EUROPE POST WWITHE GREAT DEPRESSION

RISE OF TOTALITARIANISMSTALIN'S RUSSIA

RISE OF JAPAN RISE OF NAZI PARTY AND THE ROAD TO WAR

Between the Wars

Ash WednesdayAgenda

1. Drill

2. Pray

3. You need packets?

4. Emiliano Zapata

5. HW: Vocab

Drill

In the Mexican Revolution, for what were they fighting?

Spanish rule, taken land, lack of freedoms

What to highlight…

Who is he?

What did he do?

Where?

When?

Why?

Emiliano Zapata

Who -

What -

Where -

When -

Why -

What to highlight… and write on the back of the

sheet…Who is he? – Mestizo Mexican

Revolutionary

What did he do? – Took money and land from rich to redistribute

Where? - Mexico

When? – 1910 – 1920s

Why? – Mexicans being suppressed as farm workers;

Emiliano Zapata

Who -

What -

Where -

When -

Why -

February 14 Agenda

1. Drill

2. Pray

3. German Coal P.C.

4. Between the Wars Notes

Drill: What treaty ended WWI and how was Germany effected?

The Treaty of Versailles forced billions in reparations on Germany which they could not afford, ruining their economy.

Political Cartoon…

The Uneasy Peace

The Treaty of Versailles was really nothing but a patch over a festering wound It did not settle the border disputes that

caused WWI The industrial and mineral “heart "of

Germany was occupied by France (the Ruhr Valley)

French began operating the factories here to pay for the Reparations of the Treaty of Versailles

Germany

THE GERMAN WEIMAR REPUBLIC WAS CREATED IN 1918 AND DID NOT HAVE A STRONG LEADER AT THE OUTSET OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION

IT FACED MANY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS INFLATION MILLIONS OF UNEMPLOYED FOOD SHORTAGES AND RIOTS COLLAPSED BANKING SYSTEMS

GOVERNMENT WAS UNABLE TO DO ANYTHING AND THE COUNTRY WAS ON THE BRINK OF SHUTTING DOWN

German ResponseGerman workers

went on StrikeGovernment paid

them by printing more money

This lead to Inflation

By 1923 in took 4 trillion German Marks to = $1.00

Dawes PlanThe German People

were suffering badlyAmerican Diplomat

H.W. Dawes instituted a plan: America loaned German

$200 Million American investors began

to help German factories Reduced reparation

payment to what Germany could afford

Recovery

In 1925 Germany and France signed The Treaty of Locarno. It guaranteed the German Western Borders and return of the Ruhr Region

Germany joined the League of Nations in 1926

Germany signed the Kellogg-Brand Act of 1928, joining 63 nations in outlawing war

However, Germany was still in a lot of Economic trouble and was just starting to get better when October 1929 hit.

Germany

Just as things started to get better the Great Depression Hit

As Bad as things were before they got worseUnemployment hit 42%Food riots continued throughout the countryPeople wanted a strong leader and feared a

communist take over

Genesis of WWII:Nations of the Modern World

Germany

The Great Depression

Great Britain Japan

Italy

The Great Depression

Depression – a time of low economic activity and high unemployment.

It started in the USA, but quickly spread to Europe and then the world.

American Investors pulled their money out of German Factories and effectively destroyed German production- the country could not afford to keep the factories open

This started the unemployment process

The Great Depression

To protect their own companies and jobs countries started to raise High Tariffs and lower pay for employees

The global trade network shut down, things got worse

This lead to more job loss, in average as high as 25%

Streets started to fill with the poor and unemployed

Governments did not know what to do

France

Post WWI it was a strong Imperial and European power

In 1932 it could no longer escape the effects of the great Depression and became politically unstable

In 1936 a group called the Popular Front (A workers communist group) began fighting for workers rights using Collective Bargaining This is a process of Unionization where all employees

are represented by this group and receive the benefits of its work

They got all French workers a 40 hour work week, two weeks of paid vacation and a minimum wage

But all this did was slow down the depression, it did not solve it

Great Britain

Britain never really recovered from the loss of life in WWI and had a slow economy going into the Great Depression

At the onset of the depression many more people lost their jobs and demand for goods sank John Maynard Keyes identified this problem and

stated that the reason the depression existed was that people were not buying goods and that as soon as people started buying goods again the depression would dissipate.

Great Britain

He proposed that government start public works jobs Build Highways and power plants This would get people jobs and get people to buy goods Then private industry would need more employees for its

factories as the people will want to buy more goodsThis would cause governments to take on deficit

spending The spending of money that the government does not have

today but will repay-itself later or going into Debt to itself

Italy

Post WWI it was in political, social and economic upheaval

Politically people feared a communist take over like in Russia

Economically they could not get the soldiers coming home the jobs that they needed and lead to high unemployment

Socially the farming system was in chaos as many of the young men died in the war and food was a scarce resource

Rise of Japan

Post WWI was a good time for Japan

Industry Increased as did trade

Zaibatsu- large financial and industrial business emerged

4 of these including Mitsubishi and Honda would dominate Japanese Industry

Rise of Japan

To run these industries Japan needed more raw materials

Began more trade with the USA

Helped to enforce China’s “open door policy”

But they wanted more

Rise of Japan

Wealth became concentrated among a few

So when the Great Depression hit it caused food shortages Inflation Unemployment

People called for a return to Traditional Values

Rise of Japan

In 1929 a group of Army Officers gained control of Japans political system

They decide to invade all of Manchuria and make it “Japanese”

They wanted to end all contact with the west and make “Asia for Asians”

The people supported these military groups and expanded the role of the Military in Japan

Rise of Japan

With the invasion of Manchuria the threat of Depression did not hit Japan as hard as the rest of the world

Japan then set its sites on China and prepared to wage war for more raw materials and Military greatness

February 15, 2013Agenda

Drill/Pray

Fill in the Notes

Drill

What was the Weimer Republic’s effect on Germany?

Printing money to pay reparations result in rapid inflation and the economy to collapse

Go to My Teacher Page on AQ Website

Click Global IIDownload BETWEEN THE WARS

HYPERMEDIA POWERPOINT

Press F5 and fill in the remainder of yesterday’s notes

February 25, 2013

Agenda

1. Drill

2. Pray

3. Go over Worksheet

4. World Wide Depression Walkaround

Drill

What problems did Germany face, prompting the rise of Hitler?

Unemployment (Great Depression)InflationWeak government (Weimer)Food shortagesRiots

A Weimer Republic

Why was it weak?

The Weimar Republic faced many problems.  Perhaps the greatest danger was 'the weakness within' - the constitution gave the President, the states and the army too much power, whilst proportional voting meant that the Reichstag was divided and weak.  In 1919-23, extremists on both the Left (especially the Spartacist revolt) and the Right (especially the Kapp Putsch) tried to overthrow the government.

  The worst crisis occurred in 1923, when the French invaded to try to force Germany to pay reparations.  This led to hyperinflation and a number of rebellions (particularly Hitler's Munich Putsch).

B What caused German inflation? What was the effect?

Invasion-Inflation: the crisis of 1923The cause of the trouble was Reparations – the

government paid them by printing more money, causing inflation.  In January 1923, Germany failed to make a payment, and France invaded the Ruhr.  This humiliated the government, which ordered a general strike, and paid the strikers by printing more money, causing hyperinflation: In Berlin on 1 October 1923, soldiers calling themselves Black

Reichswehr rebelled, led by Bruno Buchrucker. The Rhineland declared independence (21–22 October). In Saxony and Thuringia the Communists took power. The German Mark became worthless

C. What was the Dawes Plan?

The Dawes Plan of 1924The Dawes Plan of 1924 was formulated to take

Weimar Germany out of hyperinflation and to return Weimar’s economy to some form of stability. The Dawes Plan got its name as the man who headed the committee was an American called Charles Dawes.

The Treaty of Versailles had imposed huge reparation payments on Weimar Germany to pay for the damage caused by World War One. It soon became clear that Weimar Germany was simply incapable of paying out the instalments required by Versailles. This ended in 1923 with French and Belgian troops occupying the Ruhr – Germany’s most productive industrial area. The workers there went on strike which simply exacerbated Weimar Germany’s economic standing. By 1924, the country was in dire financial straits.

D. What was the Kellog Briand Pact?

The Kellogg–Briand Pact (also called the Pact of Paris, formal name: General Treaty for the Renunciation of War) was signed on August 27, 1928 by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Japan, and a number of other states. The pact renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense.[1] It made no provisions for sanctions. The pact was the result of a determined American effort to avoid involvement in the European alliance system. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on September 4, 1929.[2]

E. Draw a scene that reflects the valueless German Mark

This scene should be something you come up with. It could be a political cartoon, a drawing or anything…but not nothing.

F. What event is considered the most significant event of the US Depression?

On October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression (1929-39), the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world up to that time.

After October 29, 1929, stock prices had nowhere to go but up, so there was considerable recovery during succeeding weeks. Overall, however, prices continued to drop as the United States slumped into the Great Depression, and by 1932 stocks were worth only about 20 percent of their value in the summer of 1929. The stock market crash of 1929 was not the sole cause of the Great Depression, but it did act to accelerate the global economic collapse of which it was also a symptom. By 1933, nearly half of America's banks had failed, and unemployment was approaching 15 million people, or 30 percent of the workforce.

G. What were 3 effects of the Great Depression?

The Great Depression, which began in 1929, resulted in the most serious disruption in European economic life since the advent of industrialization. Despite numerous problems, mostly related to the Great War and the Versailles Treaty, by the mid-1920s mild optimism had appeared justified. A reduction of reparation payment schedules and a growing atmosphere of trust, suggested that Europe's troubles could be resolved peacefully. The widespread development of new products like the radio and the automobile further supported the optimistic mood. Yet these signs proved tragically misleading. The economy of the West crashed when the largely unregulated speculation on the New York stock exchanges permitted a rapid sell-off of securities that created a ripple effect throughout the world economy. Every nation of Europe was seriously affected. In all countries that were still democratic, assaults were made on the parliamentary system of government. Great Britain and France managed to survive by accepting multi-party political coalitions and economic ideas not dreamed of in the prewar era. Germany, Italy, and Russia, however, had established systems of government that utilized organized and violent control over the citizenry. The vast economic reorganization of Russia, instituted by Stalin, brought untold hardship on Soviet citizens. The industrial machine created by the five-year plan, and admired by many in the West, was oiled by the blood of millions. Germany, the most severely struck by the Depression, fell into the grasp of Hitler and the National Socialist (Nazi) party, which brutally eliminated opponents, real or imagined, while embarking on a rearmament program that helped reverse the economic damage caused by the economic collapse. In Italy, the impact of economic reorganization under state control was less clear, in part because it was obscured by early mobilization for war. Before the lessons of the Great Depression could be fully digested, Europe found itself embroiled in a second world war that proved longer and even more devastating than the first.

H. “America came down with a cold and the world caught the flu”

…explain the quote in your own words

February 26, 2013Agenda

1. Drill

2. Pray

3. Nazis Rise to power

4. Shame at Nuremburg Vid/Doc

5. Characteristics of Fascists

Drill

“America came down with a cold, and the world caught the flu.”What does this quote mean?

The American economy collapsed in the Great Depression, which started there, and the rest of the world’s economy also suffered greatly.

Nazi Rise to Power

Propaganda1.

Posters (Red)

2. Mein Kampf

Hitler promised Lebensraum (or living space)

The Weimer Republic could not

handle the

economy

Too many political parties

(America had to step in

and save them)

The Great Depres-

sion

Hitler appoin

ted Chancellor by

the conser-vative party

PAGE PEGA

Shame at Nuremburg

February 27, 2013Agenda

1. Pray

2. Drill

3. Comparing Fascism and Nazism

4. Appeasement Letters

Drill

How did the Nazis rise to power in Germany? (take a PAGE out of Hitler’s book, Mein Kampf)

P-PropagandaA-Appointment to

ChancellorG-Great DepressionE-Economic Issues

Characteristics

Country

Reason for Popularity

Career before Dictatorship

How did they assume power

Method of Control

Promise

1. Fiery Orator2. Autocratic/Totalitarian Policies3. Absolutism4. Supported by Middle Class5. Killed Opponents

Germany Italy- Struggling

Economy- Public Speaking- Fear, Propaganda

- Struggling Economy

- Public Speaking- Fear, Propaganda

Soldier Newspaper EditorAppointed

Chancellor, called for election for

himself Protest/Overthrow

Fear/Loyalty Oath Fear

Make the Great German Empire

Restore Italy to Roman Empire

Greatness

February 28, 2013Agenda

1. Pray

2. Drill

Appeasement Video

3. Appeasement Document+Cartoon

4. Chamberlin Letter

5. Maybe Nazi propaganda

Drill

HOW SHOULD OTHER EUROPEAN LEADERS TREAT HITLER WHEN HE COMES TO POWER?

Opinion: Do they treat him poorly because of the Treaty of Versailles blame and Mein Kampf or as an ally because the Weimar Republic started turning things around?HW:

Neville Chamberlin Letter

+ looking at next Tuesday for test

Wordbank?

3-1-1 3Agenda

1. Pray

2. Drill

3. Appeasement Worksheet

4. Nazi Propaganda/Check Homework

Drill

What is appeasement?

Appeasement is a policy exercised by Neville Chamberlain where he agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland if Hitler promised to refrain from invading any other territory (Munich Agreement at the Munich Conference)

HomeworkEverything in packet up

to last page

March 4, 2013Agenda

1. Pray

2. Drill

3. Check Homework

4. Did the failure?

5. What you need to know for test

Drill

Did the failure of the League of Nations lead to the WWII?

Yes because they did not hold power to resist Hitler’s aggressions and limit his power.

Japan Italy Germany

Emperor Hirohito

Parliamentary Empire

1. Invades Manchuria

2. Rape of Nanking

Reason: NATURAL RESROUCES

Benito Mussolini

Fascism

Invades Ethiopia

Assist Franco in Spanish Civil War

Reason: Revenge on Ethiopia

Adolf Hitler

Nazism

Invades Rhineland/threatens Sudetenland

Assists Franco in Spain

Hitler Annexes Austria

Hitler Attacks Czeckoslovakia

Reason: Expand Third Reich to all Germans