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Cement- CEM I 32,5 R (DIN EN 197-1)- upon coordination with the customer the following cements can also be used:- CEM II/A-Soder CEM II/B-S- CEM II/A-T oder CEM II/B-T - CEM II/A-L - CEM III/A - for CEM I 32,5 R- < 28 % required water (DIN EN 196-3)- compressive strength, 2 days < 29 N/mm (DIN EN 196-1)- 3.500 cm/g fineness of grinding (DIN EN 196-6)
- requirements for all cements - total alkali content < 1,0 M% (required) - cement temperature < 80C (if possible)New RegulationsFolie #[email protected] Table of Contents New Regulations in Germany (Requirements to be met) Placement of Concrete / Laying Technology Paver Compacted Concrete Noise-reduced Traffic / Open porous Concrete (Draining Concrete)
Folie #[email protected] RegulationsZTV Beton StB 01 (StB = Road Construction)(Supplementary Technical Conditions of Contract, Specifications andGuidelines for the Construction of Concrete Pavements)The new Edition 2001Includes new technical developments in the constructionof concrete pavementsFolie #[email protected] RegulationsThe ZTV Beton - StB 01 includes: Modifications of the VOB Part C (12.2000) (VOB = General Technical Conditions of Contract) ZTV Fug-StB 01 (Supplementary Technical Conditions of Contract, Specifications and Guidelines for sealants and joint fillings in traffic areas) Description of burlap (Special kind of surface treatment) Construction method using geotextil as a layer between concrete pavement and road base Cement requirements New construction methods (two layer wet in wet) Skid resistance requirements Folie #[email protected]/m2 New RegulationsPavement construction: The concrete pavement can consist of one or two layers Thickness of top layer > 4 cm The thickness of total pavement depends on the RStO 01 (RStO = Guidelines for the Standardization for Pavement Structures for Traffic Areas)3 examples for construction class SV (heavy traffic load) concrete pavementgeotextil120 27 cm 15 cm42 cmasphalt stabilized base 120 45MN/m2
26 cm10 cm36 cmcrushed-rock base
150 45 MN/m2
30 cm30 cm60cmconcrete pavementconcrete pavementcement stabilized base (HGT)subbasefrost-resistant materialsubbasefrost-resistant materialsubbasefrost-resistant materialFolie #[email protected] RegulationsAlternative concrete construction method: 2 layer-concrete on standard-pavement structure crushed-rock baseThe advantages of thick concrete pavement with a thin upper layer of concrete are: Improved skid resistance Reduction of noise Guarantee of covered dowels Use of recycled broken-up material in the lower concrete layerconcretepavementfrost-resistantmaterial27 cm15 cm42 cmcrushed-rock base (unbound base)30 cm30 cm60 cm4 cm = top layer geotextilconcretepavementcement stabilized base (HGT)frost-resistantmaterial26 cm = bottom layerFolie #[email protected] Regulations concrete aggregates- DIN 4226-1 (German Industrial Standard)- TL Min StB (Technical Conditions for the Supply of Minerals for Road Construction)- Limitation of swelling components- Increased frost resistance requirements- A percentage of crushed aggregates is required- High quality crushed aggregates with resistance to polishing (PSV = polished stone value)- The alkali guidelines of DAfStb shall be includedFolie #[email protected] RegulationsConcrete requirementsConstructionclass
Minimum values of 28-day-old-concreteSize of aggregates-groupes
[mm]Compressive strength onthe cube with 20 cm edge lengths
[N/mm]Beam-tensile strength
[N/mm]1 2 345SV, I - IV
35 405,50/2, 2/8, > 80/4, 4/8, > 80/2, < 8* *for 8 mm maximum aggregate sizeV - VI 25 304,00/4, > 4- Cement content of construction class SV, I, II, III: > 350 kg/m- Water-cement ratio in tests for construction classes SV, I, II, III: < 0,45- Mixing time: > 45 secondsZTV Beton Tab.1traffic loadFolie #[email protected] RegulationsConcrete requirementsAir void volume of fresh concrete Micro air void with air-entraining agent guarantee a high frost-deicing salt- resistance in the concrete.Minimum air void volume of fresh concrete
daily average individual values [Vol.-%] [Vol.-%]Concrete without plasticizer (BV)or plasticizing agent (FM)4,0 3,5Concrete with plasticizer (BV) and/or plasticizing agent (FM)5,0 4,5ZTV Beton Tab. 2Folie #[email protected] New RegulationsConcrete requirements Observing minimum strengths (table 1) Observing the air void volume (table 2) Tolerance of the pavement thickness (< 5 mm on the test specimen) Max. 20 (50) mm shifting of the positon of the dowles < 0,5 % deviation for the crossfall < 4 mm evenness with 4m-long-measuring rod Observing values for skid resistance TP Griff-StB (SCRIM) (table 4) Measuring speeds [km/h] Limiting values SCRIM Acceptance Until expiry of term of limitation406080 0,60 0,56 0,53 0,50 0,46 0,43ZTV Beton Tab. 4Folie #[email protected] RegulationsSurface treatment and curing Construction classes SV, I, II, III Final polishing element = longitudinal polisher Finishing surface treatment by means of 300 g/m burlap or 45 cm wide steel broom Wider new methodes for finishing surface are burlap with comp artificial grass and wash concrete (remove the fine mortar)
- When the surface is completed, a curing agent as per TL NBM-StB shall be applied. Densifying coefficient: S > 75 % It is suitable to use curing agents with increased brightness referenz value (with colour value) VH-W oder VM-W. Joint cutting Transverse joint: cutting depth 25 - 30 % of the thickness Longitudinal joint: cutting depth 40 - 45 % of the thicknessFolie #[email protected] smoother Laying technology
Folie #[email protected] technology
burlap
Folie #[email protected] transverse steel-broom line Laying technology
Folie #[email protected] technology
wash-concrete surface (Germany)
Folie #[email protected] application curing-agent Laying technology
Folie #[email protected],504,253,754,502,50 m12,50 m5,00 m5,00 m12 %frost-resistant graveland sand materialTransverse contraction joint,with dowels Spacingof dowels 25 cmshoulderlaneexternallanecentrallaneinternallaneLongitudinal contraction joints, 3 or 5 tie bars per slab Laying technologyExample of BAB 5 expresshighway:concrete pavement structure + positions of dowels and tie barsconcrete pavement 26 cm (19+7)cement stabilized baseFolie #[email protected]
dummy joint-cut (to prevent wild cracks)bituminous joint filleror joint profilenotchcement stabilized base (HGT)Joint technologyFolie #[email protected] technology
dummy joint - longitudinal - transverse for expansion
Folie #[email protected] pressed joint sinus profil wich does not allow expansion (only in aircraft movement areas) Joint technology
Folie #[email protected] plant / supply of cement
Folie #[email protected] of aggregates
Folie #[email protected] Laying technology concrete pavement - two layers slipform paver
Folie #[email protected] setting machine Laying technology
Folie #[email protected] concrete pavements
1921First continuously reinforced pavements in United States Virginia (60 m long slabs of different reinforcements)from 1947Inter-States network in the United States is partly produced with reinforcementuntil 199416.000 km of the Inter-States network are reinforcedfrom 1970BelgiumBrussel-Lttich motorwayfurther applications in Belgium, Spain, UKuntil 1994Belgium 2.950 kmfrom 1982France10 km of the A 6 motorway near Auxerreuntil 19943,5 Mio m of reinforced pavement
Reinforced pavementsFolie #[email protected] Reinforced pavements (France)Reinforcement 16 mm-dia. round steel, longitudinal/transverse percentage of reinforcement 0,6 - 0,8 %
alternatively: flat rolled steel bands 40 - 44 mm wide2 - 3 mm thick (galvanized, with knobs) percentage of reinforcement0,30 % (higher tensile yield point)Layout:1/31/2> 60-70 mm reinforcement layer in thecompression zoneFolie #[email protected] technology reinforced concrete pavement (slipform paver)
Folie #[email protected] Laying technology control of reinforcement (slipform paver)
Folie #[email protected] pavement Paver Compacted Concrete
Folie #[email protected] Compacted Concrete (PCC)
PCC is laid with conventional road pavers equiped with High-Power- Compaction Screeds (HPCS)PCC is compacted from the surface with tamping,vibrating and pressing compacting systems
Construction- Single-layer or two-layer construction (fresh on fresh)- For use as base course or combined base and wearing course- Favorable paving depth (15 20 cm)Construction material- PCC 0/16 mm, if required with air entraining agent- Aggregate > 8 mm double screened chippings, or chippings (eFT)- Concrete strength C25/30 up to C40/50 are achievableCost- Substantially lower cost compared with conventional concrete- About 8 - 13 /qm without joints (depending: concrete strength, paving depth, working width)
Folie #[email protected] Compacted Concrete (PCC)
Applications - Base for roads and traffic surfaces built in two-layer construction according to RStO-Class SV, I VI- Industrial roads; bus lanes; draw-ins- Farm tracks; footpaths and cycle paths- Crossings; yards; car parks- Industrial surfaces; exhibition grounds Advantages- High quality achieved with low requirement for equipment and personnel- Very good surface accuracy (longitudinal and traversal)- Suitable for two-layer construction (pavers operating in echelon)- Density of >98% achieved right behind the High-Power-Compaction Screed- Very good green-stability (90edge)- High resistance to wear- High paving performance (60 120 m/h)- Joints can be produced or cut in the fresh concrete- Distance between joints 5 7 m- Easy, efficient, economical Folie #[email protected]
Noise-reduced trafficNoise-reduced concrete pavement draining-concrete
Folie #[email protected] pavement
Folie #[email protected] pavement
Folie #[email protected]
draining-concrete = top layer Concrete pavement draining-concreteconcrete orPCC (Paver Compacted Concrete) orcement stabilized base = bottom layerFolie #[email protected] draining-concrete (special slipform paver)
Folie #[email protected] and structure of draining-concrete
Folie #[email protected] and structure of draining-concrete
Folie #[email protected] porous concrete draining concreteAdvantages- very high noise reduction possible by 7 dB(A)- high sound absorption (up to 98 % within critical frequency ranges)- good drainage characteristics, i.e. no splash water jets, no aquaplaning- high level of road safety on dry and wet roads- very good transverse and longitudinal evenness- high skid resistance- good non-skid qualities in respect of dry and wet roadway surfaces- good reflections properties- good brightness of surface- high load-bearing capacity (D, BZ, HZ at cavity content > 20 Vol.-%)- high deformation stability, i.e. no tracking grooves, consistently freely accessible pore space- favourable thermal properties, i.e. high driving safety in dark and wet conditions- top concrete layer can be constructed without joints- old, loud pavings can be built over (wearing course, superimposition of top layers)
Folie #[email protected] concrete composition
Concrete strength class: > C 25/30Aggregates: double crushed and screend chippings 5/8 mm 1450 1500 kg/m3 Cement: CEM I 32,5 R 300 350 kg/m3 Water: only fresh water 50 55 kg/m3Plastic dispersion: 20% of cement weight (10% solids) 60 70 kg/m3Water-cement ratio: 0,24 0,26 (effective)Consistency: (Compacting factor test) v 1,30 1,34Cavity content: P > 20 Vol.-%Compressive strength: D > 25 N/mm2Beam-tensile strength: BZ > 4,5 N/mm2Tensile splitting strength: SZ > 2,7 N/mm2Adhesive pull strength: HZ > 3,0 N/mm2Static modulus of elasticity: EB 16000 18000 N/mm2
Folie #[email protected] of draining-concrete on test section A5
Folie #[email protected]
Noise measurement resultsFolie #[email protected]
Measurement noise spectrumFolie #[email protected]
Measurement absorption spectrumFolie #[email protected] AG
Thank you very much!
Folie #[email protected]
