1
BIBLICAL CANON IS COMPLETE
The writing of the Old and New Testaments has ended
Canon = certain documents taken from a large
selection of documents to form an authorized Bible
Christianity splintered into scores of factions and some
used different canons
Some Books taken in and out of canon
2
ROMAN EMPIRE THE WORLD POWER
Jews no longer in
control of the religion
of Jesus the Jew
2 major branches:
1) Jewish (The Way)
2) Gentile (Christian)
285 A.D. Roman
Empire is split into 2
Eastern capital is Milan
Western capital is
Byzantium
3
EMPEROR CONSTANTINE
Constantine re-unified
the Empire, but later
split it into 2 governing
districts
Western Capital moved
to Rome
Eastern Capital stayed,
but city renamed to
Constantinople
Church split along same
lines, using same
capitals
1) Roman Catholic
2) Orthodox Christian
4
COUNCIL OF NICEA 325 A.D.
Only 1 year after the Empire was re-unified
Constantine, Bishop of Rome, and Mithrain sun-worshippers
Sun disk was a compromise, now called a Halo
Mary declared Queen of Heaven to appease Mithrains
Shabbat, 7th day of REST, abolished
Replaced with 1st day, day of WORSHIP
Sun-day had been Mithrain communal day of worship
Now called The Lord’s Day
5
EASTER = ISHTAR =
EOSTRE The sacrament of Easter was
created
Ishtar = Eostre = fertility goddess
Adopted and modified by the Church
to observe Christ’s resurrection, but
retained the name of the goddess
Rabbits and eggs, symbols of
fertility
Bible already has a God-ordained
resurrection observance called
Firstfruits (Bikkurim in Hebrew)
Leviticus 23
6
CHRISTIANITY FOREVER CHANGED
Council of Nicea produced
the Roman Catholic
Church
Catholic means
UNIVERSAL
Church at Rome not the
only center of Christian
authority, but it was the
most powerful
Dominant for 1000 years
until Henry the 8th pulled
away and started the
Church of England
The root of the Protestant
Branch of Christianity
7
CATHOLIC ICONS EXPRESS SUN-
WORSHIPPER SYMBOLS ZEUS
MISHRA
ST. PETER
8
ISLAM Muhammad born in 571 A.D.
Wealthy merchant
Married a widow (Fatima)
Legend is that the Angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad in visions
Claims a mysterious spiritual journey to heaven, but on the way stopped at Jerusalem
Led an attack on a caravan and was successful
Koran = Muslim holy book
At first seemed to respect Jews and Christians
After a failure to convert them to Islam, he changed his mind
9
AL-ILAH, NABATEAN MOON-GOD
Al-ilah was Muhammad’s tribe’s family god
He told the Jews that this was the one-god
Told Arabs Allah was the Moon-god, Allah’s wife was
the Sun, and his daughters were the stars
Jews and Christians rejected him
Muhammad declared Abraham as the father of Islam
10
ARMY OF ISLAM ON THE MOVE
11
12
ISLAM IN SPAIN
Spain had 300,000 Jews living there
Cordoba a Muslim city
950 A.D., a Jewish scholar joined the royal court of the Caliph
Spain became a haven for Judaism
Jews found a middle ground between Muslims and Christians, and were traveling merchants
MOSQUE OF
CORDOBA
13
THE CRUSADES
14
JERUSALEM MUST BE RE-TAKEN!
1095 Pope Urban II
promised land and
forgiveness of sins for
those who would fight
Peasants and King’s
armies joined to go to the
fight
Serfs used as pawns
No one but clergy allowed
to read Scripture
Violation brought ex-
communication or death
15
ROUTE OF THE CRUSADERS
16
40,000 CRUSADERS ATTACK
JERUSALEM 1097 A.D.
Egypt had ALREADY
liberated Jerusalem a full
ONE YEAR earlier
Everyone in Jerusalem was
a target
Regarded in history as one
of the most infamous
massacres
Jews and Muslims
remember the Crusades to
this day as a reminder of
who the Christians are
17
THE INQUISITION
18
THE BLACK DEATH Mid 1300’s A.D.
Church policy declared that the cause was the Jews poisoning water wells
Others though the Jews cast magic spells
Inquisition spread to Spain
1492 Jews expelled from Spain
Inquisition authorities allowed to keep confiscated property and money of the convicted
After the Spanish Expulsion 30,000 “Jews” were burned at the stake
Most were actually Christians and Muslims
19
CATHOLIC CHURCH ORDERS
JEWISH TALMUDS TO BE BURNED
20
JEWS MIGRATE TO POLAND
1600 A.D.