expected around 2022. The development would include 112 windturbines, 8 meteorological masts, 4 substations, overground and underground cables, visitor centre and associated works including 85km of access tracks etc. Table 7: Distances from the Oweninny Wind farm to the European Sites

European site Site Name Site Code Approximate distance from Oweninny Wind Farm at its

nearest point


Glenamoy Bog Complex 000500 3km

Broadhaven Bay 000472 13km

Carrowmore Lake Complex 000476 0.2km


Bellacorick Bog Complex 001992 0.0km

Special Protection Area Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven 004037 13km


Potential for Cumulative Impact The development of the wind farm will result in some changes to the habitats within the site but these changes can be considered as being consistent with the rehabilitation of the site since commercial peat extraction ceased in the early 2000s. Once operational, the Terminal is sufficiently remote from the Oweninny site to preclude cumulative impacts on European sites in the Natura 2000 network.

5.5.7 Cluddaun Wind Farm

Coillte Enterprise proposes to build a 48 turbine wind farm in Cluddaun, North Western County Mayo with a capacity to generate up to 150 MW. The site comprises 2,434 ha and is located to the north of and adjacent to the proposed Oweninny Wind Farm. A planning application was lodged with An Bord Pleanála in October 2013 (ABP Ref. PL16.PA0031) and is currently under consideration.

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If planning permission is granted the proposed wind farm is not intended to be developed in phases and while construction activity may be sequenced it is envisaged that the windfarm will be constructed in one phase.

Potential for Cumulative Impact Once operational, the Terminal is sufficiently remote from the Cluddaun site to preclude cumulative impacts on European sites in the Natura 2000 network.

5.5.8 Belmullet Wave Energy Test Site

The distances from the Belmullet Wave Energy Test Site to the European sites are indicated in Table 8. Table 8: Distances from the Belmullet Wave Energy Test Site to the European Sites

Designation Site Name Site Code Approximate distance from Belmullet Wave Energy Test

Site, at its nearest point


Glenamoy Bog Complex 000500 >17km

Broadhaven Bay 000472 >7km

Carrowmore Lake Complex 000476 >18km

Mullet/Blacksod Bay Complex 0000470 0km

Erris Head 001501 8km

West Connacht Coast 002998 0km

Special Protection Area Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven 004037 0km

Carrowmore Lake 004052 >18km

The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland plans to develop a National Wave Energy Test Site, off Annagh Head, on the western shore of the Mullet Peninsula in County Mayo. The purpose of the wave energy test site off Annagh Head is to provide a location for the temporary mooring and deployment of wave energy machines so that their performance in generating electricity and their survivability can be tested and demonstrated in open ocean conditions. The project comprised offshore test sites located between 1km and 12km southwest to west of Annagh Head, in varying water depths, and four submarine cables from the test sites to shore at Belderra Beach. There will be a substation to which the cables will be connected and an onshore power lines from the substation to the power grid. The project commenced in 2008 and the initial wave climate testing phase was completed. A Foreshore Lease application for the development was lodged in December 2011 (DECLG Ref. MS 51/13/426), and a decision is pending. It was originally proposed that the site would operate for up to 20 years with devices on site intermittently throughout the year. The wave energy devices will float at the surface of the ocean and will be moored to the seabed. The cables to shore will be installed 1m below the ocean floor and the onshore cables will be underground. Potential for Cumulative Impact The distance, and completely different nature of the habitats, will ensure that there will be no potential for a cumulative impact on any European site from the combination of the operation of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal and the operation of the wave energy test site.

5.5.9 Mayo Renewables

Mayo Renewable Power (MRP) comprises a 50 MW (net) biomass High Efficiency CHP plant located on the former Asahi site in Killala, Co. Mayo. In operation, this plant will use virgin biomass (ie. untreated and uncontaminated clean wood and willow). The fuel will be supplied from a variety of sources including locally grown willow, spruce from local forestry and forestry thinnings along with

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imported supplies. The 50MW (net) electricity produced by the plant will be exported directly onto the National Grid and distributed throughout the country. The spatial separation between the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal and Killala will ensure that there will be no potential for a cumulative impact on any European site in the Natura 2000 network from the combination of the operation of the Terminal and construction and operation of the MRP plant.

5.5.10 Others

Grid West Project

EirGrid are proposing a new high capacity power line, known as the Grid West project, which will link the North Mayo area to the existing Flagford substation near Carrick-on-Shannon. The preferred overhead route corridor starts north west of Moygownagh, runs west of Ballina, east of Foxford and Swinford, south of Charlestown and Ballaghaderreen before linking into the existing Flagford substation, near Carrick-on-Shannon. An underground option is also under consideration, which would run north of Charlestown and Ballaghadereen. Both the overhead and underground route corridors are more than 25km away from the Terminal and therefore no cumulative impacts between the two projects are anticipated on any European site in the Natura 2000 network and this project is not considered further. Organic Power – Glinsk

The location of this proposed hydro-electricity pumped storage project is on the North Mayo coast in close proximity to the Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC. The project has been at Pre-Application Consultation stage with An Bord Pleanala (Ref. PL16.PC0093) since April 2010 and that process has yet to be concluded. The project has also been designated as a ‘Project of Common Interest’ by the European Commission. Given that the project is at an early stage of development and that no planning application has been lodged for it, no further consideration is given to it here in the context of cumulative impacts.

MAREX Initiative

Organic Power Ltd are intending to apply for planning permission for a proposed 2000MW windfarm (450 wind turbines) across north Mayo which would be connected to a water storage energy hub at Glinsk, which will then transfer the energy back to Bellacorick before being cabled across the country and to the UK where it could provide more than 1% of the UKs total energy demand per year. Known as the MAREX initiative (Method for Atlantic Renewable Energy Export), the project is at Pre-Application Consultation with An Bord Pleanála. Given that no planning application has been lodged and the uncertainties surrounding it, this project is not considered further

5.5.11 Overall Cumulative Impact of All Projects

The nature of the predicted impacts, together with the spatial and temporal separation of the projects discussed above, and the operation of the Terminal are such that there is no potential for any impact on European Sites and it can be determined that the operation of the Terminal either individually or when taken in combination with other plans or projects, is not likely to have a significant effect on the European sites under consideration, or indeed on any other sites.

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6. MITIGATION MEASURES

Mitigation measures discussed in this Section are those which are associated with minimising the impacts of emissions arising from the operation of the Terminal, namely emissions to water and air, noise emissions and light emissions. From the above assessment of impacts on European sites in Section 5 it is apparent that mitigation is generally at source, in accordance with Best Available Techniques (BAT) which have been incorporated into the design of the plant, processes, technologies and systems at the Terminal. There is also spatial separation from the Terminal to the European sites. Further mitigation is therefore not required because no impacts are anticipated on any European site in the Natura 2000 network arising from the operation of the Terminal, and the Extension Application either in the vicinity or in the wider locality.

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7. RESIDUAL IMPACTS ON EUROPEAN SITES

No residual impacts are expected on any European site in the vicinity of the Terminal or in the wider locality in view of the conservation objectives of the sites - the qualifying interests for which the sites have been selected - or indeed on any other habitat and species listed as being of additional conservation interest for the sites.

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8. CONCLUSIONS

The potential for impacts resulting from the Extension Application have been considered in the context of the European sites and their conservation objectives. As a result of the EcIA, which takes account of the best scientific knowledge and the conservation objectives of each European Site, it can be determined that extending the period specified in Condition 1.5 by two years, either individually or when taken in combination with other plans or projects, is not likely to have a significant effect on a European Site. If it is decided that, it is necessary to carry out an appropriate assessment under Article 6(3) of the EU Habitats Directive, it is the view of the authors of this NIS that the Extension Application is an application to amend the duration of the specified period in the IE Licence P0738-01. As this is essentially an amendment of the duration of the specified period for substantial commencement of the operation, there will be no change to the existing IE Licensed activity. It is the view of the authors of the NIS that the Extension Application when analysed and evaluated in light of the scientific information referred to in this NIS that the Extension Application will have no adverse affect on the integrity of the European sites in the vicinity and in the wider location or on any other designated site, when taken individually or when taken in combination with the other plans or projects and there is no reasonable scientific doubt in this regard. The conservation objectives for the Special Areas of Conservation (i.e. the habitats and species for which they have been selected) will not be compromised by the Extension Application, there will be no likely significant effect on the European sites in the Natura 2000 network either when taken individually or when taken in combination with the other plans or projects discussed at Section 5.5 above. However, if it is decided that, it is necessary to carry out an appropriate assessment under Article 6(3) of the EU Habitats Directive, this NIS provides the requisite information to ground such an assessment. In the context of such an assessment it is the considered view of the authors of this NIS that the proposed development will have no adverse affect on the integrity of any European site or on any other designated site and there is no reasonable scientific doubt in this regard. The conservation objectives for the Special Protection Areas (i.e. the species, and habitats, for which they have been selected) will not be compromised by the Extension Application, and there will be no likely significant effect on the European sites in the Natura 2000 network either when taken individually or when taken in combination with the other plans or projects discussed at Section 5.5 above. However, if it is decided that, it is necessary to carry out an appropriate assessment, this NIS provides the requisite information to ground such an assessment. In the context of such an analysis and evaluation it is the considered view of the authors of this NIS that the proposed Extension Application will have no adverse affect on the integrity of any European sites or on any other designated site and there is no reasonable scientific doubt in this regard.

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9. REFERENCES

Dept. of the Environment, 1994 Planning Policy Guidance: Nature Conservation (PPG 9), H.M.S.O. ECJ Case C-258/11, Galway City Outer Bypass 11 April 2013 EPA. 2002. Guidelines on information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements. EPA, Wexford. EPA. 2003. Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements). EPA, Wexford. EU Directive 79/409/EEC of 2nd April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (the Birds Directive) European Commission 1992 Council Directive No. 92/43/EEC of May 21, 1992 (The Habitats Directive). European Commission. 2000. Managing Natura 2000 sites: The provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. European Commission. 2002. Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites: Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. European Commission. 2006. Nature and biodiversity cases: Ruling of the European Court of Justice. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. European Commission. 2007a. Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the ‘Habitats Directive’ 92/43/EEC. Clarification of the concepts of: alternative solutions, imperative reasons of overriding public interest, compensatory measures, overall coherence, opinion of the Commission. European Commission. 2007b. Interpretation manual of European Union habitats. EUR27. European Commission, DG Environment. European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 477 of 2011) IEEM 2006 Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment The Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management King, J.L., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Boylan, P., Caffrey, J.M., FitzPatrick, Ú., Gargan, P.G., Kelly, F.L., O’Grady, M.F., Poole, R., Roche, W.K. & Cassidy, D. (2011) Ireland Red List No. 5: Amphibians, Reptiles & Freshwater Fish. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland. Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D. (2009) Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Morris, R. 2008 Understanding the Habitats Directive: Appropriate Assessment - What is it and what is ‘appropriate’? IEEM In Practice Vol. 62 Dec 2008 pp 21-23. National Parks and Wildlife Service. 2008. The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. Conservation status in Ireland of habitats and species listed in the European Council directive on the conservation of habitats, flora and fauna 92/43/EEC. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. National Roads Authority. 2004 Guidelines for assessment of ecological impacts of National road schemes. NRA, Dublin.

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National Roads Authority. 2009 Guidelines for assessment of ecological impacts of National road schemes. Revision 2. NRA, Dublin. National Roads Authority, 2011, Guidelines for the Treatment of Air Quality During the Planning and Construction of National Road Schemes. Rev 1 May 2011. NRA Dublin. NPWS (2013) The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. Species Assessments Volume 3, Version 1.0. Unpublished Report, National Parks & Wildlife Service. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland. Neumann, F. en Woldendorp, H. (translated) 2004 Praktijkboek Habitattoets Netherlands NPWS 2009 Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland - Guidance for Planning Authorities Revised February 2010 Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government Therivel, R. 2009. Appropriate assessment of plans in England. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 29, 261-272. Treweek, J. 1999 Ecological Impact Assessment Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford

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FIGURE 1: Map to show European sites and other conservation designations within a 15km radius of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal and the 12.7km outfall location.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX 1:

SITE SYNOPSES FOR EUROPEAN SITES OF THE NATURA 2000 NETWORK LOCATED IN THE VICINITY OF THE BELLANABOY BRIDGE GAS TERMINAL AND ASSOCIATED PROJECT ELEMENTS

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Appendix 1.1 Special Areas of Conservation

SITE NAME: GLENAMOY BOG COMPLEX SAC Site Code: 000500 (Version date: 26.08.2013 Rev13)

This large site is situated in the extreme north-west of Co. Mayo, where the climate is wet oceanic, and gales from the Atlantic are frequent. This area is underlain by metamorphic rocks, comprising mainly schists and quartzites of Moinian age. From sea-level, the site reaches 379 m O.D. at Maumakeogh. The soils are predominantly peats, with underlying glacial tills usually only visible along water channels and roads. Four main river systems drain the site: the Glenamoy, the Muingnabo, the Belderg and the Glenglassra Rivers. One medium-sized lake, Lougherglass, occurs on the site. The site is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes):

[1230] Vegetated Sea Cliffs [21A0] Machairs* [3160] Dystrophic Lakes [4010] Wet Heath [5130] Juniper Scrub [7130] Blanket Bogs (Active)* [7140] Transition Mires [7150] Rhynchosporion Vegetation [1106] Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) [1393] Slender Green Feather-moss (Drepanocladus vernicosus) [1395] Petalwort (Petalophyllum ralfsii) [1528] Marsh Saxifrage (Saxifraga hirculus)

Blanket bog, a priority habitat under Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive, dominates the site. Glenamoy Bog is a prime example of the extreme oceanic form of lowland blanket bog and is one of the most extensive tracts of bog in the country. The bog occupies a gently undulating plain, but extends uphill to cover the slopes of Maumakeogh and Benmore in the eastern sector of the site, and northward, out toward the sea cliffs of the north-west Mayo coastline. Peat depth reaches 6 m in the low-lying areas. A large flush occurs at Rathavisteen, which supports species-rich vegetation, including Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos) and the moss Tomentypnum nitens which is nationally rare. Marsh Saxifrage (Saxifraga hirculus), listed under Annex II of the Habitats Directive and also on the Flora (Protection) Order, 1999, is found in another flush area in Barroosky and at a flush near Ballycastle. This is an extremely rare plant in Ireland, only known from Co. Mayo. Five other Annexed habitats occur in close association with the blanket bog - dystrophic lakes, wet heath, Juniper heath, Rhynchosporion depressions and transition mires. Dystrophic lakes and pools, which lie in peaty basins and have peat-stained water, are a common feature of lowland blanket bog. Some larger lakes also occur, the largest being Lougherglass. At Glenamoy, the lakes/pools

are particularly well-developed. The pools vary in size, some up to 150m2

, and range from 0.3 to 2 m deep. The larger pools contain Lesser Bladderwort (Utricularia minor), Pipewort (Eriocaulon aquaticum), Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), and sometimes Floating Bur-reed (Sparganium angustifolium) and the bog mosses S. auriculatum and S. cuspidatum.

Juniper (Juniperus communis subsp. nana) occurs scattered over the blanket bog, often on islands in pools or lakes, and often in association with Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) and hummocks formed of the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum. On steep slopes where the peat is shallow, the blanket bog grades into wet heath. Here, Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix), Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) and Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) are found. Where the heath is drier, and especially towards the northern coastal zone of the site, scattered Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) occurs with Heather and Juniper.

Transition mires or quaking bogs occur where the bog vegetation merges with flush type vegetation influenced by base enrichment, and also at the interface between large pools/small lakes and adjacent blanket bog. The vegetation is characterised by lawns of bog mosses (Sphagnum spp.), with abundant small sedges (especially Carex limosa, C. paniculata, C. rostrata and C. lepidocarpa), Bogbean and White Beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba). Diagnostic bryophytes (other than Sphagnum) include Aneura pinguis, Scorpidium revolvens and Calliergon giganteum. Rhynchosporion vegetation is best represented around pool margins and in wet hollows, and is often a component of transition mires. Sphagnum cuspidatum and S. auriculatum are the principal moss species

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associated with this habitat, with a relatively low diversity of vascular plants: White Beak-sedge, Bogbean, Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium), Purple Moor-grass and sundews (Drosera spp.). The rare Brown Beak-sedge (Rhynchospora fusca) is found in some of the pools and lawns. A rare moss, Drepanocladus vernicosus, has been recorded from an area of poor fen habitat within the blanket

bog complex. This is only one of 11 known sites for the plant in Ireland. This species is listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive. As mentioned above, two populations of another Annex II species, Marsh Saxifrage, occur within the site.

The coastal habitats at Glenamoy are extensive and varied. Sea cliffs extend for about 20 km along the north coast and achieve a height of 253 m, at Benwee Head. They vary in physical character from sheer cliff-face to slopes of varying gradients. Typical cliff-face vegetation includes Thrift (Armeria maritima), Sea Campion (Silene vulgaris subsp. maritima) and Red Fescue (Festuca rubra). Sea stacks and several islands occur, of which

Illaunmaistir is the most notable. A feature of the cliffs is the well-developed cliff-top vegetation, which ranges from typical Plantain-dominated vegetation (Plantago sward) to coastal heath. South of Benwee Head, the rocky coastline grades into an estuarine system, Sruwaddacon Bay, which contains sand dunes and a machair system. Machair is a form of sandy, flat, coastal grassland, and this particular machair is unusual in that it extends upslope at Garter Hill. It is, however, now very degraded owing mainly to over-grazing by sheep, an there is widespread erosion. Petalwort (Petallophyllum ralfsii), a rare bryophyte, listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive, occurs abundantly on the machair habitat. This is thought to be the second largest colony (after Slyne Head in Co. Galway) of this species in Ireland. The sea cliffs and islands provide excellent habitat for breeding seabirds. An internationally important population of Storm Petrel (7,500 - 10,000 pairs, pre-1987) occurs on Illaunmaistir. A large Puffin colony (approx. 2,000 pairs, pre-1987) and a small colony of Manx Shearwaters (c. 100 pairs) also occurs on Illaunmaistir. The mainland cliff was the first breeding site in Ireland for Fulmar, and now has a very substantial colony (approx. 2,000 pairs, pre-1987). There is a sizeable Kittiwake colony (approx. 400 pairs pre-1987), and small colonies of Guillemots and Razorbills (less than 100 individuals of each). Peregrine and Chough, both Annex I E.U. Bird Directive species, breed on the cliffs. Another Annex I species, Merlin, breeds on the blanket bog, as does Golden Plover. In winter, a small flock (less than 50 individuals) of Barnacle Goose visit Illaunmaistir and Kid Island. Otter, an E.U. Habitats Directive Annex II species, occurs on the site, as well as two other Red Data Book mammal species: Badger and Irish Hare. The Glenamoy River is predominantly a western, acidic, spate river which has a valuable late run of salmon (Salmo salar) in July, with good spawning habitats and good water quality. Sea Trout are also found. A number of land use practices have damaged parts of this site. Grazing by sheep and cattle is widespread, and over-grazing, which leads to soil erosion, has caused damage to parts of the blanket bog, heath and machair habitats. Peat cutting, by hand and to a lesser extent by mechanised means, is widespread throughout, though mostly confined to near roads and tracks. The region in general has been heavily afforested with conifers and much of the site is bounded by plantations.

This site is of immense ecological importance because of the presence of a number of E.U. Annex I habitats, including two priority habitats - blanket bog and machair. It supports populations of Habitats Directive –listed plant and animal species, as well as six Annex I Birds Directive species. It also has nationally important populations of other seabirds. Despite serious damage to parts of the site in recent years, large areas remain in good condition. Considerable archaeological interest is contained within the site, including the renowned Céide Fields. Furthermore, the site is of outstanding scenic value.

SITE NAME: BROADHAVEN BAY SAC Site Code: 000472 (Version date: 01.04.2014 _Rev14_01)

Broadhaven Bay is a large, north facing bay situated on the north-west Mayo coast. The site extends from the innermost part of the bay at Belmullet to the outer marine area between Erris Head and Benwee Head. At its outermost part, the site is 10 km wide. Exposure to prevailing winds and wave action diminishes from the mouth toward the head of the bay. Subsidiary inlets along the length of the bay provide further areas of additional shelter. The site is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes):

[1140] Tidal Mudflats and Sandflats

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[1160] Large Shallow Inlets and Bays [1170] Reefs [1330] Atlantic Salt Meadows [8330] Sea Caves

Broadhaven Bay encompasses a range of marine and coastal habitats, from extremely exposed bedrock at Benwee Head to sheltered sediments in the inner bay. There are good examples of wave-surged cave communities in shallow water with the anemone Phellia gausapata typically found in areas very exposed to wave action. A cave in deeper water supports colonies of the rare anemone Parazoanthus anguicomus and the soft coral Alcyonium glomeratum. The subtidal reef communities in the outer part of the bay are good examples of the zonation from kelp forest in shallow water, to kelp park with an understudy of foliose brown algae, to the sponge communities in deeper water. Species richness can be high (up to 72 species) and the widely distributed but uncommon crab Pirimela denticulata, and hydroid Tamarisca tamarisca, were both found at one site. In deeper

water the reef communities are characterised by the Axinellid sponge community, communities tolerant of sand scour and communities typical of vertical or steeply sloping bedrock. A range of sublittoral sediments occurs within the site with sediment in the outer part of the bay characterised by bivalves or the burrowing urchin Echinocardium cordatum. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occurs in more sheltered areas and the oyster Ostrea edulis may be present. The inner part of the bay has extensive areas of intertidal mud characterised by polychaete communities or muddy sand which support communities of polychaetes and bivalves, typical for these substrates. Saltmarshes occur in the very sheltered areas at Tallagh and Barnatra. These are fringe marshes on peat, and typical of the Atlantic salt meadow type. Species present include Thrift (Armeria maritima), Sea Arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima), Sea Plantain (Plantago maritima), Common Saltmarsh-grass (Puccinellia maritima), and the rushes Juncus gerardi and J. maritimus. Turf fucoids occur.

Inishderry, a small island in the inner bay, supports important numbers of breeding terns, with Sandwich Tern (81 pairs in 1995) and Common and Arctic Terns (42 pairs in 1995). The rare Little Tern has bred in the past. The island also has breeding Black-headed Gulls (100 individuals in 1995). Broadhaven Bay is an important area for wintering waterfowl, being part of a large complex that includes the Mullet and Blacksod Bay. Based on average peak counts over the five winters 1994/95 to 1998/99 the following species have nationally important populations: Red-breasted Merganser (38), Ringed Plover (484), Grey Plover (52), Sanderling (74), Dunlin (2,108) and Bar-tailed Godwit (484). In some winters Brent Goose numbers exceed the threshold of 200 for national and international importance. Regionally important numbers of a number of other species occur: Oystercatcher, Golden Plover, Lapwing, Knot, Curlew, Redshank and Turnstone.

This site is of high conservation importance owing to the presence of several habitats that are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive: large shallow bays; intertidal sandflats, reefs, marine caves and saltmarshes. In addition it has ornithological importance for breeding and wintering birds.

SITE NAME: CARROWMORE LAKE COMPLEX SAC Site Code: 000476 (Version date: 26.08.2013 _Rev13)

This site is located north and east of Bangor Erris, in Co. Mayo. There are two main parts to the site: Carrowmore Lake, a large, shallow oligotrophic/mesotrophic lake, and Largan More Bog, an impressive tract of blanket bog. From an altitude of 6 m at the lake, the site grades upwards in a general south-easterly direction, reaching 199 m on Largan More Bog. The site is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes):

[7130] Blanket Bogs (Active)* [7150] Rhynchosporion Vegetation [1393] Slender Green Feather-moss (Drepanocladus vernicosus) [1528] Marsh Saxifrage (Saxifraga hirculus)

Three areas of blanket bog are incorporated into the site: Glenturk, Carrowmore (or Glencullin) and Largan More. Glenturk Bog has relatively uniform vegetation and Carrowmore Bog is more diverse, with quaking lawns formed by bog mosses (Sphagnum spp.), hummocks (including some formed by Sphagnum fuscum), bog pools and an inter-connecting pool system. Largan More is the most extensive and interesting, with a fine inter-connecting pool system and large areas of typical, intact blanket bog vegetation. Bog pools are a feature of the bog surface, and

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these are colonised by a range of mosses and higher plants including Lesser Bladderwort (Utricularia minor), White Water-lily (Nymphaea alba), Water Lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna) and Pipewort (Eriocaulon aquaticum). Rhynchosporion vegetation is well-represented along the margins of pools and in the wet, quaking flats between pool areas. Typically the vegetation is dominated by the bog mosses Sphagnum cuspidatum and S. auriculatum, with vascular species such as Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), White Beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba), Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium) and Great Sundew (Drosera anglica) also present. Species-rich flush communities occur on streamsides and stream-heads. Sedges (including Carex limosa, C. rostrata and C. lepidocarpa) are abundant in flushes, with a rich variety of calcicole herbs and mosses. Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos) occurs in some flushes - this species is uncommon outside the centre of Ireland. Carrowmore Lake is a large (960 ha), shallow lake, with a maximum depth of approximately 2.5 m and a generally stony bottom. The lake water is almost neutral in terms of acidity (i.e. pH) and generally rather nutrient-poor. The shallow waters support species such as Common Spike-rush (Eleocharis palustris), Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora), Bulbous Rush (Juncus bulbosus), Marsh Pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris) and Perfoliate Pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus). The shoreline is dominated by Soft Rush (Juncus effusus), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus) and stands of Common Club-rush (Scirpus lacustris) or Common Reed (Phragmites australis). This

emergent vegetation grades landward into freshwater marsh and acid wet grassland, backed by blanket bog. Along this transition zone, bushes of Irish Heath (Erica erigena) are prominent. This species is frequent in parts of west Mayo, but rare in west Galway and unknown elsewhere in Ireland.

The rare Marsh Saxifrage (Saxifraga hirculus) occurs at the site. This species is protected under the Flora (Protection) Order, 1999, and is listed under Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive. It is confined in its distribution to north-west Co. Mayo. Recently, a population of the rare moss Drepanocladus vernicous was discovered in a flushed lawn within the extensive blanket bog complex. This species is also legally protected and is listed on Annex II of the Habitats Directive. The site supports a number of bird species which are of international conservation significance and which are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. In winter, Greenland White-fronted Goose arrive to feed around the lake and in some nearby fields. These birds are a sub-flock of the nationally important Bog of Erris flock. In summer, Merlin and Golden Plover breed on the boglands within the site. An Irish Tern Survey (1984) revealed that Sandwich Tern (164 pairs) and Arctic Tern (18 pairs) formerly bred within the site, and although the terns have not bred in recent years, Derreen's Island still supports a large and important colony of Common Gulls (600 individuals, 1993). A variety of wildfowl also occur, including Tufted Duck, Pochard and Wigeon. Goosander, a very rare species in Ireland, has been recorded here. Blanket bog in the site is used for grazing cattle and sheep and for turf-cutting, which is largely done by machine. Angling and water abstraction are the main land uses at Carrowmore Lake.

This site is of considerable ecological value, primarily for its extensive, intact blanket bog, which has a typical range of good-quality habitats, but also as a site for the very rare Marsh Saxifrage and the moss Drepanocladus vernicous. The north-western part of the site supports a number of Greenland White-fronted Goose, while other important bird species which occur are Golden Plover, Merlin, Sandwich Tern and Arctic Tern.

SITE NAME: SLIEVE FYAGH BOG SAC Site Code: 000542 (Version date: 29.08.2013 Rev13) Slieve Fyagh Bog is located about 6 km north-east of Bangor in Co. Mayo. It is bounded on the north by the Glenamoy River, on the east and west by forestry plantations, and on the south by the Glencullin River. Slieve Fyagh itself is a plateau of shales and sandstone rocks, reaching an elevation of approximately 300 m. The site is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes):

[7130] Blanket Bogs (Active)*

The plateau supports mountain blanket bog vegetation, unusual for this part of Mayo, where most of the mountains are covered by heath or acid-grassland vegetation. The flatter parts of the plateau have numerous lakes and blanket bog pools, inter-connected by quaking areas dominated by bog mosses (Sphagnum spp.). The

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largest lake, Lough Naguroge, is colonised by Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata) and Water Lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna). The scarce orchid, Lesser Twayblade (Listera cordata), occurs along its rocky shores. Several streams descend from the plateau to the lower-lying ground below. These provide suitable habitat for aquatic lichen and moss species, such as Dermatocarpon fluviatile and Fontinalis squamosa. The stream banks are grassy, with species such as Sweet Vernal-grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Yorkshire-fog (Holcus lanatus) and Great Wood-rush (Luzula sylvatica). The mosses Campylium stellatum and Philonotis fontana occur where flushes seep from mineral soils. Extensive areas of lowland blanket bog occur on the sloping terrain below the plateau, typified by the occurrence of Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans), Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium), Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix), White Beak-sedge, (Rhynchospora alba) and Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus). Pool systems occur below the northern slopes of Slieve Fyagh, the best examples being found at Bellagelly Bog. The pools support aquatic plants such as Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), Pipewort (Eriocaulon aquaticum) and Lesser Bladderwort (Utricularia minor). Further downslope, particularly in the vicinity of farmland, the blanket bog is heavily grazed by sheep, and peripheral areas are cut for turf. Serious peat erosion is occurring over much of the low-lying areas, where the peat is criss-crossed by erosion channels.

Slieve Fyagh Bog is important for the occurrence of mountain blanket bog, a habitat that is uncommon in this region. The extensive lowland blanket bog that surrounds the plateau is damaged and under threat from over-grazing and peat erosion.

SITE NAME: ERRIS HEAD SAC Site Code: 001501 (Version date:11.10.2013 Rev13)

Erris Head SAC is situated on the northern part of the Mullet Peninsula in north Co. Mayo. It comprises approximately 15 km of cliff, plus adjoining habitats. The geology of the region consists of acid rocks, such as quartzite, gneiss and Silurian schists and slates. The site is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes):

[1230] Vegetated Sea Cliffs [4060] Alpine and Subalpine Heaths

The sea cliffs at Erris Head are very exposed and subject to very high rainfall. They are of moderate height, reaching a maximum of about 90 m in the north-east. Aspect is predominantly north-facing. There is little information available on the vegetation of the cliffs but the known presence of species such as Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea) and Rock Sea-spurrey (Spergularia rupicola) suggest that there is a fairly typical cliff vegetation for such an exposed site. An area of sea, which extends 200 m from the base of the cliffs, forms part of the site. This is included mainly to provide added protection for the cliff-nesting seabirds. A notable habitat found at this site is alpine heath, which occurs inland from the tops of the sea cliffs. Typical heath species present include Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), Juniper (Juniperus communis) and Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum). The alpine heath is considered to be of good quality.

The alpine heath grades into a coastal grassland in places, and this forms the main terrestrial habitat at the southern part of the site. Other habitats present include wet heath and flushes. Here, plant species present include Blunt-flowered Rush (Juncus subnodulosus), the uncommon orchid Marsh Helleborine (Epipactis palustris) and three species of sundew (Drosera spp.). The site is of ornithological importance for a number of species. Chough frequents the site, and in 1992 nine pairs were recorded breeding. Peregrine also breed, while small numbers (<20) of Barnacle Goose utilise the grasslands in winter. These three species are of note as they are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. There is a scattering of breeding seabirds, though no major colonies. The main seabirds which breed are Fulmar (50-100 pairs, 1970) and Great Black-backed Gull (38 pairs, 1970). Grey Seals may be seen feeding below the cliffs, while on land two Red Data Book species, the Irish Hare and the Common Frog, are among the more notable animals which occur. Land use at the site consists mainly of sheep grazing, which appears not to be excessive. The area is also a popular location for tourists, especially those interested in walking.

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This site is of conservation importance primarily for the cliff and alpine heath habitats, both of which are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The presence of several Annex I E.U. Birds Directive species and some breeding seabirds adds to the interest of the site.

Appendix 1.2 Special Protection Areas

SITE NAME: BLACKSOD BAY/BROADHAVEN SPA

SITE CODE: 004037 (Site synopsis dated: 30.3.2005) Situated in the extreme north-west of Co. Mayo, this site comprises all of the inner part of Broadhaven Bay and the various sheltered bays and inlets in Blacksod Bay, including Trawmore Bay, Saleen Harbour, Elly Harbour and Tullaghan Bay. At low tide extensive areas of intertidal sand and mudflats are exposed. These support a well-developed macro-invertebrate fauna. Talitrid amphipods occur in decomposing seaweed on the strand line, whilst polychaete worms (Arenicola marina), bivalves (Cerastoderma edule) and crustaceans, such as Urothoe brevicornis, Ampelisca brevicornis and Bathyporeia pilosa, are common in the middle shore. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occurs at several localities. Salt marshes, which are often on a peat substrate, fringe parts of the site and provide useful roosts for the wintering waterfowl. Species typically present include Thrift (Armeria maritima), Common saltmarsh-grass (Puccinellia maritima), Sea Aster (Aster trifolium), Sea Milkwort (Glaux maritima), Sea Rush (Juncus maritimus) and Saltmarsh Rush (Juncus gerardi). At the lower levels of the marshes, and in places extending onto the open sand flats, are found Glasswort (Salicornia europaea agg.) and Seablite (Suaeda maritima). Sandy and shingle beaches are well represented. A small island, Inishderry, situated in the inner part of the bay, is used by nesting terns and gulls. The underlying bedrock consists mainly of schists and gneiss. The site supports an excellent diversity of wintering waterfowl species and is one of the most important wetland complexes in the west. It has nationally important populations of Great Northern Diver (31), Red-breasted Merganser (48), Bar-tailed Godwit (441), Ringed Plover (332) and Dunlin (1,709) - figures are average peaks for the 5 seasons 1995/96-1999/00. It also supports Red-throated Diver (15), Brent Goose (149), Oystercatcher (262), Golden Plover (267), Grey Plover (53), Knot (234), Sanderling (53), Curlew (330), Redshank (96), Turnstone (38), Shelduck (26), Mallard (55), Cormorant (29), Black-headed Gull (183) and Common Gull (161). It provides both feeding and roosting areas for the birds though some species may also utilise marginal habitats above the shoreline for feeding and/or roosting, as well as the shallow marine waters elsewhere in Blacksod Bay. Inishderry Island has a nationally important breeding colony of Sandwich Tern, with 160-170 pairs present in 1994 and 81 pairs in 1995. The terns at this site are considered to be the same population that nested at Carrowmore Lake in the past. It also has nesting Common Tern and Arctic Tern (total for the two species of 42 pairs), and a colony of Black-headed Gull (100 individuals in 1995). Little Tern has also bred in small numbers in the past. There are no serious imminent threats to the various bird populations. Aquaculture occurs and intensification could cause disturbance to the birds and their habitats. Some of the salt marshes have suffered damage due to heavy grazing by sheep, and remain vulnerable. This site is of high ornithological importance for its excellent diversity of wintering waterfowl and for the nationally important populations of five species that it supports. Of particular note is the usage of the site by over 3% of the national Ringed Plover population. It is also of importance as a breeding site for terns and gulls, especially the localised Sandwich Tern. It is of note that seven of the species that occur regularly are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive, i.e. Great Northern Diver, Red-throated Diver, Golden Plover, Bar-tailed Godwit, Sandwich Tern, Common Tern and Arctic Tern.

SITE NAME: CARROWMORE LAKE SPA

SITE CODE: 004052 (Site synopsis dated: 6.10.2004) Carrowmore Lake is a large, fairly shallow, oligotrophic/mesotrophic lake, which overlies Dalradian schists and quartzite. The lake generally has a stony bottom and shoreline. Stands of emergent, swamp vegetation occur, especially in sheltered areas. The shallow waters support species such as Common Spike-rush (Eleocharis palustris), Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora), Bulbous Rush (Juncus bulbosus) and Perfoliate Pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus). Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) and Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus) are frequent along the

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shore, with stands of Common Club-rush (Scirpus lacustris) and Common Reed (Phragmites australis). The

lake has one substantial island, Derreens Island, and several small islands; these are dominated by a grassy sward. Carrowmore Lake is set in a landscape dominated by blanket bogs. There is a long established breeding colony of gulls and terns on Derreens Island. Black-headed Gull and Common Gull both nest in numbers of national importance (37 and 59 pairs respectively in 2000), with the latter representing over 5% of the national total. Considerably higher numbers of both of these species have nested in the past. Sandwich Tern formerly had a large nesting population (164 pairs in 1984) but has not nested in at least the last 5 years. The colony is thought to have moved to an island in Broadhaven Bay but birds still regularly visit the lake and nesting may occur again in the future. Arctic Tern has also nested in the past. Mink predation is considered a problem for the nesting gulls and terns. A population of Greenland White-fronted Goose winters on the surrounding bogs and at times uses the lake for roosting and/or feeding. The number of birds using the site is fairly small, with an average peak of 34 for the five winters 1998/99-2002/03. Small numbers of wildfowl, mostly diving duck such as Pochard (72) and Tufted Duck (90), as well as Mallard (38), Scaup (5), Goldeneye (10), Red-breasted Merganser (4) and Cormorant (12) occur in winter. Research is required to determine the reason for the declining gull and tern numbers at Derreens Island. The island may need to be managed to optimise the potential nesting habitat. The lake is a Wildfowl Sanctuary so shooting is not an issue. Carrowmore Lake is of high ornithological importance on account of the nationally important gull colony and, in the past, the nesting terns. The occurrence of Greenland White-fronted Goose is of note as this species is listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive (as are the tern species).

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APPENDIX 2: EVALUATION AND IMPACT MAGNITUDE TABLES

Appendix 2.1: Ecological Site Evaluation Criteria (derived from NRA and IEEM EcIA Guidelines)

Ecological value Criteria

Internationally important

(A sites) EU Annex habitat in an internationally designated conservation area (or qualifying site; or site with a proposed designation) A viable area of a habitat type listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive, or smaller areas of such habitat which are essential to maintain the viability of a larger whole. Non-designated high quality habitat which equates to an EU Annex I priority habitat A regularly occurring, nationally significant population / number of any internationally important species.

Nationally important

(B sites) EU Annex habitat in a designated (or proposed) NHA. Non-designated good example of Annex I habitat (Under EU habitats Directive) Any habitat which may have been formerly classified as EU Annex I quality, but which has been subsequently highly modified as a result of change in the physical environment or damaged. Such a habitat may be still be classified as an Annex habitat on the basis of the presence of one or more character plant species, but can no longer be considered a good example of that habitat type

Locally important

High value

(C sites) Sites containing semi-natural habitat types with high biodiversity in a local context, with high degree of intrinsic naturalness. Locally rare habitats or species

Moderate value

(D sites) Sites containing some semi-natural habitat or locally important for wildlife

Low value

(E sites) Highly modified or artificial habitats with low intrinsic ecological value in terms of biodiversity Artificial habitats which provide some secondary wildlife habitat of local value

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Natura Impact Statement October 2014 57

Appendix 2.2: NRA EcIA criteria for assessing impact magnitude

Impact Magnitude Internationally important

(A sites)

Nationally important

(B sites)

High value, locally important

(C sites)

Moderate value, locally important

(D sites)

Low value, locally important

(E sites)

Profound negative Any permanent impacts

Permanent impacts on a large part of a site

Significant negative Temporary impacts on a large part of a site

Permanent impacts on a small part of a site


Moderate Negative

Temporary impacts on a small part of a site

Temporary impacts on a large part of a site



Permanent impact on a site if part of a designated site

Slight Negative

Temporary impacts on a small part of a site

Temporary impacts on a large part of a site



Imperceptible Negative

Temporary impacts on a small part of the site

Temporary impacts on a small part of the site


Neutral

No impacts No impacts No impacts No impacts No impacts

Slight Positve Permanent beneficial impacts on a small part of a site

Permanent beneficial impacts on a large part of a site

* For ecological evaluation criteria see Table 5 above

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Appendix 2.3 EPA Guidelines – Glossary of impacts

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APPENDIX 3: SUMMARY SCREENING MATRIX IN RELATION TO THE EXTENSION APPLICATION This summary includes the impact assessment and testing required under the provisions of Article 6(3) by means of the first stage of Appropriate Assessment, the screening process (as set out in the EU Guidance Document and SI 477 of 2011) and should be read in conjunction with the NIS to which this screening matrix is appended, including the updated environmental assessments. The Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government’s guidance (NPWS, 2009) states:

“Screening is the process that addresses and records the reasoning and conclusions in relation to the first two tests of Article 6(3):

whether a plan or project is directly connected to or necessary for the management of the site; and

whether a plan or project, alone or in combination with other plans and projects, is likely to have significant effects on a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives.

If the effects are deemed to be significant, potentially significant, or uncertain, or if the screening process becomes overly complicated, then the process must proceed to Stage 2 (AA). Screening should be undertaken without the inclusion of mitigation, unless potential impacts clearly can be avoided through the modification or redesign of the plan or project, in which case the screening process is repeated on the altered plan. The greatest level of evidence and justification will be needed in circumstances when the process ends at screening stage on grounds of no impact.”

The following sections (3.1 and 3.2) comprise the required assessment as laid out in the screening sections and screening matrix of the EU Guidance documentation

8.

3.1 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 3.1.1 Description of the individual elements of the project (either alone or in combination with other plans or projects) likely to give rise to impacts on the Natura 2000 site At all times compliance with the emission limit values for emissions enforced by the EPA and the Planning Authority will be met, therefore no impact, significant or otherwise, to any Natura 2000 site is anticipated.

Those elements covered by the application for an Extension Application in relation to the operation and design of the Terminal that are relevant, whether taken alone or cumulatively with other proposed development, in the context of the European sites are:

Emissions to water: Treated produced water

Produced water is a by-product of natural gas production. During the operation of the Terminal, the produced water will be arriving into the plant with the incoming gas stream, and it will be extracted at several points throughout the plant and treated by the produced water treatment system before being discharged to sea. The treated produced water will be discharged into the Atlantic Ocean at the coastal discharge point 2km off Erris Head at a water depth of 65m. No changes to water quality in the area of the discharge are anticipated resulting from the discharge of treated produced water.

Treated surface water Rainwater falling on the Terminal process areas (areas where there is a risk of hydrocarbon contamination) will be collected in the open drain sump and treated in the

8 EC (2001) Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites Methodological guidance on the

provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC European Commission.

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potentially contaminated surface water system (oily water system). The treated produced water and treated surface water (oily water) will be segregated, and will be discharged via the outfall 2km off Erris Head approximately 12.7km from the landfall. The treated produced water will be discharged as described above.

Storm water No changes to water quality in Carrowmore Lake are anticipated, resulting from the reinstatement activities at the terminal site or during operation, as a result of the discharge of uncontaminated surface (storm) water.

Emissions to atmosphere (NOx Reduction - using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)) The maximum project contribution is 0.2µg/m

3 and the maximum total concentration

(including the highest possible background that might be considered representative) is 12µg/m

3 which is considerably below the threshold required for the protection of sensitive

ecosystems - the applicable NOx annual average air quality standard for the protection of sensitive ecosystems being 30µg/m

3.

Noise emissions The noise control limits under which the Terminal has been designed and constructed to operate are intended to protect the amenity of the human receptors found in relatively close proximity to the site. These limits, relating to receptor location levels for daytime and night-time operation respectively, are: Daytime (07:00 - 23:00) 45dB LAeq,1hour Night-time (23:00 - 07:00) 35dB LAeq,15mins

With receptor locations situated close to the Terminal site boundary, noise emissions levels will be controlled to these values within a short distance of the Terminal footprint itself.

Light emissions The requirement for lighting during the operation of the Terminal remains as stated in the 2003 EIS and assessed at that time. A Light Emissions Management Plan as per Section 17, Table 17.2, of the 2003 Terminal EIS will be implemented once the plant reaches steady state operations. There is no change in light emissions from that assessed in the 2003 Terminal EIS.

3.1.2 Description of any likely direct, indirect or secondary impacts of the project (either alone or in combination with other plans or projects) on the Natura 2000 site

a. Size and scale The total site area occupied by the Terminal is 160ha. Operations will be confined to the Terminal footprint which occupies 13.05 ha.

b. Land-take There will be no landtake within any Natura 2000 site.

c. Distance from the Natura 2000 site or key features of the site Distances from European sites in the Natura 2000 network are shown in Table 1 of the NIS, the nearest to the Terminal being:, Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC (1.3km), Glenamoy Bog Complex SAC (1.8km), Slieve Fyagh Bog SAC (1.8), Blacksod Bay/Broadhaven SPA (1.9km), Carrowmore Lake SPA (2.9 km)

d. Resource requirements (water abstraction etc.) No water abstraction from the Natura 2000 sites will be undertaken, nor will there be any other resource requirements from any European site.

e. Emissions (disposal to land, water or air) The Terminal will continue to comply with the emission limits currently enforced by Mayo County Council and once the terminal is in operation, it will be complying with those set by the Industrial Emissions licence P0738-01, consequently there should not be an additional impact as a result of the proposed changes.

f. Excavation requirements No excavations will be undertaken in any Natura 2000 site.

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g. Transportation requirements There will be no requirement for transportation within any Natura site.

h. Duration of construction, operation, decommissioning, etc. Construction

No impact is anticipated to any European site when considered in combination with the remaining reinstatement works at the Terminal.

Operation No impact is anticipated to any European site when considered in combination with the operation of the Terminal, including the Extension Application. Decommissioning Decommissioning will be carried out in accordance with an agreed Decommissioning Plan for the wider site with EPA in line with the requirements of the Industrial Emissions Licence (P0738-01)(previously Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control Licence (P0738-01. Part of this plan will include meeting Industrial Emissions Licence (P0738-01) emission values for air and surface water. Compliance with these stringent limits will be maintained at all times therefore no likely significant impact to any European site or to the Natura 2000 network is anticipated.

3.1.3 Description of any likely changes to the [European] site No changes to the habitats and species of the Natura 2000 sites are anticipated, in respect of the following, as a result of the remainder of any site reinstatement activities, the operation of the Terminal and the Extension Application:

Reduction of habitat area:

Disturbance to key species:

Habitat or species fragmentation:

Reduction in species density:

Changes in key indicators of conservation value (water quality etc.)

Climate change

As described previously at Section 3.1.1, owing to the stringent emission limits values imposed on the quality of surface water leaving the site, no changes to water quality in Carrowmore Lake are anticipated, during the remainder of any reinstatement works and operation of the Terminal. There is no potential for change in the key elements of any European site as a result of the discharge at sea of treated produced water and treated surface water. Similarly, the levels of emission to atmosphere will be far below the impact threshold in relation to sensitive ecosystems. Given the distances from the Terminal to any of the European sites there is no potential for disturbance to key species as a result of noise and light emissions. 3.1.4 Description of any likely impacts on the Natura 2000 sites as a whole

Interference with the key relationships that define the structure and function of the sites

No interference with the key relationships that define the structure and function of the European sites will ensue as a result of the remaining reinstatement works and the operation of the Terminal. In addition it should be noted that the habitats and species for which the European sites (Carrowmore Lake Complex SAC and Carrowmore Lake SPA) have been designated are terrestrial and would therefore not be subject to impact in the unlikely event that a sediment run-off incident during extreme rainfall conditions should occur.

3.1.5 Provision of indicators of significance as a result of the identification of effects set out above

Loss: no habitat or species loss is anticipated.

Fragmentation: no fragmentation will result from the remaining reinstatement works and the operation of the Terminal.

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Disruption: no disruption to habitat and/or species for which the European sites have been selected is anticipated as a result of the remaining reinstatement works and the operation of the Terminal.

Disturbance: no disturbance to habitats and species is anticipated.

Change to key elements of the site (e.g. water quality etc.): no change to key elements of any European site, including their structure and function, is anticipated as a result of the remaining reinstatement works and the operation of the Terminal.

3.1.6 Description of those elements of the project or plan, or combination of elements, where the impacts are likely to be significant or where the scale or magnitude of impacts is not known The assessment of the criteria, as set out in this screening matrix and the NIS (to which this screening matrix is appended), show that the operation of the Terminal and the Extension application will not impact on the key elements of the European sites in the vicinity of the Terminal, nor indeed of any other European site. 3.2 CONCLUSIONS It can be objectively concluded that there are not likely to be any significant effects on European sites in the Natura 2000 network. No European site will be subject to direct or indirect impact as a result of the Extension Application. Having examined the criteria set out in the EU Guidance documentation for screening, the assessment has shown that neither the habitats and species for which the European sites in the vicinity of the Terminal have been selected, nor their conservation objectives or key elements of structure and function, will be affected by the Extension, either when taken alone or in combination with other plans or projects discussed at Section 5.5 above. The operation of the Terminal will be carried out in accordance with the strict environmental procedures currently in place on the site. At all times compliance with the emission limit values for surface water and atmosphere as enforced by the EPA and Mayo County Council will be met, therefore no impact to any European site is anticipated. Furthermore, no impact, indirect or otherwise, will affect European sites in the wider locality. Therefore, in conclusion, taking account of the best scientific knowledge and the conservation objectives of each European Site, it can be objectively determined that this Extension Application either individually or when taken in combination with other plans or projects, is not likely to have a significant effect on any European Site.

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APPENDIX 4:

SUMMARY OF RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA IN RESPECT

OF AIR, NOISE AND WATER

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Appendix 4.1: Corrib Baseline Air Quality

As part of the initial EIA studies for the terminal, RSK undertook an ambient air sampling survey on behalf of SEPIL which are reported in the 2003 Terminal EIS. Both NOx and SO2 – the two principal pollutants with potential ecological impact – were measured. Three sampling campaigns were carried out between 2001 and 2003. SO2 concentrations were found to be low and, as the project’s contribution to SO2 levels will be negligible, SO2 is not considered further. The average background concentration of NOx measured during the monitoring surveys (across all sampling locations) was 11 µgm-3. As EIA studies for the project have developed, a greater amount of ambient monitoring has gradually been put in place in Ireland by the EPA and the data are publicly available through the EPA website. Some rural locations have been added to the monitoring network since the first EIA. The most relevant, representative monitoring stations are considered to be:

Kilkitt, Co Monaghan – considered the most representative station in terms of its rurality

Castlebar, Co Mayo – the nearest station to the terminal site and the only one in Co Mayo that measures the relevant pollutants (a station at Claremorris only measures particulate matter, organic/elemental carbon and a range of anions/cations). Although nearer to the site, this station is considered less representative than Kilkitt as it is located in the outskirts of Castlebar and will therefore be more influenced by local traffic emissions.

The measured levels of NOx at these sites in 2012 are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: EPA Rural Monitoring Results

Station location and year -

3)

Castlebar 2012 11.7

Kilkitt 2012 4.6

Kilkitt 2011 3.3

As expected, the data from Castlebar show higher levels of pollution than those from Kilkitt, almost certainly due to the greater influence of local traffic, residences and general activity. The data from Kilkitt show a good degree of agreement with the results from the survey undertaken at the terminal site in 2001-3. It is considered that the original 2003 terminal survey data remain the most representative data available for use to characterise the background air quality in the vicinity of the terminal. The EPA data obtained for 2013 gave additional confidence in the validity of the terminal survey data.

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Appendix 4.2: Corrib Baseline Noise Summary

4.2.1: BACKGROUND NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The environs of the Terminal site are the same as those considered in the 2003 Terminal EIS. In the

intervening period some increase in traffic noise levels in the immediate vicinity has occurred at times

during the day due to general activity on the road network, but the generality of the ambient and

background conditions is unchanged.

Other general changes include increases in tree heights surrounding the Terminal footprint. This

provides an element of additional noise screening, particularly in areas where replanting and

subsequent growth have occurred.

The historical background noise survey data indicated that the site may qualify as an ‘Area of Low

Background Noise’. The screening process described in EPA NG4 has been followed, therefore, to

consider whether the Noise Sensitive Receptors (NSRs) should be deemed to be in areas of low

background noise.

The qualifying requirements for this definition are if, at a given NSL, all three of the following criteria

are satisfied:

Average Daytime Background Noise Level ≤40dB LAF90;

Average Evening Background Noise Level ≤35dB LAF90; and

Average Night-time Background Noise Level ≤30dB LAF90.

The Terminal has been designed to comply with standards equal to the more onerous standards required for an ‘Area of Low Background Noise’.

Short term manual survey measurements were carried out at the closest NSLs to the Terminal site

during November 2013, and compared with data collected in 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2014. Each of

these surveys represents a snapshot in time, of a continuously and highly variable soundscape which

is highly dependent on meteorological conditions.

A detailed review and analysis of both manual and automated noise survey measurement data is

presented in the background or ‘baseline’ noise survey report in Appendix B2., the findings of which

are summarised as follows:

No long term trends have been identified in the soundscape;

Although some NSR dwellings could be defined as in an ‘Area of Low Background Noise’ many are not in the category due to proximity to road traffic noise sources. However, the more onerous standards are applied for all receptors in any event;

Weather strongly influences the soundscape of the area. Accurate measurement of low noise emission levels presents significant challenges for much of the time; and

Entirely calm conditions in which low noise levels can be measured reliably have been confirmed from monitoring at the Terminal site to occur for less than 2% of the time.

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4.2.2 BELLANABOY GAS TERMINAL BACKGROUND NOISE REVIEW (Report by Clarke

Saunders Associates, 24 September 2014)

1. BRIEF

Shell E&P Ireland Ltd (SEPIL) has instructed Clarke Saunders Associates (CSA) to review

background noise levels in the vicinity of the Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal.

The intention of the review is to draw on the experience gained over 14 years’ involvement

with the project to compile an holistic profile of the prevailing ambient and background

noise conditions in the area.

2. BACKGROUND

Various environmental noise surveys have been conducted in the area, dating back to the

first site investigation studies in June 2000. All confirm that although noise levels on site

can drop to very low levels in the absence of local activity and weather related noise

sources, these sources result in elevated noise levels during most day and night-time

periods.

The location can be described as exhibiting a high dynamic range in ambient conditions,

with a large variation in level from day to day and hour by hour. The very low minimum

background levels make it appropriate to control Terminal noise emissions to very low

levels, but monitoring compliance will be hampered by foreground noise generated as a

result of the site’s proximity to the R314, its exposed location with respect to wind and rain

noise, and other local activity.

3. PREVIOUS SURVEYS

Specific environmental noise measurement surveys in the highly variable noise climate

described above are useful in identifying dominant noise sources and their relative

contributions, showing individual snapshots in time, and to some extent spatial variations

between locations.

Surveys conducted in 2000, 2001 and 2003 were reviewed in November 2008 and

compared with additional spot check measurements at that time to attempt to provide a

more comprehensive description of noise conditions and the extent to which they vary

over time. The following semantic descriptions of the night, evening and daytime noise

conditions provided the context of noise level variations prior to that stage:

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Daytime

During the daytime period individual traffic movements along the nearby roads, which

generate considerable noise levels at times, dominate the noise environment around the

site. Traffic along the R314 is generally audible at considerable distance, with a lesser

contribution from traffic on the local road to Bangor.

Daytime minimum background noise levels have been measured below 30dB LA90, but

average LAeq levels are generally above 50dB, depending on proximity to road noise

sources.

Evening

The minimum background noise levels during the evening tend to be similar to those

during the quiet periods of the day, although the average level decreases along with a

reduction in traffic activity. LA90 levels below 30dB are normal, with LAeq averages dropping

to around 45dB.

Night-time

During the night the area can be described as an isotropic environment (no continuous

dominant noise sources). Background noise levels are consistent with those occurring

during lulls in activity during the day and evening, but with more frequent opportunities to

approach minimum values.

Although relatively infrequent, calm conditions at night can result in the lowest

background LA90 values of around 20dB. Average LAeq levels at night tend to drop to

between 35 and 40dB.

4. ANALYSIS

Experience gained from extended site survey exercises in and around the vicinity of the

study site has provided an opportunity to develop a better understanding of the noise

climate or ‘soundscape’ of the area than is often the case.

This experience has demonstrated how difficult compliance monitoring against the license

thresholds (35 and 45 dB(A)) would be at receptor locations if using the LAeq parameter,

which is significantly affected by other ambient noise sources.

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Use of the underlying background measurement parameter LA90 as a proxy for LAeq noise

measurements from site is supported by this analysis, dramatically improving the

discrimination between site and environmental noise in the monitoring data. If Terminal

site noise emissions were steady and continuous, the site noise component as measured at

any receptor would comply with:

LAeq=LA90 (for steady, continuous noise sources)

The extent to which a source is effectively steady and continuous depends on the sample

period over which measurements are made. Use of the 15 minute sampling data

represents a good balance between excluding noisier short term environmental factors

(car passes, wind gusts, animal noises etc.) and as far as Terminal plant noise monitoring is

concerned, detecting relatively short term changes in a process which is expected to be

more steady and continuous than the surrounding environmental noise sources. As a

precautionary approach at the outset, it may be appropriate to consider the following

relationship which is applied in the standard (ETSU-R97) wind turbine assessment protocol

for noise sources which are relatively steady in nature, but exhibit a degree of cyclical

variation.

LAeq = LA90 +2dB (for steady, continuous noise sources)

Use of this proxy measurement technique, however, would not exclude all compliance

false alerts. Additional filtering for high windspeeds, and use of comparative on site

monitor data will also be required in establishing a reliable and robust monitoring regime.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Environmental noise data from a number of years’ survey measurements and direct

observational experience at and around the study site has been considered in re-assessing

the baseline conditions in the area.

It has been confirmed that the following semantic description of the surrounding noise

climate is still valid.

Daytime

During the daytime period individual traffic movements along the nearby roads, which

generate considerable noise levels at times, dominate the noise environment around the

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site. Traffic along the R314 is generally audible at considerable distance, with a lesser

contribution from traffic on the local road to Bangor.

Daytime minimum background noise levels have been measured below 30dB LA90, but

average LAeq levels are generally above 50dB, depending on proximity to road noise

sources.

Evening

The minimum background noise levels during the evening tend to be similar to those

during the quiet periods of the day, although the average level decreases along with a

reduction in traffic activity. LA90 levels below 30dB are normal, with LAeq averages dropping

to around 45dB.

Night-time

During the night the area can be described as an isotropic environment (no continuous

dominant noise sources). Background noise levels are consistent with those occurring

during lulls in activity during the day and evening, but with more frequent opportunities to

approach minimum values.

Specific recommendations have been made for proxy monitoring methods using

sophisticated noise logging instrumentation which will assist in the ongoing demonstration

of Terminal operational noise compliance.

Ed Clarke

CLARKE SAUNDERS ASSOCIATES

REPORT AS4856.140922.BNR03

24 September 2014

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APPENDIX 4.3.2 SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF THE AQUATIC RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT

4.3.2.1 Marine habitats and species – intertidal, nearshore and offshore

A number of offshore baseline surveys have been undertaken since publication of the 2001 Offshore EIS and 2003 Terminal EIS to further characterise the marine habitats in the areas of the Corrib Field and Erris Head outfall.

These surveys - covering 2007 (two surveys), and 2008, highlight the overall stability of the benthic communities and moderate to high species diversity of the seabed habitats in the area of the Erris Head (SW1) outfall location, as well as reflecting the lack of anthropogenic inputs with levels of contaminants consistent with published oceanic background concentrations. Survey reports are provided as Appendices A1-3.

Broadhaven Bay

Surveys carried out since 2001 have confirmed that the exposed, dynamic nature of Broadhaven Bay combined with the presence of coarse sediments influence the intertidal and nearshore communities such that they are relatively species poor. The offshore pipeline and umbilical occupy a very small footprint through Broadhaven Bay in this highly dynamic EU Annex 1 marine habitat. Whilst not on the route of the pipeline, Eel grass (Zostera) beds are located close to Ballyglass pier. Zostera species are listed as a component of some marine and estuarine Annex 1 habitats (EU Interpretation Manual, 2007) and they have a key role in maintaining coastal biodiversity. Surveys have been undertaken in 2002 and 2008 (pre-construction), and 2009 and 2010 (post-construction) to ascertain the impacts from the pipeline construction on the nearshore sediments of Broadhaven Bay. These reports are provided as Appendices A4-7.

The intertidal environment in the vicinity of the Glengad pipeline landfall has also been extensively studied both pre and post-construction since 2001. Surveys have been carried out in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2012. These reports are provided as Appendices A8-12.

Erris Head Area

The benthic macrofaunal communities present at sites sampled north and north east of Erris Head during surveys carried out in 2007 and 2008 exhibited moderate to high diversity, generally with moderate abundance and a high degree of evenness. There was low dominance by single species, indicating a stable seabed ecosystem. The species found were typical of subtidal sandy habitats, ranging from those found in coarse sand and gravel to those preferring more stable fine sand. It should be noted that the macrofaunal communities sampled, are representative of sediment infauna located where grab sampling took place. As a consequence, they do not reflect the communities inhabiting any hard rock substrate present in the area.

At a broad taxonomic level, annelid polychaetes were the dominant taxa, while crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms made up small proportions of the fauna observed across the area, on average comprising less than 25% of the overall community. Tellinid bivalves such as Moerella pygmaea and Abra prismatica were also commonly observed across the Erris Head offshore area.

No species of conservation importance were recorded, and in overall terms the communities recorded are typical of seabeds along the Atlantic coasts of North West Ireland.

In the area of the Erris Head discharge location, although deeper at approx 65 meters water depth, the seabed sediments are still relatively coarse in nature, although the communities are more diverse and stable.

Marine Mammals

Baseline and monitoring surveys have been carried out since 2001. These are provided in Appendices A13-19). The results of these marine mammal surveys have shown that Broadhaven Bay

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and neighbouring waters are nationally important in terms of diversity and abundance of cetaceans, that there may be a resident population of bottlenose dolphins and that the area may be used as a breeding and rearing area by some dolphin species. Eight species of cetacean and two seal species have been recorded in the bay.

All cetaceans are listed under Annex IV of the Habitats Directive, designating them as “species of community interest in need of strict protection”. A further five species of marine mammals occurring in Irish waters are listed under Annex II, designated them as “species of community interest, whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation”. Four of these Annex II species, Bottlenose dolphin (Phocoena phocoena), Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and Harbour (Common) seal (Phoco vitulina), have been recorded in the bay almost throughout the year.

Benthic Species

As indicated above a number of benthic surveys have been carried out since 2001, encompassing the offshore area of the Corrib Field, the offshore pipeline route, the Erris Head outfall (SW-1), nearshore in Broadhaven Bay, the intertidal area at the Glengad landfall, and within the inner areas of Broadhaven Bay (including the Sruwaddacon – (reported in Appendix A20)).

Benthic communities in the vicinity of the Corrib Field (Appendix A21) are typical of those expected for the area and the substrate type. The macrofaunal community is characterised by relatively high species diversity. No species or habitats were of particular conservation interest.

The benthic macrofaunal communities present in the vicinity of the Erris Head (SW1) outfall are of moderate to high diversity, generally with moderate abundance and a high degree of evenness, with low dominance by single species, indicating a stable seabed ecosystem. No species of particular conservation value were recorded.

No species of conservation importance were recorded, and in overall terms the communities recorded are typical of the sea bed along the Atlantic coasts of North West Ireland.

4.3.2.2 Marine water quality baseline environment

In addition to the information provided in the 2003 Terminal EIS (which presented baseline data collected off Erris Head in 2000), this review has drawn on the data collected during various baseline surveys that have been undertaken since 2003.

The updated baseline information pertinent to this review includes the following:

2007 –baseline survey around permitted outfall location off Erris Head; (Appendix A1)

2008 – additional baseline survey off Erris Head (Appendix A3) ; and

2013 – additional baseline water quality survey in and around the Corrib Field, and verification survey off Erris Head in the vicinity of the SW-1 outfall (Appendix A22) .

Seawater Chemistry

Marine chemistry data sets from the 2013 survey have been reviewed. The west coast of Ireland in general, and more specifically, the areas affected by the Corrib development, are not well documented, as few surveys have been carried out in these areas, however the results of the water quality analysis carried out in 2013 correspond well with the results at the SW1 outfall location off Erris Head in 2005, 2007 and 2008.

Outfall location off Erris Head (SW1)

Six stations were sampled for near surface and near seabed water quality in the vicinity of the discharge location off Erris Head (SW1). Temperature and salinity depth profile data were also collected at each station. Stations corresponded with those that had previously been sampled for water quality during 2005, 2007 and 2008 and were generally orientated with the set of the prevailing currents.

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Figure 4.3.2-1 shows the sampled locations in the vicinity of the Erris Head treated surface water outfall.

Figure 4.3.2-1 Sampling stations for seawater quality at the Erris Head discharge location (SW1)

The results from the survey indicate sea surface temperatures of around 12°C. At all stations the water was well-mixed and temperatures remained relatively constant throughout the water column to the seabed with water depths ranging between 58 and 74 m.

Previous surveys at this location (during summer 2007 and 2008) recorded a seasonal thermocline at around 40 m water depth, which did not appear to be present during this survey. It is likely that the seasonal thermocline breaks down quickly during the autumn months resulting in a well mixed water column.

As would be expected in a coastal area with little freshwater input, only minor differences in the salinities of the surface waters were observed, with very little variation through the water column to the seabed. Salinity remained relatively constant at around 35 PSU.

Depth profiles for temperature and salinity at stations visited off Erris Head are presented in Appendix A22.

Marine Contaminants

Erris Head

Metals

Results from the 2013 samples compare well with those from previous surveys at the same locations in 2007 and 2008 and with Marine Institute data collected during monitoring surveys for the European Shellfish Waters Directive (SWD) and Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2004-05 and 2012. Results from samples collected in 2013 are compared with those from other sources in Appendix A22.

The results continue to show that the waters off Erris Head have low concentrations of metals – which is to be anticipated given the open nature of the outfall location – and low levels of anthropogenic input in the area.

Suspended Particulate Matter

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Results from 2013 are indicative of the high clarity in these coastal waters. The results also correspond well with the findings from the 2007 and 2008 surveys (see Appendix A22). Levels of suspended particulate matter were often too low for the analytical method used to record.

Ammoniacal Nitrogen

Ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations in 2013 samples were below the detection limits of the method used with the exception of one sample (0.011mg/l). These results correspond well with the surveys of 2008 and are in general somewhat lower than had been the case in the 2007 survey. These concentrations are very low and despite the coastal location it seems unlikely that ammoniacal nitrogen is influenced by land run–off. It is expected that there would be a degree of seasonal variation in the ammoniacal nitrogen levels which may account for some of the minor differences between the results of the various surveys.

Trace Organics

The situation off Erris Head is very similar to that in the Corrib Field in respect of trace organics – any compounds detected were at very low concentrations, reflecting the pristine nature of the environment.

4.3.2.3 Freshwater habitats in the wider vicinity of the Terminal

The freshwater aquatic habitats in the wider vicinity of the Terminal remain as described in the 2003 Terminal EIS.

Bellanaboy River System (Carrowmore Catchment)

A number of surveys were carried out between 2004 and 2007 to ascertain the status of the fish population (species, locations, size, age and numbers (density)) and life cycles in the aquatic environment surrounding the Terminal site. The survey reports for the electrofishing and seine netting surveys carried out in 2004, 2005 and 2007 are included in Appendices A23 – A25. The fishing survey site locations are shown in Figure 4.3.2-2. Key trends in the survey results are summarised in the subsections below.

Electrofishing

In the locations surveyed in 2004 (Poole et al., 2004) (Appendix A23), 2005 (Poole et al., 2005) (Appendix A24) and 2007 (de Eyto et al., 2007) (Appendix A25) salmon Salmo salar, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, 3-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), eel (Anguilla anguilla), and brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri), were recorded. However in all sites sampled minnow, eel, and brook lamprey were scarce.

Catches of 0+ and 1+ salmon in the Bellanaboy catchment indicate a reduction in smolt production after 2005 and predicted a slight recovery by 2009. The recommendation of the 2007 report was that every effort be made to ensure the continued successful spawning and recruitment of salmon in the upper Bellanaboy catchment.

Seine netting

Seine netting carried out in Carrowmore Lake in 2004, 2005 and 2007 (Appendices A23-25) indicated that numbers of salmon and trout were generally low compared to reported studies in the littoral zones of other lakes. Carrowmore Lake has a very large littoral area by comparison with other lakes (in relation to the overall size of the lake), which could account for the relatively low densities recorded. The density of salmon, trout and 3-spined stickleback remained generally unchanged over the years of the survey period.

Fish surveys provide one biotic index for assessing the ecological quality of river systems, and the results indicated that the quality in the Bellanaboy catchment remained high enough to support populations of salmon and trout at the time of the surveys.

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Figure 4.3.2-2: Electrofishing site locations including identification of the production area and models used in estimates. (Source: de Eyto et al., 2007)

Gill netting

Gill net surveys were carried out at 18 locations throughout Carrowmore Lake in summer 2011 (Appendix A26). A total of five fish species were recorded from a total of 501 fish captured over the two night survey period. Brown trout, 3-spined stickleback, salmon, minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) and eel were all recorded with brown trout (dominant in terms of biomass) and 3-spined stickleback (dominant in terms of species abundance) making up the majority of the species captured.

Based on the fish populations present during this survey, Carrowmore Lake was assigned a High ecological status.

Onshore pipeline freshwater ecological monitoring – Leenamore system and others

Local watercourses, including those in the Leenamore system, have been monitored for fish and macro-invertebrates by the Aquatic Services Unit of University College Cork (UCC) as part of the Corrib Onshore Pipeline Environmental Management Plan’s (EMP) ongoing monitoring programme. Five sites have been monitored (three on the Leenamore River including up and downstream of the confluence with the Terminal Stream), at locations on the Terminal Stream itself and the Forest Stream (see Figure 4.3.2-3).

Monitoring results from electrofishing surveys and macro invertebrate sampling on the Leenamore River may be summarised as follows:

Electrofishing

Electrofishing was carried out at two locations on the Leenamore (Site 1 and 2) upstream and downstream of the confluence with the Terminal stream.

In 2012, three species were recorded at Site 1 (salmon, trout and 3-spined stickleback, while at Site 2 only trout were recorded. At the time it was considered likely that eels would also be present on the Leenamore, however they were not recorded.

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Figure 4.3.2-3: Locations of electrofishing and macro invertebrate monitoring sites in watercourses immediately north of Bellanaboy Bridge Gas Terminal

The 2012 survey was the first occasion on which salmon have been recorded on the Leenamore River (previous surveys have been undertaken, reported in the 2010 Onshore Pipeline EIS). This could be due to the fact that previous surveys concentrated effort further upstream, but it is also possible that the 2007 ban on drift netting at sea and draft netting at the mouth of the Sruwaddacon has resulted in an increase in salmon numbers returning to the system, including the lower reaches of the Leenamore.

The 2013 survey recorded four species: brown trout, eel, flounder and stickleback. At the downstream site, 16 trout and 2 stickleback, 1 eel and 2 flounder were recorded captured, measured and released, while at the upper site, 12 trout were recovered. These figures mark an increase in trout density since the same time in 2012. The absence of salmon from the lower site in this round of monitoring confirms that the lower site is only sporadically used by the species.

Macroinverebrates

Freshwater macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted in March and September in 2012 and 2013. The findings of this study have been included in order to provide some additional information regarding the macrofaunal assemblages of watercourses in the wider area around the terminal site.

Kick-sampling surveys were conducted during the spring and autumn seasons in 2012 and 2013 at five locations as shown in Figure 4.3.2-3. At each site, photographs were taken; GPS positions recorded; details of substrate, in-stream and bankside vegetation, and flow conditions were noted. A 2-minute kick-sample was collected at each site and the macro-invertebrates collected were preserved for later enumeration and identification.

The majority of sites sampled for macro invertebrates in both years fell into Q-value categories 4-5, indicating fair-good water quality. No sites were recorded as being less than good on the WFD water quality status scale, which would tend to indicate that these watercourses were in a healthy overall status, using macro-invertebrate assemblages as an indicator of water quality.

The surveys showed them to have characteristic macro-invertebrate communities for those site types.

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Glenamoy River System

Electrofishing

A single site was surveyed by electrofishing on the Glenamoy River as part of the wider WFD monitoring of rivers in 2012. The full report of the WFD survey programme of rivers in the Western Basin District (which includes the Glenamoy) is included as Appendix A27. The survey site was approximately 4km upstream of the point where the Glenamoy River enters the Sruwaddacon Estuary.

A total of 4 species of fish were recorded, in order of abundance as follows: Salmon, eel, brown trout and 3-spined stickleback. Based on the fish populations present in 2012, the ecological status of the Glenamoy River at the location sampled is considered Good with a confidence of 60%.

Other survey data - macro invertebrate assemblages

The 2003 Terminal EIS included data on macro invertebrates, comparing the number of faunal groups identified at a particular location against a biological index, in this case the Q-index to estimate pollution and assess water quality. The Quality Rating System (Q-Index) developed by the EPA rates the overall water body quality status based on the macro-invertebrate assemblage as predictable assemblage responses to changes in water quality enables their use as biological indicators of water quality.

The Q-value index is calculated and the quality of the stream classified as indicated in Table 4.3.2-1.

Table 4.3.2-1: Classification of Water Quality in relation to Q-Value Index

Biotic Index Quality Status Quality Class

Water Quality

WFD Status

Q5, Q4-5, Q4 Unpolluted Class A Good-Fair High-Good

Q3-4 Slightly polluted Class B Fair-Doubtful

Moderate

Q3, Q2-3 Moderately polluted

Class C Doubtful-Poor

Poor

Q2, Q1-2, Q1 Seriously polluted Class D Poor-Bad Bad

During 2005, a single specimen of Ephemera dancia was recorded from the Muinginguan River approximately 500 m upstream from the confluence with the Bellanaboy. This species is considered an indicator of relatively good water quality and may indicate a change in trophic or pH status of the river. However, no firm conclusions were given due to the fact that it was an isolated specimen (Poole et al, 2005).

The report summarising the data collected in 2005 (Poole et al., 2005) (Appendix A24) concluded that no impact was detectable on the invertebrate community in the Muingingaun River from the Terminal development.

Water Quality

In 2009, a new statutory instrument European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 (SI No. 272 of 2009) (later amended by (S.I. No. 327/2012)) was published which brought the requirements of Directives into Irish law:

2008/105/EC on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy;

to give further effect to Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy; and

2006/11/EC on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community.

Of relevance to the Terminal development, the Regulations require:

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the establishment of legally binding quality objectives for all surface waters and environmental quality standards for pollutants;

the examination and review where necessary of existing discharge authorisations by Public Authorities to ensure that the emission limits laid down in authorisations support compliance with the new water quality objectives/standards;

the classification of surface water bodies by the EPA for the purposes of the Water Framework Directive; and

the establishment of inventories of priority substances by the EPA.

As a result of the introduction of these regulations, new water environmental quality standards (EQS’s) for the surface waters around the Terminal development were established. Relevant standards can be found in Appendix A28, along with the results of the monthly water monitoring carried out by Mayo County Council at two locations on the Bellanaboy River and a location on Carrowmore Lake since 2005.

Water quality monitoring data from locations on Carrowmore Lake and Bellanaboy River has been collected for a number of years, and the latest data (2010-2013) has been summarised to form a baseline for the purposes of this report. This period is considered to be representative of baseline conditions. Data is summarised for winter and summer months to correspond with maximum and minimum flow rates. The data is summarised below.

The results of the surface water monitoring (summarised 2010-13 Mayo County Council water quality data (Appendix A28) shows that the surface waters surrounding the Terminal (Bellanaboy and Carrowmore Lake) meet most of the new EQS’s with the exception of total phosphorus and ammonia which exceed the EQS during some of this period.

A study of the water quality of Carrowmore Lake and its tributaries was undertaken during 2004 and 2005 by the NWRFB (NWRFB, 2005). At this time the lake was found to be strongly eutrophic. The Bellanaboy River catchment was found to have the highest catchment phosphorous export rate, while ammonia levels were also elevated at a number of stations sampled. Water quality in both the Bellanaboy and Carrowmore Lake at this time appeared to be deteriorating with ortho-phosphate levels in the streams and chlorophyll and ortho-phosphate concentrations in the lake both giving rise to concern.

Appendix A29 shows the Water Framework Directive (WFD) waterbody status report, produced as part of the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) for the Carrowmore catchment for 2010. This provides a range of information about the overall health of the waterbody. In 2010 the ecology of the waterbody was described as being of moderate status, with good physico-chemical status. Eutrophication (presented in the 2010 RBMP) was considered to be at “at risk” status in 2008.

Results at the time indicated that the Bellanaboy River was tending towards a moderately polluted status. The high phosphorus measured in the Bellanaboy provided evidence for a deterioration in water quality and trophic status. Annual maximum chlorophyll concentrations of 46 µg/l during 2004 categorized the lake as being strongly eutrophic. This was thought to be due in most cases to excess input of phosphorous to the catchment from landuse practices.

It was determined that excessive siltation and phosphorous run-off in the upper areas of the catchment was a critical factor in the decline of the habitat value of this tributary at this time.

The levels of suspended solids in the watercourses in the Bellanaboy catchment are generally relatively high naturally, however monitoring of fish, macro invertebrates and water quality parameters (as mentioned the most recent measured parameters on the Bellanaboy and Carrowmore Lake) indicate that the aquatic environment remains healthy and that the environmental quality status is improving.

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Appendix 4.3.3: Water related baseline reports

Appendix Ref. No.

Document Title

A1 Corrib Outfall Environmental Survey 2007 (RSK, March, 2008)

A2 Corrib Offshore Pipeline Survey Report rev00 (Summer 2007) (RSK, 2008)

A3 Erris Head Outfall Environmental Survey 2008 (RSK, August 2009)

A4 Marine benthic monitoring of the proposed Corrib Gas Pipeline pre construction survey (Ecoserve 2002)

A5 Broadhaven Bay Nearshore Pipeline Route Environmental Survey 2008 (RSK, January 2009)

A6 Nearshore Pipeline Survey Report 2009 rev01 Final (RSK, March 2010)

A7 Nearshore Pipeline Survey Report 2010 rev01 (RSK, May 2011)

A8 Baseline report for the monitoring of the marine ecology in relation to the building of the gas pipeline and outfall in Broadhaven, Co.Mayo – Pre construction survey (June – July 2005) (EcoServe, July 2005)

A9 Glengad Landfall Intertidal Survey Report (Summer 2008) (RSK, January 2009)

A10 Shell landfall intertidal survey October 2009 (RSK, 2010)

A11 Shell landfall intertidal survey June 2010 (RSK, 2011)

A12 Shell landfall intertidal survey May 2012 - (RSK, 2012)

A13 Marine Mammal Monitoring in the Waters of Broadhaven Bay & northwest Mayo, 2001-2002 (CMRC, March 2003)

A14 Marine Mammal Monitoring in Broadhaven Bay, June – September 2005 (CMRC, January 2006)

A15 Marine Mammal Monitoring in Broadhaven Bay 2009 CMRC FINAL 6 May 2010

A16 Marine Mammal Monitoring in Broadhaven Bay 2010 Annual report - CMRC

A17 Marine Mammal Monitoring in Broadhaven Bay 2011 Annual Report - CMRC



A20 Inner Broadhaven Bay Marine & Intertidal Ecological Survey Report (Summer 2007) (RSK, November 2007)

A21 Corrib Offshore Field Environmental Survey 2008 - (RSK, 2009)

A22 Corrib Field Development - SW-3 Manifold and SW-1 Outfall Seawater Quality Survey (RSK, January 2014)

A23 Baseline assessment of the Salmonid Habitat in the Owenmore Catchments, 2004

A24 Results of a survey of the freshwater salmonid habitat of sub-reaches within the Owenmore River System, 2005 (The Marine Institute and the North Western Regional Fisheries Board)

A25 Results of a survey of the freshwater salmonid habitat of sub-reaches within the Owenmore River System, 2007 (The Marine Institute and the North Western Regional Fisheries Board)

A26 Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Carrowmore Lake, June 2011 (Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2012)

A27 Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Rivers in the Western River Basin District 2012 (Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2013)

A28 Averaged Summer and Winter water quality data for monitoring locations on Carrowmore Lake and on the Bellanaboy River for 2010-2013

A29 WFD Waterbody Status Report produced as part of the RBMP for Carrowmore Lake 2010

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APPENDIX A:

WATER RELATED BASELINE REPORTS (A1 to A29)

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