Bellwood-Antis S.D. Curriculum Course: Earth and Space Science Grade Level(s): 9 Department: Science Bellwood-Antis S.D. Curriculum Topic: Structure of the Universe Unit: Two Big Ideas: Astronomy is based more on observation than direct experimentation. Scientific observation supports our understandings of how the universe is structured. Scientific observation is used to understand how the universe is changing. Earth has a place in the universe. Over time technology improves our ability to observe and understand the universe. The Earth is part of a solar system. Essential Questions: How is astronomy different than other sciences? What helps make for good observation? Why is “recording” part of the observation process? Why do the visible stars change throughout the night/year? Why does the Moon goes through 8 different phases? What improvement shrank the length of a telescope? What evidence supports the “Copernicus Model” of the solar system over “Ptolemy Model”? Why did Uranus, Neptune and Pluto go undiscovered for most of human civilization? What does the structure of the universe look like?
Transcript
Bellwood-Antis S.D. Curriculum
Course: Earth and Space Science Grade Level(s): 9 Department: Science
Bellwood-Antis S.D. Curriculum
Topic: Introduction to Earth Science and the nature of Science
Unit: One
Big Ideas: Geology, astronomy, meteorology and oceanography are all part of Earth Science. The scientific method supports every scientific theory. The experimental method is used to derive data that supports scientific theory.
Essential Questions: What does Astronomy, Geology, Oceanography and Meteorology all have in common? What does science use, to help distinguish reality from perception? In science, what method should be used to obtain consistent observations? What should your hypothesis answer? Identify the four characteristics of a good experiment? What method do scientists use to obtain reliable data? What validates an experiment? ( it shows that the experimental variable really had an effect)
Topic: Structure of the Universe
Unit: Two
Big Ideas: Astronomy is based more on observation than direct experimentation. Scientific observation supports our understandings of how the universe is structured. Scientific observation is used to understand how the universe is changing. Earth has a place in the universe. Over time technology improves our ability to observe and understand the universe. The Earth is part of a solar system.
Essential Questions: How is astronomy different than other sciences? What helps make for good observation? Why is “recording” part of the observation process? Why do the visible stars change throughout the night/year? Why does the Moon goes through 8 different phases? What improvement shrank the length of a telescope? What evidence supports the “Copernicus Model” of the solar system over “Ptolemy Model”? Why did Uranus, Neptune and Pluto go undiscovered for most of human civilization? What does the structure of the universe look like?
Bellwood-Antis S.D. Curriculum
Course: Earth and Space Science Grade Level(s): 9 Department: Science
Topic: Star Cycle, Earth/Sun/Moon system
Unit: Three
Big Ideas: Astronomy is based more on observation than direct experimentation. Scientific observation supports our understandings of how the universe is structured. Scientific observation is used to understand how the universe is changing. Earth has a place in the universe. Heavy elements are made from the star cycle. Stars have life cycles.
Essential Questions: How is astronomy different than other sciences? What helps make for good observation? Why is “recording” part of the observation process? Why do the visible stars change throughout the night/year? Why does the Moon go through 8 different phases? What evidence supports the “Copernicus Model” of the solar system over “Ptolemy Model”? What does the structure of the universe look like? What are the five things light tells us about the universe? Where are heavy elements formed in the universe? What is the significance of the H-R diagram? How are stars born? How does the death of a star change the universe?
Bellwood-Antis S.D. Curriculum
Course: Earth and Space Science Grade Level(s): 9 Department: Science
Topic: Meteorology
Unit: Four
Big Ideas: Air masses have properties that affect our weather. Weather can be predicted. Weather is affected by season; land mass, ocean temperature and manmade activities. The Earth is composed of a number of dynamic interacting systems which exchange matter and/or energy. Earth’s surface features and atmosphere are a dynamic system operating over different time periods.
Essential Questions: How do abiotic conditions affect weather and how does weather affect abiotic conditions? How does the ozone layer in the stratosphere protect us? Where does an air mass get its temperature/moisture from? What mostly affects air temperature where air masses form? What does it mean when air the relative humidity reaches 100%? Explain why dew forms when the temperature of warm air drops? How do clouds form? Why does it rain from some clouds and not others? What do you measure when measuring air pressure? Why does it often rain when air pressure drops? How is wind produced? If a high or low pressure system is approaching Bellwood from the west, what would the temperature, wind direction and possibility of precipitation be? How do different fronts form? How can you tell if a warm or cold front is approaching? How does weather change the surface of the Earth?
Bellwood-Antis S.D. Curriculum
Course: Earth and Space Science Grade Level(s): 9 Department: Science
Topic: Geology
Unit: Five
Big Ideas: The Earth’s surface is affected by the interaction of plate tectonic movement. Rock type is a result of a cycle. Earthquakes help us detect Earth’s internal structure. The materials found in the Earth often depend upon mineral density and melting points. The Earth is composed of a number of dynamic interacting systems which exchange matter and/or energy. The Earth’s interior has structure. Earth’s surface features and atmosphere are a dynamic system operating over different time periods.
Essential Questions: What evidence supports plate tectonics? What mechanism cause tectonic plates to move? Why don’t the continents sink into the Earth? How does the surface of the earth change because of tectonic plate movement? How do we know where the tectonic plates are on the Earth? How do earthquakes and volcanoes form? How can scientists predict where an Earthquake occurs? What determines how much damage is done during an earthquake? What structures are found inside the Earth and why does it form that way? How do we know what’s inside the Earth? What causes tsunamis? How can earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis be predicted?
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core
Essential Questions PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities
Resources
August-September Days 3-5 August-September Days 6-26
Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing the validity of reasoning and relevance of evidence. R09.B-C.3.1.1 Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. R09.B-V.4.1.1 R09.B-V.4.1.1
I. Earth Science Defined A. Geology B. Astronomy (difference from astrology) C. Meteorology D. Oceanography II. The Nature of Science Scientific Method
A. Function B. Steps C. Experimental Method
(Step 4) 1. Elements of an experiment a. Experimental Group b. Control Variable c. Experimental Variable d. Control Group D. Designing an Experimental Procedure
Match a topic with a science. Notes Warm-ups, review What is it Activity, Fact or Fiction activity Perception Test Activity 2 Is your Penny made of Copper Part 1& Scientific Method Activities 1,2 and 3 Forming a Problem, hypothesis, and conclusion . Handouts Paper Towel lab Listing control variables. Designing an experimental procedure
Power Point Textbook Labs Internet Personal books Excel, Geiger counter, unknown objects, black light, Magnifying glass, Loup, rulers, limestone # Pennies, 600 copper and zinc pennies information packets “library” Scientific Method Learning packets1& 2,
Course: Earth and Space Science Grade Level(s): 9th
Month PA Common Core
PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
September-October Days 29-34 October-November Days 33-41 November Days 42-48
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade level reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies and tools. R09.B-V.4.1.1 Read and comprehend literary non-fiction and informational text on grade level, reading independently and proficiently. R09.A-V.4.1.1 Write with a sharp distinct focus identifying topic, task, and audience. W09C.1.2.1 W09E.1.1.1
III. Astronomy A. Based on mostly observation B. Tools (Telescope) a. Refracting b. Reflecting c. History (through use.) C. Theories of the solar system (Geo vs. Helio Centered)
D. Why stars change throughout the night and year. (Revolution vs rotation)
E. Celestial Sphere 1. Declination 2. Right Ascension a .Horizon b. Nadir c. Zenith F. Constellations 1. Zodiac Constellations 2. Common Constellations 3. Finding the North Star (Polaris) 4. Uses
Lab-Build a telescope. Observations through “dayscopes” Observations of the night sky Build a star map Finding celestial points. Identifying common constellations to be used as reference points. Guided Lecture Warm-ups Pair Share Writing Ticket out the door Review
Build a telescope lab kit. (12) Dayscopes. Spoins. Notebooks White boards Star map (2 pages) Split tack fastener Construction paper. Glue Celestial Sphere, Sextant, Excel, Powerpoint, map with no references, star map, flex cam, “constellations in a can”, posters, study guides,
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors
Content Assessment Instructional Activities
Resources
November-December Days 50-62 December Days 63-64
Develop and analyze the topic with relevant, well-chosen, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic; include graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. W09.C.1.2.2 W09.E.1.1.2
Lab- look for observational evidence (telescope) to support or not support progressive ideas about our universe. telescopes Lab- Construct a modern view of our solar system based on evidence. Lab-Use progressively improved telescopes as historical instruments for observation. Warm-ups Pair share Review
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
December-January Days 63-68 Days 69-78
Organize ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text; include formatting when useful to aiding comprehension; provide a concluding statement or section. W09.C.1.2.3 W09.C.1.2.6 W09.E.1.1.3 W09.E.1.1.6 Demonstrate a grade appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and spelling. W09.D.1.1.1 W09.D.1.1.2 W09.D.1.1.3 W09.D.1.1.4 W09.D.1.1.5 W09.D.1.1.6 W09.D.1.1.7 W09.D.1.1.8 W09.D.1.1.9 W09.D.1.1.10 W09.D.1.2.1 W09.D.1.2.2 W09.D.1.2.3 W09.D.1.2.4 W09.D.1.2.5
I. Universal Structure 1. Solar systems 2. Galaxies 3. Clusters 4. Super Clusters J. What Light tells us about the Universe 1. Doppler Effect a. Blue shift b. Red shift 2. Hubble’s Law (Present motion) 3. Future (motion) a. Open Universe Theory b. Closed Universe Theory
Lab- look for observational evidence (telescope) to support or not support progressive ideas about our universe. telescopes Lab- Construct a modern view of the Universe based on evidence. Activity- Write out the school’s universal address 1-2-3’s Spectral Analysis Lab-Analyzing spectral lines and taking emission line photographs Expansion demonstration Warm-ups Review
2” Dayscopes. 4” Dayscopes 5” Dayscope 4” reflecting Dayscope Spoins. Observation books. Whiteboard Powerpoint Excel Spectrascopes Flex cam 20 different spectral bulbs Dayscope spectrums,film and camera’s Video Segments Weather- Balloons Vacuum cleaner, posters, study guides,
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
February 79-85 Days 86-89 Days 92-94
Write with a sharp distinct focus identifying topic, task, and audience. • Introduce the precise claim W09.C.1.1.2 W09.E.1.1.2 Distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims; develop claim(s) fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns. W09.C.1.1.2 W09.E.1.1.2 Create organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence; Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims; provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. W09.C.1.1.1 W09.C.1.1.3 W09.C.1.1.5 W09.E.1.1.3 W09.E.1.1.6
K. Life Cycle of a star (H-R diagram) 1. Birth- Stellar Nebula 2. Fusion-An atom factory 3. Shape- Gravity vs. Internal Pressure 4. Main Sequence 5. Death 1. Nova’s 2. Dwarfs 3. Super Nova’s 4. Neutron Stars 5. Black Holes L. Star Light A. Temperature (color) B. Composition (specta-analysis) 1. Size (apparent mag.vs..absolute mag) 2. Distance (parallax) 3. Age (light speed) M. Eclipses 1. Solar a.. Partial b. Total C. Annular 2. Lunar a. Partial b. Total
Lab- Creating an H-R Diagram. Modeling Pair share, warm-ups, Balloon demonstration Guided Lecture Warm-ups Lab- making an eclipse. Guided Lecture Warm-ups Pair Share Writing Ticket out the door Review
Graphs, Glue, Colored markers, Scissors, envelopes, tape, inventory list of stars, Powerpoint, Balloon, , posters, study guides, LED Flashlight Spotlight Earth Drawing Powerpoint Stellar lab packet Pins, tape, scissors, 24 styrofoam balls 2 spotlights Lab packet Video-Eclipse of the century
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
March Days 96-99 100-106
Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of composition. • Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. • Use sentences of varying lengths and complexities • Create tone and voice. though precise language. • Establish and maintain a formal style. W09.C.1.1.4 W09.D.2.1.2 W09.D.2.1.3 W09.D.2.1.4 W09.D.2.1.5 W09.D.2.1.6 W09.E.1.1.5 Demonstrate a grade appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and spelling. W09.D.1.1.1 W09.D.1.1.2 W09.D.1.1.3 W09.D.1.1.4 W09.D.1.1.5 W09.D.1.1.6 W09.D.1.1.7 W09.D.1.1.8 W09.D.1.1.9 W09.D.1.1.10 W09.D.1.1.11 W09.D.1.2.1 W09.D.1.2.2 W09.D.1.2.3 W09.D.1.2.4 W09.D.1.2.5 Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple points of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters. W09.C.1.3.1
IV. Meteorology A. The Structure of the Atmosphere
1. Divided by Temperature 2. Divided by Composition B. Properties of Air Masses 1. Definition 2. Formation 3. Temperature 4. Wind chill 5. Pressure 6. Humidity C. Dew point D. Relative Humidity
High altitude rocket data lab Modeling Pair share, warm-ups, Balloon demonstration. Guided Lecture, Warm-ups, determining the type of air mass formation activity. Constructing a thermometer lab. Calculating wind chill activity Determining dew point lab. Guided Lecture Warm-ups Pair Share Writing Ticket out the door Calculate relative humidity. Review
High altitude rocket data lab packet, calculators. Powerpoint, white globe, thermometers, 65 W spotlight, 20oz bottles, fish pump tubing, rubbing alcohol, water, youtube. Video clips, wind chill table and handout, , posters, study guides, Sling Psychrometer, R.H. Tables/graph, overhead projector,
March-April Days 107- 109 110-111 112-120 April
Use narrative techniques such as dialogue, description, reflection, multiple plot lines, and pacing, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters; use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, settings, and/or characters. W09.C.1.3.2 W09.C.1.3.4 Create a smooth progression of experiences or events using a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole; provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative. W09.C.1.3.1 W09.C.1.3.3 W09.C.1.3.5 Demonstrate a grade appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and spelling. W09.D.1.1.1 W09.D.1.1.2 W09.D.1.1.3 W09.D.1.1.4 W09.D.1.1.5 W09.D.1.1.6 W09.D.1.1.7 W09.D.1.1.8 W09.D.1.1.9 W09.D.1.1.10 W09.D.1.2.1 W09.D.1.2.2 W09.D.1.2.3 W09.D.1.2.4
Lab-Constructing a hair hygrometer. Observation lab Building a barometer lab Guided Lecture Warm-ups Pair Share Writing Ticket out the door, review
2”x9” pine wood, human hair, paper triangle (based on a pattern), brads, glue, 100 dimes, laminating paper, Instructions, glue gun, hammers, powerpoint, tape. Dry Ice, Film canister, 5 gallon water jug, soap, vacuum hose, drain plug, matches, rulers, gloves, candle, beakers, posters, study guides, Torcelli Barometer, anometer, thermoter, observation notebooks, Plastic bottles, survey flags, fish tank tubing, gum, clay, rulers, sharpies
W09.D.1.2.5
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
April Days 121A-124A
Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research, applying grade level reading standards for literature and literary non-fiction. W11.E.1.1 *Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. *Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
Guided Lecture Warm-ups Pair Share Writing Ticket out the door, review
Youtube, videos, textbook, , posters, study guides,
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
April-May Days 122-124 Days 125-128 Days 129-133
Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions on grades level topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g. visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source. Evaluate a speaker’s perspective, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence. Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning; ensure that the presentation is appropriate to purpose, audience, and task. Make strategic use of digital media in presentations to add interest and enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English when speaking based on grade 9-10 level and content.
V. Geology A. Plate Tectonics 1. Wegner 2. Evidence of P.T. a. continents look like they could fit. b. Rocks layers match up c. Fossil index matches d. Genetic links between animals living on both continents Modern evidence e. The existence of the mid-ocean ridge. f. Magnetic reversal g. newer rock is found near the mid-ocean ridge. h. lasers bounced off the moon can accurately measure continental drift. 3. Plate Types (why don’t the continents just sink?) 4. Compare to continental drift 5. Causes 4. Boundaries a..Divergent Boundary b..Convergent Boundary aa. Ocean-Continent bb. Ocean-Ocean cc. Continent-Continent c. Transform Fault Boundary
Summative: Quizzes Test Final Participation Formative: (Peer Assessment) Activities Labs Handouts Notebook Observation -notebook Modeling Homework
Guided Lecture Warm-ups Pair Share Writing Ticket out the door Observation activity. Review Density lab parts 1-5 Plate tectonics demolition derby.
Powerpoint Handout- Wegner’s Adventure, bathymetric map, Fish Tank Foam floating Continents White paper, blue and red markers, laser pointer, lava lamp, youtube, density cubes, granite, basalt, gold pans, gold ore (lead), graduated cylinder, collect bottles, blue water, oil, 4 triple beam balances, 2 water bottles, 104 quart tubs, sand, soil, lead nuggets. 35 matchbox cars, masking tape, bathymetric map, M.Trench Video, , posters, study guides,
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
May Days 137-139 Days 140-141 Days 142-143 Days 144-146
Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions on grades level topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g. visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source. Evaluate a speaker’s perspective, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence. Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning; ensure that the presentation is appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.
B. Earthquakes 1. Seismic Waves 2. Locating Earthquakes 3. Measuring Earthquakes 4. Earth’s Interior 5. Tsunamis C. Volcanoes 1. Lava 2. Types of Volcanoes D. The Changing Earth 1. Erosion 2. Mountain Building 3. Types of Landscapes E. Rocks 1. Definition 2. Identification a. Igneous b. Sedimentary c. Metamorphic 3. Rock Cycle
Guided Lecture Warm-ups Pair Share Writing Ticket out the door S-wave/P-wave demonstration, Determining the distance to an earthquake lab, locating an earthquake lab, cinder cone demonstration, erosion lab, landscape identification lab, rock cycle game, review
Powerpoint Springs, rulers, graphs, seimic graph data, Earthquake scales, posters, maps, labs packets, models, Ammonium Dichromate, erosion tray, Rock kits, rock guide, rock cycle guide, hydrochloric acid, eye dropper, video, project lava kit, , posters, study guides,
Course: Earth Science Grade Level(s): 9
Month PA Common Core PA Standards/Anchors Content Assessment Instructional Activities Resources
May-June 147-151 Days 151-155
Make strategic use of digital media in presentations to add interest and enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English when speaking based on grade 9-10 level and content.
F. Minerals 1. Definition 2. Occurrence a. Bowman’s Law b. Common Minerals c. Rare Minerals G. Identification 1. Luster- metallic or nonmetallic 2. Color 3. Hardness- Moh’s scale 4. Crystal Shape 5. Taste/Smell 6. Cleavage/Break 7. Specific Density H. Land Formations 1. Mountain Types 2. Valleys 3. Plateaus
