Benthos & Nekton - Wikispaces · PDF fileProf. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology ١...

Prof. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology

١

Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Benthos Benthos & Nekton& Nekton


ObjectivesObjectives• Definition.

• Some forms of phyto-benthos.

• Relationship between size of organisms and abundance.

• Marine Animals.

• Marine invertebrates.

• Coral reefs

• Marine vertebrates.

• Fish

• Mammals.

Kelp forest

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Softwarehttp://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.


٢


BenthosBenthos

Around

•All organisms living on or in or around substrate.

Around

In

On•Definition


plankton

Nekton

Benthos

pelagic



٣


Biozone

Pelagic Benthic

Neritic Oceanic Littoral

Supralittoral Subtidal

Intertidal

Highzone

Low zone

Mid zone



٤


• Benthos

Benthic Flora Benthic Fauna

SeagrassGreen Algae

Kelp Bed

Red Algae Brown Algae

Megafauna

Macrofauna Meiofauna

Microfauna


Kelp bed



٥


Aquatic VegetationsAquatic Vegetations

Kelp bed

Marsh grass

Seagrass BedMontaza Bay,Alexandria,

By Prof., HeshamMostafa



٦


Phylum Phaeophyta or Brown Algae

Phylum Rhodophytaor Red Algae

Seaweeds are large marine multicellular algae. These non-vascular plants are grouped as green, red and brown algae.

Phylum Chlorophyta or Green Algae



٧


Marine invertebratesl Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

l Phylum Cnidaria(Corals, Jellyfish)

l Phylum Mollusca (Clams, Snails, Octopi)

l Phylum Arthropoda(Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Copepods)

l Phylum Echinodermata(Sea Stars, Brittle Stars)

l Marine worms (Polychaeta, Nematode)

Marine vertebrates

Marine Animals

RReellaattiioonnsshhiipp BBeettwweeeenn SSiizzee OOff OOrrggaanniissmmss AAnndd AAbbuunnddaannccee

the more , The smaller they are

.abundant they tend to be



٨

Phylum Cnidaria (Corals, Jellyfish

Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

The contribution Of sponges to total benthic productivity is

usually minor

Phylum Cnidaria Fossil coral

Coral reefs support rich ecosystems

Jellyfish

Jonathan Bird



٩

Snails

Octopus

Bivalve

Phylum Arthropoda (Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Copepods)

Phylum Mollusca (Clams, Snails, Octopi)



١٠

Marine worms (Polychaeta, Nematodes)

Polychaeta

Oligochaete worms

Leeches

Nematodes

Turbellarian flatworms

Serpulid worm

Phylum Echinodermata (Sea Stars, Brittle Stars)

Sea urchins Sea urchins

Sunflower starfish



١١


Coral ReefsCoral Reefs

• Coral reefs are aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water. High nutrient levels such as those found in runoff from agricultural areas can harm the reef by encouraging the growth of Algae.

http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/



١٢

The stony corals which have formed a symbiotic partnership with tiny algae Zooxanthellae.



١٣

Coral Bleaching

• Marine Vertebrates


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/BU_Bio.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg


١٤

Marine Vertebrates

Marine Vertebrates

Tunicates Birds

Lancelets Reptiles

Fish Amphibians

Mammals

MMaarriinnee VVeerrtteebbrraatteess



١٥


•• NektonNekton• They are active swimming aquatic organisms in active swimming aquatic organisms in

a body of water (usually oceans or lakes) able a body of water (usually oceans or lakes) able

to move independently of water currents.to move independently of water currents.

•• Nekton are contrasted with planktonNekton are contrasted with plankton

CephalochordateLancelet

(Brainless fish)

TTuunniiccaatteess : :sseeaa ssqquuiirrttss


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/BU_Bio.jpg


١٦


Fish

Jawless Fish

Cartilaginous

FishBony Fish

The jawless fish, lamprey and

hagfish are the most primitive

vertebrates

Lamprey

Hagfish

Suction mouth of lamprey



١٧

Cartilaginous

fish

Clearnose skate

Pacific electric ray

Manta ray

White

Hammerhead

Cartilaginous

fish



١٨



Giant Grouper, the world's biggest bony fish



١٩

Egyptian Commercial Bony Fish • Family Sparidae

Diplodus sp

Sparus sp Pagrus sp

Boops sp

لمجا لم

ني ل

غي لش

MMaarriinnee MMaammmmaallss==BB

Otters Polar bear

Dolphin


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calamus_bajonado.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pagrus_pargus_1_by_Line1.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sparus_aurata.Dourada.jpg


٢٠

Sea lions walrus

Seals Manatees

Dugongs, or sea cows as they are sometimes called, are marine animals which can grow to about three metres in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms. They are the only marine mammals in Australia that live mainly on plants. The name sea cow refers to the fact that they graze on the seagrasses, which form meadows in sheltered coastal waters. As dugongs feed, whole plants are uprooted and a telltale-feeding trail is left. Dugongs are more closely related to elephants than to marine mammals such as whales and dolphins, but manatees are their closest living


Date post:	07-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	doancong
View:	247 times
Download:	4 times

Benthos & Nekton - Wikispaces · PDF fileProf. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology ١...

Documents