BELLRINGER:1. How is Henry VIII related to Elizabeth I?

2. The Church of England is also known as the _____________ Church.

The Reformation Continues

Chapter 1, Section 4

CALVIN CONTINUES THE REFORMATION

Who is John Calvin?

• Young law student in France

• Only 8 years old when Luther posted the 95 Theses

• Publishes a book summarizing Protestant beliefs about God, salvation, and human nature

What Calvin’s book said….

• People are naturally sinful• Cannot earn salvation (just like Luther

said!)• In fact, God has already picked who he

will save– Predestination: God has already

chosen the “elect” (the people who will be saved)

Calvinism – religion based on these teachings

Calvin moves to Geneva• People of Geneva ask Calvin to be their leader• Calvin sets up a theocracy – Theocracy = government run by religious leaders– Strict Rules

• Religion class is mandatory• No bright clothing• No playing cards

– Strict Punishment for breaking the rules• Imprisonment, excommunication, or banishment• Heretics are burned at the stake

• To many Protestants, Geneva is the model city

Calvinism Spreads• John Knox puts Calvin’s ideas to work in

Scotland– Churches governed by elders or presbyters – Now known as Presbyterian Church

• Calvinism becomes official religion of Scotland– Overthrow their queen in favor of her infant son

• Today, most Protestant churches trace their roots to Calvinism– Most have softened his teachings though

Other Protestant Reformers

• Anabaptists– Only baptize people old

enough to choose to be Christian No baby baptisms

– Church and state should be separate

– Refused to fight in wars– Hated by Catholics AND

other Protestants

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATIONAlso known as the Counter Reformation

Change from within….

• Jesuits – members of the Society of Jesus– Founded by Ignatius of

Loyola– Focused on 3 activities:• Building amazing

schools• Convert non-Christians

to Catholicism• Stop spread of

Protestantism

Reforming Popes

• Pope Paul III took 4 important steps to reform the Catholic Church– Investigated indulgence selling– Approved the Jesuit order– Used the Inquisition to try and punish heretics– Called the meeting of the Council of Trent

• Pope Paul IV– Index of Forbidden Books– Burns all of the books considered dangerous to the

Church

Council of Trent

• Catholic bishops and cardinals agree on several things:– Catholic Church’s interpretation of Bible is final• Anyone who used their own interpretation = heretic

– Faith & Good works need for salvation• Can’t get by on faith alone

– Bible and Church are equally powerful– Indulgences are valid. • But selling fake indulgences is not OK.

Legacy of the Reformation

Religious/Social Effects• Protestant churches flourish• New denominations

develop• Catholic Church is more

unified• Education is emphasized in

both churches

Political Effects• Catholic Church’s authority

declines• Individual monarchs gain

power• Questioning of beliefs and

authority will lay groundwork for the Enlightenment