Interactive 3D Graphics in Windows 363

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Interactive 3D Graphics in Windows 369

Index

A

A-Buffer ................................................... 318 bottom ................................................... S8

Absolute Positioning ......................... 115, 247 Accumulation Buffer ................................ 318

front ....................................................... S9 isometric ................................................ 60

Appel ....................................................... 317 Application Organisation .......................... 278 Application Templates ................................ 11 Application Toolbar .................................. 281 Arvo ......................................................... 290

left ......................................................... 59 look at. ................................................... S9 look at centered ...................................... 60 plan ....................................................... S8 reset. .................................................... 248

Axis Mapping ............................. 61, 225, 312 object ..................................................... 68

right ....................................................... 59 trackball ................................................. 60

world ............................................. 62, 225 walking .................................................. 60

Axis Systems ............................... 55, 222, 305 camera ................................................... 55

Camera Projections ............................ .57, 310 oblique ................................................... 57

left-handed ............................................. 56 orthographic ........................................... 57

object.. ................................. 55-6, 225, 314 perspective ............................................. 57

right-handed ........................................... 56 Camera Toolbar ....................................... 281

transformations ...................................... 66 bitmap ................................................. 281

world .................................... .55-6, 61, 312 camera menu .......................................... 20

B context sensitive help ............................. 16 docking .................................................. 16

Bergman .................................................. 355 Bier .................................................... 66, 351 Bitmap ........................................ 46, 229, 294 Blinn ................................................. 330, 332 Bloomenthal ............................................. 306

visibility ................................................ 16 CAngle .................................................... 122

DDX ...................................................... 122 operator TCHAR* ............................... 254

Carpenter ................................................. 318

Borges ...................................................... 326 Catmull ............................................. 317, 332 CDocument .............................................. 190

C CJoeyCamera ............................................ 57

Camera .............................................. 55, 222 CJoeyCamera ...............••..•..•..••.•...•••••... 57 interaction ..................................... 117, 245 move modes ........................................... 58 ownership ............................................ 222

Camera Control .......................................... 21 camera pulldown .................................... 21

Camera interaction paradigms .................... 58 axonometric ........................................... 60 back ....................................................... S9

Dialogue ............................................ 251 JOEY_CAM _ AXONOMETRIC ...................... 60 JOEY_CAM_BACK .................................... 59 JOEY_CAM_BOTTOM ................................ 58 JOEY_CAM_FRONT .................................. 59 JOEY_CAM_ISOMETRIC .......................... 60 JOEY_CAM_LEFT .................................... 59 JOEY_CAM_LOOK .................................... 59 JOEY_CAM_LOOK_CTR ............................ 60 JOEY_CAM_ORTHO_TBALL ...................... 60

370 Index

JOEY_CAN_PLAN ............................•....... 58 HitGrid .............................................. 257 JOEY_CAN_RIGHT .................................. 59 HitHalfline ...................................... 256 JOEY_ CAM_WALK .................................... 60 Hi tLine .............................................. 256 JOEY_PROJ_OBLIQUE ............................ 57 Hi tMinMax .......................................... 257 JOEY_PROJ_ORTHOGRAPHIC .................. 57 HitPoint ..................................... 138, 256 JOEY_PROJ _PERSPECTIVE .................... 57 HitPolygon ........................................ 258 OLE Automation .................................... 48 MOUSE_DC ............................................ 137

CJoeyColorSpec .................................... 238 MOUSE_DC_TOL .................................... 137 CJoeyConfig ............................. 15, 195,281 MOUSE_WIND ........................................ 138

AnglePlaces ...................................... 254 MOUSE_WIND_TOL ................................ 138 AngleType .......................................... 254 MOUSE_WORLD ...................................... 138 CameraToolBar .................................... 17 MOUSE_WORLD_TOL .............................. 138 CamTypeStatus .................................... 22 transformation ...................................... 139 FloatPlaces ...................................... 254 CJoeyOleServerDoc ......................... 25, 197 RenderDevClsid ................................ 230 DeleteContents ................................ 283 Restore .............................................. 262 LinearKeypad .................................... 254 Save .................................................... 262 OnCameraChanged .............................. 249 SetCameraToolBar ............................ 195 OnCameraPending .............................. 248 TimeUpdateCycle .............................. 263 OnDraw ................................ 25, 198-9, 286 UpdateDialogue ................................ 250 OnGridchanged .................................. 262 UpdateTarget .................................... 263 OnNewDocument .................................. 284

CJoeyDoc .....................•.................... 25, 197 OnOpenDocument ................................ 285 DeleteContents ................................ 283 RE ........................................................ 283 LinearIn ............................................ 253 Serialize ..................................... 26, 198 LinearKeypad .................................... 254 CJoeyOleServerItem .............................. 26 LinearOut .......................................... 253 OnDraw ........................................... 27, 199 OnCameraChanged .............................. 249 OnGetExtent ...................................... 198 OnCameraPending .............................. 248 CJoeyRenderEnv ............................. 193, 223 onDraw ........................ 25, 198-9,283,286 cameraDialogue ................................ 251 OnGridChanged .................................. 262 GetLight ............................................ 243 OnNewDocument .................................. 284 GetMaterial ...................................... 241 OnOpenDocument ................................ 285 GridDialogue ................................. 250-1 RE •.•••••.•..•..•••••.••••••••.•..•••••••••..••••••••••••. 283 LightDelete ...................................... 243 Serialize .................................... 26, 198 LightDialogue .................. 99, 243, 250-1

CJoeyGrid .............................................. 259 LightNew ....................................... 81, 243 Dialogue ................................. 250-1, 261 LightNext .......................................... 243 Hit ............................................... 257, 262 LightSet ............................................ 243

CJoeyGridPlane .................................... 259 MaterialDelete ................................ 241 CJoeyLight ............................... 99, 241, 338 MaterialDialogue ............ 96, 241, 250-1

Dialogue ..................................... 243, 251 MaterialNew ................................. 81, 240 Release ................................................ 82 MaterialNext .................................... 241

CJoeyLine .............................................. 259 MaterialSet ...................................... 241 CJoeyMaterial ............................... 239, 334 OleCamera .......................................... 223

Dialogue ................................. 240, 250-1 RenameLight ...................................... 243 JOEY_FACE_STYLE_EDGE ...................... 89 RenameMaterial ................................ 241 Release ................................................ 82 RendererType .................................... 263

CJoeyMouse ............................................ 254 CJoeyRenderGeom ........................... 233, 253 BackXfm ....................................... 139, 255 CJoeyScalarSpec .................................. 238

Interactive 3D Graphics in Windows 371

CJoeyServerItem .................................. 198 Constructive Specification ........................ 351 CJoeyview ................................. 23, 196, 282 Copy Special .......................................... 251

CameraMask ........................................ 222 Comsweet ................................................ 326 CameraType ........................................ 222 CPlane3f .................................................. 85 Cursor ................................................ 253 CPoint3f ........................................... 85, 306 DCtoNormalized ................................ 254 CRenderEnv ............................................ 283 Dialogue ............................................ 249 LightSet .............................................. 83 FlushMouseEvents ............................ 263 MaterialSet ........................................ 83 Grid .................................................... 262 Crow ........................................................ 332 interactive camera .................................. 24 CUni tV3 f .................................................. 85 IsCamLeft .......................................... 249 CView ...................................................... 190 IsCamTracking .................................. 250 OnDraw ................................................ 191 mouse tracking ....................................... 24 CXfm4x4f ................................... 66, 306, 315 OleGrid .............................................. 262 Identity .............................................. 73 OncameraChanged .............................. 249 Translate ............................................ 73 OnCameraPending .............................. 249 CXfmStack4x4f ...................................... 315 oncreate ..................................... 231, 282 OnDraw ........................... 24, 197,232,283 D

OnDrawInterface ....................... 227, 283 OnGridchanged .................................. 262

Data Manipulation absolute ............................................... 115

OnMButtonDblClk ................................ 24 camera ................................................. 117 OnMButtonDown .................................... 23 context hint.. ........................................ 125 OnMButtonUp ........................................ 24 OnMouseMove ........................................ 23 RendererType ....................... 94, 231, 263

delayed ................................................ 114 dialogue ............................................... 118 direct ................................................... 114

templates ............................................... 23 immediate ............................................ 114 CLine3f .................................................... 85 indirect................................................ 114 Clipboard ................................................. 299 relative ................................................ 115 Clipboard Formats .................................... 213 Database, 3D ............................................ 288

embed source ....................................... 213 face-edge ............................................. 290 JOEY 3D ............................................. 213 face-vertex ........................................... 288 link source ........................................... 213 radial edge ........................................... 290 link source descriptor ........................... 213 DC_TO_CUBIC ....................................... 254-5 object descriptor. .................................. 213 DC_TO_LINEAR ........................................ 254

COleDataSource .................................... 212 DC_TO_QUADRATIC ............................... 254-5 COleServerDoc ...................................... 190 Delayed Interaction .................................. 114 COleServerItem .................................... 190 Dialogue .................................................. 118

AddOtherClipboardData .................. 213 floating point parameters ...................... 121 CopyToClipboard .............................. 212

Colour ...................................................... 107 formatting ............................................ 253

Dialogue Interaction ................................. 118 primaries .............................................. 324 Diffuse Reflection .................................... 319 RGB .................................................... 323

Constraints ............................................... 349 Dimensioning .................................... 265, 357 Direct Interaction ..................................... 114

constructive specification ..................... 351 direct manipulation .............................. 350

Direct Manipulation .................. 244, 278, 350 Drag ......................................................... 123

energy constraints ................................ 352 grab and drag cycle .............................. 124 parametric specification ....................... 352 variational geometry ............................. 351

parallel to the target plane .................... 141 Duff ......................................................... 335

372

E

Energy Constraints ................................... 352 Extension .dU ........................................... 267

F

Face Normal ............................................... 85 Feedback ........................................... 128, 353

cursors .......................................... 132, 248 formatting ............................................ 253 status bar ............................................. 129

Fiebush .................................................... 350 Fitzgerald ................................................. 351 Foley ......................................... 275, 306, 310

G

Glassner ............................................ 140, 315 Global Illumination .................................. 320

constant ambient .................................. 321 radiosity ........................................ 321, 342 ray tracing ............................................ 321

Goldberg .................................................. 279 Goral ........................................................ 321 Gouraud ........................................... .320, 345 Graphic Representations ........................... 107 Graphic Subsystem ..................................... 15 Grids ........................................................ 259

CJoeyGrid .......................................... 259 CJoeyGridPlane ................................ 259 CJoeyLine .......................................... 259

Ground Plane ............................................. 61 Grouping .................................................. 343

H

Haber ....................................................... 350 Haeberli ................................................... 319 HalL ................................ 323, 326, 343, 350 Hartson .................................................... 279 Hecht ....................................................... 327 Help ......................................................... 287 Hit Testing ................................ 131, 254, 353

convex polyhedra ................................. 257 grid ...................................................... 259 polygon ................................................ 258 using CJOeyMouse ........... See CJoeyMouse

Homogeneous Coordinate ......................... 307 Hunt. ........................................................ 326

Index

I

IDataObject .......................................... 212 IDM_CAM_LEFT_MOUSE ............................ 248 IDM_EDIT_COPY_SPECIAL ...................... 251 IDM_EDIT_LIGHTS .................................... 99 IDM_EDIT_MATERIALS .............•................ 96 IDM_FILE_SAVE_SPECIAL ...................... 251 IES ........................................................... 326 Immediate Interaction ............................... 114 Indirect Interaction ................................... 114 Interpolation Artifacts .............................. 335 In-Out Test. .............................................. 258 IRenderDevX ..................... 194-7, 227, 280-2

Attach ........................................... 231, 236 Camera ................................................ 237 Clear .................................................... 237 DeviceCaps ................................. 231, 236 DeviceSpecifics .............................. 236 Draw3dGrid ..................•.............. 235, 262 Draw3dHalfline ................................ 235 Draw3dLine ........................................ 235 Draw3dMesh ........................................ 236 Draw3dPoint ............................... 113, 235 Draw3dPolygon .................................. 236 Draw3dPo11'1i.ne ................... 89, 201, 235 Draw3dTristrip ................................ 236 DrawEnd .............................................. 237 DrawStart .......................................... 237 FlagEnd .............................................. 237 FlagStart .......................................... 237 IsAttached ........................................ 236 LightPop ............................................ 235 LightPush .......................................... 235 LightRemove ..............•....................... 235 LightSet ..........•.......................... l0l, 235 MaterialPop ................................. 88, 235 MaterialPush ............................... 88, 235 MaterialSet ...................................... 235 Placement .......................................... 237 registration ........................................... 229 RendererCaps ............................. 231, 236 RendererType ............................. 231, 236 StateLock ........................... 226, 237, 358 StateRestore ..................... 226, 237, 358 template ............................................... 266 transformation stack ............................. 234 UpdateEnd ................................... 237, 358 UpdateStart ............................... 237, 358

Interactive 3D Graphics in. Windows 373

XfmConcat .................................... 70, 234 conductor ............................................. 329 XfmPop .......................................... 71, 234 dielectric .............................................. 329 XfmPush ........................................ 70, 234 diffuse reflection ........................... 319, 329 XfmPushDataDef .......................... 70, 234 microfacet distribution ......................... 330 XfmSet ................................................ 234 specular reflection ......................... 319, 329

J M

Joblove ..................................................... 324 Mach Banding .......................................... 335 JOEY Mantyla .................................................... 290

camera ................................................. 222 Materials ........................................... 238, 322 clipboard support ................................... 43 database ................................................. 96 context sensitive help ............................. 27 drawing properties ............................... 322 include file ............................................. 15 pre-defined ........ See Pre-Defined Materials installation ............................................. 15 procedural textures ............................... 238 library .................................................... 16 viewit3d example ................................... 96 Ole Automation .......... See OLE Automation McKim ............................................. 277, 342 resources ........................................ 18, 196 Metafiles .................................... .46, 229, 294 status bar ....................................... 21, 196 Meyer .............................................. .324, 326

JOEY 3D Metafile ...................... 42, 229, 299 Microfacet Distribution ............................ 341 forms ................................................... 300 Min-Max Box .......................................... 111 linking and embedding ................... 45, 301 Motion Blur ............................................. 318

JOEY Viewer ..................................... 47, 301 Move Modes .............................................. 58

Joey.Camera ............................................ 50 Myers ....................................................... 275 joey.hm ...................................................... 28 JOEY_LIGHT_TYPE_AMBIENT .................. 341

N

JOEY_LIGHT_TYPE_DIRECTIONAL .......... 339 Neider ....................................... 291, 318, 352 JOEY_LIGHT_TYPE_LOCAL ...................... 339 Nelson ..................................................... 351 JOEY_LIGHT_TYPE_SPOT ........................ 341 Newell ..................................................... 317 Judd ......................................................... 326 Newman ................................................... 275

K Nielson .................................................... 350 Notification .............................................. 251

Kaufman .................................................. 326 camera change .................................. 248-9

L document change .................................. 251 grid change .......................................... 262

Lee ........................................................... 351 o Lights .................................. 99,241,338,351

ambient ................................................ 341 OpenOL ................................................... 318

attenuation ........................................... 339 OLE ........................................................... 38 directional ............................................ 338 OLE Automation ........................ .47, 215, 302 local ..................................................... 338 OLE Client ............................................... 125

spotlights ............................................. 339 change notification ............................... 125

viewit3d example ................................... 99 OLE Server .............................................. 123

Lin ............................................................. 82 change notification ............................... 124 Linking and Embedding ............................. 38 linking and embedding ......................... 293

3D design data ..................................... 294 OleSetClipboard .................................. 212

JOEY 3D metafiles .............................. 301 OpenOL ................................................... 318

preferred view ...................................... 224 Local Illumination ............................ .319, 326

374

p

Painters Algorithm ................................... 317 Parametric Specification ........................... 352 Performance Sensitive Interaction ...... 262, 355 Perlin ....................................................... 332 Phong ................................................ 320, 335 Plucker ..................................................... 305 Porter ....................................................... 334 Positioning Jack ......................................... 66

viewit3d example ................................... 68 Pre-Defined Materials ................................ 97

axis, world ............................................. 97 default ................................................... 97 gridlines, major ...................................... 97 gridlines, minor. ..................................... 97

R

Radiosity ........................................... 321, 342 Ray Tracing .............................................. 316 Reflectivity ............................................... 325 Registration Database ................................. 15 Relationships ........................................... 350

constructive specification ..................... 351 direct manipulation .............................. 350 energy constraints ................................ 352 parametric specification ....................... 352 variational geometry ............................. 351

Relative Positioning .......................... 115, 247 Render Device .......................................... 281

adding .................................................. 357 template ............................................... 266 XOR .................................................... 252

Render Environment lights ...................................................... 81 materials ................................................ 81

Rendering ........................... 78,227,315,317 A-buffer ............................................... 318 accumulation buffer .............................. 318 dialogue control ..................................... 91 flat shaded ............................................. 78 interpolation ......................................... 335 local illumination ................................. 319 painters algorithm ................................ 317 smooth shaded ....................................... 78 styles ................................................... 343 unshaded ................................................ 78 viewit3d example ................................... 78 visibility ............................................... 316

Index

wireframe .............................................. 78 Renderman ............................................... 318 Representation .................................. 276, 342

bounding volume .................................. 342 intermediate ......................................... 276 shape abstraction .................................. 345 smooth shaded ..................................... 342 symbolic .............................................. 346 wireframe ............................................ 342

Resources IDM_CAM_APPROACH ....•••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 21 IDM_CAM_DIALOGUE ••••....•••••..•.......•••.•.. 21 IDM_CAM_LEFT_MOUSE •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 IDM_CAM_LOOK ..................••••.•..........•••• 21 IDM_CAM_ORBIT .................................... 21 IDM_CAM_RESET •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 IDM_CAM_ROTATE ...........••••..................• 21 IDM_CAM_TRANS .....•..•..•.••.•..................• 21 IDM_CAM_WALK ••..........•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 IDM_CAM_ZOOM ••••••.••...•••••••...••••....•..•••.• 21 IDM_GRID_DIALOGUE ••••••••.••••••••••••••••••• 21

RGB ........................................................ 323 colour specification .............................. 323 cylinder ................................................ 324 hexcone ............................................... 324

Robertz .................................................... 350 Rogers ....................................... 306, 310, 350 Rupel ....................................................... 279

S

Save SpeciaL ........................................ 251 Scan Conversion ....................................... 335 Scrollbar ........................................... 115, 246 Shoemake ................................................ 275 Smith ....................................................... 324 Specular Reflection .................................. 319 Sproull ..................................................... 350 Sutherland ................................................ 317

T

Texture Mapping ...................................... 332 Topology .................................................. 288 Transformation ......................... See CXfm4x4f

concatenation ....................................... 315 pipeline .................................................. 67 pop ........................................................ 68 push ....................................................... 67 surface normals .................................... 226

Interactive 3D Graphics in Windows 375

vectors ................................................. 226 Transformation Stacks ................. 66, 226, 314 Transparency ............................................ 331 Trichromatic Colour Reproduction ............ 324 Tufte ........................................................ 342

u Update Rate

optimising ............................................ 252 Upstill ................................................ 55, 305

v Variational Geometry ............................... 351 Vertex Normal ........................................... 85 Visibility .................................................. 345

w Wanger ...................................................... 57 Watkins .................................................... 317 Weiler ............................................... 290,317 Whitted .................................................... 320 Williams .................................................. 332 Witkin ...................................................... 352 WM_CREATE .............•...••.•.....••.•••.••.....•••••• 282 WYSIWYG .............................................. 342

Z

Z-Buffer ................................................... 317