Bibliography

I. Documents

fLO Documents 1. Constitution. 2. Official Bulletin. 3. Records of Proceedings of the International Labour Conference. 4. Reports of the Conference Committee on the Application of Conventions and

Recommendations (International Labour Conference). 5. Reports of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and

Recommendations (International Labour Conference). 6. Report of the Commission Appointed under Article 26 of the Constitution of the

International Labour Organization to Examine the Complaint Filed by the Government of Portugal concerning the Observance by the Government of Liberia of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29).

7. Reports and Summaries of Reports on Ratified Conventions submitted to the International Labour Conference.

United Nations Documents 8. Human Rights, A Compilation of International Instruments of the United Nations,

1978, ST/HR/I/Rev. 1. 9. U.N. Conference on the Law of Treaties, Official Records, First Session, Vienna, 1968,

A/Conf. 39/11. 10. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, A/Conf. 39/27.

Council of Europe Documents II. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental

Freedoms (1950), 213 U.N.T.S. 221. 12. Council of Europe Implementation of Article 57 of the European Convention on

Human Rights, Secretariat Memorandum Prepared by the Directorate of Human Rights, Strasbourg, 15 October 1976, H (76) 15.

Government Documents 13. Constitutions of Argentina, France, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Switzerland, United

States (Peaslee, Constitutions of Nations). 14. France: Bulletinjuridique de la federation nationale des organismes de securite sociale. 15. Guatemala: C6digo de Trabajo, 1967, 1971. 16. Switzerland: Feuille federale. 17. United States: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting Four

Treaties Pertaining to Human Rights, Senate, 95th Cong., 2d Sess., Executives C, D, E & F, February 23, 1978.

171

II. Books

18. American Law Institute. Restatement (Second) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Law Institute Publishers, 1965, 679 p.

19. Anzilotti, Dionisio. Cours de droit international (trans. Gidel). Paris: Sirey, 3rd ed. 1929, 536 p.

20. Bergsten, Eric E. Community Law in the French Courts. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1973, 141 p.

21. Bidart Campos, German J. Manual de Derecho ConstitucionalArgentino. Buenos Aires: Ediar, 2d ed. 1974, 863 p.

22. Bidart Campos, German J. Derecho Constitucional. Buenos Aires: Ediar, 1964-66,2 vols., 822 and 709 p.

23. Bidart Campos, German J. EI Derecho Constitucional del Poder. Buenos Aires: Ediar, 1967, 2 vols., 478 p.

24. Briggs, Herbert Whittaker. The Law of Nations. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 2d ed. 1952, 1108 p.

25. Brownlie, Ian, ed. Basic Documents on Human Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971, 531 p.

26. Burgoa, Ignacio. Derecho Constitucional Mexicano. Mexico: Porrua, 1973, 1126 p. 27. Cassese, Antonio. II Controllo Internazionale. Milano: A. Giuffre, 1971,314 p. 28. Chailley, Pierre. La naturejuridique des traites internationaux. Paris: Sirey, 1932,343 p. 29. Condorelli, Luigi. II Giudice Italiano e i Trattati Internazionali. Gli Accordi self­

Executing e Non-Self-Executing nell'Ottica della Giurisprudenza. Padua: Cedam, 1974, 155 p. 30. Deuxieme colloque international de droit europeen (La Haye 1963), "Le probleme des

dispositions directement applicable (self-executing) des traites internationaux et son appli­cation aux traites instituant les communautes" (organise par l'Association Neerlandaise pour Ie droit europeen). Zwolle: N.V. Uitgeversmaatschappij W. E. J. Tjeenk Willink, 1966, 454p.

31. Erades, L. and Wesley L. Gould. The Relation between International Law and Municipal Law in the Netherlands and in the United States. Leiden: Sijthoff; New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1961, 510 p.

32. Guggenheim, Paul. Traite de droit international public, vol. I. Geneve: Georg, 2d ed. 1967, 352 p.

33. Henkin, Louis. Foreign Affairs and the Constitution. Mineola, New York: The Foundation Press, Inc., 1972, 533 p.

34. Holloway, Kaye. Modern Trends in Treaty Law. London: Stevens and Sons, 1967, 737 p.

35. International Labour Office. International Labour Code, 1951. Geneva: ILO, 1952, 2 vols.

36. International Labour Office. The Impact of International Labour Conventions and Recommendations, Geneva: ILO, 1976, 104 p.

37. Jenks, C. Wilfred. Human Rights and International Labour Standards. London: Stevens and Sons; New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1960, 159 p.

38. Krotoschin, Ernesto. Tratado Practico de Derecho del Trabajo. Buenos Aires: Depalma, 2d ed. 1965, 2 vols.

39. Landy, E. A. The Effectiveness of International Supervision-Thirty Years of ILO Experience. London: Stevens and Sons; Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1966, 268 p.

40. Lapidoth, Ruth. Les rapports entre Ie droit international public et Ie droit interne en Israel. Paris: A. Pedone, 1959, 156 p.

41. Lardy, Pierre. La force obligatoire du droit international en droit interne. Paris: Bibliotheque de droit international, R. Pichon et R. Durand-Auzias, 1966, 279 p.

172

42. Lauwaars, R. W. Lawfulness and Legal Force of Community Decisions. Leiden: SijthofT, 1973, 355 p.

43. Lozada, Salvador Maria. Derecho Constitucional Argentino Segun EI Metodo de Casos, vol. 1. Buenos Aires: Abeldo-Perrot, 1972, 858 p.

44. Lozada, Salvador Maria. Instituciones de Derecho Publico. Cordoba, Argentina: Editions Macchi, 1966, 482 p.

45. McNair, Lord A. D. The Law of Treaties. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961, 789 p. 46. O'Connell, D. P. International Law. London: Stevens and Sons, 2d ed. 1970, 2 vols.,

1390 p. 47. OfTeddu, Marino. Le Convenzioni Internazionali del Lavoro e I'Ordinamento Giuridico

Italiano. Padova: Cedam, 1973,207 p. 48. Paez Stille, Enrique. Interpretacion del Articulo 133 de la Constitucion. Mexico: Tesis,

Universidad Nacional de Mexico, 1945,60 p. 49. Peaslee, Amos J. Constitutions of Nations. The Hague: NijhofT, rev. 3rd ed. 1970,

4 vols. 1344 p. 50. Ramirez Gronda, Juan D. Derecho del Trabajo en la Republica Argentina. Buenos

Aires: Editorial-Claridad, 1938, 302 p. 51. Recueil d'etudes de droit international en hommage a Paul Guggenheim. Geneve:

Imprimerie de la Tribune de Geneve, 1968, 898 p. 52. Reuter, Paul. Introduction au droit des traites. Paris: Armand Colin (Collection U),

1972, 236 p. 53. Robertson, A. H., ed. Human Rights in National and International Law, Proceedings of

the 2nd International Conference on the European Convention on Human Rights, Vienna, 1965. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1968, 396 p.

54. Rousseau, Charles. Droit international public. Paris: Dalloz, 5th ed. 1970, 411 p. 55. Russotto, Jean. L'Application des traites self-executing en droit americain. Lausanne,

Montreux: These, Imprimerie Ganguin et Laubscher S.A., 1969, 199 p. 56. Scelle, Georges. Precis de droit des gens. Paris: Sirey, 1932-1934,2 vols., 558 p. 57. Scelle, Georges. L 'Organisation Internationale du Travail et Ie BIT. Paris: Marcel

Riviere, 1930, 333 p. 58. Schwebel, Stephen M., ed. The Effectiveness of International Decisions. Leyden: A. W.

SijthofT; Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1971,538 p. 59. Sereni, Angelo P. The Italian Conception of International Law. New York: Columbia

University Press, 1943, 402 p. 60. Shotwell, James T., ed. The Origins of the International Labour Organization, vol. 1.

New York: Columbia University Press, 1934,497 p. 61. Sohn, Louis B. and Thomas Buergenthal. International Protection of Human Rights.

Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1973, 1402 p. 62. Sorensen, Max, ed. Manual of Public International Law. London: MacMillan; New

York: St. Martin's Press, 1968,930 p. 63. Stein, Eric, Peter Hay and Michel Waelbroeck. European Community Law and

Institutions in Perspective. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1976, 1132 p. 64. Steiner, Henry J. and Detlev F. Vagts. Transnational Legal Problems. Mineola, New

York: The Foundation Press, Inc., 2d ed. 1976, 1429 p. 65. Tena Ramirez, Felipe. Derecho Constitucional Mexicano. Mexico: Porrua, 11th ed.

1972, 583 p. 66. Triepel, Heinrich. Droit international et droit interne (trans. Rene Brunet). Paris:

A. Pedone, 1920, 448 p. 67. Valdes Villareal, Mauricio. Relaciones entre EI Derecho Interno y EI Derecho

Internacional. Mexico: Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Mexico, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, 1944, 53 p.

173

68. Valticos, Nicolas. Droit international du travail (Traite de Droit du Travail). Paris: Dalloz, 1970, 638 p.

69. Valticos, Nicolas. International Labour Law. Deventer, Netherlands: Kluwer, 1979, 267p.

70. Whiteman, Marjorie, ed. Digest of International Law, vol. 14 (Treaties and Other International Agreements). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1970, 1203 p.

71. Wildhaber, Luzius. Treaty-Making Power and Constitution. Basel und Stuttgart: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 1971,412 p.

III. Articles

72. Berenstein, Alexandre. The Influence of International Labour Conventions on Swiss Legislation. 77 I.L.R. 495-518 (1958).

73. Bilder, Richard. Rethinking International Human Rights: Some Basic Questions. 1969 Wisconsin L. Rev. 171-217.

74. Bishop, William W., Jr. Unconstitutional Treaties. 42 Minn. L. Rev. 773-803 (1958). 75. Blagoev, Borislav. Conventions internationales du travail et leur application en droit

interne. 3 Revue yougoslave de droit international 417-419 (1961). 76. Blumann, Claude. L'Article 54 de la Constitution et Ie controle de la constitutionnalite

des traites en France. 82 R.G.D.I.P. 537-618 (1978). 77. Borchard, Edwin. The Relation between International Law and Municipal Law. 27

Virginia L. Rev. 137-148 (1940). 78. Brand, Ronald A. Note: Security Council Resolutions: When Do They Give Rise to

Enforceable Legal Rights? The United Nations Charter, the Byrd Amendment and a Self Executing Treaty Analysis. 9 Cornell International Law Journal 298-316 (1976).

79. Buergenthal, Thomas. The Domestic Status of the European Convention on Human Rights: A Second Look. 7 Journal of the International Commission of Jurists 55-96 (1966).

80. Buergenthal, Thomas. The Effect of the European Convention on Human Rights on the Internal Law of the Member States (British Institute ofInternational and Comparative Law, International Law Series, No.5). 1.c.L.Q., Supplementary Publication No. II, 79-106 (1965).

81. Buergenthal, Thomas. implementing the U.N. Racial Convention. 12 Texas Journal of International Law 187-221 (1977).

82. Buergenthal, Thomas. Interaction of National Law and Modern International Agreements: Some Introductory Observations. 18 Am. J. Compo L. 233-236 (1970).

83. Caflisch, Lucius, ed. Les rapports entre Ie droit international et les ordres juridiques nationaux, Pratique Suisse. 26 A.S.D.1. 91-92, 96-103 (1969-70); 30 A.S.D.1. 110-124 (1974).

84. Cassese, Antonio. "A New Reservations Clause (Article 20 of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination)" in Recueil d'erudes de droit international en hommage a Paul Guggenheim. Geneve: Imprimerie de la Tribune de Geneve, 1968, pp. 266-304.

85. Claudy, Donald E. The Treaty Power and Human Rights. 36 Cornell Law Quarterly 699-739 (1951).

86. Comte, Philippe. The Application of the European Convention on Human Rights in Municipal Law. 4 Journal of the International Commission of Jurists 95-129 (1962).

87. Condorelli, Luigi and Georgio Gaja, ed. Relationship Between Municipal Law and International Law, ludicial Decisions. Italian Yearbook of International Law 364-373 (1976); 16-23 (1977).

88. Condorelli, Luigi. EEC Treaty and GATT. Italian Yearbook of International Law 21-22 (1977).

89. Cornil, Pierre. Le role de la commission d'experts de rOIT dans Ie contrOie de

174

I'application des conventions internationales du travail. 6 R.B.D.l. 265-277 (1970-71). 90. Cortes Funes, Geronimo. Regimen de Incorporaciim de las Convenciones

Internacionales ala Legislacion Positiva Nacional. Doctrina Judicial, No. 1372,693-694,26 de junio de 1961.

91. Courtin, Michel. La pratique franr,:aise en matiere de ratification de l'article i9 de la Constitution de I'OIT. 1970 A.F.D.!. 596-604.

92. Dearborn, Charles H., III. The Domestic Legal Effect of Declarations That Treaty Provisions are Not Self-Executing. 57 Texas L. Rev. 233-251 (1979).

93. Deener, David R. International Law Provisions in Post World-War II Constitutions. 36 Cornell Law Quarterly 505-533 (1951).

94. Dehaussey, Jacques. "Le probh:me de la classification des traites et Ie projet de convention etabli par la Commission du Droit International des Nations Unies" in Recueil d'etudes de droit international en hommage a Paul Guggenheim. Geneve: Imprimerie de la Tribune de Geneve, 1968, pp. 305-326.

95. Dickinson, Edwin. Are the Liquor Treaties Self-Executing? 20 Am. J. Int'! L. 444-452 (\926).

96. Dickinson, Edwin. The Law of Nations as National Law: Political Questions. 104 U. Pa. L. Rev. 451-493 (1956).

97. Dickinson, Edwin. Changing Concepts and the Doctrine of Incorporation. 26 Am. J. Int'! L. 239-260 (1932).

98. Dickinson, Edwin. The Law of Nations as Part of the National Law of the United States. 101 U. Pa. L. Rev. 792-833 (1953).

99. Dihigo, Ernesto. Treaties as Lalf in National Courts: Latin America. 16 Louisiana L. Rev. 734-754 (1956).

100. Dominice, Christian. La Convention europeenne des droits de l'homme devant Ie juge national. 28 A.S.D.!. 9-40 (1972).

101. Drzemczewski, Andrew. The Domestic Status of the European Convention on Human Rights: Nelf Dimensions. Legal Issues of European Integration, No.1, 1-85 (1977).

102. van Emde Boas, Menno J. The impact of the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on the Legal Order of the Netherlands. 13 Neth. Int'I L. Rev. 337-373 (1966); 14 Neth. Int'I L. Rev. 1-32 (1967).

103. Engel, Salo. On the Status ol United States Treaty Lalf. 65 Am. J. Int'I L. 593-597 (1971).

104. Erades, L. The 1924 Brussels Convention on Bills of Lading is Non-Self-Executing. 16 Neth. Int'! L. Rev. 97-100 (1969).

105. Evans, Alona. Some Aspects of the Problem of Self-Executing Treaties. 1951 Proc., Am. Soc. Int'! L. 68-75.

106. Evans, Alona. Self-Executing Treaties in the United States of America. 30 Brit. Y. B. Int'I L. 178-205 (1953).

107. Fatouros, A. A. international Lalf in the New Greek Constitution. 70 Am. J. Int'I L. 492-506 (1976).

108. Feo, Edwin F. Selj~Execution of United Nations Security Council Resolutions Under United States Law. 24 U.C.L.A. L. Rev. 387-421 (1976).

109. Fischer, Dana. The Practice of the Human Rights Committee: An Effective Reporting System, in preparation (1980) for publication by the American Society ofinternational Law.

110. Friederich, Blair Phillips. Criteria for Selj~Executing Treaties. University of Illinois Law Forum 238-248 (1968).

111. Hay, Peter. Review of Bergsten, Community Lalf in the French Courts. 69 Am. J. Int'! L. 706-707 (1975).

112. Henkin, Louis. The Treaty Makers and the Lalf Makers: The Niagara Reservation. 56 Colum. L. Rev. 1151-1182 (1956).

175

113. Henry, Leslie. When is a Treaty Self-Executing? 27 Mich. L. Rev. 776-785 (1928-29). 114. Hudson, Manley O. Charter Provisions on Human Rights in Amerzcan Law. 44 Am. J.

Inn L. 543-548 (1950). 115. Jenks, C. Wilfred. The Conflict of Law-Making Treaties. 30 Brit. Y. B. Int'l L.

401-453 (1953). 116. Jenks, C. Wilfred. The Revision of International Labour Conventions. 14 Brit. Y. B.

Inn L. 43-64 (1933). 117. Jenks, C. Wilfred. The Present Status of the Bennett Ratifications of International

Labour Conventions. 15 The Canadian Bar Rev. 464-477 (1937). 118. Jenks, C. Wilfred. The Significance for International Law of the Tripartite Character

of the International Labour Organisation. 32 Transactions of the Grotius Society 45-81 (1936).

119. Jenks, C. Wilfred. The Interpretation of International Labour Conventions by the International Labour Office. 20 Brit. Y. B. Int'I L. 132-141 (1939).

120. Jenks, C. Wilfred. Can the Obligation to Ratify International Labour Conventions be Time-Barred? 15 The Canadian Bar Rev. 86-92 (1937).

121. Jenks, C. Wilfred. Are International Labour Conventions Agreements between Governments? 15 The Canadian Bar Rev. 574-578 (1937).

122. Jenks, C. Wilfred. Some Characteristics of International Labour Conventions. 13 The Canadian Bar Rev. 448-462 (1935).

123. Jenks, C. Wilfred. La competence de I'OIT, Examen de 4 avis consultatifs rendus par la Cour Permanent de Justice International. 28 Revue de droit international et de legislation comparee 586-623 (1937).

124. Jenks, C. Wilfred. The Application of International Labour Conventions by Means of Collective Agreements. 19 Z.a.ii.R.V., No. 1-3, 197-224 (1958).

125. Kelsen, Hans. Les rapports de syslI?me entre Ie droit interne et Ie droit international public. 14 R.C.A.D.1. 231-326 (1926-IV).

126. Khol, Andreas A. The Influence of the Human Rights Convention on Austrian Law. 18 Am. J. Compo L. 237-258 (1970).

127. Landy, E. A. The Influence of International Labour Standards: Possibilities and Performance. 101 I.L.R. 555-604 (1970).

128. Liebscher, Viktor. Austria and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. 4 Journal of the International Commission of Jurists 282-293 (1963).

129. Mahaim, Ernest. Quelques questions de droit au sujet des conventions internationales du travail. 20 R.I.T. 807-838 (1929).

130. Mahaim, Ernest. Les conventions internationales du travail-a propos de debats recents. 10 Revue de droit international et de legislation comparee, 699-734 (1929); ibid. 11, 123-146 (1930).

131. Malinverni, Georges. L 'Application de la Convention europeenne des droits de I'homme en Suisse. Memoires publies par la Faculte de Droit de Geneve, Quinzieme Journee Juridique, 4-50 (1977).

132. Marek, Krystyna. Les rapports entre Ie droit international et Ie droit interne a la lumiere de la jurisprudence de la Cour Permanente de Justice International. 66 R.G.D.I.P. 260-298 (1962).

133. McDougal, Myres. The Impact of International Law upon National Law: A Policy­Oriented Perspective. 4 South Dakota L. Rev. 25 (1959), pp.25-92. Republished in McDougal and Associates, Studies in World Public Order. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1960, pp. 157-236.

134. McLaughlin, C. H. The Scope of the Treaty Power in the United States. 42 Minn. L. Rev. 709-771 (1958).

176

135. McMahon, J. F. The Legislative Techniques of the International Labour Organization. 41 Brit. Y. B. Int'l L. 1-102 (1965-66).

136. Morellet, Jean. The Influence of International Labour Conventions on French Legislation. 101 I.L.R. 331-358 (1970).

137. Morellet, Jean. At What Moment do International Labour Conventions Become Applicable? 16 I.L.R. 755-772 (1927).

138. Morellet, Jean. La notion de niciprocite dans les traites de travail et les conventions internationales du travail. 26 Revue de droit international prive 642-656 (1931).

139. Morellet, Jean. Un type original de traites: les conventions internationales du travail. 33 R.C.D.I.P. 1-21 (1938).

140. Morgenstern, Felice. Judicial Practice and the Supremacy of International Law. 27 Brit. Y. B. Int'I L. 42-92 (1950).

141. Mosler, Hermann. L'Application du droit international public par les tribunaux nationaux. 91 R.C.A.D.I. 625-705 (1957-1).

142. van Panhuys, Jonkheer H. F. The Netherlands Constitution and International Law. 58 Am. J. Int'l L. 88-108 (1964).

143. van Panhuys, Jonkheer H. F. Relations and Inter-actions between International Law and National Scenes of Law. 112 R.C.A.D.I. 7-21 (1964-11).

144. Parry, Clive. "The Law of Treaties" in Sorenson, Max, ed. Manual of Public International Law, 1968, p.197.

145. Perez, Benito. Alcance de las Convenciones Internacionales de la OIT Ratificadas por el Congreso. 21 Derecho del Trabajo 635-637 (1961).

146. Pescatore, Pierre. "Rapport luxemburgeois" in Deuxieme col/oque international de droit europeen (La Haye 1963). Zwolle: N.V. Uitgeversmaatschappij W. E. J. Tjeenk Willink, 1966, pp. 137-158.

147. Plata-Castilla, Alfonso. International Labour Standards and Colombian Legislation. 99 I.L.R. 137-158 (1969).

148. Potter, Pitman B. Relative Authority of International Law and National Law in the United States. 19 Am. J. Int'I L. 315-326 (1925).

149. Preuss, Lawrence. Article 2, Paragraph 7 of the Charter of the United Nations and Matters of Domestic Jurisdiction. 74 R.C.A.D.1. 553-653 (1949-1).

150. Preuss, Lawrence. The Execution of Treaty Obligations Through Internal Law­System of the United States and of Some Other Countries. 1951 Proc., Am. Soc. Int'l L. 82-100.

151. Preuss, Lawrence. On Amending the Treaty-Making Power: A Comparative Study of the Problem of Self-Executing Treaties. 51 Mich. L. Rev. 1117 et seq. (1953).

152. Ramirez Gronda, Juan D. Validez y Vigencia de los Convenios Internacionales del Trabajo Ratificados. 17 Derecho del Trabajo 5-12 (1957).

153. Reiff, Henry. The Enforcement of Multipartite Administrative Treaties in the United States. 34 Am. J. Int'! L. 661-679 (1940).

154. Rice, William 1. The Position of International Treaties in Swiss Law. 46 Am. J. InCI L. 641-666 (1952).

155. Riesenfeld, Stefan A. The Doctrine of Self-Executing Treaties and Community Law: A Pioneer Decision of the Court of Justice of the European Community. 67 Am. J. Int'I L. 504-508 (1973).

156. Riesenfeld, Stefan A. The Doctrine of Self-Executing Treaties and GATT: A Notable German Judgment. 65 Am. J. lnfl L. 548-550 (1971).

157. Riesenfeld, Stefan A. and Richard M. Buxbaum. N. V. Algemene Transport-en Expeditie Onderneming Van Gend and Loos c. Administration Fiscale Neerlandaise: A Pioneering Decision of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. 58 Am. J. Int'I L. 152-159 (1964).

177

158. Rosenn, Keith. Judicial Review in Latin America. 35 Ohio St. L. J. 785-819 (1974). 159. Ruiz Moreno, Hector. La Organizaciim Internacional del Trabajo. 13 Derecho del

Trabajo 5-22 (1953). 160. Ruiz Moreno, Hector. Ratificacion de Convenios Internacionales de Trabajo. 16

Derecho del Trabajo 440-443 (1956). 161. Schachter, Oscar. The Charter and the Constitution: The Human Rights Provisions in

American Law. 4 Vand. L. Rev. 643-659 (1951). 162. Scheuner, Ulrich. "An Investigation of the European Convention on Human Rights

and Fundamental Freedoms on National Legislation and Practice" in Asbjorn Eide and August Schou, ed., International Protection of Human Rights (Proceedings of the Seventh Nobel Symposium, 1967, Oslo). Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1968, pp. 193-215.

163. Schliiter, Bernhard. The Domestic Status of the Human Rights Clauses of the United Nations Charter. 61 Calif. L. Rev. 110-164 (1973).

164. Secretan, Jacques. Swiss Constitutional Problems and the International Labour Organisation. 56 I.L.R. 1-20 (1947).

165. Seidl-Hohenveldern, I. Relation of International Law to Internal Law in Austria. 49 Am. J. Int'l L. 451-476 (1955).

166. Seidl-Hohenveldern, I. Transformation or Adoption of International Law into Municipal Law. 12 1.c.L.Q. 88-124 (1963).

167. Solomon, Jack. When are Treaties Self-Executing? 31 Neb. L. Rev. 463-474 (1952). 168. Starke, J. G. Monism and Dualism in the Theory of International Law. 17 Brit. Y. B.

Int'l L. 66-81 (1936). 169. Stein, Eric and G. Joseph Vining. Citizen Access to Judicia/' Review of Administrative

Action in a Transnational and Federal Context. 70 Am. J. Int'l L. 219-41 (1976). 170. Stotter, Charles W. Self-Executing Treaties and the Human Rights Provisions of the

United Nations Charter: A Separation of Powers Problem. 25 Buffalo L. Rev. 773-786 (1976). 171. Triepel, Heinrich. Les rapports entre Ie droit interne et Ie droit international. I

R.C.A.D.1. 77-118 (1923). 172. Unsain, Alejandro M. Ratificacion de Convenciones Internacionales del Trabajo. 9

Derecho del Trabajo 497-501 (1949). 173. Va1ticos, Nicolas. Monisme ou dualisme? Les rapports des traites et de la loi en Grece

(specialement tl propos des conventions internationales du travail). 3-4 Revue hel1enique de droit international 203-235 (1958).

174. Valticos, Nicolas. Fifty Years of Standard-Setting Activities by the International Labour Organization. 100 I.L.R. 201-257 (1969).

175. Valticos, Nicolas. Un systeme de controle international: la mise en oeuvre des conventions internationales du travail. 123 R.C.A.D.1. 315-407 (1968-1).

176. Valticos, Nicolas. Droit international du travail et droit interne fran,ais. Travaux du co mite franc;:ais de droit international prive, 1973-75 (Paris: Dalloz, 1977), p. II et seq.

177. Valticos, Nicolas. Conventions internationales du travail et droit interne. 44 R.C.D.I.P. 251-288 (1955).

178. Valticos, Nicolas. The Influence of International Labour Conventions on Greek Legislation. 71 I.L.R. 593-615 (1955).

179. Valticos, Nicolas. Les conventions internationales du travail devant Ie juge fran,ais (tl propos de I'arret Klaiss de la 2' section civile du 28 mars 1962). 53 R.C.D.I.P. 41-72 (1964).

180. Valticos, Nicolas. Les effets des conventions internationales du travail en Suisse. 50 Memoires de la Faculte de Droit (Universite de Geneve) 327-345 (1975).

181. Virally, Michel. "Droits de l'homme et theorie generale du droit international" in Rene Cassin amicorum discipulorumque fiber, vol. IV, Methodofogie des droits de I'homme. Paris: Pedone, 1972, pp. 323-330.

178

182. Virally, Michel. "Sur un pont aux anes: les rapports entre droit international et droits internes" in Melanges offerts a Henri Rolin. Paris: Pedone, 1964, pp. 488-505.

183. de Visscher, Paul. Les tendances internationales des constitutions modernes. 81

R.C.A.D.I. 516-578 (1952-1). 184. Waelbroeck, Michel. Ceffi!! direct de I'accord relatif aux echanges commerciaux de 22

juillet 1972, entre la Communaute Economique Europeenne et la Confederation Suisse. 29 A.S.D.I. 113-132 (1973).

185. Weissbrodt, David. United States Ratification of the Human Rights Covenants. 63 Minn. L. Rev. 35-77 (1978).

186. Wengler, Wilhelm. Rejlexions sur I'application du droit international public par les tribunaux internes. 72 R.G.D.I.P. 922-990 (1968).

187. Wildhaber, Luzius. Bemerkungen zum Fall Schubert betrefend das Verhiiltnis von Volkerrecht und Landesrecht. 30 A.S.D.I. 195-201 (1974).

188. Wright, Quincy .. Treaties and Constitutional Separation of Powers in the United States. 12 Am. J. Int'! L. 64-95 (1918).

189. Wright, Quincy. Treaties as Law in National Courts: The United States. 16 Louisiana L. Rev. 755-761 (1956).

190. Wright, Quincy. National Courts and Human Rights-The Fujii Case. 45 Am. J. Int'I L. 62-82 (1951).

191. Yemin, Edward. Interpretation of Treaties Adopted Within International Organizations (unpublished manuscript), Geneva.

179

Table of Cases

National Cases

Argentina

Alonso, Gregorio c. Haras "Los Cardos" 33,n.35, 51,n.14, 76,n.67, 82-87, 88, 91, 94,n.13, 94,n.22,n.26, 105, 114,n.30, 141, 156

Chantrain, Alfonso (recurso de habeas corpus) 134,n.18

Esso, S.A. Petrolera Argentina c. Nacion Argentina 133,n.16

Martin y Cia, Ltda. S.A. c. Administracion General de Puertos 119

Martin y Cia Ltda. c. The Government 133,n.16

Merck Quiinica Argentina c. Gobierno de la Nacion 134,n.19

Roa c. Moschos 33,n.35, 87-88, 94,n.22, 95,n.29, 104, 114,n.28, 149,n.19

France

Administration des Douanes c. Societe "Cafes Jacques Vabre" et Societe J. Weigel 121

Castanie c. Dame Veuve Hurtado 90-91, 106, 115,n.33, 141

Etablissements Cornet v. Gaido 15,n.17 Fonds commun des accidents du travail c.

Jose Compan-Vaquer 91-92, 95,n.39, 115,n.33, 142, 148,n.13

Interruption volontaire de grossesse (Conseil Constitutionnel) I 34,n.26

Klaiss, L'arret 88-90, 94,n.23, 95,n.33, n.35, 136,n.53, 141

Syndicat General des Fabricants de Semoules 121

Guatemala

Tabacalera Nacional, S.A. c. Administration of Customs 136,n.59

Italy

Night Work of Women, (Council of State) 125-127, 135,n.46

Mexico

Raja, Jesus Gregorio I 35,n.40

The Netherlands

In re the Portalon 66, 74,n.45 Institut national des appellations d'origine

des vins et eaux de vie v. J. Mettes 65-66, 74,n.43

Switzerland

Banque de Credit International c. Conseil d'Etat du canton de Geneve 68

Demoiselle Loup 95,n.27 Schubert c. commission cantonale tessinoise

de recours pour I'application de I'arrete federal du 23 Mars 1961 concernant l'ac­quisition d'immeubles par des personnes domiciliees a l'etranger 123, 135,n.35, 170,n.24

Steenworden c. Societe des Auteurs 122-123, 134,n.32

United Kingdom

Le Parlement Beige 42,n.9

United States

Aguilar v. Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey 93,n.9

181

Bacardi Corp. v. Domp,nech 72,n.14 Cherokee Tobaco l33,n.9 Clinton Bridge l33,n.lO Cook v. United States 72,n.14, l33,n.6,

l36,n.54 Diggs v. Schultz l33,n.6 Erie Railroad Company v. Tompkins

93,n.6 Foster and Elam v. Neilson 55-56, 57,

71,n.2 Haver v. Yaker 46,51,n.lO Head Money Cases (Edye v. Robertson)

72,n.14, 118, l33,n.5 Hijo v. United States 133,n.6 Marbury v. Madison 119 Moser v. U.S. 133,n.6 Oyama v. California 61, 73,n.30 People of Saipan v. U.S. Department of

Interior 59-60 Pigeon River Improvement, Slide & Boom

Co. v. Cox l33,n.6 Reid v. Covert 119, l33,n.13,n.15 Roy v. United States and the Ogallala Tribe

of Sioux Indians 51,n.ll Sei Fujii v. California 22,57,58-59,61,66,

72,n.l3, 73,n.20, 170,n.24 Taylor v. Morton 74,n.40, 133,n.lO The Over the Top 60-61 Turner v. American Baptist Missionary

Union 60 United Shoe Machinery Company v.

Duplessis Shoe Machinery Co. 73,n.21

182

United States v. Percheman 56, 57 Valentine v. United States 72,n.14 Vanity Fair Mills, Inc. v. T. Eaton Co.

74,n.40 Warren v. U.S. 78-82, 93,n.4,n.ll, 98, 111,

113,n.10 Waterman Steamship Corp. v. Jones 80 Whitney v. Robertson 72,n.14, l33,n.6

International Cases

Court of Justice of the European Communities

N.V. Algemene Transport-en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend & Loos c. Ad­ministration Fiscale Neerlandaise 42,n.3

Permanent Court of International Justice

Competence of the International Labour Organisation to Regulate, Incidentally, the Personal Work of the Employer 16,n.23

Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations 42,n.4

Interpretation of the Convention of 1919 Concerning the Employment of Women During the Night 15,n.12

Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig 22 Nationality Decrees in Tunis and Morocco

(Great Britain v. France) ISO, 169,n.2

Table of Treaties and Conventions

ILO Conventions (The text of these instruments is published in the Official Bulletin of the International Labour Office for the year of their adoption.)

No.

I Hours of work (Industry), 1919 26, 27, 33,n.23

3 Maternity Protection, 1919 86, 88-90, 94,n.23, 129, 139, 157

6 Night Work of Young Persons, (In-dustry), 1919 33,n.19, 34,nA3, 124-125, 135,nA2

7 Minimum Age (Sea), 1920 33,n.25 8 Unemployment Indemnity (Ship-

wreck), 1920 33,n.19, 87-88, \04, 143-144,146

II Right of Association (Agriculture), 1921 169,n.3

12 Workmen's Compensation (Agricul­ture),1921 82-87,88,90,91, \05, 156, 158

13 White Lead (Painting), 1921 \09-·111, 115,n.53,128

17 Workmen's Compensation (Accidents), 1925 93,n.12

19 Equality of Treatment (Accident Com-pensation), 1925 15,n.17, 90-92, 95,n.38, \06, 127, 156, 157

27 Marking of Weight (Packages Trans­ported by Vessels), 1929 \02

29 Forced Labour, 1930 14,n.8, 33,n.20, 113,n.5, 130, 145, 169,n.3

41 Night Work (Women) (Revised), 1934 14,n.7

42 Workmen's Compensation (Occupa­tional Diseases) (Revised), 1934 109

43 Sheet-Glass Works, 1934 \04,1I3,nA 48 Maintenance of Migrants' Pension

Rights, 1935 142143, 149,n.16

49 Reduction of Hours of Work (Glass­Bottle Works), 1935 \04, 1I3,nA

52 Holidays with Pay, 1936 97, 139-141 55 Shipowners' Liability (Sick and Injured

Seamen), 1936 77-82, p. 94,n.12, 98, Ill, 113,n.8

62 Safety Provisions (Building), 1937 \02, 112, 1I5,n.56

77 Medical Examination of Young Persons (Industry), 1946 33,n.29

84 Right of Association (Non-Metropoli­tan Territories), 1947 169,n.3

87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise, 1948 107, 108, 169,n.3

89 Night Work (Women), (Revised), 1948 125-127

90 Night Work of Young Persons (In­dustry) (Revised), 1948 124, 146

97 Migration for Employment (Revised), 1949 33,n.29, 144

98 Right to Organise and Collective Bar­gaining, 1949 169,n.3

100 Equal Remuneration, 1951 87, 94, n.26, 95,n.28, 98, 169,n.3

105 Abolition of Forced Labour, 1957 169,n.3

\06 Weekly Rest (commerce and Offices), 1957 97

108 Seafarer's Identity Documents, 1958 144-145

110 Plantations, 1958 112, 1I5,n.57 III Discrimination (Employment and Oc­

cupation), 1958. 169,n.3 112 Minimum Age (Fisherman), 1959

\03, 114,n.24

183

117 Social Policy (Basic Aims and Stan­dards), 1962 169,n.3

l20 Hygiene (Commerce and Offices), 1964 34,n.42

122 Employment Policy, 1964 8, 169,n.3 123 Minimum Age (Underground Work),

1965 34,n.42, 102, 103, 114,n.20,n.21, n.23

124 Medical Examination of Young Persons (Underground Work), 1965 103, 114, n.20,n.22

135 Workers' Representatives, 1971 169, n.3

141 Rural Workers' Organisations, 1975 169,n.3

Multilateral Treaties

American convention on Human Rights, 1969, OAS Treaty Series No. 36, at I, Off. Rec. OEA/Ser. L/V/II.23, doc. 21, rev. 6 (1979) 76,n.32, 161

Constitution of the International Labour Organisation, 1919, Versailles. See Part XIII (Labour) of the Treaty of Peace, Versailles, 1919 and Instrument for the Amendment of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation, 1946, Montreal, 15 U.N.T.S. 35. 9, 10, II, 12, 15,n.15, 16,n.21, 18,20,23, 130, 133,n.3, 140, 149,n.26,n.27

Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association, Stockholm, 1960, 370 U.N.T.S. 3. 68

Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Rome, 1950,213 U.N.T.S. 222 3,32,n.1, 42,n.3, 43,n.18, 67, 74,n.48, 75,n.51,n.57, 108, 123, 134,n.26, 161, 162, 163, 170,n.20

Convention on the Law of Treaties, Vienna, 1969, U.N. Doc A/CONF. 39/27, 1969 12, 16,n.28, 42,n.4

European Social Charter, Turin, 1965, Europ. T.S. No. 35 14,n.5

184

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Geneva, 1947, 55 U.N.T.S. 187 43,n.18

International Coffee Agreement 469 V.N.T.S. 169 74,n.33

International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading, Brussels, 1924, 120 L.N.T.S. 155 66, 74,n.45

International Convention of Paris for the Protection ofIndustrial Property, 1883,25 Stat. 1372, T.S. No. 379 160

International Covenant on Civil and Politi­cal Rights, 1966, U.N. Doc. A/6316, (1966) 73,n.32, 151, 161-162

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966) 14,n.5, 74,n.32, 151, 161

International convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1969,660 U.N.T.S. 195 74,n.32, 161

Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community, Rome, 1957, 298 U.N.T.S. II 69, 151, 167

United Nations Charter, 1945,59 Stat. 1031, T.S. No. 993, 3 Bevans 1153 (1969). 22, 59, 72,n.17, 73,n.23, 119

Bilateral Treaties

Florida Purchase Treaty (Treaty of Amity, Settlement and Limits, United States­Spain), 1819, 8 Stat. 252, T.S. No. 327 55,56

French-Netherlands Commercial Treaty of 1935 66

Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (Argentina-Brazil), 1940 119

Treaty on Establishment (Switzerland­Austria-Hungary), 1875, RS II, p. 569 123 Trusteeship Agreement for the Former

Japanese Mandated Islands, (United Nations-United States), 1947, 61 Stat. 3301, T.I.A.S. No. 1665, 8 U.N.T.S. 190 59,60

Author Index

Anzilotti, D. 38, 42,n.10,n.l2, 151

Berenstein, A. 53,n.31, 115,n.40, 135,n.50 Bergsten, E. 134,n.24, 163, 168, 170,n.23 Bidart Campos, G. 51,n.13, 70, 76,n.67,

119, 133,n.17, 134,n.19 Bilder, R. 32,n.1 Brand, R. 72,n.lO Briggs, H. 12, 16,n.27 Brownlie, I. 169,n.3 Buergenthal, T. 4,n.2.n.5, 73,n.31 Burgoa, I. 52,n.15 Buxbaum, R. 42,n.3

Caflisch, L. 53,n.31 Cassese, A. 32,n.l,n.3 Comte, P. 4,n.5 Condorelli, L. 53,n.35, 70, 75,n.63, 76,

n.64"n.66, 134,n.23 Cornil, P. 138, 148,n.3 Cortes Funes, G. 86, 88, 94,n.22, 95,n.30

Dearborn, C. 74,n.33 Dickinson, E. 72,n.10,n.12 Dihigo, E. 136,n.59 Dominici:, C. 4,n.5, 35, 38, 39, 41,n.1,

42,n.6, 43,n.16, 52,n.30

Eide, A. 16,n.24 Emde Boas, M. Van 52,n.26, 74,n.44,n.48,

75,n.49,n.51, 108, 115,n.44 Engel, S. 168, 170,n.30 Erades, L. 46, 51,n.8,n.9,n.12, 52,n.26, 66,

67, 74,n.46 Evans, A. 63, 70, 72,n.lO, 74,n.34

Feo, E. 72,n.lO,n.15,n.16 Fischer, D. 170,n.19

Gaja, G. 53,n.35, 75,n.63, 134,n.23 Gould, W. 46, 51,n.8,n.9,n.l2, 52,n.26 Guggenheim, P. 53,n.31

Hay, P. 72,n.10, 121, 134,n.24 Henkin, L. 46, 51,n.8,n.10, 72,n.10, 73,

n.25, 74,n.33, 118, 119, 133,n.8, 133,n.13 Henry, L. 72,n.10 Higgins, R. 42,n.5 Holloway, K. 38, 41,n.2, 42,n.12, 43,n.13,

169,n.4

Jenks, C. 14,n.2, 15,n.13, 16,n.24,n.28, 114,n.15

Ke1sen, H. 42,n.10 Khol, A. 5,n.5, 170,n.22 Krotoschin, E. 86, 94,n.16,n.22

Landy, E. 14,n.2, 17, 32,n.3,n.4, 169,n.6 Lardy, P. 41,n.2, 42,n.10, 43,n.13, 47,

52,n.17,n.21,n.22,n.23,n.26, 53,n.31,n.32, 67, 69, 75,n.52,n.59, 122, 134,n.30,n.33, 169,n.5

Lozada, S. 51,n.13, 76,n.67, 95,n.29, 133, n.16, 134,n.18

Mahaim, E. 14,n.2, 15,n.17, 16,n.22 Ma1inverni, G. 42,n.5, 53,n.31, 68, 75,

n.54,n.57, 134,n.34, 135,n.36 McDougal, M. 64, 166-167, 170,n.26 McLaughlin, C. 74,n.40 McMahon, J. 14,n.2, 15,n.lO,n.13, 94,n.27 McNair L. 6, 12, 14,n.1, 15,n.17, 16,n.27,

41,n.2, 41,n.4,n.9 Morellet, 1. 14,n.2, 30, 33,n.39, 52,n.l7,

n.24, 84, 94,n.19, 115,n.37

O'Connell, D. 12, 16,n.27, 42,n.10 Offedu, M. 53,n.35

185

Paez Stille, E. 50,n.l, 52,n.15, 70, 76,n.68, I 34,n.20

Panhuys, J. Van 52,n.26,n.28, 65, 66, 67, 74,n.4l,n.44, 123, 135,n.38

Parry, C. II, 15,n.19 Partan, D. 119, 133,n.l2 Peaslee, A. 51,n.2, 52,n.18,n.27, 53,n.33 Perez, B. 86, 87, 94,n.22,n.24 Pescatore, P. 159, 167, 170,n.12,n.27 Plata-Castilla, A. 27, 33,n.27 Potter, P. II9, 132,n.l, 133,n.II Preuss, L. 43,n.l5, 51,n.8, 53,n.35,n.36

Ramirez Gronda, J. 86, 90, 93,n.12, 94, n.22,n.23, 98

Reiff, H. 51,n.ll, 56, 64, 71,n.8, 72,n.IO, 74,n.37, 160, 170,n.14

Ress, G. 134,n.26 Reuter, P. 4,n.l, 12, 15,n.14, 16,n.27 Rice, W. 53,n.31 Riesenfeld, S. 42,n.3, 43,n.l8, 58, 72,n.lO

n.l7, 73,n.18 Robertson, A. 5,n.5 Roling, B. 75,n.51 Rosenn, K. 51,n.7, 134,n.22 Rousseau, C. 12, 16,n.27 Ruiz Moreno, H. 86, 87, 94,n.22, 95,n.28 Russotto, J. 72,n.1O

Scelle, G. II, 14,n.2, 15,n.14,n.18, 16,0.20, 42,0.10, 151

Schachter, O. 56, 58, 63, 71,n.5, 72,n.IO, n.l5,n.l7, 73,n.22, 74,n.36

Schluter, B. 72,n.lO, 73,0.28 Schou, A. 16,0.24 Schwebel, S. 4,0.4, 42,n.5 Secretan, J. 53,0.31,0.32 Sereoi, A. 53,n.35 Shotwell, J. 14,0.3

186

Sohn, L. 4,n.4, 73,n.31, II 9, 133,n.l2 Solomon, J. 72,n.lO Sorensen, M. 15,n.19 Stein, E. 72,n.l 0, 170,n.9 Steiner, H. 61, 72,n.14, 73,n.29, 74,n.33,

ll5,n.32 Stotter, C. 72,n.lO, 73,n.25, 132,n.2

Tena Ramirez, F. 52,n.15 Triepel, H. 38, 42,n. lO,n. 12, 151

Unsain, A. 86, 94,n.21

Vagts, D. 61, 72,n.14, 73,n.29, 74,n.33, ll5,n.32

Valdes Villareal, M. 50,n.I,52,n.l5,n.16 Valticos, N. 4,n.3, 14,n.2, 15,n.16, 16,n.26,

30, 32,n.3,n.7, 33,n.38, 34,n.4l, 48, 51, n.14, 52,n.25, 69, 75,n.61,n.62, 94,n.26, 96,101,106, I13,n.2, 114,n.17, ll5,n.38, n.45, 122, 129, 134,n.25,n.28, 135,n.51, 136,n.54, 148,n.1O

Veegens, D. 74,n.43 Vining, G. 170,n.9 Virally, M. 42,n.lO Visscher, P. De 40, 41,n.2, 43,n. 13,n.20, 48

Waelbroeck, M. 53,n.31, 73,n.lO Weissbrodt, D. 74,n.33 Whiteman, M. 51,n.8,n.IO, 72,n.9,n.lO,

74,n.35 Wildhaber, L. 39, 43,n.17, 46, 51,n.ll,

53,n.31, 68, 69, 72,n.lO, 75,n.53,n.58, 135,n.36

Winter, J. 43,n.14 Wright, Q. 56,61, 71,n.4,n.9, 72,n.lO, 73,

n.28, 158-159, 170,n.lO,n.l1

Yemin, E. 15,n.13

Index

Argentina automatic incorporation, 3, 29, 44-47,

151, 158 constitution, 29, 44-47, 83, 86, 119 court decisions, 22, 77, 82-88, 91, 104,

105,119,141,156 ILO conventions and, 13,82-88, 105 rank of treaties and national norms, 45,

117, 119, 120 self-executing treaty provisions, 70, 82-88, 98, 104, 105

Austria, 36, 69 Auto-aplicativa (self-executing), 102, 103 Automatic Incorporation (See under specific

countries) 2-4 comparison with legislative incorporation,

154-161 elements of, 35-43 ILO supervisory system and problems of,

17-34 system of in selected states, 44-53

Bricker Amendment, 62

Colombia, 26, 27, 155 Commission of Inquiry, 18, 130-132 Committee of Experts on the Application of

Conventions and Recommendations, 19, 20,21-26,28, 31, 54, 96-106, 108-112, 124,126,127,130,137,139-148,153,155

Commonwealth Countries, 2, 152 Conference Committee on the Application of

Conventions and Recommendations, 19, 20,21,22,24-29,98,99, 101, 102, 106, 110-112,129,130,139,141,144,153,166

Direct application of treaty provisions (see Self-executing treaty provisions)

Diven Memorandum, 74,n.35

Douglas, J., 78-80 Dualist concept, 37, 38,40,45,49, 151, 164-

166

European Court of Justice, 70 European Economic Community, 41,n.3,

43,n.14, 69, 121, 122, 163

France automatic incorporation, 3,29,30,47,48,

151, 156, 165, 166 constitution, 47, 48, 49, 118, 120, 165 court decisions, 15,n.3, 22, 77, 88-92,

105-107,121,122,129,139,140-142,156 ILO conventions and, 13, 15,n.3, 88-92,

105-107, 147, 157 judicial review, 47, 121 relative rank of treaties and national norms, 47, 48,117,118,120-122,129

self-executing treaty provisions, 68, 69, 89-92, 105-107

Germany, Federal Republic of Basic Law, 152 quasi-automatic incorporation (global transformation), 36-38, 151

Gibson, J., 57, 59 Global Transformation (see Quasi-automatic

incorporation) Goodwin, J., 60 Greece, 25 Guatemala

automatic incorporation, 28, 29, 103, 104 constitution, 28, 104 ILO conventions and, 103, 104, 129, 130,

144, 145 non-self-executing treaty provisions, 28 relative rank of treaties and national norms, 129, 130

187

Hierarchy of treaty provisions and national law (see Relative rank of treaty provisions and national law)

Human rights treaties, 3, 151, 161, 162

ILO supervisory system (see also Committee of Experts and Conference Committee on Application of Conventions and Recom­mendations) 17~34, 96~115, 152~153

International Court of Justice, 9 International Labour Conference, 8, II, 18,

19, 26, 84 International labour conventions (for refer­

ence to specific conventions see Index of Treaties and Conventions), 6~7, 13~16 conflict with national norms, 124~136 drafting of, 6 incorporation in national law, 2~4, 17~34, 77~115, l24~149

conclusions concerning, 152~ 160 interpretation of, 9, 100, 101 non-self-executing provisions, 21, 32, 96~98

norms of, 7~9 obligations of ratifying states, 10 practical problems in effective application, 99, 125, l37~149

publicity given, 125, 140, 141, 144~149 ratifications of, 9~ 13 reservations to, 6 self-executing provisions (see under Self-

Executing Treaty Provisions) status as international obligations, 11 ~ 12 subject-matter of, 7 supervisory system (see also Committee of

Experts and Conference Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recom­mendations) 2, 4, 10 automatic incorporation and, 17~34 self-executing nature of provisions and, 96~115

International Labour Organization, 8, 10, 79 complaints and representation proce-dures, 18

constitution, 9~12, 18,20,22,85,99 Director-General, 18, 19 founding, 7 Governing Body, 9, 18, 19, 21, 22 legislative powers of, II, 12 Office, International Labour, 9, 18, 19, 78,

79, 85, 98~101, 125, 155 Secretariat, 19, 21

188

International labour recommendations, 12, 16,n.25

International law /nationallaw relationship, 1~4, 150~152

Italy constitution, 49, 152 court decisions, 69, 70, 125~127, 140 dualist system, 36, 38, 49 ILO conventions and. 108, 109, 125~127, 140, 141

"order of execution" of treaties, 49, 69, 120

quasi-automatic incorporation of treaties, 36,38,49

relative rank of treaties and national norms, 117, 120, 125~ 127

self-executing treaty provisions, 69, 70, 108, 109

Judicial review, 47, 119, 120, 123

Labour conventions (see International labour conventions)

Labour standards (see International labour conventions)

"Later-in-time" doctrine (see Lex posterior derogat priOri)

Legislative incorporation (statutory trans­formation), 2, 36, 37, 151, 154~161

Lex posterior derogat priori (later-in-time doctrine), 40, 119, 120, 125

Lex specialis, 117 Liberia

Commission of Inquiry (lLO Forced Labour convention No. 29), 130~132

Foreign Relations Law, 131 ILO conventions and, 130~132, 145~146 relative rank of ILO conventions and national norms, 130~ 132

Lithuania, 25

Maintenance and cure, 78 Marshall, C. J., 55, 56 McDougal (Myres) Approach, 166~167 Mexico

automatic incorporation, 3, 25, 26, 44~47, 151

constitution, 25, 44~47, 101~103, 120, 124 ILO conventions and, 13, 97, 101~105,

143, 144, 146, 147 relative rank of treaties and national norms, 45, 117, 120, 124, 128

self-executing treaty provisions, 70, 97, 101-105

Monist concept, 30, 37, 38, 40, 45, 151, 164-166

Netherlands automatic incorporation, 3, 29, 30,47,48,

156 constitution, 40, 48, 49, 65, 123, 143, 152 ILO conventions and, 13, 108, 109, 142 relative rank of treaties and national norms, 40, 48, 117, 123

self-executing treaty provisions, 49, 65-67, 108, 109, 123

"Order of execution" (see under Italy)

Practical Problems in Application of ILO Conventions, 137-149, 168, 169

Permanent Court of International Justice, 16,n.23, 22, 150

Political Questions, 61, 67

Quasi-sutomatic incorporation (Global transformation), 37, 49, 50

Reciprocity, 17 Relative rank or hierarchy of treaties in

national law (see also under specific countries) 40, 116-136

ILO conventions and conflicting national norms, 124-136

reconciling conflicting treaties and laws, 116-117

Scandinavian countries, 2 Self-executing treaty provisions (see also

under specific countries), 38-40 concept of, 54-76 confusion concerning, 63-65 court decisions and, (see under specific countries)

criteria for determination, 39, 57-63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 83, 84-87, 91, 92, 100, 105-111, 167, 168

definition of, 39, 56 doctrine of in U.S. law, 55-62 ILO conventions and, (see under Inter­national labour conventions; also under specific countries)

ILO supervision and, 96-115 international law meaning, 98, 99

national courts and self-executing nature of ILO conventions, 77-95

non-self-executing provisions, 4, 96-98 origin of concept (doctrine), 55-56

Separation ofpo~ers, 47, 67,116,117,121, 164

Spain, 25 Status of treaties in national law, 35-38 Statutory transformation (see Legislative

incorporation) Stone, C. J., 80 Supremacy clause, 3, 44, 46 Switzerland

automatic incorporation, 3, 29, 30, 49, 156, 159

constitution, 49 court decisions, 68, 122, 123 ILO conventions and, 13, 103, 106, 107,

157 relative rank of treaties and national norms, 117, 118, 122, 123, 127

self-executing treaty provisions, 68, 103, 106, 107

Treaties (See International labour conven­tions; also Self-executing treaty provisions; also under specific countries) automatic incorporation of, 35-43,44-53 direct application of, (see Self-executing provisions oj)

improving national application of, 163-169

individuals and, 39, 54, 77 legislative incorporation, (see this head­ing)

relative rank of treaties and national norms, 40

self-executing provisions of, (see under specific countries; also this heading; also under International labour conventions)

status in municipal law, 35-37

United Kingdom, 2, 3, 37, 39, 152, 160 United States

Articles of Confederation, 45, 46 automatic incorporation, 2, 3, 44-47, 151,

165, 166 constitution, 44-47, 55, 59, 60, 62, 159,

160, 165 court decisions, 22, 46, 55, 56, 57,

59-61, 77-82, 98-100, 119, 141 ILO conventions and, 13,77-82

189

political questions, 61 proclamation of treaties, 46 relative rank of treaties and national norms, 45, 117, 118, 119

190

self-executing treaty provIsions, 26, 39, 54-65, 66, 69, 78-82

Venezuela, 147 Vereinbarungen, 16,n.27

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Virginia A. Leary is at present Professor of Law at the State University of New York at Buffalo, U.S.A. Prior to this Professor Leary was with the International Labour Standards Department of the International Labour Office in Geneva.

Professor Leary has contributed to a number of other books; among these are: "U.N. Law - Fundamental Rights," edited by A. Cassese, (Sijthoff & NoordhoffInternational Publishers, 1979), and "International Human Rights Law and Practice," (American Bar Association, 1978).

191