Biblio 95

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

1/55

02.11.13 (1994..1995) History of Pen and Gesture Computing

users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio95.html

History of Pen and Gesture Computing:

Annotated Bibliography in On-line Character

Recognition, Pen Computing, Gesture UserInterfaces and Tabletand Touch Computers

References from the approximate years 1994 to 1995.

This compilation and all annotations are copyright Jean Renard Ward, 1993

2004, 2011.

Permission is granted to use this information in publication, includingconfidential reports, provided that accompanying text clearly makes reference

to the URL for this page, along with the statement:

Source:Annotated Bibliography in On-line Character Recognition,

Pen Computing, Gesture User Interfaces and Tablet and Touch

Computers

Copyright Jean Renard Ward

These are items in my personal collection, either as physical items or

(sometimes) as PDF files. I can be contacted [email protected].

Copyright Thu Oct 24 22:10:55 EDT 2013 .

Mirrors of this page can be found at:

http://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio95.html

http://216.15.114.196:81/pens/biblio95.html

http://rwservices.no-ip.info:81/pens/biblio95.html (Generally most up-to-date)

Main Reference Page

[AbrahamRI95](*)Abraham, Robert I; Moore, Richard E.; Rich, William

L.; Shackelford, Floyd W.; Tiller, John R. Jr.; and Briggs, Richard S. Jr.

"Slot Objects for an Object Oriented Programming System", United

States Patent 5,410,702, April 25, 1995
http://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio93.htmlhttp://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio98.htmlhttp://216.15.114.196:81/pens/biblio95.htmlmailto:[email protected]://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio98.htmlhttp://users.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.htmlhttp://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio93.htmlhttp://rwservices.no-ip.info:81/pens/biblio95.htmlhttp://216.15.114.196:81/pens/biblio95.htmlhttp://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio95.htmlmailto:[email protected]

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

2/55


users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio95.html 2

Implementation of a slot object: citations back to 1982

[ActiveDesk95a](*)Buxton, Bill "The Active Desk and Prototyping the

Future", Alias/Wavefront, 1995, Toronto Canada. Link to video on

www.buxton.com (2011)

Active Desk whiteboard / collaborative drawing space prototype using large

Scriptel digitizer tablet and rear-projection display. Compare with Microsoft

Surface, Digital Desk[Agulnick94](*)Agulnick, Todd; Carr, Robert; Hoeber, Tony; Kaplan, S.

Jerrold; Low, David R. and Ouye, Michael "Control of a computer through

a position-sensed stylus", United States Patent 5,347,295 assigned to

GO Corp, Foster city, California, September 13, 1994

Describes using a pen stylus for entering commands via character

recognition / gestures into a computer, recognizing and executing command

after out-of-proximity/end-of-stroke/time-out. Compare with Ledeen, which

did not have gestures made on the display. Specific reference to first,second and third gestures in a sequence for a compound gesture (multiple

flicks, multiple taps, etc.). Specific reference to direction of motion of the

gesture. Animated marquee on selection after press-and-hold. Describes

feedback to user (idealized form of gesture displayed, or question mark in a

circle) on what gesture recognized. If gesture not appropriate in context,

error returned (displayed). Proximity sensing for termination of gesture.

[AhlbergC94a](*)Ahlberg, Christopher and Shneiderman, Ben "The

Alphaslider: A Compact and Rapid Selector", Proc. CHI 94, April, 1994,Boston, pp. 365..371

Slider/selector/scrollbar for scrolling through long alphanumeric sorted lists

(e.g. rolodex or dictionary): variable-speed scrolling (accelleration) if slider

thumb moved more quickly. Acceleration not work well, especially since user

could just tap on alphabetical index (linear alphabetically) next to scroll bar.

Also micrometer (fine positioning) mode by moving mouse perpendicularly to

scroll motion: confusing to users.

[AhmadS95a](*)Ahmad, Subutai "A Usable Real-Time 3D HandTracker", Proc. 28th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems, and

Computers, 1995

Optical (camera) hand tracking system for smart desk: track hand, multiple

fingertips, finger joints.

[AllardDJ95a](*)Allard, David J.; Beatty, Brent A.; Canova, Francis J.

Jr.; DeBauche, Bradley J.; Hsieh, Danile M.; Johnson, Debra A.G.,

Lanier, Charles S.; Lewis, James R.; Tiller, Byron K.; Villafana, Willam;

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

3/55



and Yee, Raymond L. "Personal Communicator Having Improved Contrast

Control for a Liquid Crystal Touch Sensitive Display", United States Patent

5,422,656, June 6, 1995

IBM Simon: up/down physical buttons for volume on cell phone switched to

contrast-adjustment mode either by pressing both buttons together, or

tapping on a particular spot on the touchscreen.

[AllardDJ95b](*)Allard, David J.; Beatty, Brent A.; Canova, Francis J.Jr.; DeBauche, Bradley J.; Hsieh, Danile M.; Johnson, Debra A.G.,

Lanier, Charles S.; Lewis, James R.; Tiller, Byron K.; Villafana, Willam;

and Yee, Raymond L. "Personal communicator having a touch sensitive

contol panel", European Patent Application 94307982.2, EP0651544A2,

May 3, 1995

IBM Simon: cellphone/smartphone with touchscreen, can show screens in

both landscape and portrait orientation based on user on-screen rotation

button.[AndrewC94a](*)Andrew, Christopher and Bloomfield, Marc. A. "Palette

Manager in a Graphical User Interface Computer System", United States

Patent 5,371,844, December 6, 1994Select new color from a palette, drag onto a UI element to change its color in

OS/2. Dynamic themes/scheme manager via GUI.

File also contains EP published patent application 0 591 571 A1.

[Apple95a](*)Apple Computer, Inc. "Apple Outlines Newton Wireless

Comm Solutions", Apple Computer press relese, January 30, 1995Apple Newton support for wireless communications, not on a single-vendor

network

[AppleNewton94a](*)Apple "Welcome to Newton (promotional video)",

Apple computer, Inc. 1994

Video demonstration of Apple Newton user interface, including "heavy mark"

gesture. Video in electronic files: transcript fetched from

guidebookgallery.org 2010. Text file has complete transcription of text.

Zigzag gesture to rubout (gesture). Copy-and-paste by moving text to edgeof (small) screen. press-and-hold gesture on Newton "heavy mark", with

highlight. Press-and-hold highlight is to move text (12:50), different drag and

tap-drag gestures for move and for copy. At 12:20 shows rub-out gesture

recognized in inking/writing mode. 12:40 pop-up virtual keyboard.

[AppleNewton94b](*)Apple "Apple Newton Connection 2.0 Update",

Apple computer, Inc. 1994

File transfer / connection utility between Apple Newton and Apple

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

4/55



MacIntosh. Also calendar Date Book syncronization. Network connection?

Parallel cable?

[AppleNewton95a](*)Apple "Newton: Apple MessagePad Handbook,

1995", Apple computer, Inc. 1995

Apple Newton: describes various gestures and UI features, including "heavy

mark" selection gesture: press-and-hold in text? Describes rotate button to

change screen orientation[AppleNewton95b](*)Apple "Newton Technology An overview of a new

technology from Apple", Apple computer, Inc. 1995

Apple Newton: whitepaper about product concepts for Apple Newton: Apple

Newton fax/phone (desktop) with notetaking, Newton Map, fold-out three

panel touchscreen pen computer, Newton touchscreen wristwatch (larger

panel -- wrist-mounted computer), Newton classroom whiteboard, Newton

family message center (Message pad hanging on refrigerator)

[ATT95a](*)A.T. & T. "ATT Video of ATT Personal CommunicatorVideon", AT\&T 1995, fetched from YouTube (URL on file)

Vision of future technology. Shows personal hand-held video communication

(like Skype) with pen touchscreen interface.

[Baecker95a](*)Baecker, Ronald M.; Grudin, J.; Buxton, W.A.S. and

Greenberg, S. "Readings in Human-computer Interaction: Toward the

Year 2000, Second Edition", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1995Case study C: Wang Freestyle, pen-based voice/electronic-ink annotation

system. Describes substantial public interest and acclaim when Freestylereleased in 1988 (citations)

Cited in MyersB96: ITS from IBM Research as automatic

generation/generator tool for user interfaces.

[BatesCL94a](*)Bates, C.L., Ryan, J.M. and Watts, B.T. "Non-Opaque

Selection Method for Concealed Window Resources", IBM Technical

Disclosur eBulletin, Vol 37 No 06a, June 1994, pp. 251-256

To see windows underneath/obscured by other windows, user selects a

mode whereby all windows become transparent: only the title bar and theframes are drawn. User can click on title bar (or frame) to bring that windows

to the top, and transparency dropped.

[BartlettJF94a](*)Bartlett, Joel F. "Computer System and Method for

Displaying Images with Superimposed Partially Transparent Menus",

United States Patent 5,283,560, February 1, 1994

Transparent menus/windows in graphical user interface, does not block view

of elements on screen underneath

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

5/55



[BedersonB94a](*)Bederson, Benjamin B.; Stead, Larry; and Hollan,

James D. "Pad++: Advances in Multiscale Interfaces", Proc. CHI '94, Apri

1994, Short Papers pp. 315-316

Infinite resolution multimedia sketchpad: infinite resolution display windowed

into smaller display area: parallel lazy loading, only load/render data that is

current viewable: example is browsing photos.

[BedersonB94b](*)Bederson, Benjamin B. and Hollan, James D."Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface for Exploring Alternate Interface

Physics", Proc. UIST '94, Nov. 2-4, 1994, pp. 17-26

Alternative graphical user interface to icons menus and windows, show smal

snapshots / postage-stamps of simulated desk objects. Directory browser is

array of small thumbnail images of pages/documents.

[BedersonB94c](*)Bederson, Benjamin B. and Hollan, James D.

"Pad++: A Zoomable Graphical Interface", Proc. CHI 94

Multiple scale / multi-scale data visualization user interface: example isdirectory browser, with thumbnails inside of thumbnails and multiple levels

[Bederson95](*)Bederson, Benjamin B. and Hollan, James D.

"Advances in the Pad++ Zoomable Graphics Widget", Third Annual Tcl/Tk

Workshop, July 1995, www.usenix.org

Multiple graphical representations of data, constraint-based graphical editing

[BedersonB95a](*)Bederson, Benjamin B. and Hollan, James D.

"Pad++: A Zoomable Graphical Interaface System", Proc. CHI '95

Zoomable user interface, example is "world view" of documents, similar tothumbnail. Compare with Telesis "world view".

[BierEA94a](*)Bier, Eric A.; Stone, Maureen C; Fishkin, Ken; Buxton,

William; and Baudel, Thomas "A Taxonomy of See-Through Tools", Proc.

CHI '94, pp. 358-364

See-through transparent/translucent tools can be placed over an object

without obscuring objects under the tool. One option is a gesture-

interpreting tool. (Compare with gesture-buttons.) Two-handed input

(trackball and mouse cursor: multitouch?) trackball moves a virtualtransparent layer, such as a transparent selection/framing tool and a mouse

click to make an action happen.

[BierE94b](*)Bier, Eric "Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-Through

Interface", Shown at CHI '94, available on youtube.com

Video demonstration to accompany paper of same title. At about 2:00 shows

dragging a "Fill Color" menu with transparent parts over an image. Dual-

pane clipboard for picking up divers multiple objects.

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

6/55



[BierE94c](*)Bier, Eric "A Taxonomy of See-Through Tools (Video

Presentation)", Xerox PARC, 1994, available on youtube.com

Video demonstration to accompany paper of same title. At about 0:25 shows

a tool sheet (menu with buttons) with transparent sections being dragged

over an image. Transparent pie menus / marking menu gestures. Unistroke

gestures on a tool: compare with gesture buttons. 3:10 gesture interpreter

tool / handwriting pad (Goldberg unistroke recognition). Mnemonic gestures:e.g. "C" for copy, "T" for translate/move --

[BierE94d](*)Bier, Eric "Enhanced Dynamic Queries Using Magic

Lenses and Magic Lenses as Art (Video Presentation)", Xerox PARC,

1994, available on youtube.com

Video demonstration. Shows tool window with frame and buttons (but most

is transparent) being dragged over a map, and certain features of the map

are altered (pixels combined?) Also, at about 0:59 shows translucent

overlaying of two tool windows.[BierE94e](*)Bier, Eric "The Movable Filter as a User Interface Tool

(Video Presentation)", Shown at CHI '94, available on youtube.com

Video demonstration. At about 0:50 shows window tool with circular "view"

area that changes color of pixels underneath (combined pixels), with part of

tool transparent, also with buttons and controls in the window.

[BlaisG95a](*)Blais, Gerard and Levine, Martin D. "Registering

Multiview Range Data to Create 3D Computer Objects", IEEE PAMI, Vol

17 No 8, August 1995, pp. 820-824Mathematical process for aligning/matching portions of surface from multiple

views from a single camera. Compare with structure-through-motion.

[BlandfordRR94a](*)Blandford, Robert R. "Personal Computer Diary",

United States Patent 5,347,579, September 13, 1994

PIM/Diary that keeps change/delta diff record of changed entries so that

previous entries can be reconstructed, and automatic monitoring for dates

and other phrases to prompt user to add to diary. Compare to marking

menus/keyboard?[Blickenstorfer95](*)Blickenstofer, Conrad H. "Editorial: Vertical market

hardware manufacturers growing stronger, but they'r enow facing a

challenge from consumer electronics giants and their marketing savvy",

Pen Computing Magazine, Issue No. 6, August/September 1995

Mentions Scriptel WriteTouch front-mount digitizer for Windows95 and

Windows for Pen Computing: cites Windows 95 as having better pen-

computing support than Windows for Pen Computing 1.0, although tablet

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

7/55



drivers are not included. Norand PEN*KEY6100 vertical market pen tablet

device.

[BoieRA95a](*)Boie, Robert A.; Ruedisueli, Laurence W.; and Wagner,

Eric R. "Computer mouse or keyboard input device utilizing capacitive

sensors", United States Patent 5,463,388, October 31, 1995Capacitive matrix grid digitizer: objects near intersections of wires affect

capactiance between wires. Gets area measurement of adjacent intersectionpoints, computes centroid/peak from adjaecent (independent) sensors

nodes. Used for mouse and for touch keypad in one device. Compressibility

of fingertip to infer pressure (force). multi-touch capable?

See also Radio Drum

[Borucki94](*)Borucki, Gregory "Surface acoustic wave touchscreen

sealing system", United States Patent 5,332,238, July 26, 1994Sealing for SAW touchscreen tablet: see citations for actual surface acoustic

wave touchscreen technologies

Elographics IntelliTouch Systems Manual, 1988

[Bosscher94](*)Bosscher, Peter J. and Yeazel, Dean "Phase I Report:

Using handheld Data Collectors in Highway construction for Accounting

and Materials Management", Report to the Wisconsin Department of

Transportation, January 10, 1994

Recommends PenRight! Pro as leading pen-centric development

environment, Windows for Pen Computing lacks pen-centric features, non-

pen-centric development tools are unfeasible. No mention of Newton or

PenPoint.

[BritzDM95a](*)Britz, David M. "Personal Communicator Having

Orientable Video Imaging Element", United States Patent 5,414,444, May

9, 1955

Smartphone / communicator with video camera and display: camera is

mechanically steerable

[BurnsJ95](*)Burns, John and Lloyd, Sheelagh A. "Position-sensing

Apparatus", United States Patent 5,442,147, August 15, 1995

Opticial digitizer tablet: Note similarity to Anoto: printed surface of pattern

cells, making use of sub-patterns. Refers also to a "single-pixel" sensor

stylus.

[BusinessWeek95](*)Business Week "PenRight! launches first cross

platform pen-based mobile computing application development tool",

Business Week magazine (Business Wire), July 24, 1996

Abstract/Summary only: PenRight cross-platform development environment

for pen computing: PenRight! for Windows create Windows and DOS

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

8/55



applications for PDAs, tablets, handhelds, etc. from single source code

[Buxton94x](*)Buxton, W. "Combined keyboard / touch tablet input

device", Xerox Disclosure Journal, 19(2), 109-111.

See also http://www.billbuxton.com: User flips keyboard top over to expose

touchscreen: touch tablet is multi-touch sensitive and pressure (force)

sensitive, with virtual sliders and further touch elements.

[Buxton94y](*)Buxton, W. "Two-handed Document Navigation", XeroxDisclosure Journal, 19(2), 103-108.

Two overlapping operations by user as same time using pointing input in

both hands. Describes scrolling gestures: smooth scrolling as touch-slide-

release, page turning with touch-rapid flick-release, and jumping to scrollbar

touch location on a touch surface. Also mentions wireless touch tablet

PARCtab.

See also http://www.billbuxton.com

[Buxton95a](*)

Buxton, William A.S. and Kurtenbach, Gordon P. "Animproved graphical keyboard", European Patent Application 94120248.3,

Publication Number 0 660 218 A1, June 28, 1995

Graphical on-screen keyboard using gestures for modifier keys such as shift

and control: e.g. tap "a" key for lower-case a, upward flick for Upper case,

right flick gesture for Control-a, right-upward angle gesture for control-shift-

A, etc. Mentions interchangability of other types of input devices: mouse,

tablet, trackball, etc. press-and-wait / PenStill / press-and-hold for marking

menu, gesture and wait at end of mark also for multiple heirarchy of menus.

Four events: PenDown, PenDrag, PenUp, PenStill (with no movement for a

period of time).

[Buxton95x](*)Buxton, Bill "Chapter 7: Touch, Gesture and Marking",

http://www.dgp.utoronto.ca/OTP/papers/bill.buxton/haptic.htmlhaptic input overview.

Date approximate based on dates of most references, this draft obtained

2002.

[BuxtonWB94c](*)Buxton, Bill "Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-

Through Interface", University of Toronto, 1993. Available at

billbuxton.com

Video presentation of two-handed user interface with tool in non-dominant

hand, tablet stylus in dominant hand. Companion video to "A taxonomy of

see-through tools" and "Toolglass and magic lenses".

[CabralAW95a](*)Cabral, Authur W. et alet al "Obect-Oriented Graphic

System", United States Patent 5,455,599, Oct. 3, 1995

Object-based graphical development system with polymorphic inheritance

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

9/55



[CappsS94a](*)Capps, Stephen et al "Method and apparatus for

correcting words", United States Patent 5,367,453, November 22, 1994

Handwriting recognition that let use display pop-up list of alternative

recognition results for words (from spelling dictionary) by entering a gesture

to bring it up, user can pick appropriate word, or use virtual keyboard to type

in correct word.

[CappsS94b](*)Capps, Stephen et al "Method for manipulating objectson a computer display", United States Patent 5,345,543, September 6,

1994

Rotate an object with a stylus by means of a center axle mark, and a handle

used to rotate.

[CappsSP94c](*)Capps, Stephen P.; Beernink, Ernest H.; Meier, John

R.; and Temkin, David "Method and apparatus for correcting words",

United States Patent 5,367,452, November 22, 1994

On pen computer or tablet, pop-up list of alternative handwriting recognitionresults, user can pick from list or enter word via virtual keyboard. Figures

show pop-up keyboard of Apple Newton. Correction gestures (insert, delete

gesture, etc.). Refers to keyboard gesture (tap on keyboard image),

correction gesture (tap on menu of alternative words).

[CappsS95a](*)Tchao, Michael C. and Capps, Stephen P. "Pointing

gesture based computer note pad paging and scrolling interface", United

States Patent 5,398,310

Stephen Capps is listed in over 50 patents for pen-computing user-interfacefeatures, mostly from the Apple Newton.

Gestures on buttons or command-input areas to edit electronic-ink notes:

notes not necessarily ink.

Few if any references before. Compare with van Raamsdonk, Pencept, and

CIC.

[CappsS95b](*)Capps, Stephen, and Beernink, Ernest H. "Method and

apparatus for formatting paragraphs", United States Patent 5,479,596,

December 26, 1995, Assigned to Apple Computer IncAutomatic re-flow / formatting of paragraphs from handwritten (or "pointing"input): compare to van Raamsdonk.

Stephen Capps is listed in over 50 patents for pen-computing user-interface

features, mostly from the Apple Newton.

Few references before 1990 Compare with van Raamsdonk, Pencept, CIC

[CappsS95c](*)Capps, Stephen et al "Method and apparatus for the

manipulation of text on a computer display screen", United States Patent

5,442,742, August 15, 1995

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

10/55



Stephen Capps is listed in over 50 patents for pen-computing user-interface

features, mostly from the Apple Newton.

Patents cite little or no prior art before 1990 ... Compare with van

Raamsdonk, Pencept, CIC

[CappsS95d](*)Capps, Stephen et al "Visible clipboard for graphical

computer environments", United States Patent 5,404,442, April 4, 1995

Stephen Capps is listed in over 50 patents for pen-computing user-interfacefeatures, mostly from the Apple Newton.

Patents cite little or no prior art before 1990 ... Compare with van

Raamsdonk, Pencept, CIC

[CarrDA94a](*)Carr, David A. "Specification of Interface Interaction

Objects", Proc. CHI '94, Boston Massachusetts

Shows graphical/touchscreen slide switches and toggles, three-state

"secure switch" toggle. Compare to Apple slide-to-unlock gesture?

[CarrDA95a](*)Carr, David Andrew "A Compact GraphicalRepresentation of User Interface Interaction Objects", Ph.D. dissertation,

Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Maryland, 1995

User Action Notation for user interface objects. Example: Secure switch

graphical object for preventing accidental manipulation of a device under

computer control, such as master power switch for factory machinery.

Compare to Apple slide-to-unlock gesture?

[CerdaM95a](*)Cerda, Michael "EO Interest Document",

www.utexas.edu/ftp/microlib/eo/htmlPersonal note on EO with PenPoint: lists of collected EO/PenPoint

materials. EO based in UK?

[ChangL94](*)Chang, Larry and MacKenzie, I. Scott "A Comparison of

Two Handwriting Recognizers for Pen-based Computers", Proceedings of

CASCON '94, pp. 364-371, Toronto: IBM Canada

Compare Pen-Windows and CIC Handwriter recognizers: the CIC

handwriting recognizer performed better, both with and without constraints.

[ChattyS95](*)Chatty, Stephane; Lecoanet, Patrick; and Mertz,Christophe "Toward pen-based interaction with ATC tools", Air Traffic

Control Quarterly, Vol 3 No 4, 1995, pp 205-228

GRIGRI (French slang for "scribble") system using pen-computing gesture

recognition in user interface for air traffice control ATC. Modeled on flight

strips for air traffic control. See also "Digistrips". Numeric entries for flight

numbers via menus. Cites PenPoint. Lists fifteen single-stroke gestures,

some of which are alphabetic. Mentions that pen-based computing is bad for

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

11/55



large ATC display screens (arm fatigue). Refers to gesture input as "mark-

based input".

[CloughWA95](*)Clough, William A.; Ouelette, Daneil; De La

Sablonniere, Serge "Portable Computer with Touch Screen and Computer

System Employing Same", United States Patent 5,379,057, January 3,

1995

Portable slate pen-computer using touch screen (not proximity digitizer):Microslate, Inc. of Canada. Describes having an automatic application

generator. Refers to drop-down pick list as a "library" of answers for touch-

screen selection.

[ComputerBusinessReview94a](*)Computer Business Review "Hand-

helds on the Battlefield: Grunts are to get the Texas Micro Grunt",

Computer Business Review, 10 August 1994

The Grunt: Texas Microsystems 3.5 pound Windows for Pen Computing

portable computer using MicroTouch touch-screen: pen or specialpen/stylus.

[ComputerWoche95a](*)Computerwoche "Mobile Computing

Griffelcomputer haben sich in einigen Projekten bewaehrt -- Cruisepad,

PoqetPad", Computerwoche1995 : available at www.computerwoche.de

Pen-based computers / pen computers useful in data collectin with UPS,

engineering maintenance on ships, of immediate access to data (stored in

device) and faster to input test or delivery data. Mentions that generally no

or little use of handwriting recognition, data entry by picking on pre-designedforms, adjusting sliders, sketches. PoquetPad hand-held pen computer,

CruisePad separate tablet/display for wireless access to PC within 100

mete`:wq

[CoronaJ95a](*)Corona, James; Henderson, Randal L. and Laib,

Gregory D. "Method and System for Independent Control of Multiple

Windows in a Graphics Display System", United States Patent 5,475,812,

December 12, 1995

Transparent overlay windows in graphical user interface, pixel blending[Cripps95](*)Cripps, Marcus "Introduction to PenWindows", Available at

http://tawny.cs.nott.ac.uk/AMI/apprentice/INTERNAL/tech08.htm

Architectural overview of the PenWindows / Windows for Pen Computing

system from Microsoft: hedit and bedit controls, Pen Extensions, normal and

inking mode, RC handwriting recognition manager, PenWin.dll

[Cubictechcorp95a](*)cubictechcorp "LabView User Manuals",

cubictechcorp.homestead.com/Manuals.html, fetched 2009

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

12/55



LabView manuals from early 1990's for visual programming language.

Shows slide switches, manuals for sale?

[DarwinI95a](*)Darwin, Ian; Quercia, Valerie; and O'Reilly, Tim "X

Window System User's Guide - OPEN LOOK Edition", Open-Source

publication of manuscript originally for O'Reilly publishers, 1995

Open Look windows management system / user interface. Drag-Right-

Distance to select sub-menu. MoveThreshold, MouseDamping systemproperties. Compare with press-and-hold

[DeTar94](*)DeTar, Jim "NCR, Scriptel push cordless digitizer - NCR

Microelectronic Products and Scriptel Holding Inc. develop WriteTouch

cordless electrostatic digitizer", Electronic News, Nov 14, 1994, Available

on http://findarticles.com

Electrostatic / capacitive digitizer from Scriptel, can sense finger input as

well as stylus

[DrummDE94a](*)Drumm, Donald E. "Computer Input Device using anOrientation Sensor", United States Patent 5,297,119, February 15, 1994

Donald Drumm "Orb" project from Wang Freestyle: pointing device for

accessibility, uses head-mounted tilt sensor to push cursor position, simple

voice detection circuit that detects fricatives "s" sound versus vocalized

sounds.

[EatonJK94a](*)Eaton, John K. and Eaton, Laura "LabTutor: A Friendly

Guide to Computer interfacing and LabVIEW Programming", Oxford

University Press, 1994LabVIEW graphical programming language.

[ECMA95a](*)ECMA/European Computer Manufacturers Association

"Application Programming Interface for Windows", Standard ECMA-234,

Decmeber 1995. www.ecma.ch

Standardization functional specification of Microsoft Windows 3.1 application

programming interface. WS_EX_TRANSPARENT creates transparent

window. Also GetBkMode TRANSPARENT parameter for drawing.

Transparent windows are included in windows hit testing.[EliensA95a](*)Eliens, A. "Hush -- a C++ API for Tcl/Tk", The X

Resource, Issue 14, April 1995, O'Reilly & Ass., pp 111-155

Refers to mapping of events to mouse buttons in user interface. Compare to

press-and-hold.

[EloTouch95](*)Elo TouchSystems, Inc. "DOS and Windows Driver

Guide, version 2.0", Elo TouchSystems, Inc. 105 Randolph Road, Oak

Ridge, Tennessee 37830. Copyright 1987..1995

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

13/55



Contains description of touchscreen implementation of mouse menus for

DOS application which are not "mouse-aware". See also Microsoft

documentation on MENU.COM and mouse menus. Tablet drivers for mouse

emulation in DOS and Windows.

[Essex95](*)Essex, David "Rewriting Handwriting Recognition", Byte

Magazine, June 1995

Refers to reduced expectations on handwriting recognition accuracy, not toread human-illegible handwriting. Reference to Doonesbury commentary,

use of point-and-tap selections and digital ink. Shows modified Graffiti

character set (neography), Lexicus Cursive Recognition

[FaughnanJ95](*)Faughnan, John "Bar coding journal articles -

DataGlyphs", Posting to ftp.org/mailmain discussion list, December 29,

1995

Proposal to use a DataGlyph (two-dimenstional barcode) to having

indexable/scannable information at the start of published articles. Compareto Silverbrook patents of 2004, and to Anoto. Note: there was a similar

technology for a 2D barcode date for articles already in place in the 1980's?

[Fenwick95](*)Fenwick, Daniel J. "Generation of Interdependent Font

Characters Based on Ligature and Glyph Categoriations", United States

Patent 5,412,771, May 2, 1995, assigned to Signature Software Inc.,

Hood River, Oregon

Creating of a "handwriting-looking" font from samples of someone's

handwriting: refers in claims to automatic classification/categorization basedon slope and other characteristics of the characters

[FitzmauriceG95a](*)Fitzmaurice, George W.; Ishii, Hiroshi; Buxton,

William "Bricks: laying the Foundations for Graspable User Interfaces",

Proc. CHI 1995

GraspDraw project: Physical devices coupled to "virtual" objects via position

sensors: blocks (bricks) that may be moved on a position-sensing surface.

Refers to multiple-value input being either time-multiplexed (one mouse or

stylus) or space-multiplexed (two hands).[Frankish95](*)Frankish, Clive; Hull, Richard; Morgan, Pam "Recognition

Accuracy and User Acceptance of Pen Interfaces", CHI '95 Proceedings,

available at

http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/crf_bdy.htm

Short study of Windows for Pen Computing handwriting recognition

accuracy, compares to Neisser60, cites also LaLomia94

[Fried-Nielson94a](*)Fried-Nielsen, Lars K. "Symbol Browsing in an

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

14/55



Object-Oriented Development system", United States Patent 5,339,433

IDE development environment with object, code browser, links reference to

source code. No layout editor for GUI shown.

[FriendJ95a](*)Friend, John; Freedman, Mike; Bricklin, Dan "Input

Device with Deferred Translation", United States Patent 5,455,901

Delayed translation/Deferred recognition of electronic ink, part of

Slate/Bricklin thinking of ink as a data type. Implemented for PenPoint andPen Windows in PenApps, a Visual-Basic like language. Refers to leaving

electronic ink displayed if handwriting not recognized, or handwriting

recognition result not found in dictionary. User can also display ink instead

of recognized text. Gestures?

[GarfinkelS95a](*)Garfinkel, Simson "PGP Pretty Good Privacy:

Encryption for Everyone", O'Reilly, 1995

Guide to PGP public/private key cryptography and PKI

[Garnet94a](*)Brad A. Myers, Dario Giuse, Andrew Mickish, BradVander Zanden, David Kosbie, James A. Landay, Richard McDaniel,

Rajan Parthasarathy, Matthew Goldberg, Roger B. Dannenberg, Philippe

Marchal, Ed Pervin "The Garnet Reference Manuals: Revised for Version

3.0", CMU Computer Science report CMU-CS-90-117-R5, December

1994, and additional materials

Collection of reference manuals and papers for Garnet IDE (see other refs)

from CMU archive web site: includes directory listings.

[GeisslerJG95a](*)Geissler, Joerg "gedrics: The Next Generation ofIcons", Proc. 5th Int'l Conf. on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT

'95), Lillehammer, Norway, June 27-29 1995, pp. 73-78

Critique of Pen Windows / W4PC as only encompasing double-click, not

drawing of gestures. Gedrics: gesture-driven icon. Gestures (of single

stroke, to be fast) are performed on an icon: tab to activate, right-left to

open, single-stroke question mark for help menu, closed "X" to delete,

press/hold or hold/drag for copy/paste/move-to-parent, etc. circle left and

circule right. Implementation on Newton. Does not mention "marking menus"[GeneralMagic94a](*)General Magic "General Magic Phone Predates

Smartphones", General Magic Corporation. Video available at

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wko0m6XA9yg, Fetched 2011

Video presentation of General magic smart phone / PDA. Slate computer

with stylus touchscreen from Sony. Appears to be resistive film tablet.

Calendaring, virtual keyboard, electronic ink for notetaking, Personal Link

communiation network services from AT&T for email, etc.

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

15/55



[GeneralMagic94b](*)General Magic "Video Telescript General Magic:

A 1994 Vision of the Future", General Magic Corporation. Video available

at http://www.youtube.com Fetched 2011

Video presentation of General magic smart phone / PDA. Slate computer

with stylus touchscreen from Sony. Appears to be resistive film tablet. Focus

is on Telescript: early messaging/email service?

[GeneralMagic95a](*)General Magic "Telescript Language Reference,October 1995", General Magic Corporation

Telescript: Prototype-based programming language for pen-centric pen

computing applications for General magic platform.

[GeoWorks94a](*)GeoWorks "GEOS Concepts Version 3.0",

Geoworks, Incorporated 1994

GEOS/Geoworks system documentation for pen-computing operating

system on Nokia 9000. Includes discussion of electronic ink, handwriting

recognition, API for gesture recognition.[GeoWorks94b](*)GeoWorks "GEOS Objects Version 3.0, Nokia 9000

Communicator SDK", Geoworks, Incorporated 1994

GEOS/Geoworks system documentation for pen-computing operating

system on Nokia 9000. Class heirarchy and messages.

[GerlachJD94a](*)Gerlach, John D. and Weiblen, Michael E. "System

for Relocating a Multimedia Presentation on a Different Platform by

Extracting a Resource Map in Order to Remap and Relocate Resources",

United States Patent 5,317,732, May 31, 1994Visual programming language / GUI for creating programmed multimedia

presentations

[GerpheideGE94a](*)Gerpheide, George E. "Methods and apparatus

for data input", United States Patent 5,305,017, April 19, 1994

Capacitive/electrostatic grid tablet ("dipole electrodes"), finger affects

capacitance at intersections. Coarse position is the grid crossing point with

the highest value for change of capactance. Interpolates between two

adjacent grid crossing points for higher fine resolution to determine centroidof finger position. Proximity sensing. Says Rympalski measures changes in

capacitance as conductive object comes near. Compare with multi-touch?

[GesslerS95a](*)Gessler, Stefan and Kotulla, Andreas "PDAs as mobile

WWW browsers", Proc. WWWF '94, Computer Networks and ISDN

Systems, 1995. Available at ww.teco.uni-

karlsruhe.de/~stefan/papers/wwwf94/www_pda.html

Speculative (forward-looking) paper on web-browser for PDA Apple Newton:

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

16/55



advantage is ubiquity and portability, disadvantage was high wireless data

charges while mobile, small display and small memory.

[Greanias95](*)Greanias, Evon C.; Verrier, Guy F.; Donaldson, Robert

L. "Touch Overlay for Improved Touch Sensitivity", United States Patent

5,386,219, January 31, 1995

Capacitive grid digitizer, transparent on top of display

[GreenbergS94](*)Greenberg, Saul "HCI Video Resources", Availableat

http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~saul/hci_topics/hci_resources/videos.htmlExtensive list of video tapes from ACM CHI, CSCW, and ACM SIGGRAPH

Vieo Review relating to handwriting recognition, sketch input, signature

verification, and pen-computing: 1983 to 1994.

1963 Video: Videotape of Sketchpad system by Sutherland

1985 Video: Software Control at the Stroke of a Pen - Pencept - CHI '85

1989 Video: The Paper-Like Interface, IBM Watson Research Center - CHI

'89

1989 Video: Freestyle - Wang Labs - CHI '89

1992 Video: Combining Gesture and Direct Manipulation - CMU

1992 Video: Touchscreen Toggle Design - Univ. of Maryland

1992 Video: Tactile Manipulation on a Digital desk - Rank Xerox EuroPARC

Video: Alternate Reality Kit - Xerox PARC

Video: The Lapidary Graphical User Interface Design Tool - Univ. of

Tennesee

[GreysonAM95a](*)Greyson, Ann M.; Hokit, Jeffrey D.; Kaptanoglu,Marjory; Wagner, Annete M.; and Capps, Stephen P. "Method and

apparatus for the manipulation of text on a computer display screen",

United States Patent 5,442,742, August 15, 1995

Apple Newton: selected text in text editor can be copied/pasted by drag-and-

drop: shaded image of text is what user drags around. Compare with floating

icon for drag-and-drop in PenPoint?

[HarrisonBL95a](*)Harrison, Beverly L.; Kurtenbach, Gordon; and

Vincente, Kim J. "An Experimental Evaluation of Transparent UserInterface Tools and Information Content", Proc. UIST 95, Pittsburgh,

USA, November 1995,

Show semi-transparent pop-up menus (including pie menus or context

menus) semi-transparent or wire-frame over object, so that user can still see

context, underlying image/object not obscured. See-through UI tools.

[HarrisonBL95b](*)Harrison, Beverly L.; Ishii, Hiroshi; Vicente, Kim J.

and Buxton, William A.S. "Transparent Layered User Interfaces: An

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

17/55



Evaluation of a Display Design to Enhance Focused and Divided

Attention", Proc. CHI 95, May 7-11, November 1995, pp. 317..324

User interface with semi-transparent windows, menus, dialogue boxes, other

objects with attention to "layered" interface objects, click-through tools. Cites

to Knowlton on dynamically re-labelled buttons and keys.

[HayesP94](*)Hayes, P. "NameFinder: software that finds names in

text", Proc. of RIAO '94, pp 762-774Abstract only: Commercial product that finds literal names based on

capitalization, and dictionary, plus knowledge engineering rules. Compare

with regex expressions to find phone numbers. Finding names, combine with

UI?

[HenckelJDD95](*)Henckel, Jonathan D. and Hospers, Paul A. "Data

Processing System Graphical User Interface which Emulates Printed

Material", United States Patent 5,463,725, October 31, 1995

Gesture (?) for turning a page by touching edge of page in a simulated bookand moving animated page(s) to the left or right. Compare with flick gesture,

PenPoint OS metaphor of notebook pages?

[HenshawSF94a](*)Henckel, Jonathan D. and Hospers, Paul A.

"Translucent Windows: Dragging an Image without Obscuring the

Desktop", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol 37 No 10, October 1994

Translucent/semi-transparent window on OS/2 so as not to obscure image

underneath (touchscreen/mouse). Blending for transparency is done by

checkerboard of BITBLT, so that background image with colors appearsvisible.

[HinckleyK94a](*)Hinckley, Ken; Pausch, Randy; Goble, John C.; and

Kassell, Neal F. "A Survey of Design Issues in Spatial Input", Proc. UIST

'94, November 1994, Marian del Rey, California, pp. 213-222

Hybrid user interface: touchscreen UI can be combined with 3-D input

device, because user can reach out to touch touchscreen with the 3-D input

device in their hand. Relative vs. Absolute gestures: hard to perform

gestures in absolute coordinates. Bi-manual/two-handed inputadvantageous over sequential single-hand input, because user can (e.g.)

position a tool with one hand and use the tool with the other. Mentions using

multiple pointing devices in a prototype (trackball and mouse, or two mice).

User's spontanteous use two hands for combining

translation/rotation/scaling gesture (direct manipulation). Compare with

multi-touch.

[HinckleyKP95a](*)Hinckley, Kenneth P.; Bathiche, Steven N.; Cauthorn

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

18/55



James H.; and Sinclar, Michael J. "Automatic Scrolling", United States

Patent 6,975,306, December 13, 2005

Scroll to line, paragraph, or other document boundary. Scrolling initiated by

minimum gesture movement, with second threshold to stop autoscrolling or

scroll back if touch location has not moved on touch-sensitive surface.

[HopkinsT95](*)Hopkins, Trevor and Horan, Bernard "Smalltalk: An

Introduction to Application Development using Visualworks", VisualworksObject-Oriented Programming Series, 1995

Introduction to Smalltalk language and environment. (Electronic file.)

[HoYL95](*)Ho, Yung-Lung, and Li, Hwok-Leung "Track Pad Cursor

Positioning Device and Method", United States Patent 5,424,756, June

13, 1995

Touchpad controller for very small touchpad: uses (optical) sensing of

velocity to position cursor faster if touch is moving fast.

[HP95a](*)Hewlett-Packard "HP OmniGo 100 PDA product information"Hewlett-Packard

Touchscreen PDA with full keyboard, swivel/convertible/clamsheel display.

Rotate screen between horizontal for keypad input and vertical orientation

for pen input. Graffiti Handwriting recognition software, GEOS operating

system. Paper file contains additional materials.

[HP95b](*)Hewlett-Packard "HP OmniGo 100 Organizer Plus pen-

computer PDA (physical device)", Hewlett-Packard

Functional touchscreen PDA with full keyboard, swivel/convertible/clamsheedisplay. Rotate screen between horizontal for keypad input and vertical

orientation for pen input. (Screen is square, rotation is immediate.) Pop-up

tools have window frame and draggable title bar. Graffiti Handwriting

recognition software, GEOS operating system. Paper file contains additional

materials.

[HP95c](*)Hewlett-Packard "Geoworks Organized Extras for the HP

OmniGo 100", Hewlett-Packard, included with OmniGo devices

Touchscreen PDA with full keyboard, swivel/convertible/clamsheel display,penGEOS osftware. Front cover shows OmniGo 100 with both portrait and

landscape screen orientation. Trademark on "hotsync" "hot-sync" (?) via

OmniGo connectivity pack (Windows software plus serial RS-232C cable).

GeoWorks Bindery for electronic books with hyperlinks in text. IZL

(Interpreted Zoomer Language) programing environment for GeoWorks.

Septor wireless pager/news-alerts services .

[HP95d](*)Hewlett-Packard "HP OmniGo 100 Connectivity Pack File

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

19/55



Management Tool", Hewlett-Packard, included with OmniGo devices

Windows software and serial cable for syncing and transfering between

OmniGo pen PDA and a Windows PC. Trademark on "hotsync" "hot-sync"

(?) via OmniGo connectivity pack (Windows software plus serial RS-232C

cable).

[HP95e](*)Hewlett-Packard "HP OmniGo 100 Quick Start and User's

Reference Guide", Hewlett-Packard, included with OmniGo devicesPen GEOS operating system documentation.

[Hu95](*)Hu, Jianying, Brown, Michael K., and Turin, William "Invariant

Features for HMM Based On-Line Handwriting Recognition", in "Image

Analysis and Processing", Braccini, C., DeFloriani, L. and Vernazza, G.

(Ed.), Springer Verlag, 1995, pp. 588-593, Lecture Notes in Computer

Science #974.

Invariant handwriting features (independent of rotation, translation, scale)

are ratio of tangents and normalized curvature, for Hidden Markov Modelrecognizer

[HuangHC95a](*)Huang, Hung-Chih and Stein, Robert A. "Frontally

Shielded Capacitive Touch Sensor System", United States Patent

5,457,289, October 10, 1995

Resistive-film capacitive touchscreen with front shield to protect from stray

capacitance

[HuangJ95a](*)Huang, Jianming and Knowles, Terence J. "Acoustic

Wave Touch Panel for use with a non-active stylus", United States Patent5,451,723, September 19, 1995

Acoustic wave touchscreen: hard stylus presses on top elastomeric layer,

which then absorbs acoustic energy of wave propogating in layer

underneath

[IBM94](partial)IBM ""Redbook" IBM Pen for OS/2 and PenDOS", IBM

Form Number GG24-4217-00

Architecture of IBM Pen for OS/@ V1.0 and PenDOS from IBM, version 2.2:

Lists gesture assignments by Session Type, Gesture Commands andSessions

[IBM94b](partial)IBM "Simon Says "Here's How!", Simon Mobile

Communications Made Simple, Users Manual", IBM Corp., 1994

IBM Simon user manual. Touch screen uses plastic stylus or finger.

PredictaKey keyboard shows six most likely characters on virtual keyboard,

Other shows next six most likely. User can hightlight numbers in messages

and they are dialed from a pop-up menu. Physical slide switch p. 4 for

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

20/55



On/Off / Resume/Suspend, p. 8 Simon is not completely off. If not off,

touching screen turns unit on. Buttons with broken-line edge are not

available: drag stylus across screen to highlight button, then lift stylus to

select that feature. Some buttons display check mark on/off on touch.

Folder-shaped buttons contain additional buttons. Has search function for

address book p 35. Specifically states that operations happen "when you

release the button" e.g. pen/stylus lift, not on pen/stylus down -- carry-overfrom mouse development?

[IBM94c](partial)IBM "AIX Version 4 Desktop Handbook", IBM Corp.

Document Number GG24-4451-00, December 1994

Windowing system uses different control layout from Microsoft Windows.

Drag-and-drop to printer icons. Style manager allows color palette for all

windows to be updated. Three button mouse, pop-up menu button can be

rightmost of leftmost button depending on handedness of user.

[Impedovo94](partial)Impedovo, Sebastiano, editor "Fundamentals inhandwriting recognition", Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study

Institute on Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition, Chateau de Bonas,

France, June 21-July3, 1993

[Inforite94](partial)Inforite "MP100 Writing Pad, Rite-Expressions

annotation software for handwriting", BYTE Magazine product

announcement, May 1994

Appears to have no relation to Inforite82 product, separate company?

Several companies have used the name "Inforite"?[Intel95a](*)Intel "Intel386 EX Embedded Miroprocessor MHT9000

Handheld Terminal", Intel Application Note AP-719, August 1, 1995

Intel386 embedded processor, includes registers and MTL6560 digitizer

controller for resistive touchscreen (digital voltage measurement),

controller/co-processor for LCD

[InterLink94a](*)InterLink Electronics "InterLink Electronics FSR Force

Sensing Resistors -- VersaPad USB Integration Guide", InterLink

Electronics Sensor Technologies, 1994resistive touchpad using two sheets separated by an air gap, four-wire

sensor. Based on contact resistance, also determines touch pressure

(force). Tap-and-drag gestures. Drag Edge lock: if drag to edge, maintains

drag gesture status for three seconds after release so that drag can be

continued/extended with an additional drag/wipe gesture. Further gestures

include right-click by tapping in upper right corner region of touchpad

digitizer, right edged border scrolling for up/down scrolling.

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

21/55



[Isaacson94](*)Isaacson, Portia "The Power of 'EINK'", OEM

Magagzine, February 1994, Page 93

States large hardware business for specialize electronic chips for PDAs with

electronic ink, handwriting recognition coprocessor. Mentions immaturity

(performance defects) of digitizer tablets. e-ink.

[IsenseeSH95a](*)Isensee, Scott Harlan and Poston, Ricky Lee

"Graphical User Interface Using Transparent Windows", European PatentApplcation 95303142.4, Pub No 0684542A1, Novembeer 29, 1995

User interface, set windows to tranparent so that user can see the

information they have selected.

[Ishigaki94](*)Ishigaki, Kawasaki Kazushi "Handwriting Entry Processing

System Using Keyboard and Mouse Interfaces Requiring No Modification

of an Application Program", United States Patent 5,361,310, November 1,

1994

Handwriting recognition UI characters translated to keyboard input: noreferences to Sklarew/Linus or Ward/Pencept?

[IshiiH94a](*)Ishii, Hiroshi; Kobayashi, Minoru; and Arita, Kazuho

"Iterative Design of Seamless Collaboration Media", CACM, Vol 37 No 8,

August 1994, pp. 83-97

TeamWorkStation-1/ClearBoard: Whiteboard systems: Combined

videoconference image in shared drawing space on workstation display.

Using transparent display, other user appears in video on through

transparent display, writing reversed. Cites to Media Space shared drawingspace from 1988. "Transparent digitizer sheets" -- does not say what

touchscreen technology used.

[JacobRJK94a](*)Jacob, Robert J.K.; Sibert, Linda E.; McFarlane,

Daniel C.; and Mullen, M. Presont Jr. "Integrality and Separability of Input

Devices", ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol 1 No 1,

March 1994, pp. 3-26

Describes mouse as absolute position device if not lifted from pad (sic), thus

a three-dimensional digitizer is equivalent for two dimensions. Refers todevice-independent API interfaces such as ACM CGS. But in practice,

practical attributes of input devices are not separable from types of user

interfaces and interactions.

[JanikCM94a](*)Janik, Craig M. "Flexible Wearable Computer", United

States Patent 5,285,398, Feburary 8, 1994

Wearable computer, a PC (with standard PCMCIA cards, etc.) with

components distributed in pockets in a "utility belt", cables/connectors for

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

22/55



system bus etc. running through belt (or suspenders). Refers to

foldable/portable input/output device for pen-based LCD (or

keyboard/touchscreen).

[JohnsonGW94a](*)Johnson, Gary W. "LabVIEW Graphical

Programming: Practical Applications in INstrumentation and Control",

McGraw-Hill, INc. 1994

LabView graphical programming language for software simulation andcontrol of virtual laboratory instruments, describing dataflow programming.

Text refers to RUN switch in examples (p84/92). Introduction gives history of

LabVIEW to 1986. User interface: notes that scroll bar on MacIntosh and

Windows effectively halts asyncronous/multi-tasking operation.

[KabbashP94a](*)Kabbash, Paul; Buxton, William; and Sellen, Abigail

"Tow-Handed Input in a Compound Task", Proc. CHI '94, Boston,

Massachusetts, April 1994. pp. 417-423

Toolglass two-handed/bimanual user interface: non-dominant hand positionsan object or tool, dominant hand uses or manipulates the object or tool.

[KajlerN95a](*)Kahler, Norbert and Soiffer, Neil "A Survey of User

Interfaces for Computer Algebra Systems", J. symbolic Computation, Vol

11 no 1, 1995.

Survey of mathematical expression editing, mostly from a keyboard (and

mouse?). Section 4.10 talks about pen computing user interfaces: two-

dimensional input is good, but large number of symbols used is problematic

for handwriting recognition[KanoS94a](*)Kano, Shigeru; Nakada, Yasuhiro; and Usuda, Yutaka

"System for editing characters and graphics by pen point entry", UK

Patent Application GB 2274186 A, July 13, 1994

User interface with touchscreen, electronic ink, gesture commands, and

handwriting recognitions. System determines how to interpret user input

based on context such as size relative to known characters, location of input

on/over/awa-from existing ink or characters, whether the input document

already exists, and relative priority of gestures.[Kaplan94](*)Kaplan, Jerry "Startup: A Silicon Valley Adventure",

Penguin Books, ISBN 0-395-71133-9, ISBN 0 14 02.5731.4, 1994History of GO Corporation and PenPoint, experience with IBM and

Microsoft, from point of view of CEO of GO. Compare to account of same

events by Marlin Eller in "Barbarians led by Gates" about PenWindows.

Additional materials in file: winster.com, etc.

[KasselRH95a](*)Kassel, Robert Howard "A Comparison of Approaches

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

23/55



to On-Line Handwritten Character Recognition", Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of

EECS, M.I.T., May 12, 1995

Study of testing handwriting recognition algorithms using some 87,000

characters from 150 writers. Supported by Microsoft Pen Computing Group:

Greg Slyngstad and Sunh Rhee. (Cites variability models of Ward and

Kuklinski, but does not derive implications about 97,000 being a small

sample size.)[KreegarJW95a](*)Kreegar, Jeffrey W. "Non-modal Method and

Apparatus for Manipulating Graphical Objects", United States Patent

5,396,590, Mayrch 7, 1995

User interface to select objects using selection rectangle (objects may

intersect edges), the selected a tool: Scale, Skew, Rotate, etc. Moving

rotate tool changes/sets pivot/rotation point.

[KelleyAJ94a](*)Kelley, A.J. and Salcudean, S.E. "MagicMouse: Tactile

and Kinesthetic Feedback in the Human-Computer Interface using anElectromagnetically Actuated Input/Output Device", Technical Report,

Dept. of E.E., Univ. of Briish Columbia, October 19, 1993

Haptic mouse with force feedback, integrated with X windows.

Electromagnetic actuator in mouse, feedback provided external to host CPU

because control loop through host application too slow or too low in

bandwidth. Turns mouse into absolute position device?

[Kempf94a](*)Kempf, James "HRE API: A Portable Handwriting

Recognition Engine Interface", Available athttp://playground.sun.com/pub/multimedia/handwriting/hre.html

Proposed API for handwriting recognition systems, using pen strokes

optimized for point vectors in the X window system, but otherwise

independent of OS or windowing system

Incremental translation/recognition of handwriting

support for context as for Japanese and Cursive English

API for character prototype files and dictionaries

Data structures for gestures and arbitrary objects

Data structures correlations between recognized objects and pen strokes

[Kempf94b](*)Kempf, James "Preliminary Handwriting Recognition

Engine Application Program Interface for Solaris 2", Available at

http://playground.sun.com/pub/multimedia/handwriting/hre.html

[Kim94](*)Kim, Joonki; Teibman, George J.; and Tappert, Charles C.

"Method and Apparatus for Improving Prototypes of Similar Characters in

On-line Handwriting Recognition", United States Patent 5,285,505,

February 8, 1994.

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

24/55



Averaging out the prototypes in adaptive handwriting recognition system

[KingmanJA95a](*)Kingman, John A.; Larky, Steven P.; and Vanover,

Michael T. "Window specific control of overlay planes in a graphics

display system", United States Patent 5,469,541, November 21, 1995

Transparent overlay windows in a user interface

[KnabeK95a](*)Knabe, Kevin "Apple Guide: A Case Study in User-Aided

Deisng of Online Help", Proc. of CHI '95, Short PapersOn-line help, with hypertext linking and search for related topics by text

[KnappAG94a](*)Knapp, Alan G. "Fingerprint sensing device and

recognition system having predetermined electrode activation", United

States Patent 5,325,442, June 28, 1994

Capacitive grid/matrix of conductors used for touchpad sensor for fingerprint

scanning. Compare to grid arrangement of Rekimoto.

[KnowltonKC94a](*)Knowlton, Kenneth C. "Computer Apparatus and

Method for Graphical Flip Book", United States Patent 5,283,864,February 1, 1994

Simulation of indexed flip book / rollodex in Wang Freestyle, with small

edges of pages shown.

[KodoskyJL94a](*)Kodosky, Jeffrey L, Truchard, James J.; and

MacCrisken, John E. "Graphical Method for Programming a Virtual

Instrument", United States Patent 5,301,336, April 5, 1994

Feature in LabView visual programming language for virtual laboratory

instruments. Fig. 5 , text page 70 refers to slide switch: compare to Appleslide-to-unlock?

[KontarinisDA95a](*)Kontarinis, Dimitrios A. and Howe, Robert D.

"Tactile Display of Vibratory Information in Teleoperation and Virtual

Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 4

no. 4, pp. 387-402, 1995

Vibration haptic feedback on remote-manipulation display, combined

with/without force feedback. Illustration is two finger "waldos" to prevent user

pressing too hard.[KunoY95a](*)Kuno, Yoshinori; Tanabe, Noboru; and Hasebe, Koichi

"Portable display device with at least two display screens controllable

collectively or separately", United States Patent 5,467,102, November 14,

1995

Dual-display device, two displays can be used as one (two pages of a

book), or used separately. Compare with devices like Reefalo? Uses term

"electronic pen" for touchscreen. May be used as add-on display to desktop

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

25/55



computer. Thumbnails of document pages on one display, full page on

other. Can display virtual keyboard on one display or portion.

[Kurtenbach94](*)Kurtenbach, G.; Moran, T.P.; and Buxton, W.

"Contextual Animation of Gestural Commands", Computer Graphics

Forum, Volume 13 (1994), Number 5 pp 305-314.

Use of pop-up radial menus to train users to "gestures" which match the

motion used to select from a radial menu. Also display of images of gesturesin menus, and pop-up text giving name/meaning of gesture recognized.

Circle/lasso gesture around an object brings up a pop-up menu of actions

that may be applied to the object. Also shows pig-tail gesture for

delete/erase, scroll-up and scroll-down (flick?), lasso gesture for select.

Gestures may be recognized using velocity: e.g. Slow flick moves to next

page, fast flick to end of document. press-and-hold/"pressing and waiting"

[Kurtenbach94b](*)Kurtenbach, G.; and Buxton, W. "User Learning and

Performance with Marking Menus", Proc. CHI '94, pp. 258-265Marking menus on MacIntosh/Apple. (pop-up pie menus when user hold

stylus still, selectedable without first lifting pen). Zig-zag gestures for

navigation. press-and-hold / press-and-wait for 0.3 second.

[KusumotoH94a](*)Kusumoto, Hiroki and Hasuhara, Hiroshi "Image

drawing apparatus for displaying input image on display means", Unite

States Patent 5,311,207, May 10, 1994

Pressure sensitive tablet digitizer using two conductive sheets and

conductive rubber[LaLomia94](*)LaLomia, Mary "User acceptance of handwritten

recognition accuracy", Conference on Human Factors in Computing

System, Boston, Massachusetts, 1994, pp 107-108.

Cited along with Neisser (93% recognition success for humans without

context), that users not satisfied with 97% correct character-to-character

handwriting recognition success.

[LambAC94a](*)Lamb, Arthur C. Jr. "Pop-up Keyboard System for

entering Handwritten Data into Computer Generated forms", UnitedStates Patent 5,276,794, January 4, 1994

pop-up virtual keyboard in GridPad computer, in a particular form

application. Compare to Soft input panel SIP?

[LandmeierWL95a](*)Landmeier, Waldo L. "See-through Digitizer with

Clear conductive Grid", United States Patent 5,381,160, January 10,

1995

Front-mounted electromagnetic digitizer (CalComp) with a display: gives

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

26/55



long description of Scriptel front-mounted electrostatic display, discussion of

problems of rear mounting. Uses term "pen-driven computing". Two layers of

grid are fabricated on two layers of transparent mylar.

[LeeJ94](*)Lee, Jack "Pen-based form computer", United States Patent

5,347,477, September 13, 1994Forms-based inputing gestures to control recognition, insert, delete scroll --

compare with GORefers to smoothing (and averaging?) to obtain the non-distortion point on

stylus input filtering?

[LeedhamCD94].Leedham, C.G. "Historical perspectives of handwriting

recognition systems", IEEE Colloquium on Handwriting and Pen-Based

Input, 1994, pp 1..13.

Abstract only: history of handwriting recognition (?) back to 1950's.

[Lexicus95](*)Lexicus "Lexicus' Cursive Recognition", Byte Magazine,

June 1995: available at http://www.byte.com/arg/9506/img/501026j0.htmLexicus neural network handwriting cursive recogition: 25,000-word

dictionary and statistical methods (compare with Viterbi algorithm?)

[LiebermanH94a](*)Lieberman, Henry "Power of Ten Thousand:

Navigating in Large Information Spaces", Proc. UIST '94, November 2..4,

1994, pp. 15-16

When zooming on graphical image/map, show birds-eye or world or greater

context view as translucent overlay on window, so that user can maintain

visual context. Zooming on file system heirarchy zooms into files, withoutexplicit opening of file. Cites to Bier for "see-through" interface (transparent

pixels instead of translucent overlay).

[LoganJD94a](*)Logan, James D. and Evans, Blair "System and

Method for Emulating A Mouse Input Devices with a Touchpad Input

Device", United States Patent 5,327,161, July 5, 1994

Microtouch touchpad digitizer: press-and-drag distance is a minimum

distance threshold before user input does drag automatically by simulating

mouse button action. Dwell/press-and-hold for minimum distance threshold.[LoprestiD94a](*)Lopresti, Daniel P. and Tomkins, Andrew "On the

Searchability of Electronic Ink", 4th International Workshop on Friontiers in

Handwriting Recognition, Taipei, Taiwan, December 1994

Avoid need for handwriting recognition when indexing documents by

approximate matching of hand-drawn pictograms. Mentions difficulty of

handwriting recognition of (Asian) languages. Compare with Slate

DayTimer/PenScheduler for ink indexing, Windows for Pens NoteTaker.

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

27/55



[Lopresti95](*)Lopresti, Daniel P.; Aref, W.G.; Kamel, I. "On handling

Electronic Ink", ACM Computing Surveys, vol 27, no 4, December 1995,

pp. 564..567

Searchability of electronic ink; approximate matching of hand-drawn

pictograms, not just comparing with character recognition results to index

handwritten text

[LouieJ95](*)Louie, Jim "An Analysis of a Pen-Based Tool for AcquiringEngineering Design Information", Master's Thesis, University of Toronto,

1995

Review of pen-based computer (PenPoint) with applications for engineering:

notetaking, engineering design. Applications written in Slate PenApps.

Generally, paper fared better than electronic notebook, in part because

notebook was not perfect writing surface and was a bit small (6" by 9").

Notes that engineers dislike doing documentation, in part because words

are not the natural medium of expression -- diagrams/sketches arepreferred. Cites several other electronic/virtual notebook systems, but most

not portable.

[LowreyG94a](*)Lowrey, Gwen "Managing Projects with Microsoft

Project 4.0", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994

Project planning/project management application. Tasks, Milestones,

assignment of resources and personnel, project tracking. Supports critical

path method CPM. Views include PERT charts, Gantt charts, Detail charts,

Calendar views.[LucenteM95a](*)Lucente, Mark and Galyean, Tinsley A. "Rendering

Interactive Holographic Images", Proc. SIGGRAPH 95, Los Angeles, Aug

6-11, 1995, pp. 387-394

Computational rendering and display of holographic (stereo vision: full 3D

possible) images in "patient" real-time (2 seconds). Uses interometer grids.

Can also render a real-world scene captured from a linear array of cameras.

[LucenteSAM95a](*)Lucente, Samuel A.M.; Balasubramanian,

Peruvemba S.; Sapper, Richard F.; and Lee, Nathan J. "Rotatable pen-based computer", United States Patent 5,432,720, July 11, 1995

Pen computer can be rotated so that screen orientation is portrait or

landscape, for right-handed or left-handed user. Mechanical button to select

orientation.

[LuciwWW95a](*)Luciw, William W; Capps, Stephen; and Tesler,

Lawrence G. "Method and apparatus for deducing user intent and

providing computer implemented services", United States Patent

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

28/55



5,390,281, February 14, 1995Determine user intent by applying a pattern template to user interactions in a

pen user interface, and then carry out an operation automatically.

Also check Capps file

[MagicLink94a](*)Sony "Video: Magic Link Sony PDA PIC-1000 running

Magic Cap OS (General Magic)", Sony circa 1994: Video fetched from

YouTube 2011Shows pen/stylus based PDA with office desk / office room and hallway

metaphor. Appears to be a resistive touchscreen, looks like it might be a

Data Rover 840.

[MarcusA95a](*)Marcus, Aaron; Smilonich, Nick; and Thompson, Lynne

"The Cross-GUI Handbook For Multiplatform User Interface Design",

Addison-Wesleyy/Unisys, 1995

GUI frameworks comparisons: Macintosh Desktop, OSF/Motif Desktop (with

three-button mouse operations BSelect, BTransfer, BMenu right button),NeXTSTEP Desktop, IBM CUA Workplace Shell, Microsoft Windows

Desktop Environment. Does not cover PenPoint, page 191-ff covers Microsft

Pen Windows extensions: press-hold-drag is a selection operation,

PenWindows 1.0 gestures Extende Backspace, etc. Direct manipulation.

Pop-up menus on page 34 and 202. Describes drag-and-drop and pop-up

menus as OOUI, object-oriented user interface, not GUI.

[MartinD95](*)Martin, David A. "Interactive Display System", United

States Patent 5,448,263, September 5, 1995Projection whiteboard system with LCD project panel, overhead projector,

digitizer. See other references to MartinD.

Describes alignment/calibration method for display and projection vs. tablet,

similar to that of PenCept/CIC/etc. for paper versus tablet.

[MartinT95a](*)Martin, Teresa A. "The Tablet Newspaper: A Vision for

the Future", Proc CHI '95 "Mosaic of Creativity", Video presentation, May

7..11, 1995, p. 425

Knight-Ridder Information Design Lab: electronic newspaper on a pencomputer, with pen/touch user interface

[Maryland95](*)Maryland, Universtify of at College Park "DOCBIB

through 1994: Document Understanding Blibliography",

http://documents/cfar.umd.edu/biblio/DOCBIBpre95.ps

Bibliography of papers relating to document understanding, starting about

1980. Sections include: On-line character recognition; Gestures and

Sketches; Script; Foreign optical character recognition; Recognition of

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

29/55



mathematics and Formulas; Line drawings; Signature verification; Writer

Identification; Synthetic data; Forms processing; Shorthand; Music

recognition

[MasuiT95a](*)Masui, Toshiyuki; Kashiwagi, Kouichi; and Borden,

George R. IV "Elastic Graphical Interfaces for Precise Data

Manipulation", Proc. CHI '95, May 7-11, 1995, pp. 143-144

scollbar slider: user can control speed of scrolling (for finger control) basedon pulling a virtual elastic line farther or less (or changing direction of pull).

Cites to AlphaSlider. Note: cited in at least one scroll/bounce patent by

Apple.

[MaulsbyD94a](*)Maulsby, David "Instructible Agents", Ph.D. Thesis,

Univ. of Calbary, Canada, June 1994

(partial copy) Chapter 5: Interactive learning / Concept learning system

Cima, Turvy, and Moctec. Example is teaching system to find phone

numbers in notes, in different contexts and in various canonical forms, andsecond component that learn so intract with users and application programs,

(dialing numbers)

[McKeehan94](*)McKeehan, Julie and Rhodes, Neil "Programming for

the Newton: Software Development with NewtonScript", AP Professional

Press, division of Academic Press, 1994, ISBN 0-12-484800-1

Newtonscript Language

[McQueenJC95a](*)McQueen, J. Craig; MacKenzie, I. Scott; and

Zhang, Shawn X. "An Extended Study of Numeric Entry on Pen-basedComputers", Proc. of Graphics Interface '95, Toronto, pp. 215-222

Pie-pad pop-up menu for numeric input, pop-up circular menu with digits.

Marking menus. Mentions Goldberg 93 paper on unistroke.

[MeyerA95](*)Meyer, Andre "Special Feature: Pen Computing - A

Technology Overview and a Vision", ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, July 1995.

Also available at

http://www.amug.org/amug/sigs/newton/nanug/PenReport/References.htm

Includes reviews of several experimental systems of the early 1990's, and alengthy bibliography: several German references included. Almost all the

references are from 1991 to 1995, very little before that.

Unistrokes. Jotted notes: implying electronic ink as a data type. PenPoint,

Windows for Pen Computing. Cites Alan Kay for early visition of handwriting

computer (although no such device was ever built?). Cites early paper by

Ward, but not the on-line bibliography (1995). Rotatable orientation of pen

computers: landscape/portrait.

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

30/55



[Microsoft94a](*)Microsoft "Tap and Tap-and-Hold Pointer Events",

Article 86921, formerly Q86921, support.microsoft.com: Microsoft

Corporation, 1995, last reviewed January 9, 2003

Tap and hold (TapNHold) gesture: tap analogous to clicking left mouse

button: TapNHold click tip of pen on tablet and holding for a specified

amount of time. German edition of (discontinued) support article documents

Windows for Pen Computing 1.0, prior to Windows95. Tap/press-and-holdon Pen Windows

[Microsoft94b](*)Microsoft "Information At Your Fingertips", Transcript

of Bill Gate's Keynote Speech at Fall/COMDEX Nov. 14, 1994: from

microsoft.com 2008

Windows for Pen Computing as portable information at your fingertips:

reference "vision" video of Information at your Fingertip in 2005, with face-to-

face video in mobile settings, pen computing, video conferencing.

[Microsoft94c](*)Microsoft "Windows for Pen Computing User's Manual1.0", User manual for Toshiba TC 200 80 pen computer with Pen

Windows, 1994Windows for Pen Computing version 1.0 user manual. Pen tools group

includes Pen Pallete (soft input panel for writing/keyboard), on-screen virtua

keyboard. Sample form has boxed handwriting input, unboxed input with

timeout for word segementation.. Checkmark gesture to edit text (similar to

PenPoint), pigtail gesture to delete, space-insert gesture with hotpoint. Tap

and hold gesture (press-and-hold) to start selection stroke. Newline, copy

(sideways pigtail), paste (inverted V), delete, delete word (right-left-

combined), extend, tab gestures.

Cursor automatically turns to pen for handwriting input in application when

cursor is in a text-input field. User-defined gestures are circled letter

gestures. Trainable recognition (note that Toshiba unit ships with CIC

recognition). Control panel settings for double-tap gesture time and area

settings, press-and-hold delay. Press-and-hold is effectively a separate

gesture recognized by distance threshold and time threshold: moving before

time threshold starts a gesture or ink (with recognition).Handedness setting changes location of menus. Control panel rotate setting

to switch orientation of display landscape/portrait. Notebook application:

barrel button on pen to display ink eraser; deferred recognition: select ink

(by tapping) then select text tool. Recognized text optionally sized according

to ink dimensions. Shape recognition (circles, squares). Equations (= at end)

automatically calculated; outline indexing of notes. Chart of recommended

printing styles.

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

31/55



[Microsoft94d](*)Microsoft "Accessibility Products for Microsoft

Windows and Microsoft Windows NT", "MS_ACCES.TXT", Microsoft,

1994

List of third-party accessbility extensions for Windows and Windows NT.

Screen reader / screen review, screen enlarger, on-scrren keyboard / virtual

keyboard. Vendors include Magic Deluxe / Microsystems Software,

MAGNUM Deluxe / Artic Technologies, MagniPORT / MicrosystemsSoftware, Number Nine (hardware pan and zoom in display card), Vista /

Telesensory Inc., Zoom Text / Ai Squared, JAWS, outSPOKEN . On-screen

keyboards include word prediction, click or dwell mode / AutoClick. Screen

Keyboard (SKB) in Windows for Pen Computing.

[Microsoft94e](*)Microsoft "Microsoft Windows "Chicago" Reviewer's

Guide: Beta-1", Microsoft, 1994

Microsoft Pre-release feature description for Chicago / Windows95. Plug-

and-play, Toolbar (for cut-and-paste, etc.) in MS-DOS command window.Support for multiple pointing devices (mostly for accessibility: alternative

head mouse, etc.). Nothing on SIP Soft Input Panel, PenWindows or tablets.

[Microsoft95a](*)Microsoft "The Windows Interface Guidelines - A

Guide for Designing Software", Microsoft Corporation, Feb. 1995UI guidelines include keyboard, mouse, and Windows for Pen Computing /

PenWindows gestures: General circle-around-UC-letter gestures, has circle-

M/M-circle pop-up "context menu gesture" / "pen menu gesture".

Fundamental behaviors defined for a Pen are Pressing/Tapping/Double-tapping/Dragging. Gestures leave ink. Lasso-tap (circle-tap) selection

gesture. Tap on text box brings up text-input handwriting window, with

alternative word list or alternative character list from recognizer.

Partial print copy in physical file -- see electronic copy at

http://www.ics.uci.edu/~kobsa/courses/ICS104/course-

notes/Microsoft_WindowsGuidelines.pdf (fetched 2010)

stylus or finger, pen can perform equivalent operations of mouse.

[Microsoft95b](*)Microsoft "WD: Known Issues Using "Windows 95 for

Pen Computing"", support.microsoft.com, article Q164505 / 164505, lastReview November 5, 2000 (1995)

Defect in tablet/pen driver in Windows for Pen Computing: circle-m context

menu gesture does not emulate right mouse button, other problems with

barrel button on stylus

[Microsoft95c](*)Microsoft "The Windows Interface Guidelines for

Software Design", Microsoft Corporation, 1995Similar topic to Microsoft95a -- includes section on special design

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

32/55



considerations of Accessibility. Some sections on pen input. Guidelines on

targeting of electronic ink to fields. Lasso-tap gesture to select. Need larger

tapping (double-tapping) target with stylus than with mouse, similar

considersations for targeting of lasso-tap selection gesture on text. Pen

menu (context menu) gesture is circle-m. Describes activate-on-lift of mouse

being applied for pen: "Do not activate the window unless the user releases

the mouse button (the pen tip is lifted) in that window." Press-hold-drag for

select instead of barrel button. Auto-scrolling based on velocity. Mentions

accessibility "Screen Review Utilites" (screen readers) for the bling, on-

screen keyboards. Pop-up/context menus synonymous: refers to contextual

interfaces such as pop-up menus, property sheets, and OLE drag and drop.

pop-up (context) menu handlers. Press-and-hold for select, p. 55.

Partial print copy in physical file -- electronic image file.

[Microsoft95d](*)Microsoft "penwin.h Pen Windows functions, types,

and definitions Version 1.0", Microsoft Corporation, 1995

#include definitions file for Windows for Pen Computing Version 1.0 -- 1992?Pen tablet data OEMPENINFO include pressure (force), height (proximity),

angle X/Y and Z, barrel rotation. Standard gestures for clear,

extendSelection, undo, copy, cut, paste, clearword, kkconfer; AnsiGestures

(ASCII?) backspace, tab, return, space; application gestures circle a-Z and

circle A-Z; shapes line, ellipse, rectangle, min and max

See also penwin.h for version 2.0

[Microsoft95e](*)Microsoft "Accessibility Products for Microsoft

Windows: On-Screen Keyboard Utilities", Microsoft Corporation, 1995Accessbility on-screen visual/virtual keyboard systems for accessibility:

compares to single-switch Morse code. Eek!; Microssytems Software

HandiKey; My-T-Mouse; SAW Switch Access to Windows; SoftType;

WiViK2 Windows Visual Keyboard;

Features include word prediction, dwell-mode pointing, access grids, mouse

emulators (head-mouse, etc.), keyboard macros

See also similar Microsoft technical notes from other years

[MicroTouch95a](*)MicroTouch Systems Inc. "MicroTouch Touch

Controllers References Guide, 1995", MicroTouch Systems Inc., MethuenMassachusetts

touchscreen/tablet/digitizer: mentions dual sensing of stylus/pen or finger or

both, with positions of each.

[Mikan94](*)Mikan, Peter J. "Computer Mouse Simulator Device",

United States Patent 5,376,946, December 27, 1994Device to convert absolute co-ordinates of touchscreen to mouse relative-

motion coordinates, and having "buttons" recognized on the touchpad for the

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

33/55



mouse button: prior art include MicroTouch Unmouse cited 1990

Compare to Schumer patent on tablet controller, where driver functions are

claimed if located in an external controller for a tablet (or mouse?)

[MinasM95a](*)Mina, M. and Viehstaedt, G. "DiaGen: A Generator for

Diagram Editors Providing Direct Manipulation and Execution of

Diagrams", Proc. of VL Visual Languages 95, Darmstadt, Germany

Sketch/diagram editor employing constraints, and dealing with inconsistentstate during direct manipulation editing: flowchart, hypergraphs

[MinskyMDR95a](*)Minsky, Margaret Diane Rezvan "Computational

Haptics: The Sandpaper System for Synthesizing Texture for a Force-

Feedback Display", Ph.D. Disseration, M.I.T, June 1995

Force-feedback joystick, with multiple force actuators. Software to create

feel of textures, virtual spring and inverse spring forces, etc. Includes

reference manual for Sandpaper software.

[MoranTP95a](*)Moran, Thomas P.; Pedersen, Elin R.; McCall, MichaelK.; and Halasz, Frank G. "Time-Space Object Containment for Graphical

User Interface", United States Patent 5,404,430, April 4, 1995

When selecting objects by selecting a range (drag selection rectangle?),

take into account time ordering of when objects were created: user is likely

to want to select objects created by the user at about the same time. Uses a

white board with rear projection.

[MoranTP95b](*)Moran, Thomas P.; Chiu, Patrick; van Melle, William;

and Kurtenbach, Gordon "Implicit structures for pen-based systems withina freeform interaction paradigm", Proc. CHI '95, (preprint)

Whiteboard system (Xerox Live-Board Tivoli / MeetingBoard on Windows

PC) with free-form interaction -- primarily electronic ink scribbling:

recognized rough layout of lists, text, tables, and indented outlines in

electronic ink, based on informal structure or "visual grammars". Mentions

aha! InkWriter which formats/indexes ink based on handwriting recognition,

but does not compare with van Raamsdonk which edits directly electronic

ink. Selection via various bracket and corner gestures, insert via caretgesture. Has "table clean-up" function to align slanted writing lines of

electronic ink.

[Mosaic95](*)Mosaic Input Technologies, Inc. "Gesture Mosaic User

Guide", www.amtelcom.com/Mosaic/UserGuide.html

Simplified unistroke-like gestures, as substitute for writing full characters.

User writes on a 12-segment outline of characters, outline in shape of figure

eight, similar to seven-segment display. Punctuation and some other

8/13/2019 Biblio 95

34/55



characters input via pop-up keyboard. For Apple Newton. (See also

AlphaPad00)

[MossNN95a](*)Moss, Nicolas, N and Marianetti, Ronald II "Movement

and Redimensioning of Computer Display Windows", United States Patent

5,434,964, July 18, 1995

Radius Inc. Display: rotating display between landscape and portrait

orientation results in all windows being rotated, windows may alsoautomatically layout GUI elements.

[Motif94a](*)X Window System, Open Source Edition "The Definitive

Guides to the X Windows System, Vol. 6a: Motif Programming Manual for

Motif 2.1, Open Source Edition", www.opencontent.org/openpub

Motif Window Manager: 1994 version, updated as of 2001. resource

XmNsnapBackMultiple sets snap-back/bounce distance if use moves mouse

cursor too far outside of bounds of scrollbar widget. Automatic Layout of GU

elements? XmNselectThrehold: click and drag minimum distance that pointemust move to select text on a drag.

[MyersBA94a](*)Myers, Brad A. "Challenges of HCI Design and

Implementation", Interactions: ACM Trans. on Inf. Systems, Jan. 1994,

pp. 73-84

in Garnet system papers: Prototyping user interfaces can be difficult,

because test-subject users may not behave like real users, may even have a

hidden agenda. Coupling of user-interface to application is a nightmare in

Date post:	04-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	ektawhatsis
View:	214 times
Download:	0 times

Biblio 95

Documents