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BGS238 PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR APPLIED GEOCSIENTISTS
SCHOOL OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Engineering Geology of Dams
Engineering Geology of DamsBrain-storm the various geological and engineering aspects of dam construction.
1
Engineering Geology of Dams What is the purpose of a dam? Do you need to extend your list above to include aspects to do with the reservoir area?
Engineering Geology of DamsWhat will influence the positioning of the dam?
2
Engineering Geology of DamsHow can we work out how big (how high) the dam needs to be?
Engineering Geology of DamsNature of Valley Chord Height Ratio
Gorges
Less than 3
Narrow Valleys
Between 3 - 6
Wide Valleys
Greater than 6
Flat Country Plains
Embankments used to create reservoir volume. Eg. Near Heathrow
Modified from Walter, R. C. S (1962) Dam Geology.
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Engineering Geology of DamsTypes of DamArch or Buttress Dam
Gravity Dam
Embankment Dam
Engineering Geology of DamsTypes of dam Principal design factors
Gravity
Stability derived from self-weight. Ground anchors can be used to increase stability. Masonry or concrete. Used in narrow to wide valleys with Chord / height ratio 5 to 8 eg Vyrnwy (Wales) =7 and the Three Gorges dam in China
Buttress
Reinforced concrete buttresses used to transfer thrust to foundation. Used in very wide valleys eg Errochy =10 and Shira =15 (Scotland)
Arch dam
Stability derived from the curved shape of the dam transferring the forces to the abutments. Reinforced concrete, can be thick (chord/height ratio of 3 5) or thin skinned (c/h< 3, radius