20
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. PRIMARY SOURCES
a. UNITED NATIONS REPORTS UN/S/1994/360 30 March 1994, Second Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the
United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/470 20 April 1994, Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nation Assistance Mission for Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/565 13 May 1994, Report ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/640 31 May 1994, Report ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/715 16 June 1994, Report of the Secretary-General on Uganda-Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/728 19 June 1994, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/879 26 July 1994, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/924 1 August 1994, Report ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/1125 4 October 1994, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/1133 6 October 1994, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1994/1308 18 November 1994, Report ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1995/65 25 January 1995, Iteport ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1995/107 6 February 1995, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1995/134 13 February1995, Report of the Secretary-General on International Tribunal (Rwanda).
UN/S/1995/107/Add.l 16 February 1995, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1995/297 10 April 1995, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1995/304 14 April 1995, Report ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/11995/457 4 June 1995, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/11995/533 30 June 1995, Second Report ofthe Secretary-General on International Tribunal (Rwanda).
UN/S/11995/552 9 July 1995, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/11995/678 8 August 1995, Report of the Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/119951741 25 August 1995, Third Report of the Secretary-General on International Tribunal (Rwanda).
UN/S/11995/848 7 Oct~ber 1995, Progress Report ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S//1995/1002 1 December 1995, Report ofthe Secretary-General on Rwanda.
UN/S/1996/116 15 February 1996, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Burundi.
UN/S/1996/149 29 February 1996, Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda.
UN/S/1996/149 29 February 1996, Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda.
UN/S/1996/335 3 May 1996, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Bunmdi.
UN/S/1996/660 15 August 1996, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Burundi.
287
UN/S/1996/887 29 October 1996, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Burundi.
UN/S/1996/887/Corr.l I November 1996, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Burundi: Corrigendum.
UN/S/1996/887/ Add. I 2 November 1996, Report of the Secretary-Genera/ on the Situation in Burundi.
UN/S/1997/547 15 July 1997, Report ofthe Secretary-General on the Situation in Burundi.
UN/S/1998/883 22 September 1998, Report of the Secretary-Genera/ on Protection for Humanitarian Assistance to RefUgees and Others in Conflict Situations.
UN/S/1998/857 23 September 1998, Report of the Secretary-Genera/ on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
UN/S/1998/857 23 September 1998, Report of the Secretary-Genera/ on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
UN/S/2001/1076 14 November 2001, Interim Report of the Secretary-Genera/ to the Security Council on the Situation in Burundi.
UN/S/2002/1259 18 November 2002, Report ofthe Secretary-Genera/ to the Security Council on the situation in Burundi.
b. UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS UN Security Council Resolution 893 (1994) on Deployment ofthe UN Assistance Mission for
Rwanda and Implementation of the Arusha Peace Agreement
UN Security Council Resolution 909 (1994) on Extension of the Mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda and Implementation of the Arusha Peace Agreement
UN Security Council Resolution 912 (1994) on Adjustment of the Mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda Due to the Current Situation in Rwanda and Settlement of the Rwandan Conflict
UN Security Council Resolution 918 (1994) on the Expansion ofthe Mandate ofthe UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda and Imposition of an Arms Embargo on Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 925 (1994) on Extension ofthe Mandate and Deployment of the 2 Additional Battalions of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda and Settlement of the Conflict in Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 928 (1994) on Extension ofthe Mandate ofthe UN Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 929 (1994) on Establishment of a Temporary Multinational Operation for Humanitarian Purposes in Rwanda Until the Deployment of the Expanded UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 935 (1994) Requesting the Secretary-General to Establish a Commission of Experts to Examine Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in Rwanda
UN Security Council Reso[ution 965 (1994) on Extension and Expansion ofthe Mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 977 (1995) on the Decision to Designate Arusha as the Seat ofthe International Tribunal for Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 978 (1 995) on Arrest and Detention of Persons Responsible for Acts Within the Jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
288
UN Security Council Resolution 989 (1995) on Establishment ofthe List of Candidates Nominated for Judges of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 997 (1995) on Extension and Adjustment ofthe Mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda and Reconciliation and Rehabilitation Process in Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 1011 (1995) on Lifting ofRestrictions Imposed by Paragraph 13 of Resolution 918 (1994) on the Sale or Supply of Arms and Materiel to the Government of Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 1012 (1 995) on Establishment of an International Commission of Inquiry in Burundi
UN Security Council Resolution 1013 (1995) on Establishment ofthe International Commission of Inquiry for the Investigation of Arms Flows to former Rwandan Government forces in the Great Lakes Region
UN Security Council Resolution 1028 (1995) on Extension of the Mandate ofthe UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 1029 (1995) on Extension and Adjustment of the Mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda to Assist the Voluntary and Safe Repatriation of Rwandan Refugees
UN Security Council Resolution 1040 (1996) on Deterioration in the Situation and Efforts to Facilitate a Compr~hensive Political Dialogue in Burundi
UN Security Council Resolution 1047 (1996) on Appointment of Prosecutor ofthe International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory ofthe former Yugoslavia Since 1991 and the International Tribunal for Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 1049 (1996) on the Situation in Burundi
UN Security Council Resolution 1050 (1996) on Arrangements for Withdrawal of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda and Maintaining of the UN office in Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 1053 (1996) on Investigations By the Commission of Inquiry Established By Security Council Resolution 1013 (1995) ofthe Violations ofthe Arms Embargo Against former Rwandan Government forces
UN Security Council Resolution 1072 (1996) on Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Crisis in Burundi
UN Security Council Resolution 1078 (1996) on the Situation in the Great Lakes Region
UN Security Council Resolution 1080 (1996) on the Situation in the Great Lakes Region
UN Security Council Resolution 1161 (1998) on the Situation Concerning Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 1200 (1998) on the International Tribunal for Rwanda
UN &curity Council Resolution 1241 (1999) International Tribunal for Rwanda
UN Security Council Resolution 1259 (1999) on the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda- Appointment of the Prosecutor
UN General Assembly Resolution 49 (206) on the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda UN General Assembly Resolution 'so. (200) on the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda UN General Assembly Resolution 51 (1 14) on the Situation of Human Rights in Rwanda UN General Assembly Resolution 50 (159) oil the Situation in Burundi
289
c. OTHER DOCUMENTS Action Programme for the Development of Rwanda, 2001-2010 (Geneva: United Nations,
2001).
Avant-projet de Constitution de Ia Republique Rwandaise: Document 3 du Rapport de Ia Commission Nationale de Synthese (Kigali: Commission Nationale de Sythese, 1991).
Basic Documents and Case Law, 1995-2000 (Arusha: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 2001).
Cooperation au Developpement Rwanda: Rapport 1991 (Kigali: United Nations Development Programme, 1993).
Environmentally-induced Population Displacements and Environmental Impacts Resulting from Mass Migrations (Geneva: UNHCR, 1996).
Ethnic Violence, Conflict Resolution, and Cultural Puralism: Report of the UNRJSDIUNDP International Seminar on Ethnic Diversity and Public Policies (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1994).
United Nations Convention Status of Refugees 1951
United Nations Protocol on Refugees 1967
OA U Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Addis Ababa: Organization of African Unity, 1969).
Rapport sur Ia Democratisation des Institutions et de la Vie Politique au Burundi (Bujumbra: Commission Constitutionnelle, 1991 ).
Refugee Children: Guidelines on Protection and Care (Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1994).
Report of the Workshop on NGO/government Collaboration in Rwanda: Kigali: Wednesday 22 May 1996 (New Yor~: United Nations and Ministry of Rehabilitation and Social Integration, 1996).
Report on Unaccompanied Minors: Overview of Policies and Practices in IGC Participating States (Geneva: Intergovernmental Consultations, 1997).
Resolving Conflicts in Africa: Proposals for Action (Addis Ababa: OAU Information Services, 1992).
The Recommendations from the Arusha Conference on the African Refugee Problem (Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1981).
The United Nations and Rwanda, 1993-1996 (New York: United Nations, 1996).
Working paper on reception in the region of origin (Geneva: Intergovernmental Consultations, 1994.
B. SECONDARYSOURCES a. BOOKS A Guichoua, Le Probleme des Refugies Rwandais et des Populations Banyarwande dan le
Region des Grands Lacs (Geneva: UNCHR, 1992.)
Adrian Hastings, The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
African Rights, Rwanda, Not so innocent: When Women Become Killers (London: African Rights, 1995).
290
African Rights, Rwanda: Death, Despair and Defiance (London: African Rights, 1994).
African Rights, Rwanda: Who is Killing, Who is Dying, What is to be Done? (London: African Rights, 1994).
Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, Burundi on the Brink, 1993-95: A UN Special Envoy Reflects on Preventive Diplomacy (Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000).
Alain Destexhe, Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century (London: Pluto, 1995).
Alan C. Tidwell, Conflict Resolved? A Critical Assessment of Conflict Resolution (London: Pinter, 1998).
Alison des Forges, "Leave None to Tell the Story": Genocide in Rwanda (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999).
Amnesty International, Burundi: No Respite Without Justice (London: International Secretariat, 1999).
Andre Guichaoua, Les Crises Politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda (1993-1994): Analyses, Faits et Documents (Villeneuve d' Ascq: Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 1995).
Andrew Chalinder and Laura Gibbons, Temporary Human Settlement Planning for Displaced Populations in Emergencies (London: Overseas Development Institute, 1998).
Anis Al-Qasem, Racial Discrimination and RefUgee Law (London: International Organisation for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1984).
Anita Jacobson-Widding (ed.) Idenfity: Personal and Socio-Cultural: A Symposium (Uppsala: University of Uppsala, 1983).
Anke Van de Kwaak & Ivan Wollffer (eds.) Primary Health Care and RefUgees (Austerdam: University Press, 1996).
Ann Bernstein and Myron Weiner (eds.) Migration and RefUgee Policies: An Overview (London: Pinter, 1999).
Anne-Marie Fortier, Migrant Belongings: Memory, Space and Identity (Oxford: Berg, 2000).
Anthony D. Smith (ed.) Ethnicity and Nationalism (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1992).
Anthony D. Smith, Myths and Memories of the Nation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
Anthony D.Smith, The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism (Hanover: University Press of New England, 2000).
Antoine Lema, Africa Divided: The Creation of"Ethnic Groups" (Lund: Lund University Press, 1993).
Aristide R. Zolberg, Astri Suhrke,Sergio Aguayo, Escape from Violence: Conflict and the RefUgee Crisis in the Developing World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).
Arthur Jay Klinghoffer, The International Dimension ofGenocide in Rwanda (New York: New York University Press, 1998).
Ashley J. Tellis,Thomas S. Szayna, James A. Winnefeld, Anticipating Ethnic Conflict (Santa Monica: RAND, 1997).
Ayok Chol Anthony and Shayo Conrad, Final Report on the international Conference on the Management of Planned and Spontaneous RefUgee Settlements in Africa (Dar Es Salaam: University of Dar Es Salaam, 1987) . .,
Barnor Hesse (ed.) Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, Transruptions (London: Zed, 2000).
291
Ben Majekoduruni, Protection in Practice: The Protection of Children's Rights in Situations of Armed Conflict: UNICEF Experiences in Burundi (Florence: Innocenti Research Centre, 2000).
Binaifer Nowrojee, Shattered Lives: Sexual Violence during the Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1996).
Bonny Norton, Identity and Language Learning: Social Processes and Educational Practice (New York: Longman, 2000).
Bruce D. Jones, Peacemaking in Rwanda: The Dynamics of Failure (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001).
Calvin Goldscheider (ed.) Population, Ethnicity, and Nation-Building (Boulder: Westview Press, 1995).
Carol C. Gould and Pasquale Paquino (eds.) Cultural Identity and the Nation-State (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001).
Carole Kismaric, Forced Out: The Agony of the RefUgee in Our Time (London: Penguin, 1989).
Catharine Newbury, The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860-1960 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. ).
Catherine Andre, Jean-Philippe Platteau, Land Tenure Under Unendurable Stress: Rwanda Caught in the Malthusian Trap (Namur: Centre de Recherche en Economie Du Developpement, 1996).
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).
Charles B. Keely, Global RefUgee Policy: The Case for a Development-Oriented Strategy (New York: Population Council, 1981 ).
Childrens Legal Centre, Children or RefUgees? A Survey of West European Policies on Unaccompanied RefUgee Children (London: Children's Legal Centre, 1992).
Christian Jennings, Across the Red River: Rwanda, Burundi and the Heart of Darkness (London: Victor Gollancz, 2000).
Christian P. Scherrer, Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa: Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and Regional War (Westport: Praeger, 2002).
Christopher C.Taylor, Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 (Oxford: Berg, 1999). . . .
CIMADI, Africa's Rufogee Crisis: What's to be Done? (London: Zed, 1986).
Civi /ian and Military Means of Providing and Suppo_rting Humanitarian Assistance during Conflict: A Comparative Analysis (Paris: OECD, 1998).
Colette Braeckman, Terreurs Africaines: Burundi,Rwanda,Zarre: Les Racines de La Violence (Paris: Fayard, 1996).
Crawford Young, Etlmic Diversity and Public Policy: An Overview (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1994).
D R Smock (ed.) Making War and Waging Peace: Foreign Intervention in Africa (Washington: US Institute of Peace Press, 1993).
Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Pandaemonium: Ethnicity in International Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
Daniele Joly, Clive Nettleton, Hugh Poulton, RefUgees: Asylum in Europe? (London: Minority Rights Publications, 1992).
292
David Ambrosetti, La France au Rwanda: Un Discours de Legitimation Morale (Paris: Karthala, 2001).
David Bennett, Multicultural States: Rethinking Difference and Identity (London: Routledge, 1999).
David Cortright (ed.) The Price of Peace: Incentives and International Conflict Prevention (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997).
David Keen, Refugees: Rationing the Right to Life, the Crisis in Emergency Relief(London: Zed Books, 1992).
David M. Last, Theory, Doctrine and Practice of Conflict De-escalation in Peacekeeping Operations (Clementsport: Canadian Peacekeeping Press, 1997).
David Rich (ed.) The Anthropology ofViolence (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986).
David Turton (ed.) War and Ethnicity: Global Connections and Local Violence (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1997).
David Waller, Rwanda: Which Way Now? (Oxford: Oxfam, 1993).
Denis Dwyer & David Drakakis-Smith (eds.) Ethnicity and Development: Geographical Perspectives (Chichester: John Wiley, 1996).
Didier Goyvaerts (ed.) Conflict and Ethnicity in Central Africa (Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Affairs, 2000).
Dixon Kamukama, Rwandan Conflict: Its Roots and Regional Implications (Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 1993).
Donald G. Baker, Race, Ethnicity, and Power: A Comparative Study (London: Routledge, 1983).
Doreen Indra, Engendering Forced Migration: Theory and Practice (New York: Berghahn Books, 1999).
E. Ike Udogu (ed.) The Issue of Political Ethnicity in Africa (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000).
Edouard Kabagema, Carnage d'une Nation: Genocide et Massacres au Rwanda 1994 (Paris: Hannattan, 2002).
Edward Mortimer, Robert Fine (eds.) People, Nation and State: The Meaning of Ethnicity and Nationalism (London: I.B. Tauris, 1999).
Edwin N. Wilmsen and Patrick Mcallister (eds.) The Politics of Difference: Ethnic Premises in a World of Power (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
Eghosa E. Osaghae, Ethnicity and its Management in Africa: The Democratization Link (Lagos: Malthouse Press, 1994).
Einar Braathen, Morten Breas and Gjennund Saether (eds.) Ethnicity Kills? The Politics of War, Peace and Ethnicity in Sub-Saharan Africa (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000).
Elizabeth Neuffer, The Key to My Neighbour's House: Seeking Justice in Bosnia and Rwanda (London: Picador, 2001).
Elizabeth Tonkin, Malcolm Chapman and Maryon Mcdonald.(eds.) History and Ethnicity (London: Routledge, 1989).
Ellen K. Eggers, Historical Dictionary of Burundi (Lanham: Scarecrow Press, 1997).
Eugeen E. Roosens, Creating Ethnicity: The Process of Ethnogenesis (London: Sage Publications, 1989).
Feliks Gross, Citizenship and Ethnicity: The Growth and Development of a Democratic Multiethnic Institution (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999).
293
Feliks Gross, Ethnics in a Borderland: An Inquiry into the Nature of Ethnicity and Reduction of Ethnic Tensions in a One-Time Genocide Area (Westport: Greenwood Press, 197'8).
Feliks Gross, The Civic and the Tribal State: The State, Ethnicity, and the Multiethnic State (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1998).
Filip Reyntjens, Burundi: Breaking the Cycle of Violence (London: Minority Rights Group, 1995).
Filip Reyntjens, Burundi: Prospects for Peace (London: Minority Rights Group, 2000).
Filip Reyntjens, L'Afrique des Grands Lacs en Crise: Rwanda, Burundi, 1988-1994 (Paris: Karthala, 1994).
Filip Reyntjens, Talking or Fighting? Political Evolution in Rwanda and Burundi, 1998-1999 (Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1999).
Fiona Terry, Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002).
Frances D'Souza, The RefUgee Dilemma: International Recognition and Acceptance (London: Minority Rights Group, 1980).
Frances Nicholson and Patrick Twomey (eds.) RefUgee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
Franyois-Xavier Verschave, Complicite de Genocide?: La Politique de Ia France au Rwanda (Paris: Editions La Decouv,erte, 1994).
Frederick L. Ahearn, Jr and Jean L. Athey (eds.) RefUgee Children: Theory, Research, and Services (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991 ).
Fredrik Barth (ed.) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference (Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1969).
G Kilread, Reflection on the African RefUgee Problem: A Critical Analysis of Samebaric Assumption (Uppsala: Nordiska Africainstitute, 1983).
Gary Goertz, Paul Diehl, Territorial Changes and International Conflict (London, Routledge, 1992).
George Steinmetz (ed.) State/Culture: State-Formation After the Cultural Turn (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).
Gerard Prunier, Rwanda in Zaire: From Genocide to Continental War· (London: C. Hurst, 1999).
Gerard Prunier, ·The Rwanda Crisis, 1959-1994: History of a Genocide (London: Hurst and Company, 1995).
Gil Loescher, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global RefUgee Crisis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
Gil Loescher, RefUgee Movements and International Security (London: Brassey's, 1992).
Gilles Carbonnier, Conflict, Postwar Rebuilding and the Economy: A Critical Review of the Literature (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1998).
Gillian Bottomley, From Another Place: Migration and the Politics of Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
Glynne Evans, Responding to Crises in the African Great Lakes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
294
Gunnar M.Sorbo, Peter C J Vale (eds.) Out of Conflict: From War to Peace in Africa (Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1997).
Guy S.Goodwin-Gill, The Refugee in International Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996).
Guy Vassall-Adams, Rwanda: An Agenda for International Action (Oxford: Oxfam Publications, 1994).
Hakan Wiberg, Christian P. Scherrer (eds.) Ethnicity and Intra-State Conflict (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999).
Hanne Christensen, Refugees and Pioneers: History and Field Study of a Burundian Settlement in Tanzania (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1985).
Hans Vermeulen and Cora Govers (eds.) The Anthropology of Ethnicity: Beyond "Ethnic Groups and Boundaries" (Amsterdam: Spinhuis, 1994).
Harry Goulbourne (ed.) Race and Ethnicity (London: Routledge, 2001).
Harvey J.Langholtz (ed.) The Psychology of Peacekeeping (Westport: Praeger, 1998).
Hastings Donnan and Thomas M. Wilson, Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation and State (Oxford: Berg, 1999).
Helen Chaniley, Maggie Brown & Celia Petty (eds.) Children Separated by War: Family Tracing and Reunification (London: Save the Children, 1995).
Hc~lene Grandvoinnet and Hartrnut Schneider (eds.) Conflict Management in Africa: A Permanent Challenge (Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 1998).
Henry Dietz, Jerrold Elkin, and Maurice Roumani (eds.) Ethnicity, Integration, and the Military (Boulder: Westview Press, 1991).
Howard Adelman & Astri Suhrke (eds.) The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1999).
Howard Adelman, Astri Suhrke, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience Study 2, Early Warning and Conflict Management (London: Overseas Development Institute, 1996).
Human Rights Watch Arms Project, Arming Rwanda: The Arms Trade and Human Rights Abuses in the Rwandan War (New York: Human Rights Watch Arms Project, 1994).
I. William Zartman (ed.) Traditional Cures for Modern Conflicts: African Conflict "Medicine" (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000).
Inger Agger ; Translated by Mary Bille, The Blue Room: Trauma and Testimony Among Refugee Women: A Psychosocial Exploration (London: Zed Books, 1994).
It Doesn't Take Much to Become a Refugee: Your Race·or Beliefs can be Enough (Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1981 ).
lvaylo Grouev (eds.)BuJlets on the Water: Refugee Stories (Montreal: Carleton University Press by Megill-Queen's University Press, 2000).
J. Milton Yinger, Ethnicity: Source of Strength? Source ofConjlict? (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994).
Jaap Doek, Hans Van Loon, Paul Ylaardingerbroek, Children on the Move: How to Implement Their Right to Family Life (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1996).
Jack David Eller, From Culture to Ethnicity to Conflict: An Anthropological Perspective on International Ethnic Conflict (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998).
295
James G. Kellas, The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998).
James K. Gasana, Rwanda: Du Parti-Etat A L'etat-Garnison (Paris: Harmattan, 2002).
James L. Carlin, The Refugee Connection: A Lifetime of Running a Lifeline (London: Macmillan, 1990).
James R. Dow (ed.) Language and Ethnicity (Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co, 1991).
Jan Williamson and Audrey Moser, Unaccompanied Children in Emergencies: A Field Guide for Their Care and Protection (Geneva: International Social Services, 1987).
Jane Hughes and Fabrice Liebaut. (eds.) Detention of Asylum Seekers in Europe: Analysis and Perspectives (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1998).
Jayne 0. Ifekwunigwe, Scattered Be-Longings: Cultural Paradoxes of Race, Nation and Gender (London: Routledge, 1999).
Jean Damascene Bizimana, L 'Eglise et le Genocide au Rwanda: Les Peres Blancs et le Negationnisme (Paris: Harmattan, 2001).
Jeff Haynes, Religion, Fundamentalism and Ethnicity: A Global Perspective (Geneva: UN Research Institute for Social Development, 1995).
Jennifer Hyndman, Managing Displacement: Refugees and the Politics of Humanitarianism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000).
Jerome Lewis and Judy Knight, Thf! Twa of Rwanda: Assessment of the Situation of the Twa and Promotion ofTwa Rights in Post-War Rwanda (Chadlington: World Rainforest Movement, 1995).
Jim Whitman and David Pocock (eds.) After Rwanda: The Coordination of United Nations Humanitarian Assistance (London: Macmillan Press, 1996).
Johan Galtung, Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization (London: Sage Publication, 1996).
John Armstrong, Nations Before Nationalism (Chapel Hill: University ofNorth Carolina, 1982).
John Borton, Emery Brusset and Alistair Hallam, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience. Study 3, Humanitarian Aid and Effects (Copenhagen:· Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, 1996).
John Burton, Conflict:Resolution and Ptovention (New York: St. Martin Press, 1990).
John Eriksson, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience. Synthesis Report (Copenhagen: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, 1996).
John F. Stack, Jr. (ed.) Ethnic Identities in a Transnational World (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1981 ).
John F. Stack, Jr. (ed.) The Primordial Challenge: Ethnicity in the Contemporary World (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1986).
John Galtunge, Peace Research: Peace Research, Vol. I. (Copenhagen: Christian Ejlors, 1975).
John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith (eds.) Ethnicity (Oxford: University Press, 1996).
John Mcgarry, Brendan O'Leary, The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation: Case Studies of Protracted Ethnic Conflicts (London: Routledge, 1993).
296
John Solomos, Theorising the Other: Race, Ethnicity and Social Theory (London: Routledge, 2001).
Johnathan Bascom, Losing Place: RefUgee Populations and Rural Transformations in East Africa (New York: Berghahn Books, 1998).
Jon Butler, The Huguenots in America: A RefUgee People in New World Society (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983).
Joshua A. Fishman, The Rise and Fall of the Ethnic Revival: Perspectives on Language and Ethnicity (Berlin: Mouton, 1986).
Judith D. Toland (eel.) Ethnicity and the State (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1993).
Julian Davies, Displaced Peoples and RefUgee Studies: A Resource Guide (London: Hans Zell, 1990).
Katsuyoshi Fukui and John Markakis (eels.) Ethnicity and Conflict in the Horn of Africa (London: James Currey, 1993).
Kenneth Ingham, Politics in Modern Africa: the Uneven Tribal Dimension (London: Routledge, 1990).
Killing Me Slowly: RefUgees and Torture (London: Refugee Council, 1996).
Klaus Riechel, Noureddine Krichene and Abdikarim Farah, Burundi: Recent Economic Developments (Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1997).
Krishna Kumar, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience. Study 4, Rebuilding Post-War Rwanda (Copenhagen: Steering Committee ofthe Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, 1996).
Kumar Rupesinghe and Sanam M Anderlini, Civil Wars, Civil Peace: An Introduction to Conflict Resolution (Chicago: Pluto Press, 1998).
Kumar Rupesinghe and Valery A. Tishkov (eels.) Ethnicity and Power in the Contemporary World (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 1996).
Kumar Rupesinghe, Conflict Transformation in the Book Kumar Rupesinghe,(ed.) Conflict Transformation (Houndsmill, St. Martin's Press, 1995).
L. F. Richardson, Statistics of Deadly Quarrels (Pittsburgh: Boxwood, 1960).
Larry Minear and Philippe Guillot, Soldiers to the Rescue: Humanitarian Lessons from Rwanda (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 1996).
Leo A. Despres (ed.) Ethnicity and Resource Competition in Plural Societies (The Hague: Mouton, 1975).
Liisa H. Malkki, Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology Among Hutu RefUgee$ in Tanzania (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).
Lina Payne, Rebuilding Communities in a RefUgee Settlement: A Casebook from Uganda (Oxford: Oxfam, 1998).
Linda A. Camino and Ruth M. Krulfeld (eels.) Reconstructing Lives, Recapturing Meaning: RefUgee Identity, Gender and Culture Change (Basel: Gordon & Breach, 1994).
Linda Melvern, A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide (London: Zed Books, 2000).
Liz Fawcett, Religion, Ethnicity. and Social Change (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000).
Lori Handrahan, Gendering Ethnicity (New York: Routledge, 2002).
297
Louis Kriesberg, Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998).
Louise Arbour (ed.) The Prosecutor of a Permanent International Criminal Court (Freiburg: Max-Planck-lnstitut, 2000).
Louise de La Gorgendiere, Kenneth King, Sarah Vaughan (eds.) Ethnicity in Africa: Roots, Meanings and Implications (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, 1996).
Lynellyn Long, Ban Vinai, The Refugee Camp (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).
M A Renu, African Refugees: An Overview (Delhi, Khanna, 1993).
Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).
Manning Nash, The Cauldron of Ethnicity in the Modern World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989). ·
Maquet Jaques, The Premise of Inequality in Rwanda (London: Oxford University Press, 1961).
Marc Sommers, Fear in Bongo/and: Burundi Refugees in Urban Tanzania (New York: Berghahn Books, 2001).
Marc Vincent and Birgitte Refslund Sorensen (eds.) Caught Between Borders: Response ··· Strategies of the Internally Displaced (London: Pluto Press, 2001).
Marcus Banks, Ethnicity: Anthropological Constructions (London: Routledge, 1996).
Markus Feller, Rights of the Child in Burundi: Report Concerning the Implementation of the Convention on the Rights ofthe Child by the Republic of Burundi (Geneva: OMCT, 2000).
Maryse Bray, Aline Cook and Samaantha Neath (eds.) Rwanda: Perspectives (London: University ofWestminster, 1997).
Medecins Sans Frontieres, Refugee Health: An Approach to Emergency Situations (London: Macmillan, 1997).
Melchior Mbonimpa, Hutu, Tutsi, Twa: Pour Une Societe Sans Castes au Burundi (Paris: Hannattan, 1993).
Michael A. Burayidi, Multiculturalism in a Cross-National Perspective (Lanham: University Press of America, 1997).
Michael Barnett, l!..yewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002).
Michael M. Cernea, The Risks and Reconstruction Mode/for Resettling Displaced Populations (Washington: World Bank, 1997).
Michael Walzer,.The Politics of Ethnicity (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982).
Michael Wesley, Casua/tie~ of the New World Order: The Causes of Failure of UN Missions to Civil Wars (Houndmills: Macmillan, 1997).
Mike Bisi and Christiane Sigaloff, Report on Asylum Procedures: Overview of Policies and Practices in JGC Participating States (Geneva: Intergovernmental Consultations, 1997).
Milbert Shin, Uncertain Refuge: International Failures to Protect Refugees (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1998).
298
Milica Z. Bookman, Ethnic Groups in Motion: Economic Competition and Migration in Multiethnic States (London: Frank Cass, 2002).
Mohamed Salih and John Markakis (eds.) Ethnicity and the State in Eastern Africa (Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute, 1998).
Montserrat Guibernau and John Rex (eds.) The Ethnicity Reader: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Migration (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997).
Morna Daniels, Burundi (Oxford: Clio Press, 1992).
Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan (eds.) Ethnicity: Theory and Experience (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975).
Nathan Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas 1964-1982 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983).
Nick Killick, The Cost ofConflict (London: Saferworld, 1998).
Nickic Charles and Helen Hintjens (eds.) Gender, Ethnicity, and Political Ideologies (London: Routledge, 1998).
Nigel Cantwell, Starting from Zero: The Promotion and Protection of Children's Rights in Post-Genocide Rwanda, July 1994-December 1996 (Florence: UNICEF International Child Development Centre, 1997).
Niklaus Steiner, Arguing about Asylum: The Complexity of Refogee Debates in Europe (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000).
Obi lgwara (ed.) Ethnic Hatred: Genocide in Rwanda (London: ASEN Publications, 1995).
Orner Bartov, Mirrors of Destruction: War, Genocide, and Modern Identity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). ·
Paris Yeros (ed.) Ethnicity and Nationalism in Africa (London: Macmillan, 1999).
Patrick J O'Halloran, Humanitarian Intervention and the Genocide in Rwanda (London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1995).
Paul Brass, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison (New Delhi, Sage Publication, 1991).
Paul J. Magnarella, Justice in Africa: Rwanda's Genocide, its Courts, and the UN Criminal Tribunal (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000).
Pete.r Uvin, Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda (West Hartford: '._,~~marian Press, 1998).
' . Peter Uvin, Beyelopment, Aid and Conflict: Reflections from the Case of Rwanda (Helsinki:
UNU World I_nstitute for Development Economics Research, 1996).
Phil Cohen, New Ethnicitie'},-Old Racisms? (London: Zed Books, 1999).
Protection of A.<.ylum Speakers in Western Countries (New York: Church World Service Immigration and Refugee Program, 1984).
R. J Rummel, Understanding Conflict and War: 5 The Just Peace (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1981).
R.D. Grillo, Pluralism and the Politics of Dif.forence: State, Culture, and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective (New York: Clarendon Press, 1998).
Rene Lemarchand and David Martin, Selective Genocide in Burundi (London:, 1974).
Rene Lemarchand, Burundi: Ethnocide as Discourse and Practice (Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994).
Rene Lemarchand, Rwanda and Burundi (New York: Pager Publishers, 1970).
299
I
Richard Black and Khalid Koser. (eds.) The End ofThe Refugee Cycle? Refugee Repatriation and Reconstruction (New York: Berghahn Books, 1999).
Richard Jenkins, Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations (London: SAGE, 1997).
Robert F. Gorman (ed.) Refugee Aid and Development: Theory and Practice (Westport: Greenwood, 1993).
Robert Masao Jiobu, Ethnicity and Inequality (Albany: State University ofNew York Press, 1990).
Roderick K. Von Lipsey, Breaking the Cycle: A Framework for Conflict Intervention (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996).
Rohit Barot, Harriet Bradley, and Steve Fenton (eds.) Ethnicity, Gender, and Social Change, (Houndrnills: Macmillan, 1999).
Ron Baker,(eds.) The Psychosocial Problems of Refugees (London: British Refugee Council, 1983).
Rorden Wilkinson (ed.) Culture, Ethnicity and Human Rights in International Relations, (Auckland: New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, 1997).
Roy Richard Grinker, Houses in the Rain Forest: Ethnicity and Inequality Among Farmers and Foragers in Central Africa (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).
Russell F. Famen (ed.) Ethnicity, and Identity: Cross National and Comparative Perspectives (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1994).
Rwanda: Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Growth (Washington: World Bank, 1994).
S Muzaffar, Leadership Process and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa, (Boston: Boston Univ African Studies Centre, 1986).
Anthony de Reuck and Julian Knight (ed.) Conflict in Society (London: J & A Churchill, 1966).
Scott Peterson, Me Against My Brother: At War in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda: A Journalist Reports from the Battlefields of Africa (New York: Routledge, 2000).
Selam Kidane, I did not Choose to Come Here: Listening to Refogee Children (London: BAAF, 2001).
Seyoum Y. Hameso, Ethnicity in Africa: Towards a Positive Approach (London: TSC Publications, 1997).
Shaharyar M. Khan, The.Shallow Graves of Rwanda (London: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2000).
Auther and Lila Weinberg. (ed.) Instead of Violence (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1963).
Stephanie T.E. Kleine-Ahlbrandt, The Protection Gap in the International Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: The Case of Rwanda (Geneva: Universite de Geneve, 1996).
Steven J. Gold, Refiigee Communities: A Comparative Field Study (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1992).
Susan Forbes Martin, Refiigee Women (London: Zed Books, 1992).
Susanne Binder and Jelena To (cds.) Refogee Studies and Politics: Human Dimensions and Research Perspectives (Vienna: Facultas Verlag, 2002).
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, Une Democratie pour tous les Burundais (Paris: Hannattan, 1999).
T. Allen, K. Hudson and J. Seaton (eds.) War, Ethnicity and the Media (London: South Bank University, 1996).
300
Ted Gurr (eel.) Violence in America: Protest, Rebellion, Reform (New Delhi, Sage Publications, 1989).
Thomas Hyiland Eriksen, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives (London: Pluto Press, 1993).
Thomas Patrick Melady, Burundi: The Tragic Years (Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1974).
Thomas Spijkerboer, Gender and RefUgee Status (Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing, 2000).
Tommie Sjoberg, The Powers and ·the Persecuted: The RefUgee Problem and the Intergovernmental Committee on RefUgees (IGCR) 1938-1947 (Lund: Lund University Press, 1991).
Tony Waters, Bureaucratizing the Good Samaritan: The Limitations to Humanitarian Relief Operation (Boulder: Westview Press, 2001).
U.S. Committee for Refugees, World RefUgee Year: A Guide for Community Action (New York: The Committee, 1959).
United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Managing Arms in Peace Processes: Training (New York: United Nations, 1998).
Uri Ra'anan (ed.) Ethnic Resurgence in Modern Democratic States: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Human Resources and Conflict (New York: Pergamon Press, 1980).
Ved P. Nanda (ed.) RefUgee Law and Policy: International and U.S. Responses (New York: Greenwood, 1989).
Virginia Morris & Michael P .. Scharf, The International Criminal Tribuna/for Rwanda (Irvington-on-Hudson: Transnational Publishers, 1998).
Voluntary Repatriation is the Answer: Report 1991-1992 (Nairobi: All Africa Conference of Churches, Refugee Services, 1992).
Wilbur C. Rich (eel.) The Politics of Minority Coalitions: Race, Ethnicity, and Shared Uncertainties (Westport: Praeger, 1996).
William Petersen, Ethnicity Counts (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1997).
William Peterson (eel.) The Background to Ethnic Conflict (Leiden: Brill, 1979).
YosefLapid, Friedrich Kratochwil (eds.) The Return ofCulture and Identity in JR Theory (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1996).
YusufBangura, The Search for identity: Ethnicity, Religion and Political Violence (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1994).
b. ARTICLES A Nkubito, "Rwanda, Violation des Droits de L'homme", Dialogue, vol. 152, 1992, p.l9.
Abram de Swaan, "Widening Circles of Disidentification: On on Pscho- and Sociogenesis of the Hatred of Distant Strangers- Reflection on Rwanda", Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 14(2), 1997, pp.lOS-122.
Alain Desexbe, "The Third Genocide", Foreign Policy, No. 97, Winter 1994-95, pp.l3-14.
Ali Mazrui & Jessica M. Mugabwa, "Population Control and Ethnic Rivalry: Local and Global Perspectives", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 9(3), July 1986, pp. 340-359.
Andrew B Smith, "Origin and Spread ofPastrolism in Africa", Nomadic People, vol. 32, 1993, pp.91-105.
Anthony Smith, "Choosen People: Why Ethnic Groups Survive", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.l5 (3), July l992.pp.436-456
301
Ashok Krishna, "Low Intensity Conflicts: Future Trends", Strategic Analysis, vol. 19(4), July 1996, pp.639-652.
Astri Suhrke, "A Crisis Deminished: Refugees in the Developing World", International Journal, vol. 48, Spring 1993, pp.215-239.
B Dick, "The Impact of Refugees on the Health and Health Services of the Host Communities: Comprehending Bad with Worse Disasters", vol. 9(4), 1985, pp.259-269.
B Marrell-Bond, "Humanitarianism in a Straitjacket", African Affairs, vol. 84(334), 1985, pp.3-13.
C Newbury, "The Cohesion ofOppresion: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda 1860-1960", Mankind Quarterly, vol. 33(3), 1993, pp.359-64.
C Ternill, "The Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa", Disasters, vol. 8(4), 1984, pp.247-248.
Carol Dickerman, "African Courts Under the Colonial Regime: Usumbura, RwandaUburundi", Canadian .Journal of African Studies, vol. 26(1) 1992, pp.55-69.
Caroline Ifeka, "War and Identity in Melanesia and Africa", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 9(2), Aprill986, pp.Bl-149.
Catharine Newbury, "Ethnicity and the Politics of History in Rwanda", Africa Today, vol. 45(1), 1998, pp.7-24.
Catherine Newbury, "Ubureetwa and Thangata Catalyst to Peasant Political Consciousness in Rwanda and Malawi", Canadian Journal of African Studies, vol. 14(21 ), 1980, pp.97-111.
Charles Bakely, "How Nations Create and Respond to Refugee Flows, International Migration Review, vol. 30{2), Winter 1996, pp.1 046-1066.
Christina Boswell, "The Conflict Between Refugee Rights and Natona1Interests: Background and Policy Strategies", RefUgee Survey Quarterly, vol. 18(2), 1999.
Christopher Clamp ham, "Rwanda: The Perils of Peacemaking", Journal of Peace Research, vol. 35 (2), pp.193-2l 0
Claude E. Welch, "Ethnic Factors in African Armies", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 9(3), July 1986, pp. 321-333.
Daniel D Arreolla, "Urban Ethnic Landscape Identity", Geographic Review, vol. 85(4), October 1995, pp. 518-34.
David Welsh, "Ethnicity in Sub-Saharan Africa", International Affairs, vol. 72(3), 1996, pp. 477-91.
Denis Fair, "Refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Cause to Solution", Africa Insight (Pretoria), val. 26( l ), 1996, pp. 36-42.
Donald Rothchild, "Interethnic Conflict and Policy Analysis in Africa", Ethnic and Racial Studies, val. 9(1 ), Jan. 1986, pp. 66-86.
Drew Christiansen, "Movements, Asylum, Borders: Christian Perspectives, International Migration Review, vol.30(l), pp, 7-17.
Elaine Windrich, "Revisiting Genocide in Rwanda", Third World Quarterly, vaL 20(4), pp. 855-860.
F Del Munde, "The Future of Asylum in Africa", RefUgees, val. 96, 1994, pp. 3-7.
Filip Reyntjens, "Constitution Making in Situation of Extreme Crisis: The Case of Rwanda and Burundi", Journal r~f'African Law, val. 40(2), 1996, pp.234-42.
302
Filip Reyntjens, "The Proof of the Pudding is in the Eating: The June 1993 Elections in Burundi", Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 3(4), 1993, pp. 563-583.
Francois Sauliner, "The Human Shield Strategy", The World Today, January 1996, pp. 18-19.
G Hyden, "Ethnicity and State Cohesion in Africa", Ethnic Studies Report, vo!. 19, 1984, pp.1-12.
Gerard Prunier, "The Great Lake Crisis", Current History, vol. 96(61 0), May 1997, pp. 193-198.
Hagen Christian Kleinert, "Settlement Pressure and the Destruction of Forests in Rwanda", Applied Geography and Development", vol. 119(29), 1987, pp. 93-106.
Hartmut Dissenbacher, "Explaining the Genocide: How Population Growth and Shortage of Land Helped Bring About the Massacres and the Civil War", Law and State, vol. 52, 1995, pp. 58-88.
Helen M Hintjens, "Explaining the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda", Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 37(2), 1999, pp. 241-286.
J 0 Ihonvbere, "The 'Irrelevant' State-Ethnicity and the Quest for Nationhood in Africa", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 17(1), 1994, pp. 42-60.
J Olaka-Onyaugo, "Human Rights, The OAU Convention and the Refugees Crisis in Africa: 40 Years After Craera," International Journal of Refugees Law, vol. 3(3), 1991, pp. 453-60.
J Randals Montogomery, "Components of Refugee Adaptation", International Migration Review, vol. 30(3), Fall 1996, pp. 679-702.
James C. Hathaway and Alexander Neve, "Making International Refugee Law Relevant Again: A Proposal for Collectivised and Solution-Oriented Protection", Harvard Human Rights Journal, vo!. 10, 1997, pp. 115-211.
Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven & Jan Tjeerd Groenewoud, "Cooperation Ethnic Salience and Generalization of Inter Ethnic Attitudes", European Journal Social Psychology, vol. 26(4), Aug.-Sept. 1996, pp. 649-661.
Jason S. Abrams, "Burundi: Anatomy of an Ethnic Conflict", Survival, vol. 37(1), Spring 1995, pp. 144-164.
Jeffry T Polzer, "Inter-Group Negotiation: The Effects of Negotiating Teams", Conflict Resolution, vol. 40(4) Decemberl996, pp. 678-98.
Johan P. Pottier, "The Politi~s of Famine Prevention: Ecological, Regional Production and Food Complementarity in Western Rwanda", African A_ffairs, vol. 85(339), April 1986, pp. 207-37. '-
John Mcgarry & Brendan O'Leary, "The Political Regulation of National and Ethnic", Parliamentary Affairs, vo!. 4 7( 1 ), Jan 1994, pp. 94-115.
John P Holdren, "Peace-Building in the Postcold War World", Philosophy and Social Action. vol. 22(2), April-June 1996, pp. 9-16.
K Dixon-Fyle, Prevention As the Best Solution, RefUgees, 96, 1994, 22-25.
Kurt Schock, "A Conjunctural Model of Political Conflict: The Impact of Political Opportunities on the Relationship Between Economic Inequality and Violent Political Conflict", Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 40(1), March 1996, pp. 98 -133.
Lila Ammons, "Consequence of War on African Countries: Social and Economic Development", African Studies Review, vol. 39(1), 1996, pp.67-82.
M Doyle, "Battered", Focus on Africa, vol. 5(1), 1994, pp.4-8.
303
Mahmood Mamdani, "From Conquest to Consent as the Basis of State Formation: Reflection on Rwanda", New Left Review, vol. 216, March- April1996, pp. 3-36.
· Mark ScatTer and Scott Crichlow, "Antecedents of Group Think: A Quantitative Study", Conflict Resolution, vol. 40(3), September 1996, pp. 415-435.
Marrack Goulding, ''The United Nations and Conflict in Africa Since the Cold War", African Affairs, vol. 98,1999, pp. 155-166.
Martin Palut, "Rwanda Looking Beyond the Slaughter", The World Today, vol. 50 (8-9), Aug.- Sept. 1994, pp. 18-26.
Michael Scharf, Responding to Rwanda: Accountability Mechanisms in the Aftermath of Genocide, Journal of International Affairs, vol. 52(2), Spring 1999. pp.621-37.
Michael C Desch, ''War and Strong States, Peace and Weak States", International Organisation, vol. 50(2), Spring 1996, pp. 237-68.
Michel L Gross, "Restructuring Ethnic Paradigm from Pre-Modem to Post Modem Prespectives, Canadian Review of Sociology, vol. 33(1-2), 1996, pp. 51-66.
Michele D. Wagner, "All the Bourgmester's Men: Making Sense of Genocide in Rwanda", Africa Today, vol. 45(1), 1,?98, pp. 25-36.
Moon June Tcha, "Altruism, Conflict and the Migration Decision", International Regional Science Review, vol. 18(3), 1995, pp. 289-312.
N J Lavik, "Refugee Protest Action in a Host Country Possibilities and Limitations of an Mental Health Unit", Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 9(1), 1996, pp. 235-254.
Nadeem N Rouhana and Susan H Cooper, "Dealing with Dilemmas Post by Power Asymmetry Inter-Group Conflict", Negotiations Journal, vol. 12(4), September 1996, pp. 353-66.
Niranjan S Kamik, "Rwanda and the Media: Imagery, War and Refuge", Review of the African Political Economy, No. 78, pp.611-623.
Odniambo Anacleti, "The Regional Response to the Rwandan Emergency", Journal of Refugee Studies, val. 9(3), 1996, pp. 303-311.
P L Van Den Berghe, "Class, Race, and Ethnicity in Africa", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 6(2), 1983, pp. 221-236. ..
Peter Chalk, "The International Ethics of Refugees: A Case of Internal or External Political Obligation?", Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol. 52(2), 1998, pp. 149-163.
Peter Nyers, "Emergency of Emerging Identities? Refugees and Transformations in World Order", Millennium Journal of International Studies, vol.28(1), pp. 1-26.
Peter J Schrae, "French and the Great Game in Africa", Current History, vol. 96(610), May 1997, pp ..
R German, "Refugee Repatriation in Africa", World Today, vol. 40(10), 1984, pp. 436-443.
R H Jackson, G G Rosberg, "Popular Legitimacy in African Multiethnic States", Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 22(2), 1984, pp. 177-198.
R Joseph, "Governance and Peacemaking", Africa Forum, vol. 20(3-4), 1992, pp. 46-52.
Rhoda E. Howard, "Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: Internally Generated Causes", International Journal, vo!. 5(1), Winter 1995, pp. 27-53.
Richard A. C. Cart, "Resettlement of Refugees National or International Duty", Texas Law Journal, vol. 32, 1997, pp. 307-328.
304
S Dubow, "Ethnic Euphemisms and Racial Echoes", Journal South African Studies, vol. 20(3), 1994, pp. 355-70.
Sami A. Aldeeb, "The Islamic Conception of Migration", International Migration Review, vol. 30(1), pp. 37-57.
Saskia Van Hoyweghan, ''The Disintegration of the Catholic Church of Rwanda: A Study of the Fragmentation of Political and Religious Authority", African Affairs, vol. 95(380), 1996, pp. 379-401.
Saskia Van Hoyweghen, ''The Urgency of Land Reform and Agrarian Reforms in Rwanda", African Affairs, vol. 98, 1999, pp. 352 -372.
Series of Articles, Tracing Race and Ethnicity: Disciplinary Perspectives, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 19(4), October 1996, pp. 777-991.
Seymour W Itzkoff, "A Permanent International Divide? Human Abilities and National Development", Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, vol. 21(1), Spring 1996, pp. 33-48.
Shah M Tarzi, ''Nation-State, Victim Groups and Refugees", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 14(4), October 1991, pp. 441-52.
Shelly Pitterman, "A Comparitive Survey of Two Decades oflntemational Assistance in Africa", Africa Today, vol. 31(1), 1984, pp. 25-53.
Sheron Randolph, "Constraints to Agricultural Production in Africa: Survey of Rwanda", International Development, vol. 23(3), Fall 1988, pp. 78-98.
Stefan Cornell, "The Variable Ties that Bind: Content and Circumstances in Ethnic Processes", Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 19(2), April 1996, pp. 265-89.
Susan Olzak, "Contemporary Ethnic", Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 9, 1983, pp. 355-374.
T F Betts, "Evolution and Promotion of Integrated Rural Development Approach to Refugee Policy in Africa", Africa Today, vol. 31(1), 1984, pp. 7-24.
T M Shaw, "Ethnicity as the Resilient Paradigm for Africa: From 1960's to the 1980's", Development and Change, vol. 17(4), 1984, pp. 587-605.
Tony Walter, "Tutsi Social Identity in Contemporary Africa", Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 33(2), 1995, pp. 343-47.
Unwin Peter, "Tragedy in Rwanda: The Political Ecology of Conflict", Environment, vol. 38(3), April 1996, pp. 6-15.
Ved P Nanda, "The African Refugee Dilemma: A Challenge For International Law and Policy", Africa, Today, vol. 32(1-2), 1985, pp. 61-75.
W Gunter Plaut, Jewish Ethics, and International Migration, International Migration Review, vol.30 (1), pp. 22-23.
Wm. Cyrus Reed, "Exile, Reform and the Rise of the Rwandan Patriotic Front", Journal of Modern African Studies, vpl. 34(3), 1996, pp. 4 79-501.
Zaire: Hell on Earth, West Africa, 6-12, April 1997, pp. 14-17.
c. PERIODICALS Africa Research Bulletin
Africa Today
Daily National
East Africa Standard
305
