Bibliographic citations

• Definition: – For academic purposes, a citation or

bibliographic citation is a:

reference to a • book, • article, • web page or other published or • unpublished item,

And includes sufficient details to uniquely identify the item

Bibliographic citations – Why?

1) To give credit to an individual’s idea(s), words or publication(s).

2) To help readers locate the thought/publication that is being referred to if the readers wish to read it for themselves.

3) To verify that the thought/publication has, indeed, appeared somewhere.

And more recently ….• Plagiarism:

• Copying sentences, phrases, paragraphs, tables, figures or data directly or in slightly modified form from a book, article, web site or other academic source without using quotation marks or giving proper acknowledgment to the original author or source.

http://www.ccsu.edu/AcademicIntegrity/UndergradAcadMisconductPolicy.htm

Parts of a Bibliographic CitationFor a Single Item• Author• Title of

the item• Who Published

the item• The location

of the Publisher• Date of Publication

For a Serialized Item• Author(s) (If no author is

listed, use the next element to begin your citation)

• Title of Article• Title of Publication• Volume/Issue/Pages • Date of Publication• If the item was viewed

electronically, other information must be given

Challenges of electronic publications

• Individuals often no longer need to consult a printed document.– So what is a volume number?– An issue number?– Why are pages important?

Finding citation elements in DATABASE records

Finding citation elements in DATABASE records

Printed indexes, hard copies of articles and books and items retrieved from electronic databases may present the elements of bibliographic citations in different ways. But the required elements are always present.

Authors

Authors Title of Article

.

Authors Title of Article

Name of Publication

Authors Title of Article

Name of Publication

Date of pub.

Authors Title of Article

Name of Publication

Date of pub.

Vol/issue/pages

This mess …..

Becomes this, which is still not so straightforward

author

author Title of article

author Title of articleTitle of publication(often called SOURCE)

author Title of articleTitle of publication(often called SOURCE)

volume

author Title of articleTitle of publication(often called SOURCE)

volume

issue

author Title of articleTitle of publication(often called SOURCE)

volume

issue

date

author Title of articleTitle of publicationalso called SOURCE)

volume

issue

date

pages

Here’s an example of the elements of this item written as a bibliographic citation for this for this article (written in APA style):

Fischlin, D. (2003). Rescripting Shakespeare: The text, the director, and modern productions. Theatre Research

International, 28(2), 212-213.

Citation elements for a book – this is very straightforward

Citation elements for a book – relatively straightforward

What is required?Author, title, place of publication,name of the publisher, and the dateof publication.

Citation elements for a book – this is very straightforward

DeLillo, D. (1986). White noise. New York: Penguin Books.

Book found on WorldCat (electronic database)

Book found on WorldCat (electronic database)

Naipaul, V.S. (1995). A house for Mr. Biswas.New York: Knopf.

Hard copy of an edited book

Hard copy of an edited book

Hard copy of an edited book

Hard copy of an edited book

Hard copy of an edited book

Smith, D.L. (Ed.). Era of the American Revolution a bibliography. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.

If not, what’s missing?

Is this a complete citation?

Hard copy of an edited book

Hard copy of an edited book

Smith, D.L. (Ed.). (1975). Era of the American Revolution a bibliography. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.

Chapters in a book – a slight twist

Greenberg, D. F. et al (2002). The generality of the self-control theory of crime. In E. Waring & D. Weisburd (Eds.),Crime and social organization (pp. 49-94). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Notice: No volume number, no issue number. Why?

“In” is the important word

Database retrieval includes the elements thatare required to properly cite the item – but you must know what you’re looking for.

publication

date

page

titleauthor

Bower, T. (2005 Feb. 10). Pitbull victim tells of attack; DA suing for penalties, but the dog owner’s lawyer says she has paid

her debt. San Antonio Express-News, 5B.

Citation Styles

Citation Styles

Article in a journal (APA Style)Author. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol#(issue#), pages.

For example:

Fischlin, D. (2003). Rescripting Shakespeare: The text, the director, and modern productions. Theatre Research International, 28(2), 212-213.

An entire book (APA Style)Author. (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Name of Publisher.

For example:

Hock, R. (2005). Yahoo! To the max. Medford, NJ: Cyberage Books.

Chapter in a book (APA Style)Author. (Year). Title. In editors of book (Eds.),

Title of book (pages of the chapter).Place of publication: Name of Publisher.

For example:

Greenberg, D. F. et al (2002). The generality of the self-control theory of crime. In E. Waring & D. Weisburd (Eds.),Crime and social organization (pp. 49-94). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Citation Aids –Trust No One (but yourself)

Article in a journal (APA Style)Author. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol#(issue#), pages.

For example:

Fischlin, D. (2003). Rescripting Shakespeare: The text, the director, and modern productions. Theatre Research International, 28(2), 212-213.

An entire book (APA Style)Author. (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Name of Publisher.

For example:

Hock, R. (2005). Yahoo! To the max. Medford, NJ: Cyberage Books.

Chapter in a book (APA Style)Author. (Year). Title. In editors of book (Eds.),

Title of book (pages of the chapter).Place of publication: Name of Publisher.

For example:

Greenberg, D. F. et al (2002). The generality of the self-control theory of crime. In E. Waring & D. Weisburd (Eds.),Crime and social organization (pp. 49-94). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.