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BELLWORK• Today’s
bellwork will focus on reviewing the WWII totalitarian governments (hopefully you did not forget over break )
• Copy the graphic organizer and fill in the information
Fascism Nazism Communism
WWII Country and leader
Three specific beliefs
THINKER: Why do you think citizens supported this type of government?
Saving Private Ryan Permission Slip
• On Thursday, we will be talking about the D-day invasion.
• In class, we will be watching the first 20 minutes of Saving Private Ryan which recreates the invasion of Normandy.
• Although this is a “Hollywood” video, the events are fairly historically accurate.
• This movie is rated R for graphic violence and language so if you want to watch it – you need your parent/guardian to sign the permission slip!
Hitler takes over Europe
Beginning of WWII
Hitler’s Background
The Alter Hof in Munich: Adolf Hitler (1914)
Hitler in WWI; 1915
Rise of Hitler• By 1923, Hitler was the leader of the Nazi
Party.
• When the Depression struck Germany in 1929, the government could not help the 6 million unemployed workers.
• Hitler took advantage of the discontent to appeal to the German people.
• He promised to rebuild Germany’s economy if they brought him to power.
• Mein Kampf: Hitler’s autobiography which showed his political beliefs (“my struggle”)
Beer Hall Putsch; 1923
Nazi Party Election Results
Date Votes % Seats in Reichstag
Background
May 1924 1,918,300 6.5 32 Hitler in prison
Dec 1924 907,300 3.0 14 Hitler is released from prison
May 1928 810,100 2.6 12
Sept 1930 6,409,600 18.3 107 After the financial crisis
July 1932 13,745,800 37.4 230 After Hitler was candidate for presidency
November 1932
11,737,000 33.1 196
March 1933
17,277,000 43.9 288 During Hitler's term as Chancellor of Germany
Why did people support Hitler?• Promised to get Germany out of the Depression
and restore hope.
• Used the Jews as scapegoats, blaming all problems on them.
• Tear up the Treaty of Versailles to make Germany great again!
• Farmers – higher prices for their produce
• Unemployed – Jobs building public projects
• Middle Class – restore profits of small businesses and savings
Hitler in Power• January 1933: Named Chancellor of Germany• February 1933: persuaded German president
(Paul von Hindenburg) to suspend civil rights• March 1933: using threats, he gained the power
to make laws without government consent• June 1934: demanded military swear allegiance
to him• August 1934: Hindenburg dies, Hitler abolishes
title of President & declares himself the Führer , or supreme leader
• Hitler is now the totalitarian dictator of Germany
Hindenburg’s Funeral
Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year” - 1939
Hitler’s Aggression
• After rebuilding Germany’s army, Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland.
• In 1936, Hitler formed an alliance with Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini.
• This alliance created the Axis Powers.
Hitler’s Aggression• In March 1938, Hitler proclaimed that Austria
was part of Germany
• Sent troops into Austria to make it official
• In September 1938, Hitler occupied the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
• The Sudetenland had a large German population and Hitler justified his actions by saying:
• “I was satisfying the wish of all Germans living there to become part of Germany”
Appeasement• Eagar to avoid another war, the leaders
of Great Britain and France adopted a policy of appeasement.
• Appeasement: giving in to the demands of a nation in the hope of maintaining peace.
• Munich Conference: Britain and France agree to allow Hitler’s control of the Sudetenland if he promised to stay out of the rest of Czechoslovakia.
Hitler’s Aggression• 5 ½ months after the Munich Conference,
Hitler broke his promise and invaded Czechoslovakia.
• In August 1939, Hitler signed the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact: neither country would attack the other
• By securing his eastern border against Soviet attack, Hitler could focus on the rest of Europe.
Start of WWII• On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded
Poland.
• Used blitzkrieg: “lightning war” – attack combining air and land forces.
• Great Britain and France promised to defend Poland so they declared war on Germany.
• Allies: Great Britain and France
Hitler Crushes Europe• In April 1940, Hitler used his powerful fighting
tactics to capture Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
• France was surrounded, but protected themselves using the Maginot Line.
• Maginot Line: armed steel concrete bunkers built after WWI, stretching across the German border.
• In May 1940, Hitler sent troops around the line.
• France surrendered and sent their citizens to Britain.
German expansion by 1942
Battle of Britain• After Germany’s victories in Eastern Europe &
France, there was only one major power left in western Europe to fight.
• Great Britain.• Germany made plans to invade Great Britain.• However, Great Britain’s Royal Air Force
engaged German forces in defense of the nation.
• Battle of Britain- largest air assault in history.• German air force bombed British cities &
industrial centers.• Yet, could not force a surrender. Great Britain
held their ground until help came from U.S.
• Now we understand what was going on throughout Europe, but what about Japan?
• During WWI, Japan joined the Allies.
• They helped found the League of Nations and signed agreements to maintain international peace.
Rise of Japanese Nationalism• Japan’s economy declined during the Great
Depression, leading to political discontent.
• Nationalistic groups began to form in response to the government’s weaknesses.
• Radicals assassinated businessmen and politicians.
• Their goal: return to traditional ways and force the military to take over the government.
Japan builds an Empire
• Now that you know how Hitler took over Europe, you are going to focus on Japan’s aggression in Asia.
• To answer the following questions, read pgs. 496-497
• Write the answers in the space provided.
• These are notes!!!
Why did Japan want to expand?
• Depended on other countries for raw materials
• Wanted to make Japan secure and self-sufficient
• Pushed to expand Japan’s borders
Explain the Japanese takeover of Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria
• 1895: beat China and won Taiwan
• 1904: beat Russia and won Korea
• Wanted Manchuria for its resources and possible living space.
• Took over Manchuria (northern China) in 1932.
How did the U.S. respond to Japanese aggression?
• Japan withdrew from the League of Nations
• FDR authorized loans to China for their protection
• American business economy relied on China’s markets
• Many feared Japan would take over China’s economy and shut the “open door”
What was the “China Incident?”
• 1937, Japanese forces in Manchuria moved south to capture Shanghai and Nanjing.
• War: Japan vs. China
CLOSURE
• Why was Hitler so appealing to the German citizens?
• What is appeasement?
• What event caused the outbreak of WWII?
• How did Germany take over France?
• Describe how Japan was building their empire at the time.
• What were the alliances of WWII?
