Bellringer 7:Do Species Change Over Time?

As the climate or environment changes, willa species change or adapt to the newenvironment?

Explain what will happen if the species doesnot adapt.

ALL LIVING THINGS MUST ADAPT

BELLRINGERS1. Describe why a species would change over time.

2. Describe how fossils are formed and name several types.

3. Name and describe how each of the rock types are formed.

4. Describe how the law of superposition is used to date rocks and fossils.

What Evidence Do Scientists Have ThatSpecies Do Change? How do we know species have adapted?FOSSIL EVIDENCE – Scientists can study fossils to see how species have changed with the environment.

a. Fossil- Any naturally preserved evidence of life.

TYPES OF ROCKS

• In which type of rock will you find a fossil?????

• 3 TYPES OF ROCKS– IGNEOUS– SEDIMENTARY– METAMORPHIC

• Definition: FORMED WHEN MAGMA COOLS AND HARDENS (SOLIDIFIES)

–Can a fossil form in this kind of rock? Explain your answer.

• ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO IGNEOUS ROCK BY MELTING & COOLING OF ANY ROCK

Would you find igneous rocks

in Kentucky?Where would you

find them?

Definition: FORMED WHEN EXISTING ROCK IS CHANGED INTO NEW ROCK BY HEAT AND PRESSURE.

• ALL TYPES OF ROCKS AND BE CHANGED INTO METAMORPHIC ROCK BY HEAT AND PRESSURE

• Definition: FORMED WHEN LAYERS (STRATA) OF SEDIMENTS HARDEN AND FORM SOLID ROCK

• Sediment – grains or small pieces of rock that settle out of water

• This type of rock can only be formed UNDER WATER!!!!!!!

This is the only type of rock that fossils can be found!!!!!!

• ALL TYPES OF ROCKS AND BE CHANGED INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK BY WEATHERING, EROSION, & LAYERING OF SEDIMENTS

How does a fossil form?

www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/fossil/5to8/Intro.html

2. Plant or animal has to be completely covered by water or soil

3. Water deposits sediment over organism.

4. Layers build up over the organism.

1. Organism dies.

5. Mud, sediments and bones turn into rock.

BELLRINGERS1. Describe why a species would change over time.

2. Describe how fossils are formed.

4. Name and describe how each of the rock types are formed.

6. Describe how the law of superposition is used to date rocks and fossils.

3. Name the 4 main types of fossils.

5. Define – geologic column, relative dating, absolute dating, fossil record, index fossil

Fossil Formation and Types

1. Fossils in rock

2. Petrification

3. Entire Organisms

4. Trace Fossils

www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/fossil/9to12/Page2.html

Fossil Formation and Types

a. Fossils in rocks (not the actual object)-mold- hollow area in sediment in the shape ofan organism.cast- Copy of the shape of the organism. Nothollow.imprint – thin objects like leaves or feathers leave small impression in the rock

mold cast Imprint

Fossil Formation and Types

B. Petrification –Organism’s tissues are replaced by minerals and it is turned into stone.

Petrified Wood Dino Leg Bone

Fossil Formation and TypesC. Entire organisms – whole organism preserved

Amber – Insect lands in tree sap and it hardens.Mummification – Organism dies out so fast that the organism does not decay.Frozen – Organism trapped in ice.Tar – Organism caught in tar pit.

Fossil Formation and TypesD. Trace Fossils – preserved evidence of animal activity

Tracks & Trails – Tracks left by animals.

Burrows – Shelters animals dug

Coprolites – Preserved feces (poop).

Tracks Dino Eggs Burrow Coprolites

www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/fossil/9to12/Page2b.html

Nests – with or w/o eggs

You and a partner are to make examples of each of these 5 types of fossils:

1. Mold2. Cast3. Trace4. Imprint5. Entire organism

Use the materials in the basket on the desk.

YOU HAVE TWENTY MINUTES. I WILL CHECK EACH TABLE.

BELLRINGERS1. Describe why a species would change over time.

2. Describe how fossils are formed.

4. Name and describe how each of the rock types are formed.

6. Describe how the law of superposition is used to date rocks and fossils.

3. Name the 4 main types of fossils.

5. Define – geologic column, relative dating, absolute dating, fossil record, index fossil

Four Things Fossils Tell Us1. Many different

life forms have become extinct.

2. Earth’s climate has changed.

3. Earth’s landscape has changed.

4. Appearance & activities of organism that are now extinct.

How Do Scientists Date Fossils?

Absolutes dating: Gives an age in actual numbers of years(3 million years

ago)Scientists use carbon dating.

Relative Dating: Does not age an exact date. It

compares one fossil or layer to another.Scientists use Law of Superposition

Absolute dating Relative Dating

How Do Scientists Get the Relative date of the Fossils?

Law states- Younger rocks are found on top of the older rock. This way they can see which fossil lived first.

They use the Law of Superposition!!!!!!

Fossil Record – a listing of all known living organisms from past to present.

Index Fossil: tell relative age of fossils becausethey only existed for a brief time.

Stories in Rocks(Environmental Change)

The kinds of fossils found in a layer is evidence what the environment was in the past.Look at the pictures below and describe how the climate and environment changed over time.

Read the Redscience plus page S130 –133Evidence of Change!!!!!

If there was a layer of fossils above layer A thatcontained fossils of small mammals and plants, explain how that environment has changed.

Sometimes when scientists try to interpret rock layers, the layers have been disturbed by Earth processes. Scientists have to know about these problems.

What causes these disruptions in the rock layers?(These processes will change the rock layers and affect the Law of Superposition)Natural Processes that change the Earth’s surface.

1.Weathering – the breaking down of rocks into sediments

2. Erosion – carrying away of sediments

3. Deposition – Laying down of sediments

What can Disturb the Rock Layers?

1. Folds – Rocks layers bend and buckle fromthe internal forces of the Earth.

2. Faults – Break in the Earth’s crust

Types of Unconformities

3. Intrusions – magma squeezes between rockand cools underground

4. Extrusion – magma is forced to the surface and hardens

5. Erosions – Rock layer is exposed and eroded away. This causes the rock layer to disappear from the geologic column. These boundaries are usually wavy.