Bellringer
• Please place your corrections in the red bin!
• SOL Challenge
• BJOTD: What do giraffes have that no one else has?
The Renaissance
Background
The Crusades stimulated trade by introducing Europeans to many desirable products, and trade promoted frequent contacts with the Byzantine and Muslim Empires.
SIGNIFICANCE: Wealth accumulated from European trade with the Middle East led to the rise of Italian city-states. Wealthy merchants were active civic leaders.
Italy during the Renaissance
Advantages of Location for Northern Italian Cities during the Renaissance
• Florence, Venice, and Genoa1. Had access to trade routes connecting
Europe with Middle Eastern markets2. Served as trading centers for the distribution
of goods to Northern Europe3. Were initially independent city-states
governed as republics
Machiavelli’s Ideas about Power
Background: Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule
• Machiavelli published his ideas in a book called The Prince1. An early modern treatise on government2. Supported absolute rule of the ruler3. Maintains that the ends justify the means4. Advises that one should do good if possible, but
do evil when necessary
Key Concept
• The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. People wealthy from newly expanded trade, called patrons, sponsored works that glorified states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.
Medieval Art vs Renaissance Art
Renaissance Art
1. Human emotions and Feelings
2. Life-like gestures and action
3. Religious and secular (non-religious) themes
4. Greek and Roman Architecture
Art and Literature
• Medieval art and literature-focused on the church and salvation
• Renaissance art and literature-focused on individuals and worldly (secular) matters, along with Christianity
Italian Renaissance Artists and Writers
• Leonardo da Vinci-Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
• Michelangelo-ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and David
• Petrarch-sonnets, humanist scholarship
Leonardo da Vinci
Da Vinci’s Tank
Raphael
Michelangelo
Donatello
Humanism
• Background: classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans fostered humanism in the Italian Renaissance
1. Celebrated the individual2. Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman
literature and culture3. Was supported by wealthy patrons
The Northern Renaissance
• Background-with the rise of trade, travel, and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe
Art and Literature changed as different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas:
1. Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.
2. Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.
3. The moveable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped spread ideas.
Important Artists and Writers of the Northern Renaissance
• Erasmus-The Praise of Folly (1511)• Sir Thomas More-Utopia (1516)• SIGNIFICANCE-that Northern Renaissance
artists portrayed religious and secular subjects
Test Next Class
• Multiple Choice ONLY– The Hemispheres• East
– Trade routes, Japan, African empires
• West– Maya, Inca, Aztec
– The Renaissance
• http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/doing-davinci-tank-test.html