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AMA INTERNATIONAL AMA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- BAHRAINUNIVERSITY- BAHRAIN
September 2010September 2010
BENCHMARKING BENCHMARKING Dr. Emelin Molo MagadaDr. Emelin Molo Magada
Academic Affairs OfficeAcademic Affairs Office
What is Benchmark ? What is Benchmark ?
What is Benchmarking ?What is Benchmarking ?
“ “ As defined in the QAAET-HERU As defined in the QAAET-HERU Program Handbook “Program Handbook “
Benchmark / Reference pointsBenchmark / Reference points : :
Benchmark statements represent Benchmark statements represent general expectations about the general expectations about the standards of achievement and standards of achievement and
general attributes to be expected general attributes to be expected of a graduate in a given academic of a graduate in a given academic
field or subject. field or subject.
Reference standards may be Reference standards may be external or internal.external or internal.
External reference points External reference points allow comparison of the allow comparison of the academic standards and academic standards and
quality of a programme with quality of a programme with equivalent programmes in equivalent programmes in
the Kingdom and the Kingdom and internationally.internationally.
Internal reference points Internal reference points may be used to compare may be used to compare one academic field with one academic field with another, or to identify another, or to identify
trends over a given time trends over a given time periodperiod..
“ “ From the paper presentation From the paper presentation during the 4th International during the 4th International Benchmarking Conference, Benchmarking Conference,
Bahrain, 27-28 October, 2009, Bahrain, 27-28 October, 2009, of DR. Robin Mann , Director, of DR. Robin Mann , Director,
Centre for Organizational Centre for Organizational Excellence Research (COER ) Excellence Research (COER )
and Chairman , Global and Chairman , Global Benchmarking Network Benchmarking Network ( GBN ) , New Zealand “( GBN ) , New Zealand “
BENCHMARKING : BENCHMARKING :
Benchmarking is much Benchmarking is much more than performance more than performance comparisonscomparisons..
- - Benchmarking focuses on Benchmarking focuses on “learning from the experience “learning from the experience
of others” and is defined as of others” and is defined as “identifying, adapting, and “identifying, adapting, and implementing the practices implementing the practices
that produce the best that produce the best performance results”performance results”
- - Benchmarking is a Benchmarking is a powerful method for powerful method for
breakthrough thinking, breakthrough thinking, innovation, improvement innovation, improvement
and for delivering and for delivering exceptional bottom-line exceptional bottom-line
resultsresults
- - New benchmarking New benchmarking methodologies aim to methodologies aim to
ensure that benchmarking ensure that benchmarking projects result in major projects result in major
benefits (financial and non-benefits (financial and non-financial).financial).
- - New website tools make New website tools make benchmarking easier.benchmarking easier.
“ “ Organisations including Universities / Organisations including Universities / Higher Education Institutions are constantly Higher Education Institutions are constantly looking for new ways and methodologies to looking for new ways and methodologies to
improve their performance and gain a improve their performance and gain a competitive advantage. As they seek competitive advantage. As they seek improvements to their own business improvements to their own business
processes, many organisations recognise the processes, many organisations recognise the importance of learning from best practices / importance of learning from best practices / good practices that have been achieved by good practices that have been achieved by other organisations. By removing the need other organisations. By removing the need to ‘reinvent the wheel’ and providing the to ‘reinvent the wheel’ and providing the
potential to adopt proven practices, potential to adopt proven practices, benchmarking has become an important benchmarking has become an important methodology for providing a fast-track to methodology for providing a fast-track to achieving organisational excellence. ”achieving organisational excellence. ”
Types of Types of benchmarkingbenchmarking
It is useful to distinguish It is useful to distinguish between the main types of between the main types of
benchmarking.benchmarking.
Firstly, there is Firstly, there is
““Informal Informal Benchmarking”Benchmarking”. .
““Informal Benchmarking”Informal Benchmarking”.. This is a This is a type of benchmarking that most of us type of benchmarking that most of us do unconsciously at work and in our do unconsciously at work and in our
home life. We constantly compare and home life. We constantly compare and learn from the behavior and practices learn from the behavior and practices of others – whether it is how to use a of others – whether it is how to use a
software program, how to cook a software program, how to cook a better meal, or play our favourite better meal, or play our favourite sport. In the context of work, most sport. In the context of work, most
learning from informal benchmarking learning from informal benchmarking comes from the following:comes from the following:
• • Talking to work Talking to work colleagues and learning colleagues and learning from their experience from their experience
(coffee breaks and team (coffee breaks and team meetings are a great meetings are a great place to network and place to network and
learn from others)learn from others)
• • CConsulting with experts onsulting with experts (for example, business (for example, business consultants who have consultants who have
experience of implementing experience of implementing a particular process or a particular process or
activity in many business activity in many business environments)environments)
• • Networking with other Networking with other people from other people from other organisations at organisations at
conferences, seminars, conferences, seminars, and Internet forums.and Internet forums.
• • On-line databases/web On-line databases/web sites and publications sites and publications
that share benchmarking that share benchmarking information provide quick information provide quick and easy ways to learn of and easy ways to learn of
best practices and best practices and benchmarks.benchmarks.
Secondly, there is Secondly, there is “Formal “Formal
Benchmarking“ Benchmarking“ of which of which there are two types – 1there are two types – 1. .
Performance Performance BenchmarkingBenchmarking and 2.and 2. Best Best
Practice BenchmarkingPractice Benchmarking..
Performance Performance benchmarking describes benchmarking describes
the comparison of the comparison of performance data performance data
obtained from studying obtained from studying similar processes or similar processes or
activities.activities.
Performance Performance benchmarking benchmarking describes the describes the comparison of comparison of
performance data performance data obtained from studying obtained from studying
similar processes or similar processes or activities.activities.
Comparisons of performance Comparisons of performance may be undertakenmay be undertaken between between
companies – or internally companies – or internally within an organisation. It is within an organisation. It is
useful for identifying useful for identifying strengths andstrengths and opportunities opportunities
for improvement.for improvement.
Performance benchmarking may involve Performance benchmarking may involve the comparison of financialthe comparison of financial measures measures
(such as expenditure, cost of labour, cost (such as expenditure, cost of labour, cost of buildings/equipment, cost of energy,of buildings/equipment, cost of energy,
adherence to budget, cash flow, revenue adherence to budget, cash flow, revenue collected) or non-financial measures collected) or non-financial measures
(such as(such as absenteeism, staff turnover, the absenteeism, staff turnover, the percentage of administrative staff to percentage of administrative staff to
front-line staff, budgetfront-line staff, budget processing time, processing time, complaints, environmental impact or call complaints, environmental impact or call
centre performance). centre performance).
Best Practice Best Practice BenchmarkingBenchmarking describes describes
the comparison of the comparison of performance data performance data
obtained from studying obtained from studying similar processes or similar processes or
activities activities and identifying, and identifying, adapting, and adapting, and
implementing theimplementing the practices that produced practices that produced the best performance the best performance
results.results.
Best practice Best practice benchmarking is the benchmarking is the
most powerful type of most powerful type of benchmarking.benchmarking.
It is used for “learning It is used for “learning from the experience of from the experience of others” and achieving others” and achieving
breakthrough breakthrough improvements in improvements in
performance. performance.
Best practice benchmarking Best practice benchmarking focuses on “Action” – i.e. doing focuses on “Action” – i.e. doing something with the comparison something with the comparison
data and learning why other data and learning why other organisations are achieving organisations are achieving
higher levels of performance. higher levels of performance. Best practice benchmarking Best practice benchmarking projects typically take from 2projects typically take from 2to 4 months to identify best to 4 months to identify best
practices. practices.
The practices then need to be The practices then need to be adapted and implemented. The time adapted and implemented. The time
taken for the whole project varies taken for the whole project varies dependent on the project’s scope, dependent on the project’s scope, importance, and resources used. importance, and resources used.
Projects are usually resource Projects are usually resource intensive (in terms of the project intensive (in terms of the project
team’s time) and so care needs to be team’s time) and so care needs to be taken that they focus on issues of taken that they focus on issues of high strategic importance that will high strategic importance that will deliver major bottom-line benefits.deliver major bottom-line benefits.
Methodologies Methodologies for Best Practice for Best Practice BenchmarkingBenchmarking
There is no single benchmarking There is no single benchmarking methodology that has been methodology that has been
universally adopted. The wide universally adopted. The wide appeal and acceptance of appeal and acceptance of
benchmarking has led to various benchmarking has led to various benchmarking methodologies benchmarking methodologies
emerging.emerging.
TRADETRADE is one such is one such methodology. The methodology. The TRADE TRADE
benchmarking methodology benchmarking methodology focuses on the exchange (or” focuses on the exchange (or”
trade”) of information and best trade”) of information and best practices to improve the practices to improve the
performance of processes, performance of processes, goods and services.goods and services.
TRADE consists of five TRADE consists of five stages as follows :stages as follows :
• • TTerms of Reference erms of Reference (plan the project - aims, (plan the project - aims,
objectives, scope, objectives, scope, resources, cost/benefit resources, cost/benefit
analysis)analysis)
• • RResearch esearch (research current (research current
state/ performance)state/ performance)
AAct (undertake data ct (undertake data collection & analysis collection & analysis – to compare against – to compare against
others)others)
• • DDeploy eploy (communicate and (communicate and
implement best implement best practices)practices)
EEvaluate (evaluate the valuate (evaluate the benchmarking process benchmarking process
and outcomes to and outcomes to ensure the project has ensure the project has
met its aims)met its aims)
AMAIUB AMAIUB
BENCHMARKING BENCHMARKING
LEVEL OF FOCUSLEVEL OF FOCUS
( RECOMMENDATION )( RECOMMENDATION )
WHOLE OF WHOLE OF INSTITUTIONINSTITUTION
FOCUS :FOCUS :
STANDARD-BASEDSTANDARD-BASED
Thru Partnership / MoU’s and Thru Partnership / MoU’s and ACCREDITATIONACCREDITATION
COLLEGE LEVELCOLLEGE LEVEL
FOCUS : FOCUS : - DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC- DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC
- DEPARTMENT / - DEPARTMENT / SPECIALIZATION SPECIFICSPECIALIZATION SPECIFIC
- COURSE SPECIFIC- COURSE SPECIFIC
Program DescriptionProgram Description
ILO’sILO’s
Graduate AttributesGraduate Attributes
Etc…Etc…
COURSE DESCRIPTIONCOURSE DESCRIPTION
ILO’sILO’s
Teaching – Learning Teaching – Learning StrategiesStrategies
Assessment ToolsAssessment Tools
etcetc
Note : All College are Note : All College are required to develop required to develop
BENCHMARKING PLAN BENCHMARKING PLAN
in all recommended Levels / in all recommended Levels / FocusFocus
THANK YOU.THANK YOU.