Ben
efits
and
Cha
lleng
es o
f Dat
a Li
nkin
g:
U.S
. exp
erie
nce
linki
ng d
ata
on fo
reig
n-ow
ned
U.S
. co
mpa
nies
to d
omes
tic e
mpl
oym
ent d
ata
Patr
icia
Aba
roa
G-20
Wor
ksho
p on
Dat
a Sh
arin
gFe
brua
ry 1
, 201
7
Agen
da
•Pro
ject
link
ing
data
on
fore
ign-
owne
d U.
S. c
ompa
nies
to
dom
estic
em
ploy
men
t dat
a–
Data
–Pr
oces
s
•Ben
efits
of l
inki
ng
•Cha
lleng
es
•Fut
ure
step
s
3/15
/201
72
Empl
oym
ent o
f for
eign
-ow
ned
U.S.
com
pani
es
3/15
/201
73
Num
ber o
f em
ploy
ees
(tho
usan
ds)
Shar
e of
priv
ate
indu
stry
em
ploy
men
t
Sour
ce: B
EA
Data
on
fore
ign-
owne
d U.
S. c
ompa
nies
•Bur
eau
of E
cono
mic
Ana
lysis
(BEA
) sta
tistic
s on
Activ
ities
of
Mul
tinat
iona
l Ent
erpr
ises (
AMN
E)
•Col
lect
ed b
y BE
A on
man
dato
ry b
ench
mar
k an
d an
nual
surv
eys
•Var
iabl
es c
olle
cted
incl
ude:
–Sa
les
–Va
lue
adde
d co
mpo
nent
s
–Em
ploy
men
t –
Expo
rts/
impo
rts
–Ca
pita
l exp
endi
ture
s
–Re
sear
ch &
dev
elop
men
t
–Fi
nanc
ial s
tate
men
ts–
Taxe
s
•Ent
erpr
ise le
vel
3/15
/201
74
Data
on
U.S.
em
ploy
men
t
•Adm
inist
rativ
e da
ta
•Bur
eau
of L
abor
Sta
tistic
s (BL
S)
•Qua
rter
ly C
ensu
s of E
mpl
oym
ent a
nd W
ages
•U.S
. est
ablis
hmen
ts c
over
ed in
the
unem
ploy
men
t
insu
ranc
e pr
ogra
m
•Dat
a co
llect
ed b
y st
ates
and
com
pile
d by
BLS
3/15
/201
75
Proc
ess o
f lin
king
dat
a
•Em
ploy
er Id
entif
icat
ion
Num
ber (
EIN
) –
Tax
iden
tific
atio
n nu
mbe
r for
bus
ines
ses
–O
ne c
ompa
ny ca
n ha
ve m
any
EIN
s•C
ompu
ter m
atch
of E
INs
•Man
ual w
ork
to li
nk a
dditi
onal
est
ablis
hmen
ts to
the
ente
rpris
es•U
se o
utsid
e so
urce
s to
iden
tify
addi
tiona
l est
ablis
hmen
ts•V
alid
atin
g th
e lin
k–
Ove
r-m
atch
ed (B
LS >
BEA
)–
Und
er-m
atch
ed (B
LS <
BEA
)–
Bad
mat
ches
3/15
/201
76
Mat
ch q
ualit
y so
far
•Wor
k st
ill in
pro
gres
s•W
ithin
20
perc
ent –
“clo
se e
noug
h” m
atch
Sour
ce: B
LS
3/15
/201
77
Affil
iate
sEm
ploy
men
t
Afte
r com
pute
rized
mat
ch o
f EIN
s44
.4%
58.7
%
Afte
r BLS
ana
lyst
revi
ew52
.7%
84.5
%
Afte
r BEA
ana
lyst
revi
ewin
pro
gres
sin
pro
gres
s
"Clo
se e
noug
h" m
atch
esSt
ep in
mat
ch p
roce
ss
Bene
fits o
f lin
king
•Exp
and
data
ava
ilabl
e fo
r stu
dyin
g ef
fect
s of d
irect
in
vest
men
t on
the
U.S.
eco
nom
y–
Mor
e gr
anul
ar d
etai
l on
FDI e
mpl
oym
ent a
nd w
ages
–in
dust
ry, g
eogr
aphy
, occ
upat
ion
–In
form
atio
n re
latin
g en
terp
rises
to e
stab
lishm
ents
–a
bypr
oduc
t of t
he li
nk –
is us
eful
for o
ther
link
ing
proj
ects
•Im
prov
emen
t of s
urve
y da
ta–
Link
ing
mic
roda
ta h
elps
iden
tify
erro
rs in
surv
ey re
port
ing 3/
15/2
0178
Bene
fits o
f lin
king
•Gre
ater
freq
uenc
y of
dat
a –
BEA
data
are
ann
ual;
BLS
data
mon
thly
and
qua
rter
ly
–O
nce
initi
al li
nk is
com
plet
ed, s
ubse
quen
t lin
ks m
ay b
e le
ss
labo
r int
ensiv
e an
d co
uld
be a
vaila
ble
with
gre
ater
fr
eque
ncy
•Pot
entia
l to
redu
ce re
spon
dent
bur
den
–M
ay b
e ab
le to
redu
ce d
ata
colle
cted
on
surv
ey if
link
pr
oduc
es in
form
atio
n th
at m
eets
stan
dard
s of q
ualit
y an
d tim
elin
ess
3/15
/201
79
Chal
leng
es
•Ver
y la
bor i
nten
sive
–Su
bsta
ntia
l inv
estm
ent o
f tim
e an
d re
sour
ces t
o lin
k da
ta in
itial
ly
–Su
bseq
uent
yea
rs m
ay b
e le
ss w
ork
•Not
tim
ely
–Be
caus
e of
man
ual e
ffort
, sub
stan
tial d
elay
in p
rodu
cing
resu
lts
–Ho
pe th
at w
ith su
bseq
uent
mat
ches
, dat
a co
uld
be m
ore
timel
y
•Leg
al re
quire
men
ts a
nd li
mita
tions
–In
tera
genc
y ag
reem
ent f
or d
ata
shar
ing
–N
ot a
ll st
ates
allo
w B
EA to
vie
w th
e da
ta
3/15
/201
710
Futu
re w
ork
•U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent e
ffort
to su
ppor
t and
exp
and
data
link
ing
–Em
ploy
er D
ata
Mat
chin
g W
orkg
roup
–14
Fed
eral
age
ncie
s rep
rese
nted
–Re
port
due
to b
e re
leas
ed so
on
•Exp
and
colle
ctio
n of
iden
tifie
rs–
Lega
l Ent
ity Id
entif
ier
–O
ver 4
00,0
00 e
ntiti
es g
loba
lly; o
ver 1
00,0
00 in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es–
BEA
plan
s to
colle
ct L
EI o
n up
com
ing
surv
ey
•Pur
suin
g ne
w le
gisla
tion
to e
xpan
d in
tera
genc
y ac
cess
to m
icro
-da
ta fo
r sta
tistic
al p
urpo
ses
3/15
/201
711
Inte
rnat
ion
al N
etw
ork
for
Exc
han
gin
g E
xper
ien
ce o
n
Sta
tist
ical
Han
dli
ng
of G
ran
ula
r D
ata
(IN
EX
DA
)
Stef
an B
ende
r (C
hair
ofIN
EX
DA
)
INE
XD
A: T
he G
ranu
lar
Dat
a N
etw
ork
On
6th
Janu
ary
2017
,
•th
e B
anca
d'It
alia
,
•th
e B
anco
de
Port
ugal
,
•th
e B
ank
of E
ngla
nd,
•th
e B
anqu
ede
Fra
nce
•an
d th
e D
euts
che
Bun
desb
ank
have
laun
ched
IN
EX
DA
, an
inte
rnat
iona
l coo
pera
tive
pro
ject
exc
hang
ing
expe
rien
ces
to d
ecla
re th
eir
will
ingn
ess
to fu
rthe
r st
reng
then
thei
r co
oper
atio
n.
Gen
eral
Mis
sion
•A
ckno
wle
dgin
g th
e re
leva
nce
of m
icro
dat
a in
the
area
of
inde
pend
ent s
cien
tific
res
earc
h, p
olic
y ad
vice
s (f
or
exam
ple
mon
etar
y po
licy
or fi
nanc
ial s
tabi
lity)
and
st
atis
tics
and
thei
r im
port
ance
for
inte
rnat
iona
l co
mpa
riso
ns•
Prom
otin
g th
e G
20 D
ata
Gap
s In
itia
tive
II,
in p
arti
cula
r re
com
men
dati
on 2
0, a
ddre
ssin
g th
e ac
cess
ibili
ty o
f gr
anul
ar d
ata
•A
ckno
wle
dgin
g an
d su
ppor
ting
the
wor
k on
dat
a sh
arin
g of
the
Irvi
ng F
ishe
r C
omm
itte
e on
Cen
tral
Ban
k St
atis
tics
Subj
ect a
nd S
cope
I: S
tati
stic
al H
andl
ing
INE
XD
A p
rovi
des
a ba
sis
for
exch
angi
ngex
peri
ence
son
th
est
atis
tica
lhan
dlin
gof
gra
nula
r da
ta, s
uch
as
•th
e ac
cess
ibili
ty o
f dat
a an
d m
etad
ata,
•te
chni
ques
for
stat
isti
cal a
naly
sis
of g
ranu
lar
data
,
•pr
oced
ures
for
conf
iden
tial
ity
and
secu
rity
of d
ata,
•an
d m
etho
ds o
f out
put c
ontr
ol.
Subj
ect a
nd S
cope
II:
Fra
mew
ork
and
Aim
INE
XD
A a
ims
at:
inve
stig
atin
g po
ssib
iliti
es to
har
mon
ise
acce
ss p
roce
dure
s an
d m
etad
ata
stru
ctur
es,
deve
lopi
ng c
ompa
rabl
e st
ruct
ures
for
exis
ting
dat
a an
d fu
rthe
r fo
ster
ing
effic
ienc
y of
sta
tist
ical
wor
k w
ith
gran
ular
dat
a.
The
ulti
mat
e ai
m o
f IN
EX
DA
is to
faci
litat
e th
e us
e of
gra
nula
r da
ta fo
r an
alyt
ical
, res
earc
h an
d co
mpa
rati
ve p
urpo
ses
by u
sers
out
side
the
part
icip
atin
g in
stit
utio
ns, w
ithi
n th
e lim
its
set b
y th
e ap
plic
able
co
nfid
enti
alit
y re
gim
es.
Firs
t 2 Y
ears
: a P
ilot E
xerc
ise
The
five
sign
ing
cent
ral b
anks
hav
e ag
reed
to e
ngag
e in
a p
ilot e
xerc
ise
whi
ch
envi
sage
s,
1.an
ext
ensi
ve s
tock
-tak
ing
of a
vaila
ble
data
sets
and
exi
stin
g pr
oced
ures
and
, 2.
the
inve
stig
atio
n of
har
mon
isat
ion
poss
ibili
ties
at d
iffer
ent l
evel
s.
They
will
pre
sent
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
er in
tere
sted
cen
tral
ban
ks, n
atio
nal
stat
isti
cal i
nsti
tute
s an
d in
tern
atio
nal i
nsti
tuti
ons
by th
e en
d of
201
8. A
t the
sa
me
tim
e, a
web
pag
e w
ill b
e la
unch
ed.
The
INE
XD
A s
ecre
tari
at i
s pr
ovid
ed b
y th
e D
euts
che
Bun
desb
ank
for
the
next
tw
o ye
ars
and
can
be c
onta
cted
at I
NE
XD
A.s
ecre
tary
@bu
ndes
bank
.de.
Part
icip
atio
n in
to I
NE
XD
A is
ope
n to
oth
er c
entr
al b
anks
, nat
iona
l sta
tist
ical
in
stit
utes
and
inte
rnat
iona
l org
anis
atio
ns.
Th
ank
you
for
you
r at
ten
tion
!
Con
tact
: IN
EX
DA
.sec
reta
ry@
bund
esba
nk.d
e
Dat
a In
tegr
atio
n,
Link
ing
and
Shar
ing
Rel
evan
ce o
f In
tern
atio
nal I
SO
Stan
dard
s
G-2
0 W
orks
hop
on D
ata
Sha
ring
Fran
kfur
t am
Mai
n, 1
6 Fe
brua
ry 2
017
Asi
er C
orne
jo P
érez
Exte
rnal
Sta
tistic
s D
ivis
ion
Dire
ctor
ate
Gen
eral
Sta
tistic
s
ECB
-UN
RES
TRIC
TED
FIN
AL
Rub
ric
ww
w.e
cb.e
urop
a.eu
©
Link
ing
data
sets
Dat
a In
tegr
atio
n, L
inki
ng a
nd S
harin
g
ECB
-UN
RES
TRIC
TED
FIN
AL
1 2 3
EC
B E
xper
ienc
e an
d in
itiat
ives
on
data
inte
grat
ion
Cro
ss c
ount
ry d
ata
shar
ing
Bac
kgro
und
2
Rub
ric
ww
w.e
cb.e
urop
a.eu
©
Incr
easi
ng d
ata
inte
grat
ion
need
s
•Th
e fin
anci
al c
risis
has
cre
ated
a g
row
ing
inte
rest
in c
onsi
sten
t, so
und
and
timel
y st
atis
tics
whi
ch im
plie
s la
rger
dat
a vo
lum
es a
t hig
her f
requ
ency
and
le
vel o
f gra
nula
rity
•In
ord
er to
mon
itor f
aste
r eco
nom
ic d
evel
opm
ents
Dat
a in
tegr
atio
n fro
m
diffe
rent
sou
rces
as
wel
l as
linki
ng o
f dat
aset
s is
nee
ded
toge
ther
with
the
poss
ibili
ty to
sha
re in
form
atio
n be
twee
n in
stitu
tions
and
cou
ntrie
s
•M
ain
chal
leng
es:
–D
ata
stan
daris
atio
nac
ross
the
diffe
rent
sou
rces
U
sing
com
mon
agr
eed
Inte
rnat
iona
l IS
O S
tand
ards
like
ISIN
and
LE
I
–C
onfid
entia
lity
rest
rictio
ns fo
r dat
a sh
arin
g am
ong
inst
itutio
ns a
nd
coun
trie
s U
sing
com
mon
Inte
rnat
iona
l IS
O S
tand
ards
and
enh
anci
ng
publ
icly
ava
ilabl
e in
form
atio
n
Dat
a In
tegr
atio
n, L
inki
ng a
nd S
harin
g
1. B
ackg
roun
d EC
B-U
NR
ESTR
ICTE
DFI
NAL
3
Rub
ric
ww
w.e
cb.e
urop
a.eu
©
Mic
ro a
nd g
ranu
lar
data
sys
tem
s
•EC
B, j
oint
ly w
ith th
e E
urop
ean
Sys
tem
of C
entra
l Ban
ks (E
SCB
), ha
s pr
omot
ed
the
crea
tion
of m
icro
and
gra
nula
r dat
a sy
stem
s ov
er th
e la
st y
ears
•A
s an
exa
mpl
e, in
form
atio
n on
sec
uriti
es a
nd th
eir i
ssue
rs is
com
pile
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the
Cen
tral
ised
Secu
ritie
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atab
ase
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B)
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form
atio
n te
chno
logy
in
frast
ruct
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oper
ated
join
tly b
y th
e E
SC
B m
embe
rs
–D
ata
are
colle
cted
fro
m v
ario
us s
ourc
es: n
atio
nal c
entra
l ban
ks, c
omm
erci
al
data
pro
vide
rs, t
he p
ublic
and
adm
inis
trativ
e so
urce
s
–La
rge
data
vol
umes
are
aut
omat
ical
ly c
ompo
unde
d re
conc
iling
inco
nsis
tent
in
form
atio
n an
d de
tect
ing
inco
mpl
ete
or m
issi
ng d
ata
•O
nly
poss
ible
due
to th
e us
e of
com
mon
sta
ndar
ds b
etw
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the
sour
ces
In p
artic
ular
, Int
erna
tiona
l IS
O S
tand
ards
like
the
ISIN
, LEI
or S
NA
200
8
•To
geth
er w
ith c
ompl
ex a
lgor
ithm
s to
ove
rcom
e th
e la
ck o
f per
fect
dat
a
–O
utpu
t se
curit
y-by
-sec
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info
rmat
ion
with
com
plet
e an
d hi
gh q
ualit
y da
ta to
the
exte
nt p
ossi
ble
shar
ed w
ithou
t res
tric
tions
with
in th
e ES
CB
Dat
a In
tegr
atio
n, L
inki
ng a
nd S
harin
g
2. E
CB
Exp
erie
nce
and
initi
ativ
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n da
ta in
tegr
atio
n (1
/2)
ECB
-UN
RES
TRIC
TED
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AL
4
Rub
ric
ww
w.e
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urop
a.eu
©
Oth
er in
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•In
add
ition
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e C
SD
B, t
here
are
oth
ersy
stem
s w
ith m
icro
and
gra
nula
r dat
a
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ecur
ities
Hol
ding
s S
tatis
tics
Dat
abas
e (S
HS
DB
),
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oney
Mar
ket S
tatis
tical
Rep
ortin
g (M
MS
R)
–R
egis
ter o
f Ins
titut
ions
and
Affi
liate
s D
atab
ase
(RIA
D) o
r
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the
futu
re, A
naly
tical
Cre
dit D
atas
et (A
naC
redi
t)
•O
ne k
ey a
nd c
ruci
al e
lem
ent
Use
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omm
only
agr
eed
Inte
rnat
iona
l St
anda
rds
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) and
pub
licly
ava
ilabl
e id
entif
iers
like
ISIN
or L
EI
•C
halle
nges
Cov
erag
e, g
ener
al a
pplic
atio
n an
d pu
blic
ava
ilabi
lity
of id
entif
iers
•In
itiat
ives
ECB
Opi
nion
sen
cour
agin
g th
e m
anda
tory
use
of i
nter
natio
nally
ag
reed
sta
ndar
ds a
s w
ell a
s th
e pu
blic
mac
hine
-rea
dabl
e av
aila
bilit
y of
in
form
atio
n
–Ex
ampl
e: fi
nal t
ext o
f the
upd
ated
EU
Reg
ulat
ion
on th
e pr
ospe
ctus
to b
e pu
blis
hed
whe
n se
curit
ies
are
offe
red
to th
e pu
blic
or a
dmitt
ed to
trad
ing
Dat
a In
tegr
atio
n, L
inki
ng a
nd S
harin
g
2. E
CB
Exp
erie
nce
and
initi
ativ
es o
n da
ta in
tegr
atio
n (2
/2)
ECB
-UN
RES
TRIC
TED
FIN
AL
5
Rub
ric
ww
w.e
cb.e
urop
a.eu
©
Use
of
Inte
rnat
iona
l IS
O S
tand
ards
•D
ata
shar
ing
with
in th
e ES
CB
is p
ossi
ble
with
out m
ajor
rest
rictio
ns, s
ubje
ct to
ag
reed
pro
cedu
res
Als
o to
sha
re in
form
atio
n be
twee
n EU
inst
itutio
ns a
nd
coun
trie
sin
par
ticul
ar a
reas
•H
owev
er, t
here
are
ple
nty
of o
bsta
cles
to p
rovi
de in
form
atio
n w
ith o
ther
co
untr
ies
–Te
chni
cal c
halle
nges
cre
ate
impe
dim
ents
for t
he e
xcha
nge
of in
form
atio
n be
twee
n co
untri
es
•La
ck o
f com
mon
ly u
sed
iden
tifie
rs, e
.g. f
or s
ecur
ities
and
issu
ers
•La
rge
data
vol
umes
or l
ack
of in
form
atio
n fo
r som
e ec
onom
ies
–D
ata
shar
ing
chal
leng
es -
conf
iden
tialit
y or
com
mer
cial
dat
a re
stric
tions
•Po
ssib
le s
olut
ion
Enc
oura
ge th
e us
e of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sta
ndar
ds (I
SO
) in
all
coun
tries
and
iden
tifie
rs li
ke L
EI,
ISIN
as
a pu
blic
goo
d to
allo
w s
harin
g of
in
form
atio
n
Dat
a In
tegr
atio
n, L
inki
ng a
nd S
harin
g
3. C
ross
cou
ntry
dat
a sh
arin
gEC
B-U
NR
ESTR
ICTE
DFI
NAL
6
Rub
ric
ww
w.e
cb.e
urop
a.eu
©
Than
ks fo
r you
r atte
ntio
nA
ny q
uest
ions
?
Dat
a In
tegr
atio
n, L
inki
ng a
nd S
harin
g
ECB
-UN
RES
TRIC
TED
FIN
AL
7
Fran
kfur
t, Fe
brua
ry 1st
, 201
7G
-20
WO
RKSH
OP
ON
DAT
A S
HA
RIN
G
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
Wor
k w
itho
utsy
stem
VS
wor
k w
ith
syst
em
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
Bene
fitso
f Hav
ing
A S
yste
m
enab
le to
mee
t and
surp
ass a
ll da
ta u
sers
exp
ecta
tion
sen
able
to p
rodu
ce th
e sa
me
qual
ity
resu
lts e
very
tim
eim
prov
e pe
rfor
man
cere
duce
cos
tsen
able
to b
e an
org
aniz
edor
gani
zati
onen
able
to s
olve
all
prob
lem
s on
a co
nsis
tent
basi
sen
able
to b
e “g
oing
glo
bal”
enab
le to
be
avai
labl
ean
ywhe
re a
nd 2
4/7
A Sy
stem
is A
n En
able
rW
itho
ut
Syst
emB
enef
itW
ith
Syst
emM
aybe
Enab
le to
mee
t and
surp
ass a
ll da
ta u
sers
ex
pect
atio
nsYe
s
Cou
ld b
eEn
able
to p
rodu
ce th
e sa
me
qual
ity
resu
lts
ever
y ti
me
Yes
Poss
ibly
Enab
le to
impr
ove
perf
orm
ance
Yes
Hop
eful
lyEn
able
to re
duce
cos
tsYe
s
Perh
aps
Enab
le to
be
an o
rgan
ized
org
aniz
atio
nYe
s
Pro
babl
yEn
able
to s
olve
all
prob
lem
s on
a co
nsis
tent
ba
sis
Yes
If lu
cky
Enab
le to
be
“goi
ng g
loba
l”Ye
s
Shou
ld
beEn
able
to b
e av
aila
ble
anyw
here
and
24/
7 Ye
s
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
A w
ell m
anag
ed s
yste
m re
quir
es a
s fol
low
s:
Har
dwar
e A
nd S
oftw
are
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
Dat
abas
es A
nd D
ata
War
ehou
ses
Hum
an R
esou
rces
Proc
edur
es
Item
Iden
tifi
er
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
Impl
emen
tati
on o
f Ide
ntifi
er
depe
ndso
n th
e va
lue
of th
e ite
m:
Mel
ons
No
Han
dpho
nes
Yes
Car
s Ye
sVe
ry sp
ecia
l mel
ons t
hat c
ost
11.50
0 U
SD e
ach
Yes
so, d
epen
ds o
n th
e va
lue
of th
e ite
m
Iden
tifi
er: I
s it
rel
evan
t her
e?
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
Reas
onst
hatm
ake
mic
roda
tava
luab
le:
Max
imum
gran
ular
ity
Invo
lvin
gpu
blic
conv
enie
nce
and
secu
rity
As a
Val
uabl
e It
em in
the
syst
em,
mic
ro d
ata
pack
age
has t
o be
iden
tifie
d w
ith
an id
enti
fier
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
rA
uni
que
iden
tifie
r will
be
assi
gned
on
ever
y m
icro
da
ta p
acka
ge
Q: P
ossi
ble?
A: W
ith c
urre
nt s
tate
of I
T
Very
Pos
sibl
e
Exam
ple
of m
assi
ve h
andl
ing
by c
urre
nt IT
syst
em:
tran
sact
ion
code
, boo
king
cod
e, e
tc.
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
Key
Pri
ncip
les
Und
erlie
the
Iden
tifie
r:
1.It
isa
glob
alst
anda
rd.
2.A
sing
le,
uniq
ueid
entif
ier
isas
sign
edto
each
data
pack
age.
Requ
ires
conc
ept
mat
urity
and
coor
dina
tion
amon
gco
untr
yco
ordi
nato
rs(l
ocal
oper
atin
gun
its).
3.It
issu
ppor
ted
byhi
ghda
taqu
alit
y.4.
Coh
eren
tw
ithot
her
reco
mm
ende
did
entif
ier
(e.g
.IS
O17
442
LEI,
lear
ning
from
UPI
,U
TI,
USI
).C
oher
ent
does
not
mea
nsi
mila
r.Bu
tado
ptth
eeq
uals
tand
ard.
5.Su
ppor
ted
bygo
odIT
syst
emth
atca
nco
pew
ithhi
ghsp
eed
tran
sact
ion
and
data
base
that
can
acco
mm
odat
em
assi
vean
dhi
ghly
dyna
mic
cont
ent.
6.A
llin
volv
edel
emen
tsar
ebo
und
ina
syst
em.E
ach
elem
ent
has
liabi
litie
sand
bene
fits(
non
finan
cial
and
finan
cial
).
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
Lear
ning
from
LEI
“The
foun
ding
prin
cipl
esof
the
Glo
bal
LEI
Syst
emw
ere
deve
lope
dth
roug
hex
tens
ive
publ
ican
dpr
ivat
ese
ctor
colla
bora
tion
and
will
cont
inue
toev
olve
inth
issp
irit.
At
thei
rC
anne
sSu
mm
itin
Nov
embe
r20
11,th
eG
-20
lead
ers
supp
orte
d"t
hecr
eati
onof
agl
obal
lega
len
tity
iden
tifie
r(L
EI)
whi
chun
ique
lyid
enti
fies
part
ies
tofi
nanc
ialt
rans
acti
ons.
"Th
ele
ader
sal
soca
lled
onth
eFi
nanc
ial
Stab
ility
Boar
d(F
SB)
tota
keth
ele
adin
help
ing
coor
dina
tew
ork
amon
gth
ere
gula
tory
com
mun
ityon
the
gove
rnan
cefr
amew
ork
ofth
eG
loba
lLE
ISys
tem
,com
plem
entin
gef
fort
sby
the
priv
ate
sect
orto
deve
lop
ate
chni
cal
solu
tion,
incl
udin
gth
roug
hth
eIn
tern
atio
nalO
rgan
isat
ion
forS
tand
ardi
sati
on.”
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
r
Lear
ning
Fro
m O
ther
Iden
tifie
rs
UPI
(Uni
que
Prod
uct
Iden
tifie
r),
Aun
ique
code
tode
scri
bea
finan
cial
prod
uctf
orth
epu
rpos
eof
regu
lato
ryre
port
ing.
UTI
(Uni
que
Tran
sact
ion
Iden
tifie
r),
With
aLE
Ian
da
UPI
embe
dded
ina
finan
cial
tran
sact
ion,
the
coun
terp
arty
and
the
prod
uct
trad
edca
nbe
know
n.N
owth
efin
anci
altr
ansa
ctio
nits
elf
need
sto
beid
entif
ied,
asth
ere
can
bem
any
ofth
esa
me
tran
sact
ions
cond
ucte
dby
the
sam
epa
rtie
sin
the
sam
epr
oduc
t.FE
I(F
inan
cial
Even
tId
entif
ier)
,ide
ntify
ing
afin
anci
alev
ent
such
asa
mer
ger,
acqu
isiti
on,b
ankr
uptc
y,sp
in-o
ff,et
cTh
ein
tegr
ated
glob
alid
enti
fica
tion
syst
em,
Prom
otes
U3
(Uni
que,
Una
mbi
guou
s,an
dU
nive
rsal
)G
loba
lId
entif
icat
ion
codi
ngsc
hem
e.It
conf
orm
sto
allk
now
nst
anda
rds
toda
te(I
SOLE
I17
442:
2012
)an
dto
furt
her
expe
cted
UTI
and
UPI
requ
irem
ents
.
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
rPr
opos
ed S
truc
ture
As T
he E
nvir
onm
ent o
fM
icro
Dat
a Pa
ckag
e Id
enti
fier
CC
MD
P
MD
D
DU
•Re
gist
erin
g M
DP
•Co
ordi
natin
g M
DP
•Re
gist
erin
g M
DD
•Co
ordi
natin
g M
DD
•D
isse
min
atin
g D
ata
•Br
oadc
astin
g M
DD
s for
U
pdat
es a
nd R
evis
ions
•O
rder
ing
pric
ing
if an
y
•Re
gist
erin
g D
U•
Dis
sem
inat
ing
Dat
a•
On
beha
lf of
MD
P, si
gnin
g LA
DU
with
DU
•Co
ntac
ting
all D
U fo
r Upd
ates
an
d Re
visi
ons
•Re
port
ing
Dis
sem
inat
ion
Stat
istic
s
•Q
uery
ing
Dat
a•
Repo
rtin
g D
isse
min
atio
n St
atis
tics
•Fo
rwar
ding
pay
men
t if
any
•Re
ques
ting
Dat
a•
Repo
rtin
g Re
port
s•
Acc
eptin
g pa
ymen
t if
any
International Coordinator
The
Use
fuln
ess o
f Com
mon
Iden
tifie
rPr
opos
ed F
orm
atof
Mic
ro D
ata
Pack
age
Iden
tifie
r
As
adr
aft
idea
,Mic
roD
ata
Pack
age
Iden
tifie
rat
leas
tco
nsis
tsof
22di
git
ofco
des
asfo
llow
s;C
ount
ry(o
rIn
tern
atio
nal
Org
aniz
atio
n)co
de(e
.g.
ISO
3166
-2al
pha-
3)[D
igit
1-4]
,M
icro
Dat
aPr
ovid
er(M
DP)
code
[Dig
it5-
7],
Mic
roD
ata
Dis
trib
utor
(MD
D)
code
[Dig
it8-
10],
Dat
aset
code
[Dig
it11-
13],
Uni
que
incr
emen
tal
num
ber
for
each
MD
D[D
igit
14-1
6],D
ata
Use
rco
de[D
igit
17-1
9],U
niqu
ein
crem
enta
lnum
ber
fore
ach
DU
requ
est[
Dig
it20
-22]
.
Linki
ng D
iffer
ent D
ata
Sets
Link
ing
Diffe
rent
Dat
a Se
ts
ItC
onsi
stso
f:•
Vari
able
/Fie
ldLi
nkin
g•
Cove
rage
Link
ing
•Ti
me
Seri
esLi
nkin
g
Link
ing
Diff
eren
t Dat
a Se
ts w
ould
sig
nific
antly
en
rich
the
info
rmat
ion
prov
ided
by
data
sets
Link
ing
Diffe
rent
Dat
a Se
ts
On
Dat
a: Im
prov
es c
oher
ency
and
cons
iste
ncy.
On
Dat
a U
ser:
Pos
sibi
lity
to h
ave
mor
eco
mpr
ehen
sive
data
.O
n D
ata
Prov
ider
: Eff
icie
ncy
in d
ata
man
agem
ent a
nd p
roce
ssin
g, Im
prov
es d
ata
qual
ity.
Bene
fits o
f the
Abi
lity
of D
ata
Link
ing
Link
ing
Diffe
rent
Dat
a Se
ts
*Av
aila
bili
tyof
Met
adat
aSi
mila
rper
cept
ion
onth
eda
taAv
oidi
nger
roro
facc
epta
nce
orre
ject
ion
*El
igib
ilit
yA
nal
ysis
ofD
ata
Lin
kin
gpr
ior
tolin
king
proc
ess
Requ
irem
ents
for L
inki
ng
Link
ing
Diffe
rent
Dat
a Se
ts
Elig
ibili
tyA
naly
sis
ispe
rfor
med
inth
eba
ckgr
oun
d.It
star
tsto
run
asso
onas
the
data
pack
age
isav
aila
ble
for
adi
stri
buti
onas
wel
las
met
adat
a.
Elig
ibili
ty A
naly
sis o
f Dat
a Li
nkin
g
Toen
able
the
wid
est
poss
ible
ofda
talin
king
,th
eel
igib
ility
anal
ysis
isdo
neby
Mic
roD
ata
Inte
rnat
ion
alC
oord
inat
or.
Link
ing
Diffe
rent
Dat
a Se
ts
Vari
able
/Fie
ldLi
nkin
g:re
quir
espr
ecis
ion
onre
cord
prof
iling
toav
oid
mis
mat
ch.
Bew
are!
The
mor
elin
ked,
the
mor
eco
mpl
ete
info
rmat
ion
ona
row.
Itm
eans
mor
epo
ssib
ility
ofid
enti
tyre
veal
.C
over
age
Link
ing:
dupl
icat
ion
and
unde
rco
vera
gear
eth
eco
mm
onm
ista
kes.
Requ
ires
also
prec
isio
non
reco
rdpr
ofili
ngan
den
ough
unde
rlyi
ngin
form
atio
non
the
data
sets
invo
lved
.Ti
me
Seri
esLi
nkin
g:H
asto
beaw
are
ofch
ange
sin
data
stru
ctur
eal
ong
the
peri
od.
Cha
lleng
es in
Dat
a Li
nkin
g
Link
ing
Diffe
rent
Dat
a Se
ts
Sign
ifica
ntly
spee
ding
upth
epr
oces
sof
addr
essi
ngda
tase
tsto
belin
ked
•Lo
cati
ngth
eda
ta•
Det
erm
inin
gw
hich
data
part
s•
Det
erm
inin
gth
eti
me
refe
renc
eof
data
sets
Impr
ovin
gac
cura
cyof
data
proc
essi
ngby
ensu
ring
row
iden
tity
Cou
pled
wit
hgo
odm
etad
ata,
will
enab
leth
ecr
eati
onof
glob
alin
terl
inke
dda
taIm
prov
ing
proc
ess
stan
dard
izat
ion
that
will
redu
ceth
epo
ssib
ility
ofle
akso
nin
divi
dual
data
The
Role
of I
dent
ifier
in L
inki
ngD
ata
Sets
Than
k Y
ou!
DATA
SHA
RIN
G: E
XPER
IEN
CE
& C
HALL
ENG
ES O
F IN
DON
ESIA
’S
STA
TISTIC Ga
ntia
h W
urya
ndan
i, E
tika
Rosa
nti
G-20
Wor
ksho
p on
Dat
a Sh
arin
g Fr
ankf
urt,
Janu
ary
31-F
ebru
ary
1, 2
017
2
2
22
Intro
duct
ion
Con
cept
, pur
pose
and
ben
efit
of d
ata
shar
ing
Cur
rent
pra
ctic
e in
Indo
nesia
Obs
tacl
es in
dat
a sh
arin
g
Maj
or c
halle
nge/
issue
s
3
3
3
The
need
ofd
ata
shar
ing
beca
me
mor
ecr
ucia
lfo
rInd
ones
ia,p
arti
cula
rlysin
ceec
onom
iccr
isis
in19
97/9
8.Po
licym
ake
rsm
ust
have
com
preh
ensiv
ein
form
a-
tion
and
clea
rpic
ture
ofiss
ues.
Holis
tican
alys
issu
ppor
tpin
poin
tthe
right
pro
blem
and
itsso
lutio
n.Th
ene
edof
mor
egr
anul
aran
dtra
nspa
rent
dat
ato
supp
orth
olist
ican
alys
is.
4
4
4
Dat
ash
arin
gis
the
prac
tice
ofd
ata
exch
ange
betw
een
vario
usor
gani
zatio
ns,
peop
lean
dte
chno
logi
es.
Dat
ash
arin
gis
law
ful,
and
conf
iden
tialit
ysh
ould
bem
aint
aine
d.
Dat
ash
arin
gis
usua
llyfo
llow
edby
risk,
eith
erpe
rcei
ved
orac
tua
l.Th
eref
ore,
itne
eds
risk
man
agem
ent
toav
oid
the
pote
ntia
lris
kin
misu
sed
da
ta.
5
5
5
To h
ave
syne
rgy
with
oth
er in
stitu
tion
Impr
ove
effic
ienc
y an
d tr
ansp
aren
cyTo
hav
e be
tter p
olic
y fo
rmul
atio
n an
d it
s ef
fect
iven
ess.
Mor
e gr
anul
ar a
nd tr
ansp
aren
t dat
a is
aim
ed to
ed
ucat
e pu
blic
and
smoo
th o
ver t
he
esta
blish
men
t of s
peci
fic p
olic
y.
6
6
6
Wid
e ra
ngin
g in
form
atio
n fo
r all p
olic
ymak
ers
Cle
arer
and
bet
ter q
ualit
y of
dat
a M
inim
ized
bur
den
of r
edun
dan
t dat
a co
llect
ion
effo
rt, p
artic
ular
ly re
porti
ng fr
om th
e sa
me
resp
ond
ent e
ntiti
es b
y d
iffer
ent a
utho
ritie
sEf
ficie
nt in
dat
a co
llect
ion
7
7
77
Act
No.
23of
1999
rega
rdin
gC
entra
lBa
nk,
artic
le14
para
gra
ph
(1)s
tate
stha
tcen
tralb
ank
ma
yco
nduc
tasu
rvey
regu
larly
eith
erat
mac
roor
mic
role
vel
tosu
ppor
tth
efu
nctio
nsin
mon
eta
ry,p
aym
ents
yste
m,a
ndfin
anc
ials
tabi
lity
polic
ies
Act
No.
24of
1999
rega
rdin
gth
eFo
reig
nEx
chan
geFl
ows
and
Exch
ange
Rate
Syst
em,
artic
le3,
conv
eys
toBI
the
auth
ority
tore
ques
tin
form
atio
nan
dd
ata
offo
reig
nex
chan
getra
nsac
tions
,ass
etsa
ndlia
bilit
ieso
fany
inst
itutio
nC
entra
lBa
nkRe
gula
tion
onRe
porti
ngp
artic
ular
lyfo
rb
anks
and
non
finan
cial
inst
itutio
n
8
8
88
Inte
rnat
iona
l
•Su
bmiss
ion
to IM
F (S
DD
S, IF
S)•
Com
mitm
ent r
ealiz
atio
n in
DG
I G
-20
•Su
bmiss
ion
to B
IS, A
DB,
OEC
D,
Wor
ld B
ank,
ASE
AN
Sec
reta
riat
Nat
iona
l
•In
tegr
ated
sys
tem
for d
ata
shar
ing
with
FSA
•Jo
int c
ompi
latio
n w
ith N
SO: a
s co
ntrib
utor
in G
DP,
Flo
w o
f Fu
nd, b
usin
ess s
urve
y, re
sear
ch
in W
PI•
Join
ban
king
repo
rting
m
ain
tena
nce
and
util
izatio
n w
ith F
SA•
Join
com
pila
tion
with
MoF
in
deb
t sec
uriti
es a
nd fo
reig
n lo
an•
As t
he g
over
nmen
t bon
d cu
stod
ian
and
settl
emen
t•
Join
exp
ort -
impo
rt d
ata
shar
ing
syst
em w
ith N
SO,
Cus
tom
, and
Tax
Offi
ce
9
9
Cen
tral B
ank
Inte
rnat
iona
l St
akeh
olde
r
Nat
iona
lSt
akeh
olde
r
Inte
rnal
Stak
ehol
der
BIS,
IMF,
Wor
ld b
ank,
A
DB, D
GI,
ASE
AN
Se
cret
ary,
OEC
D, e
tc.
[Com
mitm
ent b
ase]
Boar
d of
G
over
nor,
othe
r De
pt. &
regi
onal
of
fice
NSO
, MoF
, FSA
, loc
al
gove
rnm
ent,
othe
r m
inist
ries/
inst
itutio
ns
[Leg
al b
ase:
MoU
, sp
ecia
l acc
ess
for
FSA
, in
tegr
ated
sys
tem
of
data
sha
ring
]
[Leg
al b
ase:
in
tern
al
regu
lati
on,
spec
ial
acce
ss]
Way
For
war
d d : “
ON
E DA
TA F
OR
NA
TION
AL
AL”
10
10
1010
Prom
ote
MO
Uw
ithot
heri
nstit
utio
nsa
sdat
aso
urce
sD
evel
opin
tegr
ated
exch
ange
syst
emw
ithFi
nanc
ialS
uper
viso
ryA
utho
rity
Impr
ove
gran
ular
and
trans
pare
ncy
ofst
atis
tical
publ
icat
ion
inor
der
toes
cala
tein
stitu
tiona
lse
ctor
sal
ertn
ess
ofd
ata
as
the
early
war
ning
cond
ition
and
topr
even
tins
tabi
lity
byes
tabl
ishin
gpr
eem
ptiv
epo
licy
Regu
lar
exch
ange
inin
form
atio
nth
roug
hfo
cus
grou
pd
iscus
sion
and
da
taex
cha
nges
with
othe
rins
titut
ions
Mai
ntai
nco
nfid
entia
lity
by
regu
lar
revi
ewan
das
sess
men
ton
acc
ess
prov
ided
Ad
opt
inte
rnat
iona
lst
and
ard
best
prac
tice
met
hod
olog
yin
stat
istic
com
pila
tion
Parti
cipa
tein
Inte
rna
tiona
lsta
tistic
sco
mm
itmen
tsu
cha
sIM
F(IF
S,SD
DS)
,D
GI-G
20,B
IS,O
ECD
,AD
B,W
orld
Bank
,ASE
AN
Secr
etar
iat
Join
com
pilin
g in
som
e in
dic
ator
s su
ch a
s Sec
tora
l Acc
ount
s, flo
w o
f fun
d,
GD
P, d
ebt s
ecur
ities
, ext
erna
l loa
n w
ith o
ther
inst
itutio
ns (N
SO, M
oF, F
SA
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ent)
.W
ay fo
rwar
d, e
stab
lish
an in
tegr
ated
repo
rting
sys
tem
in
th
e ba
nkin
g in
dus
try (c
olla
bora
tion
of c
entra
l ban
k an
d F
SA)
ss
11
11
The
form
at,m
echa
nism
,and
proc
ess
ofd
ata
shar
ing
with
othe
rin
stitu
tion
shou
ldbe
esta
blish
ed.
Dat
aex
chan
gebe
yond
agre
ed,s
houl
dbe
requ
este
dby
spec
iall
ette
rIn
clus
ion
ofdi
scus
sion
foru
mfo
rbu
ildin
gca
pabi
litie
san
dre
sear
chin
the
MO
UC
onfid
entia
lity
oflim
ited
dat
ash
arin
g
Dat
are
late
dto
spec
ific
need
sbe
twee
nce
ntra
lba
nkan
dot
her
inst
itutio
nsbi
late
rally
orm
ultil
ater
ally
agre
edon
.Ex
clud
ein
divi
dual
data
asth
isis
proh
ibite
dby
law
for
bank
ing
data
,res
trict
edan
dco
nfid
entia
lity
dat
a,un
less
stat
edto
be
shar
ed.
Incr
easin
gth
eco
mm
itmen
t,co
oper
atio
n,an
dsy
nerg
yin
ord
erto
exch
ang
eda
ta/s
tatis
ticin
form
atio
nre
late
dto
mon
eta
rypo
licy,
paym
ent
syst
em,
finan
cial
syst
emst
abilit
y,re
alse
ctor
and
othe
rpa
rticu
lar
cove
rage
,an
dal
sod
evel
opin
gth
ehu
man
reso
urce
scap
abilit
iesa
ndre
sear
ch.
Purp
ose
Targ
et d
ata
to b
e sh
ared
Proc
edur
e fo
r dat
a sh
arin
g
12
12
All
disp
utes
/disa
gree
men
tam
ong
the
inst
itutio
nsw
illbe
reso
lved
byco
nsen
susb
ased
onre
gula
tion.
stip
ula
tew
ays
topr
otec
tthe
conf
iden
tialit
yof
info
rma
tion
:o
App
rova
lof
data
-sha
ring
acce
ssbe
gove
rned
byre
view
ing
the
cand
idat
e’sp
ositi
onan
dta
sko
App
ropr
iate
actio
nsto
ensu
reno
n-d
isclo
sure
ofco
nfid
entia
lin
form
atio
n,in
clud
ing
sanc
tion
oRe
gula
tions
and
cod
eof
cond
uct
for
pers
ons
who
have
acce
ssto
conf
iden
tialin
form
atio
nfro
mm
isuse
d
Info
rmat
ion
isex
chan
ged
via
med
iaag
reed
bybo
thin
stitu
tions
.
The
info
rmat
ion
prov
ided
shou
ldno
tbe
used
foro
ther
purp
oses
than
the
inst
itutio
nLim
itatio
n on
use
Tran
sfer
ring
data
Prot
ect c
onfid
entia
lity
Med
iatio
n of
disa
gree
men
t:
13
13
1313
Lega
l and
con
fiden
tialit
y co
nstra
int
Prot
ectio
n of
con
fiden
tial in
form
atio
n in
term
of l
egal
fo
und
atio
n (d
ata
secu
rity)
Stan
dard
ize m
etho
dolo
gy a
nd m
etad
ata
IT sy
stem
and
cos
tA
cces
sibilit
y: o
pen
or re
stric
ted
, cod
e of
con
duc
t to
safe
guar
d th
e se
curit
yFe
ar o
f stra
tegi
c m
anag
emen
t ham
perin
g D
iffic
ultie
s in
dat
a co
llect
ion,
par
ticul
arly
in c
orpo
ratio
n an
d h
ouse
hold
sect
ors
Inst
itutio
ns re
luct
ance
to o
pen
acce
ss fo
r oth
ers
14
14
1414
Prot
ocol
to se
cure
dat
a co
nfid
entia
lity
(sen
sitiv
e/in
div
idua
l/per
sona
l inf
orm
atio
n)
Stan
dar
dize
d m
etad
ata
and
met
hod
olog
y as
to h
ave
relia
ble
anal
ysis
in c
ount
ries
com
paris
on o
f cro
ss b
ord
er tr
ansa
ctio
ns
Dat
a cl
earin
g an
d re
conc
iliatio
n am
ong
coun
tries
cro
ss b
ord
er
stat
istic
s, an
d th
e ne
ed o
f sta
tistic
s co
mpi
lers
mai
ling
list/
cont
act.
Inte
grat
ed s
yste
m in
join
com
pilin
g st
atist
ics
Effe
ctiv
enes
s of d
ata
sha
ring
utiliz
atio
n to
ma
p in
sta
bilit
y of
cro
ss
bord
er tr
ansa
ctio
n/po
sitio
n to
pre
vent
cris
is an
d sa
fegu
ard
st
abi
lity
by jo
in in
terv
entio
n a
mon
g co
untri
es.
14D
ata
relia
bilit
y in
the
cros
s fer
tiliza
tion
as th
e m
irror
ing
dat
a fo
r co
untri
es w
ith m
issin
g d
ata
of o
utw
ard
flow
s
Than
k Yo
uD
anke
Rec
ord
Link
age
Def
initi
on a
nd G
erm
an E
xper
ienc
eSt
efan
Ben
der (
Hea
d of
the
Res
earc
h D
ata
and
Serv
ice
Cen
tre)
,Deu
tsch
e B
unde
sban
k
Mot
ivat
ion:
The
Nee
d fo
r Rec
ord
Link
age
•Lar
ge a
mou
nts
of d
ata
are
bein
g co
llect
ed.
•Inc
reas
e an
alyt
ical
val
ueof
dat
a
•Im
prov
e da
ta q
ualit
y
•Red
uce
surv
ey b
urde
nfo
r uni
ts (l
ike
com
pani
es,
bank
s)
•Dat
a ar
e of
ten
from
diff
eren
t sou
rces
(nee
d fo
r re
cord
link
age)
.
Page
21
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
age
Def
initi
on o
f Rec
ord
Link
age
•RL
is fi
ndin
g re
cord
s in
diff
eren
t dat
a se
ts th
at
repr
esen
t the
sam
e en
tity
and
link
them
.
•RL
is a
lso
know
n as
dat
a m
atch
ing,
ent
ity
reso
lutio
n, o
bjec
t ide
ntifi
catio
n, d
uplic
ate
dete
ctio
n, id
entit
y un
certa
inty
, mer
ge-p
urge
.
Page
31
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
age
Mai
n A
pplic
atio
ns o
f Rec
ord
Link
age
1.M
ergi
ng o
f tw
o or
mor
e da
ta fi
les
2.Id
entif
ying
the
inte
rsec
tion
of th
e tw
o da
ta s
ets
3.U
pdat
ing
of d
ata
files
(with
the
data
row
of t
he o
ther
da
ta fi
les)
4.Im
pute
mis
sing
dat
a
5.D
edup
licat
ea
file
(rem
ove
dupl
icat
es in
one
file
)
Page
41
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
age
Rec
ord
Link
age
Cha
lleng
es (C
hris
ten
2012
)
•No
uniq
ue (c
lean
) ent
ity id
entif
iers
ava
ilabl
e
•Rea
l wor
ld d
ata
are
dirty
(typ
ogra
phic
al e
rror
s an
d va
riatio
ns, m
issi
ng
and
out-o
f-dat
e va
lues
, diff
eren
t cod
ing
sche
mes
, etc
.)
•Sca
labi
lity,
dat
a ba
se s
ize
•Nai
ve c
ompa
rison
of a
ll re
cord
pai
rs is
qua
drat
ic•R
emov
e lik
ely
no-m
atch
es a
s ef
ficie
ntly
as
poss
ible
•No
train
ing
data
in m
any
linka
ge a
pplic
atio
ns
•No
reco
rd p
airs
with
kno
wn
true
mat
ch s
tatu
s
•Priv
acy
and
conf
iden
tialit
y •P
erso
nal i
nfor
mat
ion,
like
nam
es a
nd a
ddre
sses
, are
com
mon
ly
requ
ired
for l
inki
ng
Page
51
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
age
The
exte
nded
reco
rd li
nkag
e pr
oces
s
Page
61
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
age
Ther
e is
no
perf
ect w
orld
Page
71
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
ageTr
ue P
ositi
ve (T
P)Fa
lse
Neg
ativ
e (F
N)
Fals
ePo
sitiv
e (F
P)Tr
ueN
egat
ive
(TN
)
•In
a p
erfe
ct w
orld
•B
ut w
e do
not
live
in a
per
fect
wor
ld
True
Posi
tive
(TP)
True
Neg
ativ
e (T
N)
Pre
dict
ed
True
True
Pre
dict
ed
1 0
01
01
1 0
Rec
ord
Link
age
at B
unde
sban
k (in
the
RD
SC)
Bac
kgro
und
•N
o co
mm
on re
gist
er in
the
Bun
desb
ank
•S
trong
nee
d to
hav
e an
inte
grat
ed c
ompa
ny re
gist
er•
Use
of 7
diff
eren
t dat
a se
ts (i
nter
nal a
nd e
xter
nal)
to c
onst
ruct
som
e ki
nd o
f an
inte
grat
ed c
ompa
ny re
gist
er (f
or o
ne y
ear):
–
com
pani
es fr
om fo
reig
n di
rect
inve
stm
ents
(MiD
i),
–ba
lanc
e of
pay
men
t sta
tistic
s (S
ITS
), –
bank
ing
supe
rvis
ion
data
on
borr
ower
s (B
AK
IS /
MiM
iK),
–ba
lanc
e sh
eet d
ata
(US
TAN
) and
–
exte
rnal
bal
ance
she
et d
ata
Cha
lleng
e•
No
com
mon
uni
que
firm
iden
tifie
r in
Ger
man
y(C
ompa
ny b
usin
ess
regi
ster
-ID n
ot s
tabl
e)
Page
81
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
age
Rec
ord
Link
age
at B
unde
sban
k (in
RD
SC)
•M
atch
firm
dat
a…•
… th
at d
o no
thav
e a
com
mon
uni
que
iden
tifie
r / k
ey•
… b
y us
ing
alte
rnat
ive
iden
tifie
rs(s
uch
as n
ames
)
•It
is p
ossi
ble
to c
onst
ruct
a „g
roun
d-tru
th“-s
ampl
e of
mat
ch
cand
idat
e pa
irs to
trai
n a
RL
mod
el:
•C
omm
on e
xter
nal I
ds•
Qua
si id
entic
al b
alan
ce s
heet
s of
firm
s
•M
achi
ne L
earn
ing
Alg
orith
m, w
hich
can
be
used
for o
ther
ye
ars
or c
ompa
ny d
ata
sets
.
Page
91
-Feb
-20
17Be
nder
: Rec
ord
Link
age
Res
ult o
f tw
o C
ompa
ny D
ata
Sets
TP =
15,
475
FN =
653
FP=
647
TN =
15,
638
True
Pre
dict
ed0
1
1 0
Page
10
1 -F
eb -
2017
Bend
er: R
ecor
d Li
nkag
e
Res
ults
ofR
L ar
eve
rygo
odan
dw
ill be
used
foro
ther
linka
ge.
Rec
ord
Link
age
acro
ssIn
stitu
tions
: Kom
biFi
D
In th
e pr
ojec
t Com
bine
d fir
m d
ata
for G
erm
any
(Kom
biFi
D) d
ata
colle
cted
by
•Ger
man
Sta
tistic
al O
ffice
s,
•Fed
eral
Em
ploy
men
t Age
ncy,
and
•Deu
tsch
e B
unde
sban
k
wer
e fo
r the
firs
t tim
e lin
ked.
With
a h
uge
effo
rt -a
fter 5
yea
rs (2
007-
2011
) and
a lo
t of p
erso
ns in
volv
ed -
the
data
wer
e lin
ked
and
mad
e av
aila
ble
to th
e re
sear
ch c
omm
unity
. Mos
t ef
forts
in th
e fo
llow
ing
task
s:
•Leg
al is
sues
•Cle
anin
g •R
ecor
d Li
nkag
e•C
onsi
sten
cy c
heck
s
Page
11
1 -F
eb -
2017
Bend
er: R
ecor
d Li
nkag
e
Cos
ts
•Lin
king
thes
e da
ta a
re c
ostly
•Hig
h ef
fort
to c
lean
the
data
(mos
t tim
e is
spe
nd in
cle
anin
g)•U
ncer
tain
ty o
f hav
ing
all t
rue
mat
ches
•Leg
al „u
ncer
tain
ties”
•Stro
ng n
eed
for b
ette
r dat
a qu
ality
.•S
trong
er n
eed
for u
niqu
e id
entif
iers
like
LE
I
Page
12
1 -F
eb -
2017
Bend
er: R
ecor
d Li
nkag
e
Page
13
1 -F
eb -
2017
Bend
er: R
ecor
d Li
nkag
eThan
k yo
u fo
r you
r atte
ntio
n!
Web
site
: ww
w.b
unde
sban
k.de
\fdsz
Con
tact
: fds
z@bu
ndes
bank
.de
