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An introduction to EVsEV School presents:

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Made By: Rahul Pandey (03215004911) BTECH. IV YEARMSIT, JANAKPURI, NEW DELHIAny vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or indirectly provide propulsion power is a hybrid.

ExamplesTrains ---Diesel-Electric HybridCars & SUVs- Gasoline- Electric HybridSubmarines- Nuclear Electric,Diesel-Electric

Hybrid Vehicle

Gasoline Electric Hybrid VehicleHybrid electric vehicles ("HEVs") = Internal combustion engine + electric motor powered by batteries.

Commonly Mistaken with Electric Vehicle.

Less fuel than traditional counterparts and without recharging.Same as driving any other conventional vehicle.

We all have owned a hybrid Vehicle at sometime. E.g. Moped

Gasoline Power vs. Electric PowerGas-powered carElectric-powered carIt has a fuel tank, which suppliesgasolineto the engine. The engine then turns atransmission, which turns the wheels.

On the other hand, it has a set ofbatteriesthat provides electricity to anelectric motor. The motor turns a transmission, and then it turns the wheels.

Electric Powered CarAdvantagesDisadvantages Advantages over vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs):

Energy efficient.Environmentally friendly.Performance benefits.Reduce energy dependence.

EVs do, however, face significant battery-related challenges:

Driving range.Recharge time.Battery cost:Bulk & weight: Pollution caused by conventional carsIncreasing prices of fuel day by dayFuel is a limited natural sourceBetter Mileage

In fact, gasoline-fueled HEVs are among a select few vehicle technologies that can dramatically increase fuel economy, while reducing pollution and delivering top safety and performance.

Why alternative needed?

Typical View of Gasoline- Electric Hybrid Vehicle

Regenerative BrakingElectric Motor Drive/AssistAutomatic Start/ShutoffUse low-rolling resistance tiresUse lightweight materials

Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include

SERIES HYBRID VEHICLE

PARALLEL HYBRID VEHICLE

SERIES PARALLEL HYBRID VEHICLEVarious type of hybrid vehicle

Chevrolet Volt Series Hybrid

Ford EscapeSeries Parallel HybridHonda InsightParallel Hybrid

Simplest hybrid configuration. Electric motor is the only means of providing power .Engine size is smallerThe battery pack more powerful .Series hybrids more expensive .Engine in a series hybrid is not coupled to the wheels.Series drivetrains perform best in stop-and-go driving .

Series HybridPOWER FLOW IN SERIES HYBRIDGasoline motor turns a generatorGenerator may either charge the batteries or power an electric motor that drives the transmissionAt low speeds is powered only by the electric motor

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Components included in a typical series hybrid design.

Both the engine and the electric motor generate the power that drives the wheels.Smaller battery pack. Engine is connected directly to the wheels.Quite efficient on the highway. Operates inefficiently in stop-and-go driving.

Parallel Hybrid

The power flowin a typical parallel hybrid vehicle.

Merges the advantages and complications of the parallel and series.Engine can both drive the wheels directly and be effectively disconnected from the wheels . The Toyota Prius ,new Ford Escape Hybrid. Engine operates at near optimum efficiency more often. This system incurs higher costs than a pure parallel hybrid. It needs a generator, a larger battery pack, and more computing power to control the dual systemIt has potential to perform better.

Series/Parallel Hybrid

You can get the best mileage from a hybrid car by using the same kind of driving habits that give you better mileage in your gasoline-engine car:

Drive slowerMaintain a constant speedAvoid abrupt stops

HYBRID MILEAGE TIPS

Advantages of HEVsUse less oil than ICEEmit less CO2 than ICEFuel efficiency increasedLess overall massRegenerative brakingBattery level efficiencyTax incentives

Battery capacity reduces by time, even you do not use it. This will impact fuel economy

Fuel economy is dependant on battery capacity19TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The Honda Insights battery pack120 Panasonic 1.2-volt cells (total 144 V) Nickel metal hydride 100A discharge, and 50A charge rates The system limits the usable capacity to 4ah to extend battery lifeTime of battery changing is longBatteries are heavy (100kg extra weight consumes 2L/100km more)Batteries are expensiveLow performance in hot or cold temperatures also may damage the batteryVery sensitive to overcharge/undercharge(Battery life reduces dramatically)Contain toxic heavy metals, disposal issue

Opportunity for researchers:Advance research projects on batteries are supported by governments and industriesTECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESCurrently more expensive than conventionalHeavier than conventional, due to battery pack and electric motors weightLimited battery lifeExpensive battery pack if you want to replace itSafety issues, high voltage battery and fuelReliability, still under study,More complex computer controlled systemsMay have drivability issuesExpensive to repairTowing CapacityDISADVANTAGES OF HYBRID CARS

CAN A HYBRID VEHICLE SAVE ME MONEY?In terms of:

1.MSRP2.KPL3.SAVING ON FUEL YEARLY4.PAYBACK PERIOD

Hybrid ModelNon-hybrid Model2014 Honda Accord Hybrid EX-L2014 Honda Accord EX-L2.0 L, 4 cyl, Automatic (variable gear ratios)2.4 L, 4 cyl, Automatic (variable gear ratios)MSRP$32,695$29,060Combined KPL1712.75The hybrid vehicle's MSRP is$3,635 more.Estimated Fuel Savings with HybridWeeklyMonthlyYearly$12.12

Years to Payback: 5.8 yrs$52.50

( the years required price will meet the$630

in which the saving on fuel difference in hybrid car price.

Knowing what's under the hood of hybrid electric vehicles will help you evaluate the available choices in the market. Enjoy driving into the future!CONCLUSIONS1.) http://www.fueleconomy.gov2.) http://auto.howstuffworks.com3.) http://www.ucsusa.org4.) http://www.greenhybrid.com5.) http://autos.aol.com6.)http://wikipedia.org7.)http://www.afdc.energy.gov

References:Thanks for your patience.