Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Ppt

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BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

GHAZIABAD

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGG.

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:**********

EC-IV (2008-12)


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled Development of

Online UPS is being submitted by UTKARSH PRATAP

SINGH (A2305106176) in partial fulfilment for the award of

the degree ofBachelor of Technology in Electronics and

Communication Engineering to the Amity University has

been carried out by them under our guidance and supervision.

The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to

any other University or Institution for the award of any other

degree by them.

Date: Supervisor:

Mr. H.P. SINGH

Mrs. EILA SHARMA


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DECLARATION

I, VIPIN MISHRA, hereby declare that I have carried

out my project in title Market analysis of Reliance

Communication

I further declare that this is my original work and no

part of this report has been published or submitted

to any body or University for award of

Degree/Diploma to the best of my knowledge and

belief and are devoid from any imaginative

presentation. This project report entitled submitted

by me to Mr. SANJEEV LAYEK

VIPIN MISHRA

PGDM(SESSION 2007-09)

ROLL NO-271100


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Research report will be incomplete without acknowledge giving

my sincere, gratitude to all persons who have helped me in the

preparation of this dissertation. First of all, I thank GOD

ALIMIGHTY for the blessings showered on me throughout this

project work, which has helped me in the successful completion of

the training Preparing a project of this nature of such a

organization Reliance Communication, is a arduous task and I

was fortune enough to get support from a number of people to

whom I shall always remain grateful for helping me in completing

this project within the stipulated time limit.

First of all I would like to acknowledge my family. Their emotional

and moral support and their wishes are always with me. Thats why

I could complete my task successfully. Then there is Mr. GAURAV,

The Area sales Manager, NamedAccount, Reliance

Communication, who always ready to discuss the problems I was

facing during the completing course of action.

I would also wish to acknowledge my friends for their moral

support, encouragement and patience throughout the course of this

project.

I would like to express my gratitude to all these persons and to allthe respondents for their patience throughout the numerous

discussions I have had with them during the course of this project.

VIPIN MISHRA


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Table Of Contents

1. Company Profile2. Sections Visited3. Mobile Section4. Broadband5. What is DSL6. OCB Exchange System7. Operation & Maintenance Unit8. Mobile Communication9. GSM10.Network Structure11.SIM12.GSM Security13.Base Transceiver Station (BTS)14.Technical Capability


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COMPANY PROFILE

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World's 7th

largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive rangeof telecom services in India: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile,Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIPservices, IN Services etc.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, IndiaCommunications Corporation Limited) is a public sectorcommunications company in India. It is the India's largesttelecommunication company with 24% market share. Its headquartersare at Bharat Sanchar Bhawan, New Delhi. It has the status of Mini-ratna - a status assigned to reputed Public Sector companies inIndia.BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country andnow focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing newtelecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer'sconfidence. Today, it has about 47.3 million line basic telephonecapacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 20.1 Million GSM Capacity, morethan 37382 fixed exchanges, 18000 BTS, 287 Satellite Stations, 480196

Rkm of OFC Cable, 63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.5 Lakhs villages. BSNL is the onlyservice provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives tobridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is notelecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide networkgiving services in every nook & corner of country and operates acrossIndia except Delhi & Mumbai including inaccessible areas of Siachenglacier and North-eastern region of the country.


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BSNL cellular service, CellOne, has more than 17.8 million cellularcustomers, garnering 24 percent of all mobile users as its subscribers.That means that almost every fourth mobile user in the country has aBSNL connection. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals,

with 35.1 million Basic Phone subscribers i.e. 85 per cent share of thesubscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms. BSNL has morethan 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million Internet Customerswho access Internet through various modes viz. Dial-up, Leased Line,DIAS, and Account Less Internet (CLI). BSNL has been adjudged as theNUMBER ONE ISP in the country.

BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent

IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data andvideo through the same Backbone and Broadband Access Network. Atpresent there are 0.6 million DataOne broadband customers. Thecompany has vast experience in Planning, Installation, networkintegration and Maintenance of Switching & Transmission Networksand also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom TrainingInstitute. BSNL plans to expand its customer base from present 73millions lines to 125 million lines and infrastructure investment plan tothe tune of Rs. 733 crores (US$ 16.67 million) in the next three years.Today, BSNL is India's largest Telco and one of the largest PublicSector Undertaking with estimated market value of $ 100 Billion. Thecompany is planning an IPO with in 6 months to offload 10% to publicin the Rs 300-400 range valuing the company at over $100 billion.


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SECTIONS VISITED:E-10B SWITCHINGOCB SWITCHINGMDFTRANSMISSION SECTIONMOBILE SECTIONMICROWAVEPOWER STATIONBROAD BANDCOSTUMER CARE

Mobile SectionIn this section we learnt how mobile communication takesplace.There are two ways by which mobile communication takesplace,

GSM

CDMA


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The basic transmission procedure:

1. BSC: Base Station Controller

2. BTS: Base Station TRANSCEIVER3. MSC: Mobile Switching Center4. HLR: Home Location Register5. VLR: Visitor Location Register6. AUC: Authentication Center7. EIR: Equipment Identity Register8. SC: Short Message Center9. OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center

E-10B (ELECTRONICS - 10 BINARY)

Here we came to know about function of:--

OMC: -- Operation maintenance centre.OC:--Monitoring unit.ETA:--Frequency sender and receiver.URM:--Multiplex connection unit.(5 unit)CSE:--Subscriber connection unit.DSF:--Stand by charge unit.MR:--Multiresistor (5 unit)MQ:--Marker (2 unit)TR:--Translator (2 unit)TX:--Tax (charging unit) (2 unit)RLM:--Remote lining unit.COM:--Switching module.CX: -- Switching unit.


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TAX (Trunk auto exchange)

This section deals when a caller picks up the receiver, gets thedial tone and how the call is made and processed.

Transmission

The call is transmitted from telephone to:

CALLER D.P.

PILLAR MDF EXCHANGETAX EXCHANGE MDFPILLAR DP RECIEVER

There are two types of media:

Guided Media (OFC) Un-Guided Media.


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BROADBANDA trend of changes in telecommunication technology

is very fast. The need of hour is large bandwidth and itsoptimum utilization at reasonable cost.Any data access ratemore than 2Mbps is considered as broadband access.

As per the recent broadband policy of govt. ofIndia, access rate over 256kbps will come under category ofbroadband access.

Equipment's required in customer premises are

Filter:-The filter separates out the signal for telephone.(Called as Splitter)

Modem:-The modem directs the signal to PC and TV. Set Top Box (STB)-The STB converts the digital IP

based signal to a form compatible with the TV set. PC and TV

What is DSL?

A high speed digital communication line Has several advantages over other high speed

communication solutions. DSL runs on existing copper DSL helps carriers reduce congestion on their

voice-switching systems Very high speed.


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Data Card

There are two type of data card:1. IX data card (speed -144kbps (max))2. E-VDO data card (speed - 2Mbps)

OCB EXCHANGE SYSTEM

SALIENT FEATURES

OCB stands for organ control bhersion. Digital switching system developed by CIT ALCATEL of

France.

OMC & S/N duplicated. Varieties of service provided are: basic telephony, ISDN,

Mobile, Videotext etc. Supports different types of signaling system. Max. no. of junctions may be 60000 and 35 types of cards

can be used.

Less space requirement. Automatic fault recovery and remote monitoring. Environmental requirement is not very stringent.


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MAJOR UNITS OF OCB SYSTEM

Subscriber Connection Unit (CSN)

A CSN basically consists of 1 basic rack and 3 extensionracks capacity of CSN is 5000.Subs may be analog anddigital.

TRUNK & JUNCTION CONNECTION

UNIT (SMT)It is the interface between switching network and junctionsfrom other exchanges (or remote connection unit).

SWITCHING MATRIX

The Switching matrix is a single stage t made up of host

switching matrix and branch selection & amplificationfunction, SMX is duplicated.

AUXILLIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL

STATION (SMA)

It consists of frequency receiver/generator conference call

CCTS, tone generators etc,


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CONTROL UNIT (SMC)

The six control units are as under:

Multi register (MR) for connecting and disconnectingcalls. Translator (TR) for storing exchange database. Charging unit (TX) for carrying out charging jobs. Marker (MQ) for performing connection &

disconnection of subscribers.

Ccs-7 controller (PC) for carrying out routing & trafficmanagement functions.

Matrix system handler (GX) for monitoring connectionin S/N.

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

UNIT (SMM)

It is OMC for supervising functions of different units andfor taking suitable actions at the event of faults. Magnetic diskseach of capability 1.2 GB for various stages.

In the field of telecommunications, a telephone exchange ortelephone switch is a system of electronic components that

connects telephone calls. A central office is the physicalbuilding used to house inside plant equipment includingtelephone switches, which make phone calls "work" in the senseof making connections and relaying the speech information


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MOBILE COMMUNICATION

Mobile phones send and receive radio signals with any numberof cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas. Thesesites are usually mounted on a tower, pole or building, locatedthroughout populated areas, then connected to a cabledcommunication network and switching system. The phones havea low-power transceiver that transmits voice and data to thenearest cell sites, normally not more than 8 to 13 km

(approximately 5 to 8 miles) away.

When the mobile phone or data device is turned on, it registerswith the mobile telephone exchange, or switch, with its uniqueidentifiers, and can then be alerted by the mobile switch whenthere is an incoming telephone call. The handset constantlylistens for the strongest signal being received from thesurrounding base stations, and is able to switch seamlessly

between sites. As the user moves around the network, the"handoffs" are performed to allow the device to switch siteswithout interrupting the call.

Cell sites have relatively low-power (often only one or twowatts) radio transmitters which broadcast their presence andrelay communications between the mobile handsets and the

switch. The switch in turn connects the call to another subscriberof the same wireless service provider or to the public telephonenetwork, which includes the networks of other wireless carriers.Many of these sites are camouflaged to blend with existingenvironments, particularly in scenic areas.


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The dialogue between the handset and the cell site is a stream ofdigital data that includes digitized audio (except for the firstgeneration analog networks). The technology that achieves this

depends on the system which the mobile phone operator hasadopted. The technologies are grouped by generation. The first-generation systems started in 1979 with Japan, are all analog andinclude AMPS and NMT. Second-generation systems, started in1991 in Finland, are all digital and include GSM, CDMA andTDMA.

The nature of cellular technology renders many phones

vulnerable to 'cloning': anytime a cell phone moves out ofcoverage (for example, in a road tunnel), when the signal is re-established, the phone sends out a 're-connect' signal to thenearest cell-tower, identifying itself and signaling that it is againready to transmit. With the proper equipment, it's possible tointercept the re-connect signal and encode the data it containsinto a 'blank' phone -- in all respects, the 'blank' is then an exactduplicate of the real phone and any calls made on the 'clone' willbe charged to the original account.

Third-generation (3G) networks, which are still being deployed,began in 2001. They are all digital, and offer high-speed dataaccess in addition to voice services and include W-CDMA(known also as UMTS), and CDMA2000 EV-DO. China willlaunch a third generation technology on the TD-SCDMA

standard. Operators use a mix of predesignated frequency bandsdetermined by the network requirements and local regulations.

In an effort to limit the potential harm from having a transmitterclose to the user's body, the first fixed/mobile cellular phonesthat had a separate transmitter, vehicle-mounted antenna, and


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handset (known as car phones and bag phones) were limited to amaximum 3 watts Effective Radiated Power. Modern handheldcell phones which must have the transmission antenna held

inches from the user's skull are limited to a maximumtransmission power of 0.6 watts ERP. Regardless of thepotential biological effects, the reduced transmission range ofmodern handheld phones limits their usefulness in rurallocations as compared to car/bag phones, and handhelds requirethat cell towers be spaced much closer together to compensatefor their lack of transmission power.

Some handhelds include an optional auxiliary antenna port onthe back of the phone, which allows it to be connected to a largeexternal antenna and a 3 watt cellular booster. Alternately infringe-reception areas, a cellular repeater may be used, whichuses a long distance high-gain dish antenna or yagi antenna tocommunicate with a cell tower far outside of normal range, anda repeater to rebroadcast on a small short-range local antennathat allows any cell phone within a few meters to functionproperly.


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GSM

Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally

from Groupe Special Mobile) is the most popular standard formobile phones in the world. Its promoter, the GSM Association,estimates that 82% of the global mobile market uses thestandard. GSM is used by over 3 billion people across morethan 212 countries and territories. Its ubiquity makesinternational roaming very common between mobile phoneoperators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many partsof the world. GSM differs from its predecessors in that bothsignaling and speech channels are digital, and thus is considereda second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This has alsomeant that data communication was easy to build into thesystem.

The ubiquity of the GSM standard has been an advantage toboth consumers (who benefit from the ability to roam and switch

carriers without switching phones) and also to network operators(who can choose equipment from any of the many vendorsimplementing GSM). GSM also pioneered a low-cost, to thenetwork carrier, alternative to voice calls, the Short messageservice (SMS, also called "text messaging"), which is nowsupported on other mobile standards as well. Another advantageis that the standard includes one worldwide Emergencytelephone number, 112. This makes it easier for international

travellers to connect to emergency services without knowing thelocal emergency number. Newer versions of the standard werebackward-compatible with the original GSM phones. Forexample, Release '97 of the standard added packet datacapabilities, by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).


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Release '99 introduced higher speed data transmission usingEnhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).

GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones

connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity.GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. MostGSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.Some countries in the Americas (including Canada and theUnited States) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands becausethe 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated.

The rarer 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned insome countries, notably Scandinavia, where these frequencieswere previously used for first-generation systems.

GSM-900 uses 890915 MHz to send information from themobile station to the base station (uplink) and 935960 MHz forthe other direction (downlink), providing 124 RF channels(channel numbers 1 to 124) spaced at 200 kHz. Duplex spacing

of 45 MHz is used. In some countries the GSM-900 band hasbeen extended to cover a larger frequency range. This 'extendedGSM', E-GSM, uses 880915 MHz (uplink) and 925960 MHz(downlink), adding 50 channels (channel numbers 975 to 1023and 0) to the original GSM-900 band. Time divisionmultiplexing is used to allow eight full-rate or sixteen half-ratespeech channels per radio frequency channel. There are eightradio timeslots (giving eight burst periods) grouped into what iscalled a TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames inthe same timeslot. The channel data rate is 270.833 kbit/s, andthe frame duration is 4.615 ms.


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The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximumof 2 watts in GSM850/900 and 1 watt in GSM1800/1900.

GSM has used a variety of voice codec to squeeze 3.1 kHz audio

into between 5.6 and 13 kbit/s. Originally, two codecs, namedafter the types of data channel they were allocated, were used,called Half Rate (5.6 kbit/s) and Full Rate (13 kbit/s). Theseused a system based upon linear predictive coding (LPC). Inaddition to being efficient with bit rates, these codecs also madeit easier to identify more important parts of the audio, allowingthe air interface layer to prioritize and better protect these parts

of the signal.

GSM was further enhanced in 1997 with the Enhanced Full Rate(EFR) codec, a 12.2 kbit/s codec that uses a full rate channel.Finally, with the development of UMTS, EFR was refactoredinto a variable-rate codec called AMR-Narrowband, which ishigh quality and robust against interference when used on fullrate channels, and less robust but still relatively high quality

when used in good radio conditions on half-rate channels.

There are five different cell sizes in a GSM networkmacro,micro, pico, femto and umbrella cells. The coverage area of eachcell varies according to the implementation environment. Macrocells can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna isinstalled on a mast or a building above average roof top level.Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average rooftop level; they are typically used in urban areas. Picocells aresmall cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen meters; theyare mainly used indoors. Femtocells are cells designed for use inresidential or small business environments and connect to theservice providers network via a broadband internet connection.


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Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smallercells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.

Cell horizontal radius varies depending on antenna height,

antenna gain and propagation conditions from a couple ofhundred meters to several tens of kilometers. The longestdistance the GSM specification supports in practical use is35 kilometers (22 mi). There are also several implementations ofthe concept of an extended cell, where the cell radius could bedouble or even more, depending on the antenna system, the typeof terrain and the timing advance.

Indoor coverage is also supported by GSM and may be achievedby using an indoor picocell base station, or an indoor repeaterwith distributed indoor antennas fed through power splitters, todeliver the radio signals from an antenna outdoors to theseparate indoor distributed antenna system. These are typicallydeployed when a lot of call capacity is needed indoors, forexample in shopping centers or airports. However, this is not a

prerequisite, since indoor coverage is also provided by in-building penetration of the radio signals from nearby cells.

The modulation used in GSM is Gaussian minimum-shift keying(GMSK), a kind of continuous-phase frequency shift keying. InGMSK, the signal to be modulated onto the carrier is firstsmoothed with a Gaussian low-pass filter prior to being fed to afrequency modulator, which greatly reduces the interference toneighboring channels (adjacent channel interference).


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Network structure

The network behind the GSM system seen by the customer is

large and complicated in order to provide all of the serviceswhich are required. It is divided into a number of sections andthese are each covered in separate articles.

The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and theircontrollers).

The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of thenetwork most similar to a fixed network). This is

sometimes also just called the core network. The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows

packet based Internet connections). All of the elements in the system combine to produce many

GSM services such as voice calls and SMS

The structure of a GSM network.


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Subscriber Identity Module

One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity

Module (SIM), commonly known as a SIM card. The SIM is adetachable smart card containing the user's subscriptioninformation and phone book. This allows the user to retain his orher information after switching handsets. Alternatively, the usercan also change operators while retaining the handset simply bychanging the SIM. Some operators will block this by allowingthe phone to use only a single SIM, or only a SIM issued bythem; this practice is known as SIM locking, and is illegal insome countries.

Many operators lock the mobiles they sell. This is done becausethe price of the mobile phone is typically subsidized withrevenue from subscriptions, and operators want to try to avoidsubsidizing competitor's mobiles. The locking applies to thehandset, identified by its International Mobile Equipment

Identity (IMEI) number, not to the account (which is identifiedby the SIM card). In some countries such as India, all phones aresold unlocked.


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GSM security

GSM was designed with a moderate level of security. The

system was designed to authenticate the subscriber using a pre-shared key and challenge-response. Communications betweenthe subscriber and the base station can be encrypted. Thedevelopment of UMTS introduces an optional USIM, that uses alonger authentication key to give greater security, as well asmutually authenticating the network and the user - whereasGSM only authenticated the user to the network (and not viceversa). The security model therefore offers confidentiality andauthentication, but limited authorization capabilities, and nonon-repudiation. GSM uses several cryptographic algorithms forsecurity. The A5/1 and A5/2 stream ciphers are used forensuring over-the-air voice privacy. A5/1 was developed firstand is a stronger algorithm used within Europe and the UnitedStates; A5/2 is weaker and used in other countries. Seriousweaknesses have been found in both algorithms: it is possible to

break A5/2 in real-time with a cipher text-only attack, and inFebruary 2008, Pico Computing, Inc revealed its ability andplans to commercialize FPGAs that allow A5/1 to be brokenwith a rainbow table attack. The system supports multiplealgorithms so operators may replace that cipher with a strongerone.


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Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is the equipment which

facilitates the wireless communication between user equipments(UE) and the network. UEs are devices like mobile phones(handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless internetconnectivity, Wi-Fi and WiMAX gadgets etc. The network canbe that of any of the wireless communication technologies likeGSM, CDMA, WLL , WAN, Wi-Fi, WiMAX etc. BTS is alsoreferred to as RBS (Radio Base Station), Node B (in 3GNetworks) or simply BS (Base Station).

Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wirelesscommunication standards, it is generally and commonlyassociated with mobile communication technologies like GSMand CDMA. In this regard, a BTS forms part of the Base StationSubsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It mayalso have equipments for encrypting and decrypting

communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters) etc.Antennas may also be considered as components of BTS ingeneral sense as they facilitate the functioning of BTS. Typicallya BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it toserve several different frequencies and different sectors of thecell (in the case of sectorised base stations). A BTS is controlledby a parent Base Station Controller via the Base station ControlFunction (BCF). The BCF is implemented as a discrete unit or

even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCFprovides an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) connection tothe Network management system (NMS), and managesoperational states of each TRX, as well as software handling and


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alarm collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTSremains the same regardless of the wireless technologies.

BROADBAND

Broadband in telecommunications refers to a signaling methodthat includes or handles a relatively wide range of frequencies,which may be divided into channels or frequency bins.Broadband is always a relative term, understood according to its

context. The wider the bandwidth, the greater the information-carrying capacity. In radio, for example, a very narrow-bandsignal will carry Morse code; a broader band will carry speech; astill broader band is required to carry music without losing thehigh audio frequencies required for realistic sound reproduction.A television antenna described as "normal" may be capable ofreceiving a certain range of channels; one described as

"broadband" will receive more channels. In datacommunications a modem will transmit a bandwidth of 56kilobits per seconds (kbit/s) over a telephone line; over the sametelephone line a bandwidth of several megabits per second canbe handled by ADSL, which is described as broadband (relativeto a modem over a telephone line, although much less than canbe achieved over a fiber optic circuit, for example).


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In data communications

Broadband in data communications can refer to broadband

networks or broadband Internet and may have the same meaningas above, so that data transmission over a fiber optic cablewould be referred to as broadband as compared to a telephonemodem operating at 56,000 bits per second.

However, broadband in data communications is frequently usedin a more technical sense to refer to data transmission wheremultiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase the

effective rate of transmission, regardless of actual data rate. Innetwork engineering this term is used for methods where two ormore signals share a medium.

In video

Broadband in analog video distribution is traditionally used torefer to systems such as cable television, where the individual

channels are modulated on carriers at fixed frequencies. In thiscontext, baseband is the term's antonym, referring to a singlechannel of analog video, typically in composite form with anaudio subcarrier. The act of demodulating converts broadbandvideo to baseband video.

However, broadband video in the context of streaming Internetvideo has come to mean video files that have bitrates highenough to require broadband Internet access in order to viewthem.

Broadband video is also sometimes used to describe IPTVVideo on demand.


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In DSL

The various forms of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) services are

broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over ahigh-bandwidth channel above the baseband voice channel on asingle pair of wires.

In Ethernet

A baseband transmission sends one type of signal using amedium's full bandwidth, as in 100BASE-T Ethernet. Ethernet,

however, is the common interface to broadband modems such asDSL data links, and has a high data rate itself, so is sometimesreferred to as broadband. Ethernet provisioned over cablemodem is a common alternative to DSL

BSNL is in the process of commissioning of a world class,

multi-gigabit, multi-protocol, convergent IP infrastructurethrough National Internet Backbone-II (NIB-II), that willprovide convergent services through the same backbone andbroadband access network. The Broadband service will beavailable on DSL technology (on the same copper cable that isused for connecting telephone), on a countrywide basis spanning198 cities.

In terms of infrastructure for broadband services NIB-II wouldput India at par with more advanced nations. The services thatwould be supported includes always-on broadband access to theInternet for residential and business customers, Content basedservices, Video multicasting, Video-on-demand and Interactive


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gaming, Audio and Video conferencing, IP Telephony, Distancelearning, Messaging: plain and feature rich, Multi-site MPLSVPNs with Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. The subscribe

will be able to access the above services through SubscriberService Selection System (SSSS)portal.

OBJECTIVES

To provide high speed Internet connectivity (upto 8 Mbps) To provide Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to the

broadband customers To provide dial VPN service to MPLS VPN customers. To provide multicast video services, video-on-demand, etc.

through the Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS). To provide a means to bill for the aforesaid services by

either time-based or volume-based billing. It shall providethe customer with the option to select the services throughweb server

To provide both pre-paid and post paid broadband services.


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TECHNICAL CAPABILITY

The Broadband Service will be given through the state of theart Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based IPInfrastructure, which is designed to provide reliable routes tocover all possible destinations within and outside the country.Layer 1 of the network will consist of a high speed Backbonecomprising of 24 powerful Core Routers connected with highspeed 2.5 Gbps (STM-16) links. The routers are located on

the national DWDM network interfacing at STM-16 opticallevel to provide for high transmission speeds.

Advantage of MPLS over other Technologies

MPLS VPN is a technology that allows a service provider likeBSNL to have complete control over parameters that are criticalto offering its customers service guarantees with regard tobandwidth throughputs, latencies and availability.


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Services available through Broadband

High speed Internet Access: This is the always-on Internetaccess service with speed ranging from 256 kbps to 8Mbps.

Bandwidth on Demand: This will facilitate customer tochange bandwidth as per his / her requirement. For examplea customer with 256 kbps can change to 1 Mbps during thevideo Conferencing session.

Multicasting: This is to provide video multicast services forapplication in distance education, telemedicine etc

Dial VPN Service: This service allows remote users toaccess their private network securely over the NIB-IIinfrastructure.

Video and Audio Conferencing: Content based Services: Like Video on Demand,

Interactive Gaming, Live and time shifted TV

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