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Benefits of satellite altimetry for transboundary basins

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Benefits of satellite altimetry for transboundary basins. S. Biancamaria 1,2 , F. Hossain 3 , D. P. Lettenmaier 4 , N. Pourthié 2 and C. Lion 1,2 1 LEGOS, Toulouse, France 2 CNES, Toulouse, France 3 CEE, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 1 Benefits of satellite Benefits of satellite altimetry for altimetry for transboundary basins transboundary basins S. Biancamaria 1,2 , F. Hossain 3 , D. P. Lettenmaier 4 , N. Pourthié 2 and C. Lion 1,2 1 LEGOS, Toulouse, France 2 CNES, Toulouse, France 3 CEE, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA 4 CEE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Page 1: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 1

Benefits of satellite altimetry for Benefits of satellite altimetry for transboundary basinstransboundary basins

S. Biancamaria 1,2, F. Hossain 3, D. P. Lettenmaier 4, N. Pourthié 2 and C. Lion 1,2

1 LEGOS, Toulouse, France2 CNES, Toulouse, France

3 CEE, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA4 CEE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Page 2: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Transboundary basinsTransboundary basins

• 256 river basins are shared among 2 or more countries (Wolf et al., 1999) = 45% land surfaces

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 2

Page 3: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

OutlineOutline

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 3

1. Forecasting Brahmaputra/Ganges water elevations using satellite altimetry

2. Monitoring Indus reservoirs with SWOT

Page 4: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Brahmaputra and Ganges basins Brahmaputra and Ganges basins • Brahmaputra: drainage area=574,000km2;

population=30 Millions; unmanaged.• Ganges: drainage area=1,065,000km2;

population=500 Millions; 34 dams/diversions.

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 4

Bangladesh

Page 5: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

IssueIssue• 90% of water flowing in Bangladesh comes from

India.• No India/Bangladesh real time data sharing.• Using in-situ measurements at its border ->

forecast in Bangladesh only with 2 or 3 days lead time.

• Study purpose: Use satellite-based water elevation upstream in India to forecast water elevation at the gauge locations (India/Bangladesh border).

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 5

Page 6: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Data used: in-situ measurementsData used: in-situ measurements

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 6

Page 7: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Data used: satellite altimetryData used: satellite altimetry• Topex/Poseidon (T/P) satellite altimeter.• Overlap with in-situ: January 2000/August

2002.• Data downloaded from HYDROWEB:

http://www.legos.obs-mip.fr/en/soa/hydrologie/hydroweb/

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 7

242_1166_1

014_1

116_2

T/P Virtual station

Distance from gage

Mean time between obs.

242_1 550 km 14 days

166_1 250 km 16 days

Mean time between obs.

Distance from gage

T/P Virtual station

12 days 1560 km 116_2

22 days 530 km 014_1

Page 8: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Methodology 1/2Methodology 1/2

• Compute the cross-correlation between upstream T/P and in-situ measurements:

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 8

Water level Correlation

Time Lead time00

0.6

k)(th(t)h

k)(th(t),h=n(k)Correlatio

altiinsitu

altiinsitu

stdevstdev

covwith k=lead time

k

0.8

k

Upstream:halti(t) Downstream;

hinsitu(t)

Page 9: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Methodology 2/2Methodology 2/2

• Compute scatter plot in-situ measurements & T/P measurements k days earlier.

• Use linear fit to forecast water level at gauge location from T/P measurements.

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 9

hin-situ(t)

0 halti(t-k)

Linear fit of hinsitu(t)=f[halti(t-k)]

Water level

0 Time

hinsitu (downstream)

k day lead time forecast

Page 10: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Results on the BrahmaputraResults on the Brahmaputra

• 5-day lead time Forecasts:

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 10

T/P virtual station 250 km upstream: T/P virtual station 550 km upstream:

5-day forecast RMSE ~ 0.5 m

5-day forecast RMSE ~ 0.5 m

Brahmaputra water elevation543210

-1-2-32000 2001 2002

Wat

er e

leva

tion

(m)

Brahmaputra water elevation543210

-1-2-32000 2001 2002

Wat

er e

leva

tion

(m)

In-situ

T/P forecast

Legend:

Page 11: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Results on the GangesResults on the Ganges

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 11

• 10-day lead time forecast:T/P virtual station 530 km upstream:

5-day forecast RMSE ~ 0.6 m

Ganges water elevation

6

4

2

0

-2

-42001 2001.4 2001.8

Wat

er e

leva

tion

(m)

10-day forecast RMSE ~ 0.9 m

Ganges water elevation

6

4

2

0

-2

-42001 2001.4 2001.8

Wat

er e

leva

tion

(m)

T/P virtual station 1560 km upstream:

• 5-day lead time forecast:

In-situ

T/P forecast

Legend:

Page 12: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

SWOT and the Brahmaputra/GangesSWOT and the Brahmaputra/Ganges

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 12

• SWOT = Water mask + water elevation (and river slope) with 2 or more observations per 22 days

Page 13: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Expected benefits from SWOTExpected benefits from SWOT• Higher precision on measurements -> better

forecasts.• More observations on the basin -> better time

sampling.• Water extent will improve inundation forecast:

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 13

Brahmaputra water elevation543210

-1-2-32000 2001 2002

Wat

er e

leva

tion

(m)

Brahmaputra water elevation

Dis

char

ge (

104 m

3 .S

-1) 7

6

5

4

3

2

1

02000 2001 2002

Page 14: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Conclusion for Brahmaputra/GangesConclusion for Brahmaputra/Ganges

• Forecasting water elevation from nadir altimeters with lead time between 5 day and 10 day.

• Expected improvement from SWOT due to water elev. + extent, better accuracy, global observation.

• Fore more details: Biancamaria et al., GRL, 38, L11401, “Forecasting transboundary river water elevations from space” (June 2011).

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 14

Page 15: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

OutlineOutline

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 15

1. Forecasting Brahmaputra/Ganges water elevations using satellite altimetry

2. Monitoring Indus reservoirs with SWOT

Page 16: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

SWOT and world lakes/reservoirsSWOT and world lakes/reservoirs

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 16

2 4 6 8 10SWOT visits per repeat cycle

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0Su

rfac

e ar

ea s

een

(10

6 km

2 )

Page 17: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Indus reservoirsIndus reservoirs

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 17

• Indus basin=1.14x106km2, 53% to Pakistan, 34% to India.

• 2008 filling of Baglihar reservoir by India.

• 2009 construction of Kishenganga dam.

-> Lack of information = difficulties in downstream water management

Page 18: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

SWOT and Indus reservoirsSWOT and Indus reservoirs

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 18

• Reservoirs are seen between 2 to 3 times per 22 days

Page 19: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Baglihar dam Baglihar dam

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 19

• Baglihar dam: 450 MW Run-of-river type– Pondage volume = 37.5 x 106 m3

– Full pondage level – dead storage level = 5 m-> Pondage area > 1 km2

5 m

37.5x106 m3

• SWOT requirements on lakes and reservoirs = 10 cm error on 1 km2 area.

-> SWOT should be able to observe Baglihar dam

Page 20: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Baglihar damBaglihar dam

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 20

• Reservoir in mountainous region = SWOT might be affected by layover.

• Layover=geometric distortion when radar beam reaches top of a tall feature before it reaches the base.

• Layover modeled by SARVisor for ALOS/PalSAR, 7° incidence angle (yellow=layover):

BagliharBaglihar

Ascending track: Descending track:

Page 21: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Kishenganga projectKishenganga project

• 330 MW hydro-power plant.• Layover modeled by SARVisor for ALOS/PalSAR,

7° incidence angle (yellow=layover):

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 21

Kishenganga

Ascending track: Descending track:

Kishenganga

Page 22: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Conclusion for Indus reservoirsConclusion for Indus reservoirs

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 22

• Hydro-electric reservoirs are needed to respond to the growing demand on electricity.

• Water management for downstream country is more difficult.

• Huge potential of SWOT to provide reservoir water volume changes

• Ongoing study to characterize layover on SWOT data and better quantifying SWOT accuracy and time sampling.

Page 23: Benefits of satellite altimetry for  transboundary  basins

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

27 Jul 2011 IGARSS 2011 - session WE2.T10 23


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