Emergence/seedling Vegetative Boltingestablishment
Flowering Seed development/ Seed maturation dessication
25 DAP 50DAP 70 DAP
90 DAP 125/165 DAP 190 DAP
Brassica carinata
Maximizing Yield Potential
Grain Yield
Crop improvement
Crop rotation
Plant nutrition
Tillage
Plant density
Planting Date
Harvest management
Weed control
Insect control
Disease control
Irrigation
Yield Protecting Factors Yield Building Factors
3500 lb seed/acre
200 gal oil/acre
Pod number, seeds per pod
Best Management Practices
High yielding genotypes
Value of variety or genotype testing –each evaluatedfor maturity, yield and oil content and quality
Jay
Quincy
Citra
Optimum planting date
Planting date
Oct. 21 Nov. 13 Dec. 13
Yie
ld (
lb/a
cre
)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Agrisoma 814
Agrisoma 994 Planting date
Variety
Optimum N application rate
N application rate (lb/acre)
0 40 80 120
Yie
ld (
lb/a
cre
)
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
Disk
Chisel
N uptake and removal
N timing and rate
N source
N Use screening
N and tillage method
Optimum seeding rate and row spacing
Row spacing (inches)
7 14 21 35
Yie
ld (
lb/a
cre
)
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
70002.7 lb/A
5.4
8.0
10.7
Seeding rate
Row spacing
Harvest management
Timing of chemical
desiccant
Timing of swathing
Timing of Swathing and Chemical Desiccation on Carinata Grain Yield (Quincy, FL)
Date of swathing/spraying
May 7 May 14 May 21 May 28
Yie
ld (
lb/a
cre
)
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000Swathing Chemical desiccationFinal harvest
Row spacing effects on carinata grain and oil yield and fatty acid composition
Row Spacing
Grain Yield Oil Yield Oil Protein Fatty acid composition (%)
cm kg/ha l/ha % C 16:0 C 18:0 C 18:1 C 18:2 C 18:3 C 20:1 C 22:1
18 4139 b 2156 b 42.1 a 28.3 ab 3.0 b 1.1 a 11.3 a 16.2 a 13.1 a 9.6 ab 37.3 b
36 6840 a 3557 a 41.7 a 28.3 ab 3.0 b 1.1 a 11.6 a 16.4 a 12.8 b 9.8 a 37.2 b
54 3724 b 1927 b 41.7 a 29.1 a 3.1 a 1.1 a 10.7 a 16.2 a 13.2 a 9.4 b 38.2 a
90 2497 c 1316 c 42.6 a 28.0 b 3.0 b 1.1 a 11.6 a 16.2 a 13.1 a 9.7 ab 37.7 ab
LSD 1066 524 1.17 0.92 0.07 0.03 1.11 0.61 0.27 0.35 0.82
Variety selection- yield, maturity
Fertility (soil test P, K, Ca, Mg, micros)
Soil moisture at plant
Rotations (winter crop before soybean,
sorghum, sesame, etc., ALS herbicides?)
Planting date (Nov. 1-30)
High quality treated seed (6-7 kg/ha)
Firm seedbed or conservation till
Weed control at plant without wild radish, be careful for residual herbicides
N applied at 20-40 kg/ha at plant followed by 70 kg/ha late Jan. early Feb.
Insect and disease control- scout and apply insecticides as needed
Timely harvest (8-10%) moisture
High impact production practices
Carinata Production in Florida
C.M. Bliss1, R. Seepaul
1, D.L. Wright
1, J.J. Marois
1, R. Leon
2, N. Dufault
3, S. George
1, S.M. Olson
1
Brassica carinata is a promising oilseed crop with
great potential for profitable cultivation in Florida. Its
high oil content and favorable fatty acid profile make
it suitable for the biofuel industry, especially as a
biojet fuel. The University of Florida’s North Florida
Research and Education Center (NFREC) in Quincy,
FL, has been working with Agrisoma Biosciences Inc.
to identify advanced carinata genotypes that are high
yielding (seed and oil), disease resistant, early
maturing, and adapted to Florida. Agrisoma
Biosciences Inc. has the world’s largest collection of
carinata germplasm.
B. carinata, commonly called Ethiopian mustard, is
native to the Ethiopian highlands. Carinata is a
member of the mustard family, Brassicaceae, and has
a high glucosinolate content. It is heat and drought
tolerant and can withstand weather extremes.
Figure 1. From field to flight
Planting —Potential yield reduction may occur with planting too early or late.
Frost/freeze damage—There is a potential of significant cold weather events damaging young plants or plants with early lush growth.
Diseases—Although significant losses due to disease in carinata have not occurred in Florida, scouting and control may be necessary.
Residual herbicide—Carinata is sensitive to certain residual herbicides, especially routine chemicals applied to cotton and peanuts. Significant crop damage may occur if planted before prescribed planting intervals.
Harvesting green, immature stems—Carinata stalks are tougher than canola or other mustards. Green stems will delay the harvesting process and use more energy.
Harvest losses—Allowing pods to dry beyond optimal maturity may result in excessive shattering while harvesting, resulting in considerable loss in yield.
Production Challenges