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Biao Community Profile

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This document gives you a background about Biao and how it has changed since Pasali came in to their area.
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_______________________________________________________________________________________ 1 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS HONORING THEIR RIGHTS Contribution to the rise of the indigenous people groups in Southern Mindanao 2006 Present - Future May 26, 2011 Migrants’ initiative transforms community through technology and Tri-people empowerment
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Page 1: Biao Community Profile

_______________________________________________________________________________________

1 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

HONORING THEIR RIGHTS

Contribution to the rise of the indigenous

people groups in Southern Mindanao

2006 – Present - Future

May 26, 2011

Migrants’ initiative transforms

community through technology

and Tri-people empowerment

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2 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Table of Contents

Honoring their rights ........................................................................................................... 3 Food security ....................................................................................................................... 4 Access to technology and mechanization .................................................................. 5 Agro-forestry ........................................................................................................................ 6 Economic development ................................................................................................... 7 Claim Ancestral Domain ................................................................................................... 7 Access to clean water ...................................................................................................... 8 Self-Determination .............................................................................................................. 7 Education and Literacy..................................................................................................... 9 Indicators social change ................................................................................................ 10

FRONT PAGE PICTURE: The second Kinder II graduation of IP Manobo children

from their first ever school in Biao, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat

PASALI Philippine Foundation, May 2011

Writer Jofellini Shane Pulmano

Editor

Data Maribeth Ty

McDonnel Ty

Jofellini Shane Pulmano

Salido Panalon

Vilma Bonifacio

Duma Bonifacio

Photos Marilyn Ty, Mary Dawn Mantala, Jofellini Shane Pulmano

Our territories are our wealth, the major assets we have. And Indigenous people use

and steward this property so that they can achieve and maintain a livelihood, and

achieve and maintain that same livelihood for future generations.”

Rebecca Adamson, instigator Global Indigenous Peoples' Facility Fund, WORLD

BANK

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3 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

150 million tribal people live in more than 60 countries across the world.

Although their land ownership rights are recognized in international law, they

are not properly respected anywhere.

Survival International

“The [..] enactment of [..] legislation that protect indigenous peoples’ rights will

definitely reinforce the capacity of indigenous peoples to mitigate [..] climate

change.”

Victoria Tauli-Corpuz

Executive Director, Tebtebba

Honoring their rights The IP villages that PASALI enters, in the General Santos area and especially the

IP village of Biao, Palimbang, shows similar issues the inhabitants deal with.

Among others no food, no water, rampant illnesses, no medical facility, no

school, no money, no mechanization, no recognized land rights, land

encroachment, effects of GMOs and climate change, and severe

discrimination and marginalization by government and other ethnic

communities. When PASALI asked one chief what he wanted for his Manobo

tribe, he said: “We need food and water, help for our economy, and education

for our children.”

This sum-up forms the base for PASALI interventions since 2007:

Food security System of Rice and Corn Intensification

Economic development Subsistence farming and small-scale commercial

farming

Agro-forestry Plans for rubber plantations

Access to clean water Installing hydraulic ram pumps

Education and Literacy Building their own schools

Self-determination Cooperative formation and direct access to LGUs

Claim Ancestral Domain Ongoing work for a claim in Biao, Palimbang

Social change Indicators change in social relationships, gender

development, development of youth, and

improvement of wellness of the community

This document gives a summary of the changes in these areas for the IPs PASALI

has ventured to support. PASALI initial goal is food security but this interventional

has spiraled countless unintended positive effects and over time, formed the

basis for PASALI to develop concrete schemes that IP communities may draw

their empowerment from.

So far, 18 water systems are installed in upland communities in Sarangani and

South Cotabato. These communities now enjoy access to clean water by a

motorless pump system, AIDFI’s hydraulic ram pump, winner of the BBC World

Challenge 2010. Also, a Manobo community in Biao, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat

has seen tremendous growth in these areas. They have gone from no food, to

subsistence farming to small-scale commercial farming in just three years.

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4 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Food security

- Introduction of food growing techniques

- System of Corn Intensification

- System of Rice Intensification for upland rice

- Organic farming

- Subsistence farming to small-scale commercial farming

Before 2007 the Manobo Indigenous People community of Biao lived a

nomadic existence, moving from one area to another. They lived on hunting,

root gathering, and sporadic vegetable growing. Their food supply was so little

that by the time PASALI entered the scene in 2007, the groups suffered greatly

from hunger and illness.

PASALI introduced planting techniques, farm equipments and technology, and

brought their own farmer technicians to instruction and give trainings. With input

from the Department of Agriculture and PASALI’s techniques, the community

began growing rice System of Rice Intensification, and later corn and other

vegetables for their own consumption in 2007. The outcome was directly visible:

when first the village had nothing to offer their guests, now the guests were

offered a myriad of good things.

In 2008, the group began

applying an adapted version of

System of Rice Intensification for

corn, System of Corn

Intensification. This system needs

less water than the conventional

chemical-based corn known to

be grown in the area and no

synthetic inputs. After several IP

leaders did training for financial

literacy facilitated by PASALI in

2010, they devised their own

alternative crop system with over

10 households for communal

care of the production, named

Compact Farming.

Figure 1 – we are currently gathering

data from Biao’s monitoring.

UN Human Rights

Article 25

Everyone has the right

to a standard of living

adequate for the

health and well-being

of himself and of his

family, including food

[..]

Agriculture and

Fisheries

Modernization Act

1997 Section 2.b. Food

Security–The State

assures the availability

adequacy,

accessibility and

affordability of food

supplies to all times;

MDGs 1: Eradicate

extreme poverty and

hunger

Target 1C: Halve the

proportion of people

who suffer from

hunger.

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5 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Access to appropriate technology and

mechanization

- CORN MILL design and fabrication

- CORN SHELLER design and fabrication

- Contribution to up-scaling subsistence and commercial farming

Since the Manobos began having harvests of corn, they processed it manually,

with a stone or wood corn grinder. PASALI designed and fabricated a corn mill

machine, which the community in Biao has used since 2009. A PASALI engineer

based its design on a manual coffee grinder from the Netherlands. Its runs on a

9- HP generator, donated by a PASALI Dutch corporate partner. Several

capable IPs were trained for the maintenance of the machine and the

community members take care of their own fuel.

In 2011, PASALI also fabricated a corn sheller. Rather than them manually

removing the husk from the corn, this machine removes it for them. It too runs

on the 9 HP generator. These machines helped the village upscale their

production and supply. The traders of two new markets in the vicinity of Biao

have made the corn farmers of this Manobo village the main supplier of their

corn. Biao inhabitants have sped up and put extra care in their corn growing,

seeing possibilities with their machines. Other Manobo communities have

approached PASALI and the elders of this village, inquiring after these

machines and the planting methods that have already spread out to four other

villages.

PASALI plans to design and fabricate more machines to complement the

agricultural production of the IPs, including implements for the processing of

rubber once the agro-forestry plans start. Other appropriate technologies

already in line and could be fabricated for IP villages, are:

- FERTILIZER PROCESSER (processing organic fertilizer)

- HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP (by BBC World Challenge winner AIDFI)

- ROTARY WEEDER (for SRI rice and other crops)

EED-TFIP 6-Point Food

Security Agenda 6.b

Developing the

capacity of

indigenous peoples to

strengthen their food

security;

Agriculture and

Fisheries

Modernization Act

1997 2.a. The State

shall ensure that the

poorer sectors of

society have

equitable access to

resources, income

opportunities, basic

and support services

and infrastructure

especially in areas

where productivity is

low as a means of

improving their quality

of life compared with

other sectors of

society.

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6 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Agro-forestry: Rubber Introducing rubber to IP communities, gives them a sustainable cash crop that’s

in line with their cultural care of nature and contributes to climate change

mitigation.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RUBBER TREES

Rubber trees are a sustainable cash crop, sustainable source of wood, minimal

care and investment with large potential income, and source of employment

for thousands of people, including small-holder farmers. 75% of the rubber

farmers are small-holders operating from 2 to 5 hectares. The level of domestic

rubber production supplies only 40% of the domestic consumption. Due to the

slow rate of replanting and new planting programs, the Philippines will

experience shortage of about 20,000 – 30,000 tons of natural rubber annually.1

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF RUBBER TREES

Agro-forestry with rubber is reforestation, anti-soil erosion, anti-soil exhaustion en

reduces use of nitrogen fertilizers on land filling (unlike monoculture crops, trees

give soil conditioning), lifts ground water levels, contributes to anti-global

warming (produces O2 and adsorbs CO2). Our average CO2 consumption in

the Philippines is 0,8 – 1 ton per person per year2, while trees consumes 117 -

210 kg CO2/ha daily.3 This considering, agro-forestation with rubber is force for

climate change mitigation.

STATUS

February – March 2011 Meetings and knowledge exchanges with

April 2011 Initial proposal to DA for rubber for Biao accepted

and pending acceptance: 10 hectares, 500 trees

per hectare, plus facilities and equipment.

May – on Start 1 hectare of rubber trees in Biao 1 www.philmech.gov.ph/phindustry/rubber.htm 2 www.tradingeconomics.com 3 Tuzhikina, V.V. (2006), “Carbon dioxide exchange in the photosynthetic apparatus of trees in a

mature spruce phytocenosis of the northern taiga subzone,” EKOLOGIYA, RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF

ECOLOGY, Volume 37, Number 2, 84-89

MDG 2.7

7A: Integrate the

principles of

sustainable

development into

country policies and

programs; reverse loss

of environmental

resources

Target 7B: Reduce

biodiversity loss,

achieving, by 2010, a

significant reduction in

the rate of loss:

- Proportion of land

area covered by forest

- CO2 emissions, total,

per capita and per $1

GDP (PPP)

Mindanao Peoples’

Peace Agenda

11. Ensure a more

serious consideration

of climate change

and comprehensively

integrate measures to

protect and preserve

the environment in the

promotion of a

sustainable

development plan for

Mindanao.

EED-TFIP 6-Point Food

Security Agenda 4a.

We shall defend and

protect resources by

implementing

sustainable natural

resource management

programs, specifically

those that rehabilitate

the forest and water

resources in order to

protect the natural

resource base.

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7 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Economic development

- Production SRI upland rice

- Production SCI upland corn

- Production mixed vegetables: unions, eggplants, etc

- Compact Farming

- Creation of four functional farm cooperatives

- Creation of two new markets in the upland area

- Sales of food produce on three local markets

- Increase in demand for transportation

With PASALI’s assistance with technology and trainings on agriculture, IP

members of Biao started growing food in larger scale than they did before with

SCI for upland corn and SCI for upland rice, actually do so in an

environmentally friendly manner. In 2010 they devised their own farm

management scheme, which they named Compact Farming. At the end of

2010, PASALI facilitated and gave trainings to Biao IPs to organize themselves

into cooperatives. There are now 4 functional cooperatives ranging from 15 – 45

household members. Soon they will all be recognized formally by the

Cooperative Development Authority (CDA).

The production of corn grew to such quantities that the farmer households sold

their produce at the Women’s Market in Kanipaan, Palimbang. Inspired by this

market, the possibilities of their machinery and growing quantity of food, the

cooperatives started two markets in two villages. For people who formerly

suffered from hunger, having their own market is not just a novelty but a great

step forward. The members of the cooperatives provide the supply for the

market traders. This increased the demand for transportation, which in that area

is the horse. Now members are asking for the development of roads, since the

dirt roads are regularly distraught by the tracks of the Vietnam car, the vehicle

the loggers in the area use.

Self-Determination and the

Ancestral Domain Claim With the increase of production and participation, the number of skilled IP

leaders in Biao also increased. With PASALI’s lobbying, their representatives now

have direct access to the LGUs in Palimbang. At recent local elections at the

barangay that overseas Biao included a representative of the IP community.

Furthermore, PASALI started mapping out Biao early this year, identifying key

ancestral cultural sites, to provide the data needed for the ancestral claim

which PASALI will assist the community with. The major of Palimbang has

promised the chief financial assistance when the time comes to file the claim.

Figure 2: PASALI began

mapping out the

ancestral area of the

Manobos in Biao, to

provide the necessary

data for their ancestral

claim.

EED-TFIP 6-Point Food

Security Agenda

1. Indigenous peoples

have the right to

determine their own

development.

Mindanao Peoples’

Peace Agenda

1. Recognize, respect

and fulfill the right to self-

determination of the

peoples of Mindanao,

including [..] the

ancestral domain and

tribal governance of the

Lumads,

12. Effectively address

the economic issues and

concerns, particularly

food security, export-

import policy, plantation

economy, and

commercialization.

UN Declaration on the

Rights of Indigenous

Peoples Article 21

1. Indigenous peoples

have the right, without

discrimination, to the

improvement of their

economic and social

conditions,

2. States shall take

effective measures to

ensure continuing

improvement of their

economic and social

conditions.

Article 23

Indigenous peoples have

the right to determine

and develop priorities

and strategies for

exercising their right

to development.

Article 29

1. Indigenous peoples

have the right to the

conservation and

protection of the

environment and the

productive

capacity of their lands or

territories and resources.

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8 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Easy access to water - Most of

areas where 21

Ram pumps

were installed

are upland

communities.

This technology

from AID

Foundation can

pump water

24/7 to

elevated areas

without fuel or

motor. Nature

itself propels the

water up. The

PASALI

technical

center is the

installation group in Mindanao. The size of ram pumps vary from 3/4 to 6

diameter. The commonly installed 1 diameter pump costs 17,000 pesos

excluding the installation cost. The water source determines the size of

pump to be used. The more water, the bigger size of pump can be

used. In fact, a six diameter pump can be used for irrigation purposes

upland. Surveys and studies for ram pump installation was already

conducted in Biao. Proposals were already made and submitted to

funding agencies but aren’t yet approved due to limited water source,

therefore, limited beneficiary.

Self-determination

(continued)

UN Declaration IP

Rights Article 26

1. Indigenous peoples

have the right to the

lands, territories and

resources which they

have traditionally

owned, occupied or

otherwise used or

acquired. 2.Indigenous

peoples have the right

to own, use, develop

and control the lands,

territories and

resources that

they possess .. 3. States

shall give legal

recognition and

protection to these

lands,

MDG 2.7c

Halve, by 2015, the

proportion of the

population without

sustainable access to

safe drinking water

and basic sanitation

(for more information

see the entry on water

supply)

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9 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Education and Literacy Education is a secondary need but Duma, the tribal chieftain of Biao

recognized its importance as they had experienced being swindled by

opportunists. In 2008, Children’s Desk assisted community members in their

application to the DSWD for a day care center and application to DepEd for a

school.

As Biao initiated its non formal education back in 2008, they eventually gained

the recognition of the Department of Education last 2011. The Biao Primary

school was annexed to an Elementary School in Kanipaan which is in lowland.

Last March, 10 Manobo honor students were recognized in the said elementary

for the first time. More children are encouraged to finish all the way to higher

education. This year, the government will hire and assign licensed teachers in

Biao and build a concrete classroom. Around 170 children are expected to

formally re-enroll in Grade I for academic year 2012-2013. Many communities were inspired by the progress of Biao. Actually Sitio Uloson, a

neighboring Manobo village initiated its own school and is asking assistance in

PASALI for its recognition.

Self-determination

(continued)

UN Declaration IP

Rights

Article 26.

(1) Everyone has the

right to education.

Education shall be

free, at least in the

elementary and

fundamental stages.

Elementary education

shall be compulsory.

MDG 2.7c

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10 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS

Indicators social change

UN HD goals

(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and

favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal

work.

(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration

ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and

supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.

Article 25.

(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and

well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and

medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the

event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack

of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

EED-TFIP 6-Point Food

Security Agenda 6e.

Recognizing the role of

indigenous women as

co-stewards in ensuring

food and livelihood

security

5. Indigenous socio-

political systems are

essential to food

security

MDG 3: Promote

gender equality and

empower women

Mindanao Peoples’

Peace Agenda

1. Recognize, respect

and fulfill the right to self-

determination of the

peoples of Mindanao,

including [..] the

ancestral domain and

tribal governance of the

Lumads,

12. Effectively address

the economic issues and

concerns, particularly

food security, export-

import policy, plantation

economy, and

commercialization.


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