Bellwork

What are the five characteristics of a

mineral?

BELLWORK

•DISCUSS A SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION YOU HAVE MADE RECENTLY.

Earth Science Chapter 3 Minerals

• 5 characteristics of minerals• Flip book

Bellwork

•What is the difference between rocks and minerals?

Identifying minerals• There are over3800 minerals!• Each mineral has physical

characteristics that can be used to identify it• Some properties are easy to see

just by looking• Others are only observed through

tests

Color

•Most minerals are not easily identified by color• Some are, however •Malachite=green•Azurite=blue

Malachite

Azurite

Streak

•The color of a mineral’s powder•Pyrite (fool’s gold) produces a green/black streak

Streak

Luster

•How light is reflected from a mineral’s surface

Density

• Density=Mass/Volume•Mass is found using a balance• Volume is found by

determining the amount of water displaced

Mass

Volume

With a Partner

• Work with a partner and answer the Math questions on page 71.

Bellwork 9-30

•Discuss a scientific observation you made this weekend

Hardness

•How hard a mineral is based on Mohs hardness scale

Mohs Hardness Scale

Crystal Systems

• Crystals of each mineral grow atom by atom to form that mineral’s crystal structure

• There are 6 crystal systems:– Cubic– Hexagonal – Tetragonal– Orthorhombic– Monoclinic– Triclinic

Crystal growth

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vb84ShuiJw

Cleavage and Fracture

• Cleavage is the way a mineral splits easily along a flat surface

• Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way– Shell– Hackly– Earthy– Uneven

Cleavage

Fracture

Special Properties

•Magnetism•Fluorescence•Bends light•Reactivity

• Rubric:• Each student needs to create at least two crystals, any size,

made of any material that is safe, and able to grow crystals• Groups need to put their crystals together to form a

“garden”– You can use a shoe box or some other container

• Students need to keep a chart of their crystal’s growth as well. A detailed log and/or graph will need to accompany the garden and presentation

Bellwork

•What are the physical properties of minerals?

Experiment

• Find a lab partner to work with (groups of up to 3)• Or you may work individually

First Experiment

• Crystals:• Cut a piece of black paper that will fit

just right into your lid• I will mix the water and salt and we

will share the mixture• Pour just enough into your lid to just

cover the paper

Second experiment

• Fracture• Wait for instructions

Third experiment

• Reactivity• Pour a little vinegar into your

glass• Carefully place your shell in the

glass and wait for the reaction

Tomorrow we need

• Baby jars• Cotton string• washers

On your own

• There are two ways that crystals can form• Read about these in section 2 • Write the process/definition and make a flow

chart describing the process

Bellwork

•How do you think minerals are formed?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgUFb_l4DLE

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN1eRMsAluE

Magma and Lava

• What is a Geode?• Describe crystallization.• What is Magma?• What is Lava?• Why do crystals form when magma cools

rapidly?• How do minerals form from magma and lava?• Draw a picture to illustrate this

Solutions

• What is a solution?• How are minerals formed form solutions?• Draw a picture to illustrate this.• How do minerals form by evaporation?• Draw a picture to illustrate this.• How do minerals form from hot water

solutions?• Draw a picture to illustrate this.